Background: In radiotherapy, especially when treating children, minimising
exposure of healthy tissue can prevent the development of adverse outcomes,
including second cancers. In this study we propose a validated Monte Carlo
framework to evaluate the complete patient exposure during paediatric brain
cancer treatment.
Materials and methods: Organ doses were calculated for treatment of a diffuse
midline glioma (50.4 Gy with 1.8 Gy per fraction) on a 5-year-old
anthropomorphic phantom with 3D-conformal radiotherapy, intensity
modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and
intensity modulated pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. Doses from
computed tomography (CT) for planning and on-board imaging for positioning
(kV-cone beam CT and X-ray imaging) accounted for the estimate of the
exposure of the patient including imaging therapeutic dose. For dose
calculations we used validated Monte Carlo-based tools (PRIMO, TOPAS,
PENELOPE), while lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was estimated from doseresponse
relationships for cancer induction, proposed by Schneider et al.
Results: Out-of-field organ dose equivalent data of proton therapy are lower,
with doses between 0.6 mSv (testes) and 120 mSv (thyroid), when compared to
photon therapy revealing the highest out-of-field doses for IMRT ranging
between 43 mSv (testes) and 575 mSv (thyroid). Dose delivered by CT ranged
between 0.01 mSv (testes) and 72 mSv (scapula) while a single imaging
positioning ranged between 2 µSv (testes) and 1.3 mSv (thyroid) for CBCT and
0.03 µSv (testes) and 48 µSv (scapula) for X-ray. Adding imaging dose from CT and
daily CBCT to the therapeutic demonstrated an important contribution of
imaging to the overall radiation burden in the course of treatment, which is
subsequently used to predict the LAR, for selected organs.
Conclusion: The complete patient exposure during paediatric brain cancer
treatment was estimated by combining the results from different Monte Carlobased
dosimetry tools, showing that proton therapy allows significant reduction
of the out-of-field doses and secondary cancer risk in selected organs.
The EU Open Research Repository serves as a repository for research outputs (data, software, posters, presentations, publications, etc) which have been funded under an EU research funding programme such as Horizon Europe, Euratom or earlier Framework Programmes.
\nThe community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nZenodo’s general policies and Terms of Use apply to all content.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository accepts all digital research objects which is a research output stemming from one of EU’s research and innovation funding programmes. The funding programmes currently include:
\nHorizon Europe (including ERC, MSCA), earlier Framework Programmes (eg Horizon 2020) as well as Euratom.
\nIn line with the principle as open as possible, as closed as necessary both public and restricted content is accepted. See note on how Zenodo handles restricted content.
\nEU programme beneficiaries are eligible to submit content to the community. The community supports three types of content submissions:
\nSubmission via an EU Project Community (through user interface or programmatic APIs).
\nSubmission directly to the EU Open Research Repository.
\nAutomated harvesting from existing Zenodo content.
\nA representative of an EU project may request an EU Project Community and invite other project participants as members of the community. The project community is linked to one or more European Commission grants. All records in the project community are automatically integrated into the EU Open Research Repository immediately upon acceptance into the project community.
\nAny user may submit a record directly to the EU Open Research Repository. The submission will be moderated by Zenodo staff for compliance with the minimal required metadata requirements and its correctness.
\nRecords found among Zenodo’s existing content will on a regular basis automatically be integrated if they are found to comply with the requirements. The submissions through this method are integrated into the EU Open Research Repository with delay in a fully automated way.
\nRecords in the EU Open Research Repository are required to comply with the following minimal metadata requirements:
\nVisibility: Both public and restricted (with or without embargo and/or access request)
\nResource types: All resource types.
\nLicenses: Public and embargoed records MUST specify a license. The chosen license SHOULD be compliant with the Horizon Europe open science requirements (see Open Science in Horizon Europe)
\nFunding information: Records MUST specify at least one grant from the European Commission.
\nCreators: Creators SHOULD be identified with a persistent identifier (e.g. ORCID, GND, …), and affiliations SHOULD be identified with a persistent identifier (e.g. ROR, ISNI, …)
\nSubjects: Records SHOULD specify one or more fields of science from the European Science Vocabulary.
\nThese metadata requirements comes from the related open science requirements in Horizon Europe which are detailed in each project's grant agreement.
\nAll submissions undergo automated curation checks for compliance with the policy. Submissions through project communities are in addition reviewed by the project community. Submission directly to the EU Open Research Repository is in addiotn reviewed by Zenodo staff.
\nCommunity curators may at any point edit metadata of the records in the community without notice through human or automated processing. The curators may at their sole discretion remove records from the community that are deemed not to comply with the content and curation policy or which are deemed of insufficient quality.
\nThe content and curation policy is subject to change by the community owner at any time and without notice, other than through updating this page.
", "description": "Open repository for EU-funded research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes.", "funding": [ { "funder": { "id": "00k4n6c32" } } ], "organizations": [ { "id": "00k4n6c32" } ], "page": "The EU Open Research Repository is a Zenodo-community dedicated to fostering open science and enhancing the visibility and accessibility of research outputs funded by the European Union. The community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nThe mission of the repository is to support the implementation of the EU's open science policy, providing a trusted and comprehensive space for researchers to share their research outputs such as data, software, reports, presentations, posters and more. The EU Open Research Repository simplifies the process of complying with open science requirements, ensuring that research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes are freely accessible, thereby accelerating scientific discovery and innovation.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository serves as a complementary platform to the Open Research Europe (ORE) publishing platform. Open Research Europe focuses on providing a publishing venue for peer-reviewed articles, ensuring that research meets rigorous academic standards. The EU Open Research Repository provides a space for all the other research outputs including data sets, software, posters, and presentations that are out of scope for ORE. This holistic approach enables researchers to not only publish their findings but also share the underlying data and materials that support their work, fostering transparency and reproducibility in the scientific process.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository is funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101256740 (HORIZON-ZEN Plus). For more information about the project see https://about.zenodo.org/projects/horizon-zen/.
", "title": "EU Open Research Repository", "type": { "id": "organization" }, "website": "https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu" }, "revision_id": 24, "slug": "eu", "theme": { "brand": "horizon", "enabled": true, "style": { "font": { "family": "Arial, sans-serif", "size": "16px", "weight": 600 }, "mainHeaderBackgroundColor": "#FFFFFF", "primaryColor": "#004494", "primaryTextColor": "#FFFFFF", "secondaryColor": "#FFD617", "secondaryTextColor": "#000000", "tertiaryColor": "#e3eefd", "tertiaryTextColor": "#1c5694" } }, "updated": "2026-03-31T12:29:43.596724+00:00" }, { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_submission_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2021-04-12T09:09:30.687561+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "ff009f68-0863-4e46-b957-68a67a540e84", "links": {}, "metadata": { "curation_policy": "", "funding": [ { "award": { "id": "00k4n6c32::847707" }, "funder": { "id": "00k4n6c32" } } ], "page": "The use of ionising radiation (IR) with advanced technology in medicine represents a tremendous benefit for the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in paediatric populations. While benefits to the patient largely outweigh the risk, the late effects of exposure to IR are particularly important to understand in populations of young patients who nowadays survive the disease for decades; the evidence to-date suggesting that children are more sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation than adults.
\r\nHARMONIC aims at complementing recent studies on paediatric CT examinations, to improve understanding of the health effects of exposure to medical IR in children, specifically cancer patients treated with modern radiotherapy techniques, and cardiac patients treated with X-ray guided imaging procedures.
\r\nThe project builds on a multi-disciplinary collaboration to provide the medical and scientific communities with instruments to investigate cancer and non-cancer outcomes (neuro & cardiovascular and endocrine system effects) in these two European paediatric cohorts and evaluate Quality of Life (QoL) and social impacts, with potential for advanced patient-specific dose reconstruction and mechanistic investigations.
The HARMONIC project (Health effects of cArdiac fluoRoscopy and MOderN radIotherapy in paediatriCs) has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 847707
", "title": "HARMONIC Project - Health effects of cArdiac fluoRoscopy and MOderN radIotherapy in paediatriCs" }, "parent": { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "restricted", "record_submission_policy": "open", "review_policy": "closed", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": true }, "created": "2022-11-23T15:53:29.436323+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "f0a8b890-f97a-4eb2-9eac-8b8a712d3a6c", "links": {}, "metadata": { "curation_policy": "The EU Open Research Repository serves as a repository for research outputs (data, software, posters, presentations, publications, etc) which have been funded under an EU research funding programme such as Horizon Europe, Euratom or earlier Framework Programmes.
\nThe community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nZenodo’s general policies and Terms of Use apply to all content.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository accepts all digital research objects which is a research output stemming from one of EU’s research and innovation funding programmes. The funding programmes currently include:
\nHorizon Europe (including ERC, MSCA), earlier Framework Programmes (eg Horizon 2020) as well as Euratom.
\nIn line with the principle as open as possible, as closed as necessary both public and restricted content is accepted. See note on how Zenodo handles restricted content.
\nEU programme beneficiaries are eligible to submit content to the community. The community supports three types of content submissions:
\nSubmission via an EU Project Community (through user interface or programmatic APIs).
\nSubmission directly to the EU Open Research Repository.
\nAutomated harvesting from existing Zenodo content.
\nA representative of an EU project may request an EU Project Community and invite other project participants as members of the community. The project community is linked to one or more European Commission grants. All records in the project community are automatically integrated into the EU Open Research Repository immediately upon acceptance into the project community.
\nAny user may submit a record directly to the EU Open Research Repository. The submission will be moderated by Zenodo staff for compliance with the minimal required metadata requirements and its correctness.
\nRecords found among Zenodo’s existing content will on a regular basis automatically be integrated if they are found to comply with the requirements. The submissions through this method are integrated into the EU Open Research Repository with delay in a fully automated way.
\nRecords in the EU Open Research Repository are required to comply with the following minimal metadata requirements:
\nVisibility: Both public and restricted (with or without embargo and/or access request)
\nResource types: All resource types.
\nLicenses: Public and embargoed records MUST specify a license. The chosen license SHOULD be compliant with the Horizon Europe open science requirements (see Open Science in Horizon Europe)
\nFunding information: Records MUST specify at least one grant from the European Commission.
\nCreators: Creators SHOULD be identified with a persistent identifier (e.g. ORCID, GND, …), and affiliations SHOULD be identified with a persistent identifier (e.g. ROR, ISNI, …)
\nSubjects: Records SHOULD specify one or more fields of science from the European Science Vocabulary.
\nThese metadata requirements comes from the related open science requirements in Horizon Europe which are detailed in each project's grant agreement.
\nAll submissions undergo automated curation checks for compliance with the policy. Submissions through project communities are in addition reviewed by the project community. Submission directly to the EU Open Research Repository is in addiotn reviewed by Zenodo staff.
\nCommunity curators may at any point edit metadata of the records in the community without notice through human or automated processing. The curators may at their sole discretion remove records from the community that are deemed not to comply with the content and curation policy or which are deemed of insufficient quality.
\nThe content and curation policy is subject to change by the community owner at any time and without notice, other than through updating this page.
", "description": "Open repository for EU-funded research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes.", "funding": [ { "funder": { "id": "00k4n6c32" } } ], "organizations": [ { "id": "00k4n6c32" } ], "page": "The EU Open Research Repository is a Zenodo-community dedicated to fostering open science and enhancing the visibility and accessibility of research outputs funded by the European Union. The community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nThe mission of the repository is to support the implementation of the EU's open science policy, providing a trusted and comprehensive space for researchers to share their research outputs such as data, software, reports, presentations, posters and more. The EU Open Research Repository simplifies the process of complying with open science requirements, ensuring that research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes are freely accessible, thereby accelerating scientific discovery and innovation.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository serves as a complementary platform to the Open Research Europe (ORE) publishing platform. Open Research Europe focuses on providing a publishing venue for peer-reviewed articles, ensuring that research meets rigorous academic standards. The EU Open Research Repository provides a space for all the other research outputs including data sets, software, posters, and presentations that are out of scope for ORE. This holistic approach enables researchers to not only publish their findings but also share the underlying data and materials that support their work, fostering transparency and reproducibility in the scientific process.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository is funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101256740 (HORIZON-ZEN Plus). For more information about the project see https://about.zenodo.org/projects/horizon-zen/.
", "title": "EU Open Research Repository", "type": { "id": "organization" }, "website": "https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu" }, "revision_id": 24, "slug": "eu", "theme": { "brand": "horizon", "enabled": true, "style": { "font": { "family": "Arial, sans-serif", "size": "16px", "weight": 600 }, "mainHeaderBackgroundColor": "#FFFFFF", "primaryColor": "#004494", "primaryTextColor": "#FFFFFF", "secondaryColor": "#FFD617", "secondaryTextColor": "#000000", "tertiaryColor": "#e3eefd", "tertiaryTextColor": "#1c5694" } }, "updated": "2026-03-31T12:29:43.596724+00:00" }, "revision_id": 3, "slug": "harmonicproject", "updated": "2025-03-31T15:53:22.031161+00:00" } ], "ids": [ "f0a8b890-f97a-4eb2-9eac-8b8a712d3a6c", "ff009f68-0863-4e46-b957-68a67a540e84" ] }, "id": "13738189", "pids": {} }, "pids": { "doi": { "identifier": "10.3389/fonc.2023.1222800", "provider": "external" }, "oai": { "identifier": "oai:zenodo.org:13738190", "provider": "oai" } }, "revision_id": 6, "stats": { "all_versions": { "data_volume": 344909988.0, "downloads": 59, "unique_downloads": 56, "unique_views": 25, "views": 26 }, "this_version": { "data_volume": 344909988.0, "downloads": 59, "unique_downloads": 56, "unique_views": 25, "views": 26 } }, "status": "published", "swh": {}, "updated": "2024-09-09T20:44:35.236136+00:00", "versions": { "index": 1, "is_latest": true } }