ROLUL FACTORILOR MODIFICABILI ÎN OSTEOPOROZĂ

Summary. As in many other pathologies, the etiology of osteoporosis can be attributed to 2 
large groups of risk factors. The first group includes non-modifiable risk factors such as age, female gender, family history of osteoporosis, previous fractures, menopause/hysterectomy, long-term 
glucocorticoid therapy, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary/secondary hypogonadism in men. The second group includes the modifiable risk factors: alcohol, smoking, weight, poor nutrition, vitamin 
D deficiency, eating disorders, insufficient physical exercise, low intake of calcium in the diet, and 
consumption of demineralized water. Non-modifiable factors cannot be influenced in any way, whereas modifiable factors can be influenced and shaped. Therefore, optimizing lifestyle factors known 
to influence peak bone mass and strength is an important strategy aimed at reducing the risk of osteoporosis. This article attempts to further address the influence and mechanism by which modifiable 
factors operate.
Key words: osteoporosis, risk factors, calcium, vitamin D, drinking water, menopause