1 Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)

Fig. 3 A – D, Table 1

Bulimus (?) gracilis (?) Hutton, 1834: 84, 85, 93. Type locality: Mirzapoor, Futtehpoor Sikra, between Agra and Neemuch [Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states, India].

Bulimus (Opeas) gracilis — Pfeiffer 1856: 156.

Stenogyra (Opeas) gracilis — von Martens 1860: 265. Pfeiffer and Clessin 1881: 321.

Spiraxis gracilis — Blanford 1861: 362.

Stenogyra gracilis — de Morgan 1885: 389, 390.

Opeas gracilis — Theobald 1878: 146. Godwin-Austen 1895: 443.

Opeas gracile — von Möllendorff 1894: 151. Pilsbry 1906: 125–132, pl. 18, figs 3–6. Gude 1914: 355–357. van Benthem Jutting 1952: 378–380.

Lamellaxis gracilis — van Benthem Jutting 1959: 131, 132.

Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracile — Solem 1966: 94.

Allopeas gracilis — Maassen 2001: 81, 82.

Allopeas gracile — Schileyko 2011: 9. Do and Do 2014: 452, fig. 1 a. Raheem et al. 2014: 117, 118, fig. 73 d – f. Inkhavilay et al. 2019: 50, fig. 21 a – c. Sutcharit et al. 2020 b: 19.

Type specimens.

Lectotype NHMUK 1856.9. 15.68 / 1 (Fig. 3 A) ex. Hutton collection from Mirzapore, designated in Raheem et al. (2014: 118). Paralectotypes NHMUK 1856.9. 15.68 / 2–11 (10 shells; Fig. 3 B).

Other material.

Limestone hills (Apache Cement Factory), Pyinyaung Village, Meiktila District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar (20 ° 49 ' 39.1 " N, 96 ° 23 ' 35.1 " E): CUMZ 13066 (8 shells; Fig. 3 C, D).

Description.

Shell conically elongated, narrow, translucent, glossy, pale yellowish colour, and with 7 ½ – 8 whorls. Apex blunt; protoconch ~ 2 whorls and smooth; subsequent whorls with obliquely more or less fine and crowded riblets. Spire gradually tapering; whorls flatly convex; suture wide and shallow; last whorl largest. Aperture high and oblong shape; peristome thin and columellar margin near umbilicus is little expanded; columella straight. Umbilicus narrowly opened.

Distribution.

Allopeas gracile is distributed worldwide in America, Africa, Europe, and Asia (Gude 1914; Horsák et al. 2020). In South Asia, it has been reported from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and all countries in Southeast Asia (van Benthem Jutting 1952; Panha 1998; Schileyko 2011; Do and Do 2014; Raheem et al. 2014; Budha et al. 2015; Foon et al. 2017; Inkhavilay et al. 2019; Nurinsiyah and Hausdorf 2019; Sutcharit et al. 2020 b).

This species was previously reported in Myanmar from several localities, including Kayin State, Mon State, Kachin State, Rakhine State, Yangon Region, and Bago Region (see Gude 1914) and presently in the Mandalay Region.

Remarks.

Our material from the Mandalay Region matches well with the type specimen of this species. Allopeas gracile is a globally distributed alien species introduced to numerous countries and exhibits significant variability in both size and shape, influenced by its expansive distribution range. This species is commonly found in public parks, irrigation areas, greenhouse environments, and residential campuses (Pilsbry 1906; Neubert and Bochud 2020; Kalita 2022).