Longyearbreen
Reconstruction uncertainty: 20 Projection accuracy: 3 Reprojection error: 0.3 Dense Cloud Confidence: 10 Connected component size 99%
22 July 2024
Survey Data
Fig. 1. Camera locations and image overlap.
| Camera Model | Resolution | Focal Length | Pixel Size | Precalibrated |
| L2D-20c (12.29mm) | 5280 x 3956 | 12.29 mm | 3.36 x 3.36 μm | No |
| M3M (12.29mm) | 5280 x 3956 | 12.29 mm | 3.36 x 3.36 μm | Yes |
Table 1. Cameras.
Camera Calibration
Fig. 2. Image residuals for L2D-20c (12.29mm).
| L2D-20c (12.29mm) |
| 603 images |
| Type | Resolution | Focal Length | Pixel Size |
| Frame | 5280 x 3956 | 12.29 mm | 3.36 x 3.36 μm |
| Value | Error | F | Cx | Cy | K1 | K2 | K3 | P1 | P2 | |
| F | 3711.54 | 0.043 | 1.00 | 0.03 | -0.80 | -0.04 | 0.07 | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.19 |
| Cx | -40.7978 | 0.026 | 1.00 | -0.02 | -0.04 | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.78 | 0.05 | |
| Cy | -3.82169 | 0.055 | 1.00 | -0.07 | 0.01 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 0.49 | ||
| K1 | 0.0169582 | 1.5e-05 | 1.00 | -0.95 | 0.89 | -0.03 | -0.14 | |||
| K2 | -0.0460154 | 5e-05 | 1.00 | -0.98 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||
| K3 | 0.064703 | 5.1e-05 | 1.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | |||||
| P1 | -0.00116921 | 1.9e-06 | 1.00 | 0.05 | ||||||
| P2 | -0.000679482 | 2.2e-06 | 1.00 |
Table 2. Calibration coefficients and correlation matrix.
Camera Calibration
Fig. 3. Image residuals for M3M (12.29mm).
| M3M (12.29mm) |
| 321 images, precalibrated |
| Type | Resolution | Focal Length | Pixel Size |
| Frame | 5280 x 3956 | 12.29 mm | 3.36 x 3.36 μm |
| Value | Error | F | Cx | Cy | K1 | K2 | K3 | P1 | P2 | |
| F | 3710.87 | 0.03 | 1.00 | -0.05 | -0.81 | -0.23 | 0.15 | -0.14 | 0.03 | 0.74 |
| Cx | 29.4349 | 0.027 | 1.00 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.63 | -0.07 | |
| Cy | -28.0125 | 0.067 | 1.00 | -0.07 | 0.13 | -0.12 | -0.01 | -0.59 | ||
| K1 | -0.109561 | 1.8e-05 | 1.00 | -0.96 | 0.89 | 0.01 | -0.14 | |||
| K2 | 0.00586258 | 4.3e-05 | 1.00 | -0.98 | 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||
| K3 | -0.0205735 | 3.2e-05 | 1.00 | -0.00 | -0.06 | |||||
| P1 | -0.000245041 | 1.1e-06 | 1.00 | -0.03 | ||||||
| P2 | -0.00032414 | 2.4e-06 | 1.00 |
Table 3. Calibration coefficients and correlation matrix.
Camera Locations
Fig. 4. Camera locations and error estimates.
Z error is represented by ellipse color. X,Y errors are represented by ellipse shape.
Estimated camera locations are marked with a black dot.
| X error (m) | Y error (m) | Z error (m) | XY error (m) | Total error (m) |
| 2.30099 | 4.08975 | 27.692 | 4.69262 | 28.0868 |
Table 4. Average camera location error.
X - Longitude, Y - Latitude, Z - Altitude.
Digital Elevation Model
Fig. 5. Reconstructed digital elevation model.
Processing Parameters
| General | |
| Cameras | 925 |
| Aligned cameras | 924 |
| Coordinate system | WGS 84 (EPSG::4326) |
| Rotation angles | Yaw, Pitch, Roll |
| Tie Points | |
| Points | 2,060,841 of 6,376,800 |
| RMS reprojection error | 0.126333 (0.31021 pix) |
| Max reprojection error | 0.3 (2.33383 pix) |
| Mean key point size | 2.38617 pix |
| Point colors | 3 bands, uint8 |
| Key points | No |
| Average tie point multiplicity | 3.03937 |
| Alignment parameters | |
| Accuracy | High |
| Generic preselection | Yes |
| Reference preselection | Source |
| Key point limit | 60,000 |
| Key point limit per Mpx | 1,000 |
| Tie point limit | 0 |
| Exclude stationary tie points | Yes |
| Guided image matching | No |
| Adaptive camera model fitting | No |
| Matching time | 10 minutes 9 seconds |
| Matching memory usage | 10.15 GB |
| Alignment time | 33 minutes 33 seconds |
| Alignment memory usage | 3.36 GB |
| Optimization parameters | |
| Parameters | f, cx, cy, k1-k3, p1, p2 |
| Adaptive camera model fitting | No |
| Optimization time | 31 seconds |
| Date created | 2024:07:19 11:14:19 |
| Software version | 2.1.0.17532 |
| File size | 368.42 MB |
| Depth Maps | |
| Count | 924 |
| Depth maps generation parameters | |
| Quality | Medium |
| Filtering mode | Mild |
| Max neighbors | 16 |
| Processing time | 12 minutes 7 seconds |
| Memory usage | 1.62 GB |
| Date created | 2024:07:19 12:10:33 |
| Software version | 2.1.0.17532 |
| File size | 1.90 GB |
| Point Cloud | |
| Points | 60,426,333 |
| Point attributes | |
| Color | 3 bands, uint8 |
| Normal | |
| Confidence | 6 - 131 |
| Point classes | |
| Created (never classified) | 60,426,333 |
| Depth maps generation parameters | |
| Quality | Medium |
| Filtering mode | Mild |
| Max neighbors | 16 |
| Processing time | 12 minutes 7 seconds |
| Memory usage | 1.62 GB |
| Point cloud generation parameters | |
| Processing time | 1 hours 8 minutes |
| Memory usage | 10.99 GB |
| Date created | 2024:07:19 13:19:26 |
| Software version | 2.1.0.17532 |
| File size | 2.67 GB |
| Model | |
| Faces | 4,182,374 |
| Vertices | 2,093,126 |
| Vertex colors | 3 bands, uint8 |
| Texture | 8,192 x 8,192 x 10, 4 bands, uint8 |
| Depth maps generation parameters | |
| Quality | Medium |
| Filtering mode | Mild |
| Max neighbors | 16 |
| Processing time | 12 minutes 7 seconds |
| Memory usage | 1.62 GB |
| Point cloud generation parameters | |
| Processing time | 1 hours 8 minutes |
| Memory usage | 10.99 GB |
| Reconstruction parameters | |
| Surface type | Arbitrary |
| Source data | Point cloud |
| Interpolation | Enabled |
| Strict volumetric masks | No |
| Processing time | 22 minutes 20 seconds |
| Memory usage | 11.96 GB |
| Texturing parameters | |
| Mapping mode | Generic |
| Blending mode | Mosaic |
| Texture size | 8,192 |
| Enable hole filling | Yes |
| Enable ghosting filter | Yes |
| UV mapping time | 1 minutes 14 seconds |
| UV mapping memory usage | 2.99 GB |
| Blending time | 42 minutes 59 seconds |
| Blending memory usage | 50.12 GB |
| Date created | 2024:07:19 15:03:33 |
| Software version | 2.1.0.17532 |
| File size | 990.97 MB |
| System | |
| Software name | Agisoft Metashape Professional |
| Software version | 2.1.0 build 17532 |
| OS | Windows 64 bit |
| RAM | 127.78 GB |
| CPU | Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900K CPU @ 3.60GHz |
| GPU(s) | GeForce RTX 2080 |
| Intel(R) UHD Graphics 630 |