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The greatest risk of death from pneumonia in childhood is in the neonatal period. It is estimated that pneumonia contributes to between 750 000–1.2 million neonatal deaths annually, accounting for 10% of global child mortality. The etiology depends on time of onset. Gram negative bacilli predominate in the first week of life, and Gram-positive bacteria after that. Streptococcus pneumonia probably causes about 25% of neonatal pneumonia. Other associated risk factors are malnutrition (40% in India), Indoor air pollution, non-breast feeding, chronic pulmonary disease (obstructive), etc. Strengthening of health care delivery system for early detection and treatment and as well as minimization of preventable risk factors can avert a large proportion of death due to pneumonia. Interventions that would reduce mortality from this condition would have a large range of beneficial effects: improved maternal health, better management of other common neonatal conditions, and reduced long term childhood and adult morbidity.

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", "lang": { "id": "eng", "title": { "en": "English" } }, "type": { "id": "abstract", "title": { "de": "Abstract", "en": "Abstract" } } } ], "creators": [ { "affiliations": [ { "name": "Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Manoj Kumar", "name": "Manoj Kumar", "type": "personal" }, "role": { "id": "researcher", "title": { "de": "WissenschaftlerIn", "en": "Researcher" } } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Swati", "name": "Swati", "type": "personal" }, "role": { "id": "researcher", "title": { "de": "WissenschaftlerIn", "en": "Researcher" } } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "Postgraduate Resident, Department of General Medicine, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Rohtas, Bihar" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Avinash Kumar", "name": "Avinash Kumar", "type": "personal" }, "role": { "id": "researcher", "title": { "de": "WissenschaftlerIn", "en": "Researcher" } } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, A.N.M.M.C.H, Gaya, Bihar" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Anjali Kumari", "name": "Anjali Kumari", "type": "personal" }, "role": { "id": "researcher", "title": { "de": "WissenschaftlerIn", "en": "Researcher" } } } ], "dates": [ { "date": "2022-04-22", "type": { "id": "accepted", "title": { "de": "Angenommen", "en": "Accepted" } } } ], "description": "

The greatest risk of death from pneumonia in childhood is in the neonatal period. It is estimated that pneumonia contributes to between 750 000–1.2 million neonatal deaths annually, accounting for 10% of global child mortality. The etiology depends on time of onset. Gram negative bacilli predominate in the first week of life, and Gram-positive bacteria after that. Streptococcus pneumonia probably causes about 25% of neonatal pneumonia. Other associated risk factors are malnutrition (40% in India), Indoor air pollution, non-breast feeding, chronic pulmonary disease (obstructive), etc. Strengthening of health care delivery system for early detection and treatment and as well as minimization of preventable risk factors can avert a large proportion of death due to pneumonia. Interventions that would reduce mortality from this condition would have a large range of beneficial effects: improved maternal health, better management of other common neonatal conditions, and reduced long term childhood and adult morbidity.

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", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/14/IJPCR,Vol14,Issue5,Article82.pdf", "scheme": "url" } ], "languages": [ { "id": "eng", "title": { "en": "English" } } ], "publication_date": "2022-05-31", "publisher": "International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research", "references": [ { "reference": "1. Child Mortality Estimates: Global and regional child deaths by cause. Accessed April 04, 2019. Available from: http://data. unicef.org 2. Duke T. Neonatal pneumonia in developing countries. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005; 90:F211\u2013 FF219. 3. Ghimire M, Bhattacharya S, Narain J. Pneumonia in South-East Asia Region: Public health perspective. Indian J Med Res. 2012; 135:459. 4. World Health Organisation (WHO). Neonatal and Child Health Profile, India: Department of Maternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health 2013 5. Geddes A.M. Empiric therapy in lower respiratory tract infection: an ongoing challenge. J Chemother 1997;9(Suppl 3):5-9. 6. 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Acute respiratory infections inchildren: a community based longitudinal study in south India. Indian J Public Health 2003; 47: 7-13. 54. Broor S, Parveen S, Bharaj P, Prasad VS, Srinivasulu KN, Krishna MS. A prospective three-year cohort study of the epidemiology and virology of acute respiratory infections of children in rural India. PLoS ONE 2007; 2(6): e4 91. 55. Gladstone BP, Muliyil J, Jaffar S, Wheeler JG, Le Fevre A, IturrizaGomara M, Infant morbidity in an Indian slum birth cohort. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93: 479-84. 56. Dennehy PH. Respiratory infections in the newborn. Clin Perinatol 1987;14: 667\u201382. 57. Webber S, Wilkinson AR, Lindsell D, et al. Neonatal pneumonia. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65:207\u201311. 58. Mathew JL, Patwari AK, Gupta P, et al. Acute respiratory infection and pneumonia in India: a systematic review of literature for advocacy and action: UNICEF-PHFI series on newborn and child health, India. Indian Pediatr 2011; 48:191\u2013218. 59. WHO-SEARO. Strategy for coordinated approach to prevention and control of acute diarrhoea and respiratory infection in the South-East Asia Region. World Health Organization. New Delhi: WHO SEARO; 2010. 60. Mzezewa, S. Z. The plight of women with cleft lips-A case report. 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