The Brainteaser Ontology
The BRAINTEASER Ontology (BO) jointly models both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). BO serves multiple purposes: • to provide a unified and comprehensive conceptual view about ALS and MS, which are typically dealt with separately, allowing us to coherently integrate the data coming from the different medical partners in the project; • to seamlessly represent both retrospective data and prospective data, produced during the lifetime of BRAINTEASER; • to allow for sharing and re-using the BRAINTEASER datasets according to Open Science and FAIR principles.
The BRAINTEASER Ontology (BO) jointly models both Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
It defines the relationship between air pollution conentration individuals and their time of recording.
APConcentrationTime
It defines the relationship between a therapeutic treatment and the specific administration details.
administration
It defines the relationship between The end therapy reason and the adverse reaction occurred.
adverseReaction
It defines the location of a trauma, onset, surgical procedure or diagnostic imaging.
anatomicalLocation
It defines the relationship between a person and his or her birthplace.
birthplace
It defines the relationship between a relapse and a co-occurring pregnancy.
coexistingPregnancy
It defines the relationship between a clinical trial and a clinic or hospital. In particular, a clinical trial is conducted in a clinic or hospital.
conductedInClinic
It defines the relationship between the end therapy reason and a pregnancy, meaning the therapeutic treatment was interrupted due to a confirmed pregnancy.
confirmedPregnancy
It defines the relationship between an event and an intervetion or procedure. In particular, an event could consist in an intervention or procedure.
consists
It defines the relationship between the sensing device for environmental data and the covered place.
coveredPlace
It defines the relationship between a comorbidity and the disease that determines it.
determinedBy
It defines the relationship between a person and a clinical trial participation. In particular, a person can be enrolled in a clinical trial participation.
enrolledIn
Links each app questionnaire to the event in which it was filled.
filledAppQuestionnaire
It defines the relationship between a person and a disease which he or she suffers from.
hasDisease
It defines the patient's ethnicity. For instance, we say that: :Peter :hasEthnicity _:b . _:b a Group (social concept); a skos:Concept.
hasEthnicity
It defines the relation between a patient and a kinship. For instance, we say that: :Peter :hasKinship _:b . _:b a Kinship; :hasKinshipType http://aunt. http://aunt a KinshipType; a skos:Concept.
hasKinship
This property is functional because we refer only to biological kinship thus a person can only have one biological kinship with a specific person.
It defines the relation between a Kinship and a KinshipType. For instance, we say that: :Peter :hasKinship _:b . _:b a Kinship; :hasKinshipType http://aunt. http://aunt a KinshipType; a skos:Concept.
hasKinshipType
It defines the relationship between a patient and his or her occupation.
hasOccupation
It defines the relationsihip between an event and an activity. In particular, during an event a specific type of activity can be registered.
hasRegisteredActivity
It defines the relationsihip between an event and a comorbidity. In particular, during an event a preexisting condition can be registered.
hasRegisteredCondition
It defines the relationship between a clinical trial participation and a clinical trial. In particular, a clinical trial participation refers to a clinical trial.
The relationship of kinship between a patient with another Person (who might also be a Patient)
inKinshipWith
It defines the relationship between a clinical trial and the disease studied in it.
isAboutDisease
Links a patient to the information about her menstrual cycle.
menstrualCycle
It defines the relationship between an hematology test and the observed laboratory results.
observedResult
It defnies the relationship between a genetic testing and a gene. In particular, a genetic testing looks for some genetic mutations on a gene.
onGene
Links each person to the sensing device they are carrying.
ownsSensingDevice
It defines the relationship between the therapeutic procedure and the perfomed therapeutic treatments.
performedTreatment
It defines the relationship between a therapeutic treatment and the employed pharmacologic subastance.
pharmacologicSubstance
It defines the relationship between a patient's residence and its location.
placeLocation
It defines the relationship between an event and a pregnancy that can be registrered during the event.
pregnancy
It defines the relationship between an event and a relapse that can be registered during the event.
relapse
It defines the relationship between a relapse and a MRI that has been required.
requiredMRI
It defines the relationship between a person and his or her residence.
residence
It defines the realtionship between the surgical procedure and the specific type of surgical procedure.
surgicalType
It defines the relationship betwen a patient and a genetic testing. In particular, a patient can be tested for genetic mutations.
tested
It defines the relationship between a CSF Analysis and a test for the presence of oligoclonal bands.
testedForOligoclonalBands
It defines the relationship between the therapeutic treatment and the type of therapeutic procedure that has been administered.
therapyType
It defines the relationship between an event and a trauma that can be registered during the event.
trauma
It defines the relationship between patient and event. In particular, a patient can undergo some events.
undergo
Detectable speech disturbance
Intelligible with repeating
Normal speech process
Q1: Speech
ALSFRSR_Q1
None
Occurs at rest: difficulty breathing when either sitting or lying
Occurs with one or more of the following: eating, bathing, dressing
Q10: Dyspnea
ALSFRSR_Q10
no change
shortness of breath at rest while either sitting or lying down
shortness of breath only with walking
shortness of breath with minimal exertion (i.e. talking, eating, bathing or dressing)
significant shortness of breath (all of the time) and considering using mechanical ventilation
Do you experience shortness of breath or have difficulty breathing?
ALSFRSR_Q10alt
Needs extra pillows in order to sleep (more than two)
Some difficulty sleeping at night due to shortness of breath, does not routinely use more than two pillows
Unable to sleep without mechanical assistance
Q11: Orthopnea
ALSFRSR_Q11
occasional shortness of breath while lying on back but don't routinely use more that two (2) pillows to sleep
shortness of breath while lying on back and require more than two pillows (or an equivalent) to sleep
Do you experience shortness of breath or have difficulty breathing while lying down on your back?
ALSFRSR_Q11alt
Continuous use of BiPAP during the night
Intermittent use of BiPAP
Q12: Respiratory Insufficiency
ALSFRSR_Q12
continuous use of BiPAP at night
continuous use of BiPAP at night and during the day (nearly 24 hours per day)
intermittent use of BiPAP
mechanical ventilation by intubation or tracheostomy
no respiratory support
Do you require respiratory (breathing) support?
ALSFRSR_Q12alt
noticeable speech difference
speech has changed; asked often to repeat words or phrases
speech has changed; sometimes need the use of alternative communication methods (i.e. computer, writing pad, letter board or eye chart)
unable to communicate verbally
Have you noticed any changes in your speech?
ALSFRSR_Q1alt
Moderately excessive saliva; may have minimal drooling
Normal
Slight but definite excess of saliva in mouth; may have night time drooling
Q2: Salivation
ALSFRSR_Q2
marked amounts of excessive saliva with some daytime drooling
marked excessive saliva with marked drooling requiring a constant tissue or handkerchief
moderate amounts of excessive saliva with or without minimal day time drooling
slight but definite excess of saliva with or without night time drooling
Have you noticed any changes (increases) in the amount of saliva in your mouth (regardless of any medication use)?
ALSFRSR_Q2alt
Early eating problems - occasional choking
Normal eating habits
Q3: Swallowing
ALSFRSR_Q3
do not eat anything by mouth and receive all nutrition through a feeding tube (PEG)
no changes (all foods and liquids)
some changes in swallowing or occasional choking episodes (including coughing during swallowing)
unable to eat all consistencies of food and have modified the consistency of foods eaten
use a feeding tube (PEG) to supplement what is eaten by mouth
Have there been any changes in your ability to swallow?
ALSFRSR_Q3alt
No words are legible, but can still grip pen
Not all words are legible
Slow
ALSFRSR_Q4
able to hold a pen but unable to write
no changes
not all words are legible
slower and/or sloppier but all the words are legible
unable to hold a pen
Has your handwriting changed? Please choose the best answer that describes your handwriting with your dominant (usual) hand without a cuff or brace.
ALSFRSR_Q4alt
Q5: Cutting Food and Handling Utensils (with or without gastrostomy).
ALSFRSR_Q5
Can cut most foods (> 50%), although slow and clumsy; some help needed
Food must be cut by someone, but can still feed slowly
Somewhat slow and clumsy, but no help needed
Q5A: Cutting Food and Handling Utensils (without gastrostomy)
ALSFRSR_Q5A
food must be cut by someone else but can feed slowly without assistance
needs to be fed
sometimes need help with cutting more difficult foods
somewhat slow and clumsy (or different than before) but no assistance or adaptive equipment
Cutting food and handling utensils
ALSFRSR_Q5Aalt
Q5B: Cutting Food and Handling Utensils (with gastrostomy)
ALSFRSR_Q5B
require assistance with closures and fasteners
unable to perform any of the manipulations
Using a feeding tube (PEG)
ALSFRSR_Q5Balt
Independent; Can complete self-care with effort or decreased efficiency
Intermittent assistance or substitute methods
Needs attendant for self-care
Normal function
Q6: Dressing and Hygiene
ALSFRSR_Q6
do not perform self-care activities and completely dependent on caregiver
perform self-care activities without assistance but with increased effort or decreased efficiency
require daily assistance
require intermittent assistance or use different methods (i.e. sit down to get dressed, fasten buttons with a fastener or your non-dominant hand)
Has your ability to dress and perform self-care activities (i.e. bathing, teeth brushing, shaving, combing your hair, other hygienic activities) changed?
ALSFRSR_Q6alt
Can turn alone, or adjust sheets, but with great difficulty
Q7: Truning in Bed and Adjusting Bed Clothes
ALSFRSR_Q7
can initiate turning in bed or adjusting the bed clothes but require assistance to complete the task
can turn in bed and adjust the bed clothes without assistance but it is slower or more clumsy
can turn in bed or adjust the bedclothes without assistance but with great difficulty
helpless in bed
Has your ability to turn in bed and adjust the bed clothes (i.e. cover yourself with the sheet or blanket) changed?
ALSFRSR_Q7alt
Early ambulation difficulties
Non-ambulatory functional movement only
Walks with assistance
Q8: Walking
ALSFRSR_Q8
can move legs or stand up but unable to walk from room to room
cannot walk or move my legs
require assistance to walk (i.e. cane, walker, foot brace or hand held assistance)
walking has changed but do not require any assistance or devices (i.e. foot brace, cane, walker)
Has your ability to walk changed?
ALSFRSR_Q8alt
Cannot do
Mild unsteadiness or fatigue
Needs assistance
Q9: Climbing Stairs
ALSFRSR_Q9
cannot climb stairs
require assistance (i.e. using the handrail, cane or person)
slower
unsteady and/or more fatigued
Has your ability to climb stairs changed?
ALSFRSR_Q9alt
Caregiver alone
Patient
Patient with assistance
Patient with assistance from caregiver or family member
Please indicate who completed this survey
ALSFRS_R_WHO_COMPLETED
Do you have difficulties swallowing solid food (such as meat, bread, and the like)?
DYMUS_Q1
Do you have weight loss?
DYMUS_Q10
Do you have difficulties swallowing liquids (such as water, milk, and the like)?
DYMUS_Q2
Do you have a globus sensation in your throat during swallowing?
DYMUS_Q3
Do you have food sticking in your throat?
DYMUS_Q4
Do you cough or do you have a choking sensation after ingesting solid foods?
DYMUS_Q5
Do you cough or do you have a choking sensation after ingesting liquids?
DYMUS_Q6
Do you need to swallow several times before completely swallowing solid food?
DYMUS_Q7
Do you need to cut food in small pieces before swallowing?
DYMUS_Q8
Do you need to take many sips before completely swallowing liquid?
DYMUS_Q9
I am unable to walk about
I have moderate problems in walking about
I have no problems in walking about
I have severe problems in walking about
I have slight problems in walking about
Mobility
EQ5D5L_Q1
I am unable to wash or dress myself
I have moderate problems washing or dressing myself
I have no problems washing or dressing myself
I have severe problems washing or dressing myself
I have slight problems washing or dressing myself
Self-care
EQ5D5L_Q2
I am unable to do my usual activities
I have moderate problems doing my usual activities
I have no problems doing my usual activities
I have severe problems doing my usual activities
I have slight problems doing my usual activities
Usual activities
EQ5D5L_Q3
I have moderate pain or discomfort
I have no pain or discomfort
I have severe pain or discomfort
I have slight pain or discomfort
Pain/Discomfort
EQ5D5L_Q4
I am extremely anxious or depressed
I am moderately anxious or depressed
I am not anxious or depressed
I am severely anxious or depressed
I am slightly anxious or depressed
Anxiety/Depression
EQ5D5L_Q5
Health today
EQ5D5L_Q6
A lot of the time
From time to time, occasionally
Most of the time
Not at all
I feel tense or 'wound up'
HADS_Q1
Definitely
I don't take as much care as I should
I may not take quite as much care
I take just as much care as ever
I have lost interest in my appearance
HADS_Q10
Not very much
Quite a lot
Very much indeed
I feel restless as I have to be on the move
HADS_Q11
As much as I ever did
Definitely less than I used to
Hardly at all
Rather less than I used to
I look forward with enjoyment to things
HADS_Q12
Not very often
Quite often
Very often indeed
I get sudden feelings of panic
HADS_Q13
Not often
Often
Sometimes
Very seldom
I can enjoy a good book or radio or TV program
HADS_Q14
Definitely as much
Not quite so much
Only a little
I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy
HADS_Q2
A little, but it doesnt worry me
Very definitely and quite badly
Yes, but not too badly
I get a sort of frightened feeling as if something awful is about to happen
HADS_Q3
As much as I always could
Definitely not so much now
Not quite so much now
I can laugh and see the funny side of things
HADS_Q4
A great deal of the time
From time to time, but not too often
Only occasionally
Worrying thoughts go through my mind
HADS_Q5
I feel cheerful
HADS_Q6
Usually
I can sit at ease and feel relaxed
HADS_Q7
Nearly all the time
Very often
I feel as if I am slowed down
HADS_Q8
Occasionally
I get a sort of frightened feeling like 'butterflies' in the stomach
HADS_Q9
The IgG index is the ratio of the quotients for IgG and albumin (IgGcsf/IgGs)/(Albcsf/Albs). It is a quantitative analysis of the relationship between CSF IgG and serum IgG, divided by the same relationship for albumin. [Definition Source: Simonsen, Cecilia Smith et al. “The diagnostic value of IgG index versus oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.” Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical vol. 6,1 2055217319901291. 22 Jan. 2020]
IgGIndexCSF
Almost always
Never
Rarely
I have been less alert
MFIS_Q1
I have trouble maintaining physical effort for long periods
MFIS_Q10
I have had difficulty making decisions
MFIS_Q11
I have been less motivated to do anything that requires thinking
MFIS_Q12
My muscles have felt weak
MFIS_Q13
I have been physically uncomfortable
MFIS_Q14
I have had trouble finishing tasks that require thinking
MFIS_Q15
I have had difficulty organizing my thoughts when doing things at home or at work
MFIS_Q16
I have been less able to complete tasks that require physical effort
MFIS_Q17
My thinking has been slowed down
MFIS_Q18
I have had trouble concentrating
MFIS_Q19
I have had difficulty paying attention for long periods of time
MFIS_Q2
I have limited my physical activities
MFIS_Q20
I have needed to rest more often or for longer periods
MFIS_Q21
I have been unable to think clearly
MFIS_Q3
I have been clumsy and uncoordinated
MFIS_Q4
I have been forgetful
MFIS_Q5
I have had to pace myself in my physical activities
MFIS_Q6
I have been less motivated to do anything that requires physical effort
MFIS_Q7
I have been less motivated to participate in social activities
MFIS_Q8
I have been limited in my ability to do things away from home
MFIS_Q9
An indicator of whether the patient contracted Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in paediatric age.
MSInPaediatricAge
Excellent
Fair
Good
Very good
In general, would you say your health is:
MSQOL54_Q1
No, not limited at all
Yes, limited a little
Yes, limited a lot
Does your health limit you in walking several blocks? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q10
Does your health limit you in walking one block? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q11
Does your health limit you in bathing and dressing yourself? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q12
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health? Cut down on the amount of time you could spend on work or other activities
MSQOL54_Q13
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health? Accomplished less than you would like
MSQOL54_Q14
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health? Were limited in the kind of work or other activities
MSQOL54_Q15
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of your physical health? Had difficulty performing the work or other activities (for example, it took extra effor)
MSQOL54_Q16
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of any emotional problems (such as feeling depressed or anxious). Cut down on the amount of time you could spend on work or other activities
MSQOL54_Q17
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of any emotional problems (such as feeling depressed or anxious). Accomplished less than you would like
MSQOL54_Q18
During the past 4 weeks, have you had any of the following problems with your work or other regular daily activities as a result of any emotional problems (such as feeling depressed or anxious). Didn’t do work or other activities as carefully as usual
MSQOL54_Q19
About the same
Much better now than one year ago
Much worse now than one year ago
Somewhat better now than one year ago
Somewhat worse now than one year ago
Compared to one year ago, how would you rate your health in general now?
MSQOL54_Q2
Moderately
Quite a bit
Slightly
During the past 4 weeks, to what extent has your physical health or emotional problems interfered with your normal social activities with family, friends, neighbors, or groups?
MSQOL54_Q20
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Very mild
How much bodily pain have you had during the past 4 weeks?
MSQOL54_Q21
A little bit
During the past 4 weeks, how much did pain interfere with your normal work (including both work outside the home and housework)?
MSQOL54_Q22
A good bit of the time
A little of the time
All of the time
None of the time
Some of the time
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you feel full of pep?
MSQOL54_Q23
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you been a very nervous person?
MSQOL54_Q24
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you felt so down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up?
MSQOL54_Q25
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you felt calm and peaceful?
MSQOL54_Q26
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you have a lot of energy?
MSQOL54_Q27
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you felt downhearted and blue?
MSQOL54_Q28
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you feel worn out?
MSQOL54_Q29
Does your health limit you in vigorous activities, such as running, lifting heavy objects, participating in strenuous sports? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q3
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you been a happy person?
MSQOL54_Q30
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you feel tired?
MSQOL54_Q31
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you feel rested on waking in the morning?
MSQOL54_Q32
During the past 4 weeks, how much of the time has your physical health or emotional problems interfered with your social activities (like visiting with friends, relatives, etc.)?
MSQOL54_Q33
Definitely false
Definitely true
Mostly false
Mostly true
Not sure
I seem to get sick a little easier than other people
MSQOL54_Q34
I am as healthy as anybody I know
MSQOL54_Q35
I expect my health to get worse
MSQOL54_Q36
My health is excellent
MSQOL54_Q37
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks were you discouraged by your health problems?
MSQOL54_Q38
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks were you frustrated about your health?
MSQOL54_Q39
Does your health limit you in moderate activities, such as moving a table, pushing a vacuum cleaner, bowling, or playing golf?
MSQOL54_Q4
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks was your health a worry in your life?
MSQOL54_Q40
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you feel weighed down by your health problems?
MSQOL54_Q41
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you had difficulty concentrating and thinking?
MSQOL54_Q42
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks did you have trouble keeping your attention on an activity for long?
MSQOL54_Q43
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have you had trouble with your memory?
MSQOL54_Q44
How much of the time during the past 4 weeks have others, such as family members or friends, noticed that you have trouble with your memory or problems with your concentration?
MSQOL54_Q45
A little of a problem
Not a problem
Somewhat of a problem
Very much a problem
How much of a problem was the lack of sexual interest for you during the past 4 weeks?
MSQOL54_Q46
How much of a problem was the difficulty getting or keeping an erection for you during the past 4 weeks?
MSQOL54_Q47
How much of a problem was the difficulty having orgasm for you during the past 4 weeks?
MSQOL54_Q48
How much of a problem was the for ability to satisfy sexual partner you during the past 4 weeks?
MSQOL54_Q49
Does your health limit you in lifting or carrying groceries? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q5
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Very dissatisfied
Very satisfied
Overall, how satisfied were you with your sexual function during the past 4 weeks?
MSQOL54_Q50
Extremely
During the past 4 weeks, to what extent have problems with your bowel or bladder function interfered with your normal social activities with family, friends, neighbors, or groups?
MSQOL54_Q51
During the past 4 weeks, how much did pain interfere with your enjoyment of life?
MSQOL54_Q52
Overall, how would you rate your own quality-of-life?
MSQOL54_Q53
Delighted
Mixed - about equally satisfied and dissatisfied
Mostly dissatisfied
Mostly satisfied
Pleased
Terrible
Unhappy
Which best describes how you feel about your life as a whole?
MSQOL54_Q54
Does your health limit you in climbing several flights of stair? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q6
Does your health limit you in climbing one flights of stair? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q7
Does your health limit you in bending, kneeling, or stooping? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q8
Does your health limit you in walking more than a mile? If so, how much?
MSQOL54_Q9
A test of lung function, the FEV1 is the volume exhaled during the first second of a forced expiratory maneuver started from the level of total lung capacity. It is the most frequently used index for assessing bronchoconstriction or bronchodilatation. [Definition Source: NCI]
PFTs_FEV1_L
PFTs_FEV1_P
A test of lung function, the FEV6 is the volume exhaled during six seconds of a forced expiratory maneuver started from the level of total lung capacity. [Definition Source: NCI]
PFTs_FEV6_L
PFTs_FEV6_P
During the past month, what time have you usually gone to bed at night?
PSQI_Q1
No bed partner or room mate
Partner in same bed
Partner/room mate in other room
Partner/room mate in same room but not same bed
Do you have a bed partner or room mate?
PSQI_Q10
Less than once a week
Not during the past month
Once or twice a week
Three or more times a week
Loud snoring
PSQI_Q11A
Long pauses between breaths while asleep
PSQI_Q11B
Legs twitching or jerking while you sleep
PSQI_Q11C
Episodes of disorientation or confusion during sleep
PSQI_Q11D
Other restlessness while you sleep, please describe
PSQI_Q11E
During the past month, how long (in minutes) has it usually taken you to fall asleep each night?
PSQI_Q2
During the past month, what time have you usually gotten up in the morning?
PSQI_Q3
During the past month, how many hours of actual sleep did you get at night? (This may be different than the number of hours you spent in bed.)
PSQI_Q4
Cannot get to sleep within 30 minutes
PSQI_Q5A
Wake up in the middle of the night or early morning
PSQI_Q5B
Have to get up to use the bathroom
PSQI_Q5C
Cannot breathe comfortably
PSQI_Q5D
Cough or snore loudly
PSQI_Q5E
Feel too cold
PSQI_Q5F
Feel too hot
PSQI_Q5G
Have bad dreams
PSQI_Q5H
Have pain
PSQI_Q5I
Other reason(s), please describe:
PSQI_Q5J_1
how often have you had trouble sleeping because of this?
PSQI_Q5J_2
During the past month, how often have you taken medicine to help you sleep (prescribed or “over the counter”)?
PSQI_Q6
During the past month, how often have you had trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, or engaging in social activity?
PSQI_Q7
A very big problem
No problem at all
Only a very slight problem
During the past month, how much of a problem has it been for you to keep up enough enthusiasm to get things done?
PSQI_Q8
Fairly bad
Fairly good
Very bad
During the past month, how would you rate your sleep quality overall?
PSQI_Q9
During the last 7 days, how would you rate your sleep quality overall? Choose a number from 1 to 10 that best describes your sleep quality
SLEEP_ALS_Q1
Choose a number from 0 to 10 that best describes your pain
VAS_Q1
Please, enter your weight
WEIGHT_Q1
Whether a patient had an abdominal surgery.
abdominalSurgery
Active kilocalories registered by the wearable device. [uom: kcal]
activeKilocalories
Active time registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
activeTime
Activity distance registered by the wearable device. [uom: meters]
activityDistance
The year in which an activity ended.
activityEndYear
Intense
Professional
Soft
The level of intensity with which the physical activity is carried out.
activityIntensity
The year in which the activity started.
activityStartYear
Activity steps registered by the wearable device.
activitySteps
Activity steps goal registered by the wearable device.
activityStepsGoal
Activity stress duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
activityStressDuration
The type of physical activity carried out.
activityType
The frequency of administration of the pharmacological substance.
administrationFrequency
Designation of the part of the body through which or into which, or the way in which, the medicinal product is intended to be introduced. In some cases a medicinal product can be intended for more than one route and/or method of administration. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: ICH]
administrationRoute
The Unit of Measure (UoM) of the adminstration dose.
administrationUoM
A definite quantity of a medicine or drug given or prescribed to be given at one time. [Definition Source: Oxford English Dictionary]
administrationDose
The MS patient's age at baseline. Expressed in years.
ageBaseline
Age of the patient at the diagnosis.
ageDiagnosis
Age of the patient at the onset.
ageOnset
A quantitative measurement of albumin present in a sample of CSF. Unit of measure : [mg/l].
albuminCSF
Whether a patient drinks alcohol.
alcoholUse
Whether the patient is still alive.
alive
Item 1 for ALSFRS: Speech.
alsfrs1
Item 10 for Revised ALSFRS: Dyspnea.
alsfrs10
Item 11 for Revised ALSFRS: Orthopnea.
alsfrs11
Item 12 for Revised ALSFRS: Respiratory Insufficiency.
alsfrs12
Item 2 for ALSFRS: Salivation.
alsfrs2
Item 3 for ALSFRS: Swallowing.
alsfrs3
Item 4 for ALSFRS: Handwriting.
alsfrs4
Item 5 for ALSFRS: Cutting food and handling utensilis.
alsfrs5
Item 6 for ALSFRS: Dressing and hygiene.
alsfrs6
Item 7 for ALSFRS: Turning in bed and adjusting blankets.
alsfrs7
Item 8 for ALSFRS: Walking.
alsfrs8
Item 9 for ALSFRS: Climbing Stairs.
alsfrs9
Original item 10 for ALSFRS: Breathing.
alsfrsOriginal10
Whether the CSF specimen is normal or presents alterations.
alterationCSF
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for ambulation.
ambulationEDSS
Whether the patient used assistance to perform the ambulation test.
ambulationEDSSAssistance
Observed time to walk 500m (in minutes)
ambulationEDSSObservedTime
Distance reported by patient (in meters) without stopping
ambulationEDSSPatientDistance
Time reported by patient (in minutes) without stopping
ambulationEDSSPatientTime
Whether the patient has ankle/foot orthosis.
ankleFootOrthosis
Muscle tone assessment of the left arm.
ashworthLeftArm
Muscle tone assessment of the left leg.
ashworthLeftLeg
Muscle tone assessment of the right arm.
ashworthRightArm
Muscle tone assessment of the right leg.
ashworthRightLeg
Whether a patient ever had an autoimmune disease.
autoimmuneDisease
Average heart rate registered by the wearable device. [uom: bpm]
averageHeartRate
Average of valid measurements in that week; if there are no valid measurements in that week, it is denoted as NA.
averageMeasurement
Average stress level registered by the wearable device.
averageStressLevel
Yes
Whether the patient presents clinical Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Bulbar region.
awajiClinicalLMNBulbar
Whether the patient presents clinical Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Cervical region.
awajiClinicalLMNCervical
Whether the patient presents clinical Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Lumbo-Sacral region.
awajiClinicalLMNLumboSacral
Whether the patient presents clinical Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Thoracic region.
awajiClinicalLMNThoracic
Whether the patient presents clinical Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) signs in the Bulbar region.
awajiClinicalUMNBulbar
Whether the patient presents clinical Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) signs in the Cervical region.
awajiClinicalUMNCervical
Whether the patient presents clinical Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) signs in the Lumbo-Sacral region.
awajiClinicalUMNLumboSacral
Definite
Possible
Probable
ALS diagnosis according to the Awaji criteria.
awajiDiagnosisCriteria
Whether the patient presents Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Bulbar region, using needle electromyography (EMG).
awajiEMGLMNBulbar
Whether the patient presents Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Cervical region, using needle electromyography (EMG).
awajiEMGLMNCervical
Whether the patient presents Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Lumbo-Sacral region, using needle electromyography (EMG).
awajiEMGLMNLumboSacral
Whether the patient presents Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) signs in the Thoracic region, using needle electromyography (EMG).
awajiEMGLMNThoracic
Awake duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
awakeDuration
Whether the patient experienced axial onset. The Axial Skeleton is the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs. [Definition Source: NCI]
axialOnset
Total basal calories registered by the wearable device. [uom: kcal]
basalKilocalories
The baseline heart rate (at stimulus onset).
baselineHeartRate
Area Index, defined as the cumulative area of the sectors corresponding to the points that are located above Line of Identity (LI) divided by the cumulative area of sectors corresponding to all points in the Poincaré plot except those that are located on LI.
beatToBeatAI
The contributions of heart rate acceleration in long-term Heart Rate Variability (HRV) (Piskorski, 2011).
beatToBeatC2a
The contributions of heart rate deceleration in long-term HRV (Piskorski, 2011).
beatToBeatC2d
The Cardiac Sympathetic Index (Toichi, 1997), calculated by dividing the longitudinal variability of the Poincaré plot by its transverse variability.
beatToBeatCSI
The modified CSI (Jeppesen, 2014) obtained by dividing the square of the longitudinal variability by its transverse variability.
beatToBeatCSIModified
The Cardiac Sympathetic Index (Toichi, 1997), equal to the logarithm of the product of longitudinal variability of the Poincaré plot by its transverse variability.
beatToBeatCVI
The root mean square of the sum of successive differences (RMSSD) divided by the mean of the RR intervals (MeanNN).
beatToBeatCVSD
The total contributions of heart rate accelerations to HRV.
beatToBeatCa
beatToBeatCd
Guzik’s Index, defined as the distance of points above line of identity (LI) to LI divided by the distance of all points in Poincaré plot to LI except those that are located on LI.
beatToBeatGI
The HRV triangular index, measuring the total number of RR intervals divided by the height of the RR intervals histogram.
beatToBeatHTI
The median absolute deviation of the RR intervals (MadNN) divided by the median of the absolute differences of their successive differences (MedianNN).
beatToBeatHcvNN
Inverse of the average length of the acceleration/deceleration segments.
beatToBeatIALS
The interquartile range (IQR) of the RR intervals.
beatToBeatIqrNN
The median absolute deviation of the RR intervals.
beatToBeatMadNN
The mean of the RR intervals.
beatToBeatMeanNN
The median of the absolute values of the successive differences between RR intervals.
beatToBeatMedianNN
Percentage of NN intervals in alternation segments
beatToBeatPAS
Porta’s Index, defined as the number of points below LI divided by the total number of points in Poincaré plot except those that are located on LI.
beatToBeatPI
Percentage of inflection points of the RR intervals series.
beatToBeatPIP
The proportion of RR intervals greater than 20ms, out of the total number of RR intervals.
beatToBeatPNN20
The proportion of RR intervals greater than 50ms, out of the total number of RR intervals.
beatToBeatPNN50
Percentage of short segments
beatToBeatPSS
The square root of the mean of the sum of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals.
beatToBeatRmssd
SD1 is a measure of the spread of RR intervals on the Poincaré plot perpendicular to the line of identity. It is an index of short-term RR interval fluctuations, i.e., beat-to-beat variability. It is equivalent (although on another scale) to RMSSD, and therefore it is redundant to report correlations with both (Ciccone, 2017).
beatToBeatSD1
The ratio between short- and long-term fluctuations of the RR intervals (SD1 divided by SD2).
beatToBeatSD1SD2
Short-term variance of contributions of accelerations (shortenings of RR intervals) (Piskorski, 2011).
beatToBeatSD1a
Short-term variance of contributions of decelerations (prolongations of RR intervals) (Piskorski, 2011).
beatToBeatSD1d
Measure of the spread of RR intervals on the Poincaré plot along the line of identity. It is an index of long-term RR interval fluctuations.
beatToBeatSD2
The standard deviation of average RR intervals extracted from 1-minute segments of time series data.
beatToBeatSDANN1
The standard deviation of average RR intervals extracted from 2-minutes segments of time series data.
beatToBeatSDANN2
The standard deviation of average RR intervals extracted from 5-minutes segments of time series data.
beatToBeatSDANN5
The standard deviation of the RR intervals.
beatToBeatSDNN
The mean of the standard deviations of RR intervals extracted from 2-minutes segments of time series data.
beatToBeatSDNNI
The mean of the standard deviations of RR intervals extracted from 1-minute segments of time series data.
beatToBeatSDNNI1
The mean of the standard deviations of RR intervals extracted from 5-minutes segments of time series data.
beatToBeatSDNNI5
Total variance of contributions of accelerations (shortenings of RR intervals) (Piskorski, 2011).
beatToBeatSDNNa
Total variance of contributions of decelerations (prolongations of RR intervals) (Piskorski, 2011).
beatToBeatSDNNd
The standard deviation of the successive differences between RR intervals.
beatToBeatSDSD
Slope Index, defined as the phase angle of points above LI divided by the phase angle of all points in Poincaré plot except those that are located on LI.
beatToBeatSI
Whether a patient smoked before the age of 20.
before20Years
The year in which a person was born. [Definition Source: NCI]
birthYear
BMR kilocalories registered by the wearable device. [uom: kcal]
bmrKilocalories
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Total Score.
bmvtrTotal
Weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres, used esp. as an indicator of obesity or general nutritional status; also called Quetelet index; abbreviated BMI. [Definition Source: Oxford English Dictionary]
bodyMassIndex
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for bowel and bladder functions.
bowelAndBladderEDSS
Whether the relapse involved bowel and bladder functions.
bowelAndBladderRelapse
The level of brain atrophy (cerebral atrophy) found in the brain of the patient shown by the MRI.
brainAtrophyMRI
Whether the relapse involved the brainstem functions.
brainstemRelapse
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for brainstem functions.
brainstemEDSS
Whether the patient experienced bulbar onset, which means he or she first notice speech or swallowing problems. [Definition Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]
bulbarOnset
Bulbar ALSFRS subscore. Sum of items: 1, 2 and 3.
bulbarSubscore
High
The burden of T2 lesions showed in the MRI.
burdenT1Lesions
The burden of T1 lesions showed in the MRI.
burdenT2Lesions
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Immediate Recall Trial 1 Score.
bvmtrTrial1
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Immediate Recall Trial 2 Score.
bvmtrTrial2
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Immediate Recall Trial 3 Score.
bvmtrTrial3
Whether a patient ever had a cardiac disease.
cardiacDisease
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for cerebellar functions.
cerebellarEDSS
Whether the relapse involved the celebellar functions.
cerebellarRelapse
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for cerebral functions.
cerebralEDSS
Whether a patient had a cervical spine surgery.
cervicalSpineSurgery
Whether a patient had a cervical trauma.
cervicalTrauma
The description of a clinical trial.
clinicalTrialDescription
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) evaluated by the physician.
clinicallyEvaluatedEDSS
Cognitive phenotype is defined as the broad set of measurable parameters associated with cognition, including not only behavioral symptoms and specific neurocognitive probes, but also physiological and structural indices which we can use to characterize cognitive function at the neural systems. [Source: doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3846-5_4]
cognitivePhenotype
Whether the relapse involved the mental functions.
cognitiveRelapse
The severity of a comorbidity.
comorbiditySeverity
The treatment used for the comorbidity.
comorbidityTreatment
The name of the hematopoietic component tested in the laboratory test result.
componentName
Raw air pollution concentration measured by the Sensing Device.
concentrationMeasurement
The calendar date of the end of the registered conditon.
conditionEnd
The calendar date of the start of the registered conditon.
conditionStart
Whether the MRI detected the presence of extended contiguous lesions equal to or greater than three vertical segments.
contiguousLesionsMRI
California Verbal Learning Test Total Corrected Score.
cvltIITotalCorrect
California Verbal Learning Test Total Interferences Score.
cvltIITotalInterferences
California Verbal Learning Test Total Perseverations Score.
cvltIITotalPerseverations
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 1 Corrected Score.
cvltIITrial1Correct
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 1 Interferences Score.
cvltIITrial1Interferences
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 1 Perseverations Score.
cvltIITrial1Perseverations
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 2 Corrected Score.
cvltIITrial2Correct
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 2 Interferences Score.
cvltIITrial2Interferences
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 2 Perseverations Score.
cvltIITrial2Perseverations
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 3 Corrected Score.
cvltIITrial3Correct
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 3 Interferences Score.
cvltIITrial3Interferences
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 3 Perseverations Score.
cvltIITrial3Perseverations
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 4 Corrected Score.
cvltIITrial4Correct
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 4 Interferences Score.
cvltIITrial4Interferences
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 4 Perseverations Score.
cvltIITrial4Perseverations
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 5 Corrected Score.
cvltIITrial5Correct
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 5 Interferences Score.
cvltIITrial5Interferences
California Verbal Learning Test Trial 5 Perseverations Score.
cvltIITrial5Perseverations
The number of cigarettes smoked in one day on average.
dailyCigarettes
The circumstance or condition that results in the death of a living being. [Definition Source: NCI]
deathCause
The calendar date of subject's death. [Definition Source: NCI]
deathDate
Deep sleep duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
deepSleepDuration
The preferred hand of use for controlled and efficient performance of motor tasks. [Definition Source: NCI]
dextricity
Whether a patient ever had diabetes.
diabetes
A standard from which a judgment concerning a medical diagnosis can be established. [Definition Source: NCI]
diagnosticCriteria
Criteria for the diagnosis. Possible values are: {Diagnosed MS, Neuromyelitis optica, NA}
diagnosticCriteriaLabel
The Difference (in days) between the date of diagnosis and the date of onset. (diagnosis_date-onset_date)
diagnosticDelay
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. [Definition Source: MSH]
diet
Hand Dextrcity on dominant hand (Trial 1).
dominantHandTrial1
Hand Dextrcity on dominant hand (Trial 2).
dominantHandTrial2
Whether the hand dextricity was performed on the dominant hand.
dominantHandTrialDone
Whether a patient ever had dyslipidemia.
dyslipidemia
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen ALS non-specific Score.
ecasALSnonSpecificScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen ALS-specific Score.
ecasALSspecificScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Carer Interview Score.
ecasCarerInterviewScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Executive Alteration score.
ecasExecutiveAlternation
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Executive Fluency of Letter S Score.
ecasExecutiveFluencyS
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Executive Fluency of Letter T Score.
ecasExecutiveFluencyT
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Executive Score.
ecasExecutiveScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Executive Sentence Completion Score.
ecasExecutiveSentenceCompletion
Whether during the ECAS test a carer interview was performed.
ecasHasCarerInterview
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Language Comprehension Score.
ecasLanguageComprehension
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Language Naming Score.
ecasLanguageNaming
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Language Score.
ecasLanguageScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Language Spelling score.
ecasLanguageSpelling
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Memory Delayed Recall Score.
ecasMemoryDelayedRecall
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Memory Delayed Recognition Score.
ecasMemoryDelayedRecognition
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Memory Immediate Recall Score.
ecasMemoryImmediateRecall
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Memory Score.
ecasMemoryScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Psychosis Screen Score.
ecasPsychosisScreenScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Reverse Digit Span Score.
ecasReverseDigitSpan
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Social Cognition Score.
ecasSocialCognition
Whether the patient presents apathy or inertia symptoms.
ecasSymptomsApathyOrInertia
Whether the patient presents symptoms change from previous behaviour.
ecasSymptomsChangePrevBehaviour
Whether the patient presents disinhibition symptoms.
ecasSymptomsDisinhibition
Whether the patient presents hyperorality symptoms.
ecasSymptomsHyperorality
Whether the patient presents loss sympathy or empathy symptoms.
ecasSymptomsLossSympathyOrEmpathy
Whether the patient presents perseverative stereotyped symptoms.
ecasSymptomsPerseverativeSterotyped
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Total Score.
ecasTotalScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Verbal Fluency score.
ecasVerbalFluencyScore
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Visuospatial Cube Counting Score.
ecasVisuospatialCubeCounting
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Visuospatial Dot Counting Score.
ecasVisuospatialDotCounting
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Visuospatial Number Location Score.
ecasVisuospatialNumberLocation
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen Visuospatial Score.
ecasVisuospatialScore
An indication of the years of schooling completed in graded public, private, or parochial schools, and in colleges, universities, or professional schools. [Definition Source: NCI]
educationLevel
The reason for the interruption of the subject's participation in a clinical trial.
The reason for the interruption of the therapeutic treatment.
endTherapyReason
The calendar date of the end of the event.
eventEnd
The calendar date of the start of the event.
eventStart
Whether a patient has ever smoked or not.
everSmoked
The body location of the evoked potential test.
evokedPotentialsLocation
Locations "upper left/upper right/lower left/lower right" can only be used for Evoked Potentials of type 'somatosensory' or 'motor'.
The evoked potential function test result.
evokedPotentialsResponse
Whether the test was a Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP), Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) or Motor Evoked Potential (MEP).
evokedPotentialsType
Difficulty seeing
Dropped PEG
Has a Cold
Other
Talked
The factors that affected the hand dextricity test.
factorsAffectedHandTrial
Whether someone in the patient's faimily suffered from ALS. This property only applies to ALS patients.
familiarHistoryALS
Floors climbed registered by the wearable device.
floorsClimbed
Floors climbed goal registered by the wearable device.
floorsClimbedGoal
Whether the MRI detected some gadolinium-enhanced lesions in T1.
gadoliniumLesionsT1MRI
The number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions in T1.
gadoliniumLesionsT1MRINumber
Whether the patient experienced generalized onset, that are widespread symptoms.
generalizedOnset
A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for nearly the entire genome of an individual. [Definition Source: NCI]
genomeSequencing
A quantitative measurement of blood sugar present in a sample of CSF. Unit of measure : [mg/l].
glucoseCSF
Whether other disease processes has been excluded. [Source: doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.005 ]
goldCoastExcludingOthers
Whether the patient presents progressive motor impairment documented by history or repeated clinical assessment, preceded by normal motor function. [Source: doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.005 ]
goldCoastProgressiveMotorImpairment
Whether the patient presents UMN and LMN signs in at least one body region. [Source: doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.005 ]
goldCoastUMNandLMN
The percentage of granulocytes present in a sample of CSF. Unit of measure : [%].
granulocytesCSF
Whether a patient had a major trauma before the disease onset.
hadMajorTrauma
Whether the patient had a surgical intervention before the disease onset.
hadSurgicalIntervention
Whether the patient has the menstrual cycle.
hasMenstrualCycle
Whether the gene tested positive or negative for mutations during genetic testing.
hasMutation
Whether a patient had a surgery in the head and neck area.
headNeckSurgery
Whether a patient had an head trauma.
headTrauma
Distance or measurement from the base upwards; altitude; stature (of the human body). [Source: Oxford English Dictionary]
height
High stress duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
highStressDuration
Crutches
Fully ambulatory
Orthosis
Walker
Walking stick
Wheelchair
The ambulatory status of the patient within the house. (e.g., whether they walk on their own or they need assistive devices)
homeWalkingStatus
Whether a patient ever had hypertension.
hypertension
A quantitative measurement of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) present in a sample of CSF. Unit of measure : [mg/l].
immunoglobulinGCSF
Intensity duration goal registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
intensityDurationGoal
Whether the patient has a regular menstrual cycle.
isMenstrualCycleRegular
The patient's disease stage according to the King's Staging System.
kingsValue
Whether the MRI detected some lesions in T1.
lesionsT1MRI
Whether the MRI detected some lesions in T2.
lesionsT2MRI
A quantitative measurement of leukocytes present in a sample of CSF. Unit of measure : [/mm3].
leukocytesCountCSF
Light sleep duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
lightSleepDuration
Whether the patient experienced limb onset, which menas symptoms began in the arms or legs. [Definition Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]
limbsOnset
The parameter corresponding to the linear trend of heart rate.
linearTrendHeartRate
Low stress duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
lowStressDuration
Whether a patient had a lower limb surgery.
lowerLimbSurgery
Whether a patient had a lumbo sacral spine surgery.
lumboSacralSpineSurgery
Whether a patient had a lumbo sacral trauma.
lumboSacralTrauma
The percentage of lymphocytes present in a sample of CSF. Unit of measure : [%].
lymphocytesCSF
A demographic parameter indicating a person's current conjugal status. [Definition Source: NCI]
maritalStatus
Max heart rate registered by the wearable device. [uom: bpm]
maxHeartRate
Max stress level registered by the wearable device.
maxStressLevel
The time at which maximum heart rate occurs.
maxTimeHeartRate
The level of the hematopoietic component measured in the laboratory test result.
measuredLevel
This data property is populated only for numeric-valued test results.
Air pollution concentration value with seasonal components and noise removed.
measurementCalibrated
Medium stress duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
mediumStressDuration
An indicator as to whether the female subject is in menopause. [Defintion source: NCI]
menopauseStatus
How many meters the patient walked in the first minute.
metersWalkedFirstMin
How many meters the patient walked in two minutes.
metersWalkedTwoMins
Min heart rate registered by the wearable device. [uom: bpm]
minHeartRate
The time at which minimum heart rate occurs.
minTimeHeartRate
The patient's disease stage according to the MiToS staging system.
mitosValue
Moderate intensity duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
moderateIntensityDuration
Whether a patient lost more than 10% of his or her body weight.
moreThan10PercentWeightloss
Motor ALSFRS subscore. Sum of items: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
motorSubscore
The Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease course identified in the patient.
multipleSclerosisType
This data property is used only for MS patients.
The type of mutation observed in the gene during genetic testing.
Whether a patient had a neck trauma.
neckTrauma
Whether the MRI detected new or enlarged gadolinium-enhanced lesions in T2 since the last MRI.
newOrEnlargedLesionsT2MRI
The number of new or enlarged gadolinium-enhanced lesions in T2 since the last MRI.
newOrEnlargedLesionsT2MRINumber
Hand Dextrcity on non-dominant hand (Trial 1).
nonDominantHandTrial1
Hand Dextrcity on non-dominant hand (Trial 2).
nonDominantHandTrial2
nonDominantHandTrialDone
Whether the measured level is within the normal range for the tested hematopoietic component.
normalLevel
An open box for adding notes about the patient.
notes
The number of spinal cord lesions showed in the MRI.
numberSpinalCordLesions
The number of oligoclonal bands present in the specimen.
oligoclonalBandsNumber
Whether the tested specimen presents oligoclonal bands.
oligoclonalBandsPresence
Whether the oligoclonal bands were found in CSF or in CSF & serum.
oligoclonalBandsType
The time elapsed since the occurrence of an event that happened before the onset.
onsetElapsedTime
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale. Sum of items: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and old10.
originalALSFRS
Other factors that affected the hand dextricity test.
otherFactorsAffectedHandTrial
Other symptoms experienced by the patient during onset.
otherOnset
Other functional systems involved in the relapse.
otherRelapse
The ambulatory status of the patient when walking outside. (e.g., whether they walk on their own or they need assistive devices)
outsideWalkingStatus
Quantificator of lifetime tobacco exposure defined as: (number of cigarettes smoked per day) X (number of years smoked)/20.
packYear
The calendar date of the end of subject's partiicpation in a clinical trial.
participationEnd
The calendar date of the start of subject's partiicpation in a clinical trial.
participationStart
Whether the JC virus detected in the CSF specimen is pathological.
pathologicalJCCSF
This data property can only be populated in "visuJCTestedCSF" has value True.
Whether a patient had a pelivc surgery.
pelvicSurgery
The observable properties present during a disease. [Definition Source: NCI]
phenotype
The type of populated area that better describe the place.
placeArea
Whether the laboratory test result was positive or not.
positivityResult
This data property is only populated for positive/negative laboratory test result.
Whether the patient predominantly presents distal limbs impairment or proximal limbs impairment.
predominantLimbsImpairment
This data property is used only for ALS patients.
The side of the body that predominantly presents limb impariment.
predominantLimbsSide
Whether the patient presents a predominance of lower motor neuron, upper motor neuron or both.
predominantMotorNeuron
Any kind of complication related to the pregnancy.
pregnancyComplications
The calendar date in which the pregnancy ended.
pregnancyEnd
The event that ended the pregnancy.
pregnancyEndEvent
The calendar date in which the pregnancy started.
pregnancyStart
Whether a patient ever had a primary neoplasm.
primaryNeoplasm
Privacy preserving date computed according to an algorithm used to extract public instances.
privacyPreservingDate
Privacy preserving death date computed according to an algorithm used to extract public instances.
privacyPreservingDeathDate
The calendar date of the end of an intervention or procedure.
procedureEnd
The calendar start of an intervention or procedure.
procedureStart
A quantitative measurement of proteins present in a sample of CSF [ mg/l].
proteinsCSF
Occlusion pressure at 100 ms (P0.1) is defined as the negative pressure measured 100 ms after the initiation of an inspiratory effort performed against a closed respiratory circuit. [Definition Source: Beloncle, F., Piquilloud, L., Olivier, PY. et al. Accuracy of P0.1 measurements performed by ICU ventilators: a bench study. Ann. Intensive Care 9, 104 (2019)]
pulmonaryAOPAbs
Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is the amount of air expired in six seconds of the FVC test. [Definition Source: John Hopkins Medicine]
pulmonaryFEV6
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) when patient is lied down.
pulmonaryFVCLyingDown
Percentage of FVC lying down.
pulmonaryFVCLyingDownPercentage
The percentage of Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the amount of air exhaled forcefully and quickly after inhaling as much as you can. [Defintion Source: John Hopkins Medicine]
pulmonaryFVCRel
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) when patient is sitted.
pulmonaryFVCSitting
Percentage of FVC sitting
pulmonaryFVCSittingPercentage
Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) is the greatest amount of pressure that can be generated by exhaling against a mouthpiece, which is a measure of the strength of respiratory muscles. [Definition Source: NCI] (uom: CMH2O)
pulmonaryMEP
Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) is the highest pressure that can be developed during a forceful expiratory effort against an occluded airway. It is usually measured at maximal inspiration and reported as a positive number in either cm H2O or mmHg. [Definition Source: The University of Texas Medical Branch]
pulmonaryMEPAbs
Percentage of MEP.
pulmonaryMEPpercentage
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) is the greatest amount of pressure that can be generated during inhalation against a fully occluded airway, which is used to measure the strength of respiratory muscles. [Definition Source: NCI]
pulmonaryMIP
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) is the lowest pressure developed during a forceful inspiration against an occluded airway. It is usually measured at maximal expiration and recorded as a negative number in either cm H2O or mmHg. [Definition Source: The University of Texas Medical Branch]
pulmonaryMIPAbs
Percentage of MIP.
pulmonaryMIPpercentage
Maximal Negative Inspiratory Pressure (NIP) measures the strength of the diaphragm and other muscles of inspiration and reflects the ability to maintain normal lung expansion and avoid atelectasis. [Definition Source: doi.org/10.1016/B978-032304841-5.50067-4 ]
pulmonaryNIP
Peak Cough Flow (PCF) is the maximum rate of air flow expelled through the mouth, endotracheal, or tracheostomy tube during a cough. [Definition Source: NCI]
pulmonaryPCF
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. This is a sensitive indication of the efficiency or level of ventilation of the lungs. [Definition Source: Collins Dictionary of Medicine]
pulmonaryPCO2
The partial pressure of oxigen (PO2) is the concentration of oxygen in the blood. This commonly measured parameter is an important indicator of the efficiency with which oxygen is transferred from atmosphere to blood. [Definition Source: Collins Dictionary of Medicine]
pulmonaryPO2
Vital capacity (VC) is the total volume of air that can be exhaled after inhaling as much as you can. [Definition Source: John Hopkins Medicine]
pulmonaryVCAbs
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for pyramidal functions.
pyramidalEDSS
Whether the relapse involved the pyramidal functions.
pyramidalRelapse
The parameter corresponding to the curvature of heart rate.
quadraticTrendHeartRate
When the questionnaire was submitted.
questionnaireSubmitted
CSF/serum albumin ratio is performed to understand the blood–CSF barrier disruption. [Defintion Source: Luque, Francisco A, and Stephen L Jaffe. “Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in multiple sclerosis.” International review of neurobiology vol. 79 (2007)]
quotientAlbuminCSF
The quality of the quadratic model.
r2HeartRate
Why the patient has an irregular menstrual cycle.
reasonIrregularCycle
Why the patient has no menstrual cycle. (e.g., menopause)
reasonNoMenstrualCycle
The reason the walk test was not completed.
reasonWalkTestNotCompleted
Whether the relapse required treatment in an ambulatory care clinic.
relapseClinicalTherapy
Whether the relapse required a cortisone therapy.
relapseCortisoneTherapy
The number of days the relapse lasted.
relapseDuration
The calendar date of the end of the relapse.
relapseEnd
Whether the relapse required an hospital admission.
relapseHospitalAdmission
Whether the relapse afftecd the Activity of Daily Living (ADL).
relapseImpactOnADL
How much the patient recovered from the relapse.
relapseRecovery
Whether the patient presented symptoms continuing in time, maybe less severe.
relapseSequela
The severity of the relapse.
relapseSeverity
The calendar date of the start of the relapse.
relapseStart
Privacy preserving end date computed according to an algorithm used to extract public instances.
relativeEndDate
Privacy preserving start date computed according to an algorithm used to extract public instances.
relativeStartDate
REM sleep duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
remSleep
The sample entropy
repirationSampEn
The calendar end date of the patient's residence in a specific geographical location.
residenceEnd
The calendar start date of the patient's residence in a specific geographical location.
residenceStart
Multifractal DFA. DimMean is the mean of singularity dimensions.
respirationAlpha1DimMean
Multifractal DFA. DimRange is the range of singularity dimensions, corresponding to the height of the singularity spectrum.
respirationAlpha1DimRange
Multifractal DFA of short-term fluctuations. ExpMean is the mean of singularity exponents.
respirationAlpha1ExpMean
Multifractal DFA of short-term fluctuations. ExpRange is the range of singularity exponents, corresponding to the width of the singularity spectrum.
respirationAlpha1ExpRange
respirationAlpha2DimMean
respirationAlpha2DimRange
Multifractal DFA of long-term fluctuations. ExpMean is the mean of singularity exponents.
respirationAlpha2ExpMean
Multifractal DFA of long-term fluctuations. ExpRange is the range of singularity exponents, corresponding to the width of the singularity spectrum.
respirationAlpha2ExpRange
The approximate entropy
respirationApEn
The “short-term” fluctuation value generated from Detrended Fluctuation Analysis i.e. the root mean square deviation from the fitted trend of the breath-to-breath intervals. Will only be computed if there are more than 160 breath cycles in the respiratory rate.
respirationDFAalpha1
The long-term fluctuation value. Will only be computed if there are more than 640 breath cycles in the respiratory rate.
respirationDFAalpha2
The root mean square of successive differences of the breath-to-breath intervals.
respirationRMSSD
A measure of the spread of breath-to-breath intervals on the Poincaré plot perpendicular to the line of identity. It is an index of short-term variability.
respirationSD1
SD2 is a measure of the spread of breath-to-breath intervals on the Poincaré plot along the line of identity. It is an index of long-term variability.
respirationSD2
The ratio between short- and long-term fluctuations of the breath-to-breath intervals (SD2 divided by SD1).
respirationSD2SD1
The standard deviation of the breath-to-breath intervals.
respirationSDBB
The standard deviation of the successive differences between adjacent
respirationSDSD
Respiratory ALSFRS subscore. Sum of items: 10, 11 and 12.
respiratorySubscore
Rest stress duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
restStressDuration
Resting heart rate registered by the wearable device. [uom: bpm]
restingHeartRate
An indicator of whether the patient was retired at the time of diagnosis.
retiredAtDiagnosis
Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale. Sum of items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
Symbol Digital Modalities Test corrected.
sdmtCorrect
Symbol Digital Modalities Test raw score.
sdmtIncorrect
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for sensory functions.
sensoryEDSS
Whether the relapse involved sensory functions.
sensoryRelapse
The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female. [Definition Source: NCI]
sex
The feeling an individual has about their own sexual preferences and how those views are acted upon. [Definition Source: NCI]
sexuality
The slope of the ALSFRS-R score between time-of-onset and Time 0 computed as: (48-ALSFRSR(Time0))/(Time0-TimeOnset)
slope
The number of smokers the patient lives or works with.
smokersNumber
Living with smokers
Smoker
Working with smokers
Type of smoking exposition.
smokingExpositionType
Whether the MRI showed spinal cord lesions.
spinalCordLesions
Cumulative area of desaturations under the 100% SpO2 level as baseline and normalized by the total recording time
spo2AOD100
The area under the oxygen desaturation event curve, using the maximum SpO2 value as baseline and normalized by the total recording time
spo2AODMax
Average of the pulse oximetry.
spo2AV
Integral SpO2 below the 90% SpO2 level normalized by the total recording time
spo2CA
Percentage of the time spent below the 90% oxygen saturation level.
spo2CT
Delta Index.
spo2DI
Percentage of the pulse oximetry 90% below median oxygen saturation.
spo2M
Median of the pulse oximetry.
spo2MED
Minimum value of the pulse oximetry.
spo2Min
The average number of desaturation events per hour (int).
spo2ODI
Percentile (90th)
spo2P
Percentage of oxygen desaturation events
spo2POD
SpO2 range (difference between the max and min value).
spo2RG
Standard deviation of the pulse oximetry.
spo2SD
Number of zero-crossing points.
spo2ZC
The standard deviation of the heart rate after stimulus onset.
stdHeartRate
Total steps within the considered segment of data and between 12 AM and 6 AM daily
steps12am6am
Total steps within the considered segment of data and between 12 PM and 6 PM
steps12pm6pm
Total steps within the considered segment of data and between 6 AM and 12 PM
steps6am12pm
Stress duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
stressDuration
Stress qualifier registered by the wearable device.
stressQualifier
Whether a patient ever had a stroke.
stroke
The exposure to incident light from the sun. [Definition Source: NCI]
sunExposure
The clinical name of the symptom.
symptomClinicalName
When the symptom ended.
symptomEnd
The severity of the symptom.
symptomGrade
When the symptom started.
symptomStart
Defines the symptom's category.
symptomType
The numerical value associated with the symptom, e.g., the temperature fever.
symptomValue
Whether a patient had a thoracic spine surgery.
thoracicSpineSurgery
Whether a patient had a thoracic surgery.
thoracicSurgery
Whether a patient had a thoracic trauma.
thoracicTrauma
Whether a patient ever had a thyroid disorder.
thyroidDisorder
Sum of active and basal calories
totalCalories
The total number of lesions in T2 detected with the MRI.
totalLesionsT2MRI
Total sleep duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
totalSleepDuration
The calendar date in which the trauma occurred.
traumaDate
A description of the trauma
traumaDescription
The unit of measure of reference of the laboratory test result.
unitOfMeasure
Unmeasurable sleep duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
unmeasurableSleepDuration
Whether a patient had an upper limb surgery.
upperLimbSurgery
For each recorded variable, number of valid measurements in that week, ranging from 0 to 7.
validMeasurements
Vigorous intensity duration registered by the wearable device. [uom: seconds]
vigorousIntensityDuration
Whether the presence of JC virus was tested in the CSF specimen.
virusJCTestedCSF
Visual Acuity Test on the left eye.
visualAcuityLeft
Visual Acuity Test on the right eye.
visualAcuityRight
Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) score for visual (optic) functions.
visualEDSS
The amplitude for the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) wave. [Source: Wikipedia - consulted on November 25th, 2022] Unit of Measure: [uV].
visualEvokedPotentialAmplitude
This data property can only be used for Evoked Potential of type 'visual'.
The average peak latency for the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) wave at approximately 100 ms following stimulus onset. [Source: Wikipedia - consulted on November 25th, 2022] Unit of Measure: [microsec].
visualEvokedPotentialLatency
Whether the relapse involved visual functions.
visualRelapse
Whether the patient uses an assistive device for walking.
walkAssistiveDevice
The type of assistive device used for walking.
walkAssistiveDeviceUsed
Whether the walk test was completed.
walkTestNotCompleted
Time to walk 10 meters.
walkingTime10Meters
Time to take 25 steps.
walkingTime25Steps
The duration of the measurement.
wearableDataMeasurementDuration
The timestamp in which the measurement started.
wearableDataMeasurementStartTime
The number of hours per week physical activity takes place.
weeklyFrequency
Measurement of quantity by means of weighing; quantity (in the abstract) as determined in this way. [Definition Source: Oxford English Dictionary]
weight
Number of days spent over the respective World Health Organization (WHO) threshold in that week (computed as following); if there are no valid measurements in that week, it is denoted as NA. * For Carbon Monoxide (CO): if CO ≤ 4 mg/m3 then the value is 0; otherwise, it is 1 * For Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ): if NO 2 ≤ 25 µg/m3 then the value is 0; otherwise, it is 1 * For Ozone (O3): if O 3 ≤ 100 µg/m3 then the value is 0; otherwise, it is 1 * For Particulate Matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller (PM 2.5): if PM 2.5 ≤ 15 µg/m 3 then the value is 0; otherwise, it is 1 * For Particulate Matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller (PM 10 ): if PM 10 ≤ 45 µg/m3 , then the value is 0; otherwise, it is 1 * For Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ); if SO 2 ≤ 40 µg/m3 , then the value is 0; otherwise, it is 1
whoThresholdExceeded
A group of letters or numbers, or both, added to a postal address to facilitate the sorting and delivery of mail. Later also: the area designated by such a code. [Definition Source: Oxford English Dictionary]
zipCode
The zip code hashed for privacy reasons.
zipHashed
A human being. [Definition Source: NCI]
Person
Comorbidities checked for ALS patient in the BRAINTEASER study.
ALS Brainteaser Comorbidities
The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) is an instrument for evaluating the functional status of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. It can be used to monitor functional change in a patient over time. [Definition Source: Georgetown University Hospital - Medstar Health]
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS)
An active process; excludes processes and mechanisms which fulfill biological functions. [Definition Source: NCI]
Activity
In our data we refer to it as "Behaviour".
The act of the dispensing, applying, or tendering of something to another, such as administration of a medicine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Administration
Any detrimental or unintended response associated with the use of a medication in humans. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adverse Drug Reaction
Named locations of or within the body. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anatomic Site
A predetermined set of questions. [Definition Source: NCI]
Questionnaire filled using a mobile application
The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases bove the point concerned. [Definition Source: MSH]
Atmospheric Pressure
Daily Average Relative Humidity
Daily Average Sea Level Pressure
Diagnostic assessment of ALS following the Awaji reccomendations (doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.09.143).
Awaji Clinical Evaluation
The BVMT-R measures Visuospatial Memory for Patients with Head Trauma, LD, Psychiatric Disorder, and Mixed Diagnoses. [Source: https://www.parinc.com/Products/Pkey/30#:~:text=A%20Measure%20of%20Visuospatial%20Memory,to%20document%20changes%20over%20time.]
Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised
Beat-To-Beat Data registered by a wearable device.
Beat-To-Beat Data
Any event that happened to a patient before the onset.
Before Onset
Benzene concentration
The determination of the amount of carbon monoxide present in a sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carbon Monoxide concentration
A laboratory analysis of a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. [Definition Source: NCI]
CSF Analysis
The second version of California Verbal Learning Test, a neuropsychological test developed to make a comprehensive and detailed assessment of verbal learning and memory in individuals ranging in age from 16 to 89 years. [Definition Source: NCI]
California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition
An assessment of an individual's physical, mental, or emotional condition; information can be gathered from multiple sources, including physical exam, personal interview and observation, medical history, laboratory and imaging tests. [Definition Source: NCI]
Clinical Evaluation
A research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Clinical Trial
The participation in a clinical trial
Clinical Trial Participation
Institutions with an organized medical staff for the medical care, treatment, and cure of the sick and wounded, for the study of disease, and for the training of physicians, nurses, and allied health personnel. [Definition Source: NCI]
Clinics and Hospitals
The examination of the cognitive capacities or deficits of an individual through the application of tests that probe that individual's ability to perform various mental activities such as perception, learning, and reasoning. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cognitive Assessment
The coexistence of two or more disease processes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Comorbidity
A state of being, such as a state of health. [Definition Source: NCI]
Condition
A questionnaire to assess dysphagia in MS patients [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.12.021]
Dysphagia In Multiple Sclerosis
The investigation, analysis and recognition of the presence and nature of disease, condition, or injury from expressed signs and symptoms; also, the scientific determination of any kind; the concise results of such an investigation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Diagnosis
Any method that uses a visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Diagnostic Imaging
Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. [Definition Source: NCI]
Diagnostic Procedure
A condition that is relevant to human neoplasms and non-neoplastic disorders. This includes observations, test results, history and other concepts relevant to the characterization of human pathologic conditions. [Definition Source: NCI]
Disease, Disorder or Finding
The ECAS is a brief multidomain assessment originally designed for people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/Motor Neurone Disease) but is also useful in other neurodegenerative disorders. [Source: https://ecas.psy.ed.ac.uk/]
Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen
A system for quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on a standard neurological examination, the Expanded Disability Status Scale quantifies disability in seven Functional Systems (plus "Other") and assigns a Functional System Score in each. Results are ranked as steps from 0 to 10, with steps 1 through 4.5 describing MS patients who are fully ambulatory and steps 5 through 9.5 describing increasing impairment to ambulation. Step 10 refers to death due to MS. [Definition Source: NCI]
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
A standardized rating scale which is used as a measure of health outcome. This instrument is a descriptive system consisting of 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels ranging from no problem to extreme problem or incapable, which are assessed by the patient. [Definition Source: NCI]
European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale Questionnaire
The motivation for the interruption of the therapeutic treatment.
End Therapy Reason
Something that happens at a given place and time. [Definition Source: NCI]
Event
Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported. [Definition Source: MSH]
Evoked Potentials
A functional unit of heredity which occupies a specific position on a particular chromosome and serves as the template for a product that contributes to a phenotype or a biological function. [Definition Source: NCI]
Gene
The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. [Definition Source: NCI]
Genetic Testing
Global Radiation
Diagnostic assessment of ALS following the Gold Coast criteria (doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2021-003256 ).
Gold Coast Diagnosis Criteria
A group of individuals united by a common factor (e.g., geographic location, ethnicity, disease, age, gender) [Definition Source: NCI]
Group (social concept)
A standardized survey developed and copyrighted by A. S. Zigmond and R. P. Snaith in 1983, 1992, 1994 and published in the Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica journal (A.S. Zigmond and R.P. Snaith. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta psychiart. scand. 1983, 67:361-370) which is used to detect depression and anxiety in individuals in a hospital or medical outpatient clinic. This instrument is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 14 items that assess how the individual has felt over the past week. Each item as 4 response options that are associated with a score of 0 to 3. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire administered to ALS patients.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for ALS patients
Test performed to assess the ability of a person to use the fingers, hands and arms to perform a task. [Definition Source: physio-pedia.com]
Hand Dexterity
The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually expressed as beats per minute. [Definition Source: NCI]
Heart Rate Measurement
A laboratory test to measure hematopoietic components and investigate hematologic disorders in a blood sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hematology Test
A measure of the water vapor content of air. [Definition Source: NCI]
Humidity
Loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function. [Definition Source: NCI]
Impairment
An activity that produces an effect, or that is intended to alter the course of a disease in a patient or population. This is a general term that encompasses the medical, social, behavioral, and environmental acts that can have preventive, therapeutic, or palliative effects. [Definition Source: NCI]
Intervention or Procedure
The King’s staging system consists of five disease stages, with Stage 5 being death. Stages 1–3 are based upon the number of El Escorial central nervous system (CNS) regions involved in the disease, measured by weakness, wasting, spasticity, dysphagia, or dysarthria. Stage 4 is nutritional failure, defined by the requirement for gastrostomy, or respiratory failure, defined by the requirement for noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and based upon the National Institute for Clinical Excellence MND Guidelines (Supplemental Material). [Definition Source: Balendra, Rubika et al. “A standard operating procedure for King's ALS clinical staging.” Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration vol. 20,3-4 (2019): 159-164.]
King's Clinical Staging Method
The relationship between members of the same family. [Cambridge Dictionary]
Kinship
This class is always instantiated as a blank node
The type of the relationship between members of the same family.
KinshipType
For the purpose of our ontology, we only consider biological kinship. We omit the word "biological" from the invidual's labels, for example "father" refers to "biological father".
The outcome of a laboratory test. [Definition Source: NCI]
Laboratory Test Result
Events occurred in the last 5 years (from the first visit).
Last 5 Years Event
A manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lifestyle
A standardized rating scale developed by Fisk et al in 1994, which assesses how fatigue may affect a person and the impact of fatigue on quality of life. The questionnaire contains 21 questions which are scored ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). [Definition Source: NCI]
Modified Fatigue Impact Scale
Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. [Definition Source: NCI]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A standardized rating scale developed by Vickrey et al in 1995 and 1997, which combines items that are generic and disease-specific to assess quality of life and the level of physical, emotional, and cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis. The questionnaire contains 54 questions and generates 12 subscales: physical function, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, pain, emotional well-being, energy, health perceptions, social function, cognitive function, health distress, sexual function and overall quality of life. [Definition Source: NCI]
MSQOL54 Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL)-54 Instrument
Daily Maximum Temperature
Daily Mean Global Radiation
Daily Mean Temperature
Daily Mean Wind Speed
The Menstrual Cycle involves regularly recurring hormonal changes and physiologic endometrial changes during the reproductive period in human females, and some primates, and culminates in partial sloughing of the endometrium (menstruation) in the absence of fertilization. For most women, one cycle takes 28 days. [Definition Source: NCI]
Menstrual Cycle
The Milano–Torino (MiToS) Staging system comprises six stages, based on functional impairment as assessed by the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R). [Definition Source: Balendra, Rubika et al. “A standard operating procedure for King's ALS clinical staging.” Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration vol. 20,3-4 (2019): 159-164.]
Milano-Torino Functional Staging System (MiToS)
Daily Minimum Temperature
Events occured more than 5 years ago, counting from the first visit.
More Than 5 Years Event
Muscle tone assessment performed to ALS patients.
Muscle Tone ALS
Muscle Tone measured by the modified Ashworth scale. The modified Ashworth scale is a muscle tone assessment scale used to assess the resistance experienced during passive range of motion, which does not require any instrumentation and is quick to perform. [Source: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554572/]
Muscle Tone Assessment
Muscle tone assessment performed to MS patients.
Muscle Tone MS
The principal activity that a person does to earn money. [Definition Source: NCI]
Occupation
The presence of more than one immunoglobulin band in the serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid. It usually results from infectious or immunologic disorders. [Definition Source: NCI]
Oligoclonal Bands
The start, beginning, or early stages. [Definition Source: NCI]
Onset
A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. [Definition Source: NCI]
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
A broad range of tests that are performed to assess how well lungs inhale and exhale air and how efficiently they transfer oxygen into the blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pulmonary function testing
Particulate Matter <1 µm concentration
A self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a one month time interval. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
A person who receives medical attention, care, or treatment, or who is registered with medical professional or institution with the purpose to receive medical care when necessary. [Definition Source: NCI]
Any natural, endogenously-derived, synthetic or semi-synthetic compound with pharmacologic activity. A pharmacologic substance has one or more specific mechanism of action(s) through which it exerts one or more effect(s) on the human or animal body. They can be used to potentially prevent, diagnose, treat or relieve symptoms of a disease. Formulation specific agents and some combination agents are also classified as pharmacologic substances. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pharmacologic Substance
Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, walking the dog, etc. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: from NIDDK Glossary; http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/nutrit/pubs/glossary/glossaryintro.htm]
Physical Activity
Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, walking the dog, etc. [Definition Source: NCI]
Physical Activity Data
A particular part or region of space; a physical locality, a locale; a spot, a location. [Definition Source: Oxford English Dictionary]
Place
Precipitation
Daily Precipitation Sum
The state or condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body (uterus), after union of an ovum and spermatozoon, during the period from conception to birth. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pregnancy
Other important events that occur during a trial but are not driven by protocol requirements. [Definition Source: NCI]
Protocol Event
Pulmonary Function Test
Questionnaire
The return of a disease after a period of remission. [Definition Source: NCI]
Relapse
Any address at which a person dwells more than temporarily. [Definition Source: NCI]
Residence
Respiratory Data registered by a wearable device.
Respiratory Data
A standardized rating scale developed by Aaron Smith in 1982, which is used to identify individuals with neurological impairment, as well as to assess divided attention, visual scanning and motor speed. This functional test measures the time to pair abstract symbols with specific numbers with a 90 second time limit. Scoring of this test is based on the total number of correctly coded items from 0-110 in 90 seconds. [Definition Source: NCI]
Symbol Digit Modalities Functional Test
A question about an individual's sleeping. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sleep Quality
SPO2 Data registered by a wearable device.
SPO2 Data
ALSFRS-R assessed by the patient using the mobile questionnaires.
Self assessed ALSFRS-R questionnaire
A natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sleep Data
The act of puffing and/or inhaling the combustion products of a substance so as to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. [Definition Source: NCI]
Smoking
The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities. [Definition Source: NCI]
Stress Level
A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. [Definition Source: NCI]
Surgical Procedure
It defines some type of surgical procedures a patient could undergo.
Surgical Procedure Type
Subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient. [Definition Source: NCI]
Symptom
The temperature of the surroundings. [Definition Source: NCI]
Temperature
An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. [Definition Source: NCI]
Therapeutic Procedure
It defines some type of therapeutic procedures that could be administered to a patient.
Therapeutic Procedure Type
The therapeutic treatment that has been administered to a patient.
Therapeutic Treatment
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. [Definition Source: NCI]
Trauma
Comorbidities checked in a specific use-case, e.g. ALS patients in a specific study.
Use-Case Comorbidities
A psychometric response scale to assess subjective characteristics or symptoms, which relies upon a continuum of possible result values in between two fixed end-points. [Definition Source: NCI]
Visual Analogue Scale
Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire administered to ALS patients.
Visual Analogue Scale for ALS patients
Volatile Organic Compound concentration
Sharpness of vision, the ability to discern fine detail. [Definition Source: NCI]
Visual Acuity
The weight of a subject. [Definition Source: NCI]
Weight
Test performed to assess the walking abilities of patients.
Walk Test
Walk test performed to ALS patients.
Walk Test ALS
Walk test performed to MS patients.
Walk Test MS
Measurements collected by wearables.
Wearable Data Measurement
The different weather information registered by sensing devices.
Weather Data
Wind Speed
Armed forces occupations include all jobs held by members of the armed forces. Members of the armed forces are those personnel who are currently serving in the armed forces, including auxiliary services, whether on a voluntary or compulsory basis, and who are not free to accept civilian employment and are subject to military discipline. Included are regular members of the army, navy, air force and other military services, as well as conscripts enrolled for military training or other service for a specified period. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 01 Commissioned Armed Forces Officers 02 Non-commissioned Armed Forces Officers 03 Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks Excluded from this group are: - jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues; - police (other than military police); - customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.
Armed forces occupations
Commissioned armed forces officers provide leadership and management to organizational units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second lieutenant (or equivalent) or higher. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 011 Commissioned Armed Forces Officers Excluded from this group are: - jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues; - police (other than military police); - customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.
Commissioned armed forces officers
Non-commissioned armed forces officers enforce military discipline and supervise the activities of those employed in Sub-major Group 03: Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks, and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes members of the armed forces holding ranks such as sergeant, warrant officer and sergeant major. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 021 Non-commissioned Armed Forces Officers Excluded from this group are: - jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues; - police (other than military police); - customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.
Non-commissioned armed forces officers
Armed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and non-commissioned officers. They perform specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 031 Armed Forces Occupations, Other Ranks Excluded from this group are: - jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues; - police (other than military police); - customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.
Armed forces occupations, other ranks
Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations, or of organizational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level, except for Sub-major Group 14: Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers, for which skills at the third ISCO skill level are generally required. Tasks performed by managers usually include: formulating and advising on the policy, budgets, laws and regulations of enterprises, governments and other organizational units; establishing objectives and standards and formulating and evaluating programmes and policies and procedures for their implementation; ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary control; authorizing material, human and financial resources to implement policies and programmes; monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise and of its staff; selecting or approving the selection of staff; ensuring compliance with health and safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations; representing and negotiating on behalf of the government, enterprise or organizational unit managed in meetings and other forums. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 11 Chief Executives, Senior Officials and Legislators 12 Administrative and Commercial Managers 13 Production and Specialized Services Managers 14 Hospitality, Retail and Other Services Managers
Managers
Chief executives, senior officials and legislators formulate and review the policies, and plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organizations with the support of other managers. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level . Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: presiding over or participating in the proceedings of legislative bodies, boards of directors and committees; formulating and advising on the policy budgets, laws and regulations of enterprises, governments and other organizations; establishing objectives for enterprises, government departments or agencies and other organizations; formulating or approving and evaluating programmes and policies and procedures for their implementation; ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary control; authorizing material, human and financial resources to implement policies and programmes; monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise; selecting or approving the selection of senior staff; performing ceremonial duties and representing the enterprise, government, organization or community at official occasions and in meetings, negotiations, conventions and public hearings. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 111 Legislators and Senior Officials 112 Managing Directors and Chief Executives
Chief executives, senior officials and legislators
Administrative and commercial managers plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human resource, policy, planning, research and development, advertising, public relations, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: formulating and administering policy advice and strategic and financial planning; establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; implementing, monitoring and evaluating strategies and policies; providing advice to senior managers; directing the development of initiatives for new products, marketing, public relations and advertising campaigns; determining and directing sales activities, product mix and customer service standards; setting prices and credit arrangements; ensuring compliance with relevant legislation, regulations and standards; controlling selection, training and performance of staff; preparing budgets and overseeing financial operations; consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other departments or sections; controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 121 Business Services and Administration Managers 122 Sales, Marketing and Development Managers
Administrative and commercial managers
Production and specialized services managers plan, direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialized professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organization, either as the manager of a department or as the general manager of an enterprise or organization that does not have a hierarchy of managers. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations for large-scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: planning details of activities in terms of output, services provided, quality, quantity, cost, timeliness and labour requirements; setting standards and objectives; controlling the operation of plant and of procedures; assuring quality of the goods produced and services provided; preparing tenders and contract bids; establishing and managing budgets, monitoring costs, and adjusting activities, procedures and resources to minimize costs; overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment; coordinating the implementation of health and safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations; overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; preparing, or arranging for the preparation of, reports, budgets and forecasts; representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations with other agencies, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 131 Production Managers in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 132 Manufacturing, Mining, Construction and Distribution Managers 133 Information and Communications Technology Services Managers 134 Professional Services Managers
Production and specialised services managers
Hospitality, retail and other services managers plan, organize and direct the operations of establishments which provide accommodation, hospitality, retail and other services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: planning and organizing special functions, sporting, gaming and entertainment activities and the range and mix of products, stock levels and service standards; promoting and selling goods and services; observing liquor, gaming, health and other laws and regulations; developing and reviewing policies, programmes and procedures concerning customer relations and goods and services provided; promoting facilities for conferences, conventions and trade shows to potential customers; organizing the purchase and maintenance of transport vehicles, equipment and fuel, and transporting goods; controlling the selection, training and supervision of staff; ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 141 Hotel and Restaurant Managers 142 Retail and Wholesale Trade Managers 143 Other Services Managers
Hospitality, retail and other services managers
Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge; apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories; teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner; or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by professionals usually include: conducting analysis and research, and developing concepts, theories and operational methods; advising on or applying existing knowledge related to physical sciences, mathematics, engineering and technology, life sciences, medical and health services, social sciences and humanities; teaching the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; teaching and educating persons with learning difficulties or special needs; providing various business, legal and social services; creating and performing works of art; providing spiritual guidance; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 21 Science and Engineering Professionals 22 Health Professionals 23 Teaching Professionals 24 Business and Administration Professionals 25 Information and Communications Technology Professionals 26 Legal, Social and Cultural Professionals
Professionals
Science and engineering professionals conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: conducting research, enlarging, advising on or applying scientific knowledge obtained through the study of structures and properties of physical matter and phenomena, chemical characteristics and processes of various substances, materials and products, all forms of human, animal and plant life and of mathematical and statistical concepts and methods; advising on, designing and directing construction of buildings, towns and traffic systems, or civil engineering and industrial structures, as well as machines and other equipment; advising on and applying mining methods and ensuring their optimum use; surveying land and sea and making maps; studying and advising on technological aspects of particular materials, products and processes, and on efficiency of production and work organization; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 211 Physical and Earth Science Professionals 212 Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians 213 Life Science Professionals 214 Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology) 215 Electrotechnology Engineers 216 Architects, Planners, Surveyors and Designers
Science and engineering professionals
Health professionals conduct research,; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; and apply scientific knowledge relating to medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and promotion of health. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: conducting research and obtaining scientific knowledge through the study of human and animal disorders and illnesses and ways of treating them; advising on or applying preventive and curative measures, or promoting health; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 221 Medical Doctors 222 Nursing and Midwifery Professionals 223 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Professionals 224 Paramedical Practitioners 225 Veterinarians 226 Other Health Professionals
Health professionals
Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline; and prepare scholarly papers and books. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: conducting classes, courses, or tutorials at a particular educational level for educational and vocational purposes, including private lessons; conducting adult literacy programmes; teaching and educating persons with learning difficulties or special needs; designing and modifying curricula; inspecting and advising on teaching methods and aids; participating in decisions concerning the organization of teaching and related activities at schools and universities; conducting research in particular subjects to improve or develop concepts, theories or operational methods for application in industrial and other fields; preparing scholarly papers and books. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 231 University and Higher Education Teachers 232 Vocational Education Teachers 233 Secondary Education Teachers 234 Primary School and Early Childhood Teachers 235 Other Teaching Professionals
Teaching professionals
Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations, marketing and sales in the technical, medical, information and communications technology areas; and conduct reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programmes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: collecting, analysing and interpreting information on the financial viability, cost structures and trading effectiveness of organizations; conducting audits, preparing financial statements and controlling treasury systems for organizations; developing and reviewing financial plans and strategies, executing buy and sell orders, and negotiating the purchase and sale of commodities; developing, implementing and evaluating staff recruitment, training and development programmes; researching, developing and implementing marketing and public relations campaigns; studying and developing methods and policies to improve and promote government and business operations and effectiveness; acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’ and competitors’ goods and services, and of market conditions; assessing customers’ needs and explaining and demonstrating goods and services to them. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 241 Finance Professionals 242 Administration Professionals 243 Sales, Marketing and Public Relations Professionals
Business and administration professionals
Information and communications technology professionals conduct research; plan, design, write, test, provide advice and improve information technology systems, hardware, software and related concepts for specific applications; develop associated documentation including principles, policies and procedures; and design, develop, control, maintain and support databases and other information systems to ensure optimal performance and data integrity and security. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: researching information technology use in business functions; identifying areas for improvement and researching the theoretical aspects and operational methods for the use of computers; evaluating, planning and designing hardware or software configurations for specific applications including for Internet, Intranet and multimedia systems; designing, writing, testing and maintaining computer programs; designing and developing database architecture and database management systems; developing and implementing security plans and data administration policy, and administering computer networks and related computing environments; analysing, developing, interpreting and evaluating complex system design and architecture specifications, data models and diagrams in the development, configuration and integration of computer systems. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 251 Software and Applications Developers and Analysts 252 Database and Network Professionals
Information and communications technology professionals
Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods; or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artefacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and arts and entertainment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: conducting research on legal problems; drafting laws and regulations; advising clients on legal cases; pleading and conducting cases in a court of law; presiding over judicial proceedings in a court of law; developing and maintaining library and gallery collections of archives; conducting research, improving or developing concepts, theories and operational methods or applying knowledge relating to the field of social sciences; conceiving, creating and performing in literary and artistic works; interpreting and communicating news, ideas, impressions and facts. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 261 Legal Professionals 262 Librarians, Archivists and Curators 263 Social and Religious Professionals 264 Authors, Journalists and Linguists 265 Creative and Performing Artists
Legal, social and cultural professionals
Technicians and associate professionals perform technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by technicians and associate professionals usually include: undertaking and carrying out technical work connected with research and the application of concepts and operational methods in the fields of physical sciences including engineering and technology, life sciences including the medical profession, and social sciences and humanities; initiating and carrying out various technical services related to trade, finance and administration including administration of government laws and regulations, and to social work; providing technical support for the arts and entertainment; participating in sporting activities; executing some religious tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 31 Science and Engineering Associate Professionals 32 Health Associate Professionals 33 Business and Administration Associate Professionals 34 Legal, Social, Cultural and Related Associate Professionals 35 Information and Communications Technicians
Technicians and associate professionals
Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: setting up, monitoring and operating instruments and equipment, conducting and monitoring experiments and tests of systems; collecting and testing samples; recording observations and analysing data; preparing, revising and interpreting technical drawings and diagrams; coordinating, supervising, controlling and scheduling the activities of other workers; operating and monitoring switchboards, computerized control systems, and multi-function process control machinery; performing technical functions to ensure safe and efficient movement and operations in ships, aircraft and other equipment. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 311 Physical and Engineering Science Technicians 312 Mining, Manufacturing and Construction Supervisors 313 Process Control Technicians 314 Life Science Technicians and Related Associate Professionals 315 Ship and Aircraft Controllers and Technicians
Science and engineering associate professionals
Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support implementation of health care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in the sub-major group usually include: testing and operating medical imaging equipment and administering radiation therapy; performing clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues; preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the guidance of pharmacists; designing, fitting, servicing and repairing medical and dental devices and appliances; providing nursing and personal care and midwifery support services; using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 321 Medical and Pharmaceutical Technicians 322 Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals 323 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Associate Professionals 324 Veterinary Technicians and Assistants 325 Other Health Associate Professionals
Health associate professionals
Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include recording and transmitting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other financial instruments and for foreign exchange for future or immediate delivery; submitting credit and loan applications to management with recommendations for approval or rejection; approving or rejecting applications within authorized limits ensuring that credit standards of the institution are respected; maintaining complete records of all financial transactions of an undertaking according to general bookkeeping principles, with guidance from accountants; assisting in planning and performing mathematical, statistical, actuarial, accounting and related calculations; selling and buying financial instruments. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 331 Financial and Mathematical Associate Professionals 332 Sales and Purchasing Agents and Brokers 333 Business Services Agents 334 Administrative and Specialized Secretaries 335 Government Regulatory Associate Professionals
Business and administration associate professionals
Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to legal services, social work, culture, food preparation, sport and religion. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: providing technical and practical services and support functions in legal processes and investigations, social and community assistance programmes, and religious and cultural activities; participating and adjudicating in sporting events; developing and delivering sports coaching, fitness and recreational programmes; combining creative and technical skills in a variety of artistic, cultural and culinary activities; creating dishes and menus and overseeing the preparation of meals. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 341 Legal, Social and Religious Associate Professionals 342 Sports and Fitness Workers 343 Artistic, Cultural and Culinary Associate Professionals
Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals
Information and communications technicians provide support for the day-to-day running of computer systems, communications systems and networks, and perform technical tasks related to telecommunications, broadcast image and sound as well as other types of telecommunications signals on land, sea or in aircraft. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the third ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: providing assistance to information and communications systems users; installing new programs and equipment; establishing, operating and maintaining network and other data communications systems; installing, monitoring and supporting Internet and Intranet websites or web server hardware or software; modifying web pages; and performing web server backup and recovery operations; controlling equipment to record sound, edit and mix image and sound recordings; controlling and maintaining transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for radio and television programmes; controlling and maintaining radio communications systems, satellite services and multiplex systems on land, sea or in aircraft; providing technical assistance connected with research and development of computer systems and telecommunications equipment, or testing prototypes; designing and preparing blueprints of circuitry according to the specifications given; providing technical supervision of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 351 Information and Communications Technology Operations and User Support Technicians 352 Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technicians
Information and communications technicians
Clerical support workers record, organize, store, compute and retrieve information, and perform a number of clerical duties in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by clerical support workers usually include: stenography, typing, and operating word processors and other office machines; entering data into computers; carrying out secretarial duties; recording and computing numerical data; keeping records relating to stocks, production and transport; keeping records relating to passenger and freight transport; carrying out clerical duties in libraries; filing documents; carrying out duties in connection with mail services; preparing and checking material for printing; assisting persons who cannot read or write with correspondence; performing money-handling operations; dealing with travel arrangements; supplying information requested by clients and making appointments; operating a telephone switchboard. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 41 General and Keyboard Clerks 42 Customer Services Clerks 43 Numerical and Material Recording Clerks 44 Other Clerical Support Workers
Clerical support workers
General and keyboard clerks record, organize, store and retrieve information and perform a wide range of clerical and administrative tasks according to established procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: recording, preparing, sorting, classifying and filing information; sorting, opening and sending mail; preparing reports and correspondence of a routine nature; photocopying and faxing documents; operating personal computers, word processors or typewriters to record, input and process text and data; proofreading and correcting copy; preparing invoices and checking figures. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 411 General Office Clerks 412 Secretaries (general) 413 Keyboard Operators
General and keyboard clerks
Customer services clerks deal with clients in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, making appointments, operating telephone switchboards, and interviewing for surveys or to complete applications for eligibility for services. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: performing money-handling operations in banks, post offices, betting and gambling establishments, or dealing with travel arrangements; supplying information requested by clients and making appointments; operating telephone switchboards; greeting and receiving visitors; interviewing survey respondents; interviewing applicants for services. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 421 Tellers, Money Collectors and Related Clerks 422 Client Information Workers
Customer services clerks
Numerical and material recording clerks obtain, compile and compute accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, financial and other numerical data, and take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters. Some occupations classified here keep records of goods produced, purchased, stocked and dispatched, and of materials needed at specified production dates, or keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and freight transport. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: helping with accounting and bookkeeping records and computations; calculating unit production costs; calculating wages and in some cases preparing wage packets and paying wages; taking charge of cash transactions incidental to the business; obtaining, compiling and computing statistical or actuarial data; performing clerical tasks relating to the financial transactions of an insurance establishment, bank or similar establishment; recording produced, stocked, ordered and dispatched goods; recording production materials received, put into stock or issued; computing quantities of the production materials required at specified dates and helping with preparation and checking of production operation schedules; keeping records of operational aspects and coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 431 Numerical Clerks 432 Material Recording and Transport Clerks
Numerical and material recording clerks
Other clerical support workers sort and deliver mail, file documents, prepare information for processing, maintain personnel records, check material for consistency with original source material, assist persons who cannot read or write, and perform various other specialized clerical duties. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: recording information regarding acquisition, issue and return of library books; classifying and filing various documents and other records; maintaining personnel records; sorting, recording and delivering mail from post offices, as well as from or within an enterprise; coding; correcting proofs; performing a range of miscellaneous clerical duties; writing on behalf of persons who are unable to read or write. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 441 Other Clerical Support Workers
Other clerical support workers
Services and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, protection against fire and unlawful acts; or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by services and sales workers usually include: organizing and providing services during travel; housekeeping; preparing and serving of food and beverages; caring for children; providing personal and basic health care at homes or in institutions, as well as hairdressing, beauty treatment and companionship; telling fortunes; embalming and arranging funerals; providing security services and protecting individuals and property against fire and unlawful acts; enforcing of law and order; posing as models for advertising, artistic creation and display of goods; selling goods in wholesale or retail establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets; and demonstrating goods to potential customers. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 51 Personal Services Workers 52 Sales Workers 53 Personal Care Workers 54 Protective Services Workers
Service and sales workers
Personal services workers provide personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and hospitality, hairdressing and beauty treatment, animal care grooming and training, companionship and other services of a personal nature. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: organizing and providing services in connection with travel and sightseeing; housekeeping; preparing and serving food and beverages; hairdressing and beauty treatment; telling fortunes; embalming and arranging funerals; grooming, caring for and training animals; teaching people to drive motor vehicles; providing companionship and other personal services. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 511 Travel Attendants, Conductors and Guides 512 Cooks 513 Waiters and Bartenders 514 Hairdressers, Beauticians and Related Workers 515 Building and Housekeeping Supervisors 516 Other Personal Services Workers
Personal service workers
Sales workers sell and demonstrate goods in wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets, door-to-door, via telephone or customer contact centres. They may record and accept payment for goods and services purchased, and may operate small retail outlets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: selling goods in wholesale or retail establishments, at street or market stalls, door-to-door, via telephone or customer contact centres; demonstrating and displaying goods to potential customers; selling and serving food for immediate consumption at counters and in the street; buying or contracting a regular supply of products to be sold; stacking and displaying goods for sale and wrapping or packing goods sold; determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold; operating cash registers, optical price scanners, computers or other equipment to record and accept payment for the purchase of goods and services. Supervision of other workers may be required in some occupations classified here. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 521 Street and Market Salespersons 522 Shop Salespersons 523 Cashiers and Ticket Clerks 524 Other Sales Workers
Sales workers
Personal care workers provide care, supervision and assistance for children, patients and elderly, convalescent or disabled persons in institutional and residential settings. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: assisting with mobility, washing and other personal needs; assisting children individually to learn social skills; supervising and participating in activities that enhance children’s physical, social, emotional and intellectual development; observing and reporting concerns to appropriate health or social service workers. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 531 Child Care Workers and Teachers’ Aides 532 Personal Care Workers in Health Services
Personal care workers
Protective services workers protect individuals and property against fire and other hazards, maintain law and order and enforce laws and regulations. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: preventing, fighting and extinguishing fires; rescuing people from burning buildings and accident sites and those trapped in dangerous situations; maintaining law and order, enforcing laws and regulations, patrolling public areas and arresting suspected offenders; directing traffic and assuming authority in the event of accidents; watching over and maintaining order among inmates of prisons, reformatories or penitentiaries; patrolling or monitoring premises to guard property against theft and vandalism, controlling access to establishments and maintaining order and enforcing regulations at public events and within establishments. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 541 Protective Services Workers
Protective services workers
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops; gather wild fruits and plants; breed, tend or hunt animals; produce a variety of animal husbandry products; cultivate, conserve and exploit forests; breed or catch fish; and cultivate or gather other forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and income for themselves and their households. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers usually include: preparing the soil; sowing, planting, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting field crops; growing fruit and other tree and shrub crops; growing garden vegetables and horticultural products; gathering wild fruits and plants; breeding, raising, tending or hunting animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin, or sericultural, apiarian or other products; cultivating, conserving and exploiting forests; breeding or catching fish; cultivating or gathering other forms of aquatic life; storing and carrying out some basic processing of their produce; selling their products to purchasers, marketing organizations or at markets. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 61 Market-oriented Skilled Agricultural Workers 62 Market-oriented Skilled Forestry, Fishery and Hunting Workers 63 Subsistence Farmers, Fishers, Hunters and Gatherers
Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers
Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops; and to produce a variety of animals and animal products for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: preparing the soil; sowing, planting, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting field crops; growing fruit and other tree and shrub crops; growing garden vegetables and horticultural products; raising, breeding and tending animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin, or sericultural, apiarian or other products; storing and carrying out some processing of produce; selling their products to purchasers, marketing organizations or at markets. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 611 Market Gardeners and Crop growers 612 Animal Producers 613 Mixed Crop and Animal Producers
Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers
Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers plan, organize and perform operations to cultivate, conserve and exploit natural and plantation forests; breed and raise fish; harvest and catch fish; and hunt and trap animals, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: renting or investing in equipment and machinery and purchasing supplies; planning and undertaking forestry, aquaculture, fishery and hunting operations; maintaining buildings, tanks, machinery and other equipment; delivering or marketing products; supervising and training other workers. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 621 Forestry and Related Workers 622 Fishery Workers, Hunters and Trappers
Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers
Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit; gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; tend or hunt animals; catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and, in some cases, a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: preparing the soil; sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops; growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops; gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; breeding, tending and feeding animals and poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk, hair, skin or other products; hunting or trapping animals; catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life; fetching water and gathering firewood; storing produce for later use and carrying out some processing of produce; building and maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; selling or bartering some products at local markets. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 631 Subsistence Crop Farmers 632 Subsistence Livestock Farmers 633 Subsistence Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmers 634 Subsistence Fishers, Hunters, Trappers and Gatherers
Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers
Craft and related trades workers apply specific technical and practical knowledge and skills to construct and maintain buildings; form metal; erect metal structures; set machine tools or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools; carry out printing work; and produce or process foodstuffs, textiles, wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product. Tasks performed by craft and related trades workers usually include: constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and other structures; casting, welding and shaping metal; installing and erecting heavy metal structures, tackle and related equipment; making machinery, tools, equipment and other metal articles; setting for operators, or setting and operating various machine tools; fitting, maintaining and repairing industrial machinery, engines, vehicles, electrical and electronic instruments and other equipment; making precision instruments, jewellery, household and other precious metal articles, pottery, glass and related products; producing handicrafts; executing printing work; producing and processing foodstuffs and various articles made of wood, textiles, leather and related materials. Supervision of other workers may be included. Self-employed craft and related trades workers, who operate their own businesses either independently or with assistance from a small number of others, may also perform a range of tasks associated with management of the business, account and record keeping and client service, although such tasks would not normally comprise the major component of the work. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 71 Building and Related Trades Workers (excluding electricians) 72 Metal, Machinery and Related Trades Workers 73 Handicraft and Printing Workers 74 Electrical and Electronics Trades Workers 75 Food Processing, Woodworking, Garment and Other Craft and Related Trades Workers
Craft and related trades workers
Building and related trades workers construct, maintain and repair buildings; erect and repair foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; shape and finish stone for building and other purposes. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and other structures, using traditional and/or modern building techniques; constructing and repairing foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; breaking quarried stone into slabs or blocks; cutting, shaping and finishing stone for building, ornamental, monumental and other purposes; erecting reinforced concrete frameworks and structures as well as finishing and repairing cement surfaces; cutting, shaping, assembling and maintaining wooden structures and fittings; performing miscellaneous construction and building maintenance tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 711 Building Frame and Related Trades Workers 712 Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers 713 Painters, Building Structure Cleaners and Related Trades Workers
Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians
Metal, machinery and related trades workers cast, weld, forge and, by other methods, form metal; erect, maintain and repair heavy metal structures; engage in machine-tool setting as well as in fitting, maintaining and repairing machinery including engines and vehicles; or they produce tools and various non-precious metal articles. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: making moulds and cores for casting metal; casting, welding and shaping metal; installing, erecting, maintaining and repairing heavy metal structures, tackle and related equipment; forging and forming steel and other non-precious metals to make and repair machinery, tools, equipment and other articles; setting for operators or setting and operating various machine tools; fitting, maintaining and repairing industrial machinery, including engines and vehicles. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 721 Sheet and Structural Metal Workers, Moulders and Welders, and Related Workers 722 Blacksmiths, Toolmakers and Related Trades Workers 723 Machinery Mechanics and Repairers
Metal, machinery and related trades workers
Handicraft and printing workers combine artistic and manual skills to design, produce, maintain and decorate precision instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious metals, pottery, porcelain and glassware, items made of wood or textile, leather or related materials, and printed products such as books, newspapers and magazines. They apply traditional and/or recently developed techniques to carve, mould, assemble, weave and decorate various articles; to compose and set type prior to printing; to set up and operate printing presses; to bind and finish printed products; and to prepare stencils and operate screen printing equipment. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work may be carried out by hand or involve the use of hand tools and hand-held power tools, and in some cases the set-up and operation of machinery and machine tools. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: making and repairing nautical, meteorological, optical and other precision instruments and equipment; making and repairing musical instruments; making jewellery and precious metalware; making pottery, porcelain ware, ceramics and glassware; painting and decorating various articles; producing handicraft articles in wood or textile, leather and related materials; performing printing or book-binding tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 731 Handicraft Workers 732 Printing Trades Workers
Handicraft and printing workers
Electrical and electronics trades workers install, fit and maintain electrical wiring systems and machinery and other electrical apparatus, electrical transmission and supply lines and cables, and electronic and telecommunications equipment and systems. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: installing, maintaining, fitting and adjusting electrical and electronic wiring systems, machinery and equipment; examining blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to determine sequences and methods of operation; inspecting and testing electrical and electronic systems, equipment, cables and machinery to identify hazards, defects and the need for adjustment or repair; installing, maintaining and repairing electrical and telecommunications transmission lines; joining electrical, telecommunications and data cables; maintaining, troubleshooting, fitting, adjusting, testing and repairing electronic equipment such as commercial and office machines, electronic instruments and control systems, computers, and telecommunications and data transmission equipment. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 741 Electrical Equipment Installers and Repairers 742 Electronics and Telecommunications Installers and Repairers
Electrical and electronic trades workers
Food processing, woodworking, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather or other materials. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: treating and processing meat, fish, grain, fruit, vegetables and related materials into food stuffs, and tobacco into tobacco products; tasting and grading food products and beverages; treating and processing natural fibres, skins and hides; making and repairing furniture and other goods made of wood; preparing hides, skins and pelts for further use; making and repairing textiles, garments, hats, shoes and related products. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 751 Food Processing and Related Trades Workers 752 Wood Treaters, Cabinet-makers and Related Trades Workers 753 Garment and Related Trades Workers 754 Other Craft and Related Workers
Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control; drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment; or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment, as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations. Tasks performed by plant and machine operators and assemblers usually include: operating and monitoring mining or other industrial machinery and equipment for processing metal, minerals, glass, ceramics, wood, paper or chemicals; operating and monitoring machinery and equipment used to produce articles made of metal, minerals, chemicals, rubber, plastics, wood, paper, textiles, fur or leather, and which process foodstuffs and related products; driving and operating trains and motor vehicles; driving, operating and monitoring mobile industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment; and assembling products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 81 Stationary Plant and Machine Operators 82 Assemblers 83 Drivers and Mobile Plant Operators
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
Stationary plant and machine operators monitor and operate stationary industrial plant, machinery and equipment, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment are often required. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: setting up, operating and monitoring a variety of stationary plant and machinery; detecting malfunctions and taking corrective action; examining outputs for defects and conformity with specifications and adjusting machine settings accordingly; performing maintenance, repairs and cleaning; recording data and maintaining production records. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 811 Mining and Mineral Processing Plant Operators 812 Metal Processing and Finishing Plant Operators 813 Chemical and Photographic Products Plant and Machine Operators 814 Rubber, Plastic and Paper Products Machine Operators 815 Textile, Fur and Leather Products Machine Operators 816 Food and Related Products Machine Operators 817 Wood Processing and Papermaking Plant Operators 818 Other Stationary Plant and Machine Operators
Stationary plant and machine operators
Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to procedures strictly laid down. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the next along assembly lines. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: assembling components into various types of product and equipment, according to strictly laid down procedures; reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to determine materials needed and assembly instructions; recording production and operational data on specified forms; inspecting and testing completed components and assemblies, wiring installations and circuits; rejecting faulty assemblies and components. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 821 Assemblers
Assemblers
Drivers and mobile plant operators drive and tend trains and motor vehicles, or drive, operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment, or execute deck duties on board ship and other water-borne craft. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the second ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: driving and tending trains and motor vehicles; driving, operating and monitoring mobile industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment; carrying out deck duties on board ship and other water-borne craft. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 831 Locomotive Engine Drivers and Related Workers 832 Car, Van and Motorcycle Drivers 833 Heavy Truck and Bus Drivers 834 Mobile Plant Operators 835 Ships’ Deck Crews and Related Workers
Drivers and mobile plant operators
Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in elementary occupations usually include: cleaning, restocking supplies and performing basic maintenance in apartments, houses, kitchens, hotels, offices and other buildings; washing cars and windows; helping in kitchens and performing simple tasks in food preparation; delivering messages or goods; carrying luggage and handling baggage and freight; stocking vending-machines or reading and emptying meters; collecting and sorting refuse; sweeping streets and similar places; performing various simple farming, fishing, hunting or trapping tasks; performing simple tasks connected with mining, construction and manufacturing including product-sorting; packing and unpacking produce by hand, and filling shelves; providing various street services; pedalling or hand-guiding vehicles to transport passengers and goods; driving animal-drawn vehicles or machinery. Supervision of other workers may be included. Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 91 Cleaners and Helpers 92 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers 93 Labourers in Mining, Construction, Manufacturing and Transport 94 Food Preparation Assistants 95 Street and Related Sales and Services Workers 96 Refuse Workers and Other Elementary Workers
Elementary occupations
Cleaners and helpers perform various tasks in private households, hotels, offices, hospitals and other establishments, as well as in aircraft, trains, coaches, trams and similar vehicles, in order to keep the interiors and fixtures clean, and launder and press garments and textiles by hand. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: sweeping or vacuum cleaning; washing and polishing floors, furniture and other objects; taking care of linen and bedmaking; helping with preparation of meals and cleaning in kitchens; washing and cleaning cars and windows; pressing or laundering garments and textiles by hand. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 911 Domestic, Hotel and Office Cleaners and Helpers 912 Vehicle, Window, Laundry and Other Hand Cleaning Workers
Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops and livestock, cultivation and maintenance of gardens and parks, exploitation and conservation of forests, and conduct of aquaculture and fisheries operations. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: digging, raking and shovelling using hand tools; loading, unloading and stacking supplies, produce and other materials; watering, thinning, weeding and tending crops by hand or using hand tools; planting, harvesting, picking and collecting produce by hand; feeding, watering and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean; monitoring livestock and reporting on their condition; preparing and operating nets, lines and other fishing tackle and deck equipment; grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers; performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings, equipment, vessels and fences. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 921 Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Labourers
Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers
Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine manual tasks in mining, quarrying, civil engineering, building, manufacturing, transport and storage operations, and operate human-powered and animal-drawn vehicles and machinery. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Task performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: digging holes and spreading excavated materials, sand, soil and gravel using hand-held tools; sorting, loading, unloading, moving, stacking and storing materials, equipment, products, supplies, baggage and cargo by hand; cleaning machinery, equipment, tools and work sites; packing and unpacking material and products and filling containers and shelves with products by hand; operating human-powered and animal-drawn vehicles and machinery. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 931 Mining and Construction Labourers 932 Manufacturing Labourers 933 Transport and Storage Labourers
Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport
Food preparation assistants prepare and cook to order a small variety of pre-cooked food or beverages, clear tables, clean kitchen areas and wash dishes. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages such as sandwiches, pizzas, fish and chips, salads and coffee; washing, cutting, measuring and mixing foods for cooking; operating cooking equipment such as grills, microwaves and deep-fat fryers; cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas; cleaning cooking and general utensils used in kitchens and restaurants. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 941 Food Preparation Assistants
Food preparation assistants
Street and related sales and services workers sell goods (excluding food) for immediate consumption, and provide a variety of services on streets and in other public places such as stations. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: buying or making various items for sale; loading and unloading items for sale and transporting them; obtaining the materials necessary to perform services; approaching people on the street to offer goods or services; cleaning and polishing shoes; cleaning and polishing car windows; running errands; assisting car drivers to find a parking place and ensuring that the car is not damaged during the driver’s absence; handing out leaflets and free newspapers; receiving immediate payment. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 951 Street and Related Services Workers 952 Street Vendors (excluding Food)
Street and related sales and service workers
Refuse workers and other elementary workers collect, process and recycle garbage from buildings, yards, streets and other public places. They keep streets and other public places clean and tidy, deliver and carry messages and packages and perform odd jobs for private households or establishments. Most occupations in this sub-major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: collecting, loading and unloading garbage; sweeping streets, parks and other public places; chopping firewood; collecting and carrying firewood, water, packages, luggage and messages; beating dust out of carpets and performing other odd-job tasks. Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 961 Refuse Workers 962 Other Elementary Workers
Refuse workers and other elementary workers
Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
Stomatological Preparations
Drugs for Acid Related Disorders
Malgradate
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Esomeprazole
Proglumide
Drugs for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Domperidone
Antiemetics and Antinauseants
Bile and Liver Therapy Drugs
Bile Therapy
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Liver Therapy, Lipotropics
Drugs for Bile Therapy and Lipotropics in Combination
Drugs for Constipation
Lactulose
Antidiarrheals, Intestinal Antiinflammatory/Antiinfective Agents
Sulfasalazine
Mesalazine
Antiobesity Preparations, excl. Diet Products
Digestives, incl. Enzymes
Drugs Used in Diabetes
Insulins and Analogues
Insulin Lispro
Insulin Glargine
Metformin
Gliclazide
Glimepiride
Sitagliptin
Semaglutide
Repaglinide
Vitamins
Colecalciferol
Calcifediol
Biotin
Mineral Supplements
Calcium, Combinations with Vitamin D and/or Other Drugs
Tonics
Anabolic Agents for Systemic Use
Appetite Stimulants
Other Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
Ademetionine
Blood and Blood Forming Organs
Antithrombotic Agents
Warfarin
Clopidogrel
Ticlopidine
Prasugrel
Dabigatran Etexilate
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Antihemorrhagics
Antianemic Preparations
Cyanocobalamin
Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
Other Hematological Agents
Cardiovascular System
Cardiac Therapy
Amiodarone
Antihypertensives
Ambrisentan
Diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
Peripheral Vasodilators
Nicergoline
Vasoprotectives
Beta Blocking Agents
Propanolol
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Atenolol and Other Diuretics
Calcium Channel Blockers
Amlodipine
Barnidipine
Lercanidipine
Verapamil
Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System
ACE Inhibitors, Plain
Enalapril
Ramipril
Perindopril and Amlodipine
Losartan
Valsartan
Telmisartan
Olmesartan Medoxomil
Candesartan and Diuretics
Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine
Lipid Modifying Agents
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Simvastatin
Atrovastatin
Rosuvastatin
Ezetimibe
Dermatologicals
Antifungals for Dermatological Use
Emollients and Protectives
Preparations for Treatment of Wounds and Ulcers
Antipruritics, incl. Antihistamines, Anesthetics, etc.
Antipsoriatics
Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics for Dermatological Use
Corticosteroids, Dermatological Preparations
Hydrocortisone
Antispetic and Disinfectants
Medicated Dressings
Anti-Acne Preparations
Other Dermatological Preparations
Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
Other Gynecologicals
Sex Hormones and Modulators of the Genital System
Desogestrel and Ethinylestradiol
Drospirenone and Ethinylestradiol
Progestogens and Estrogens Systemic Contraceptives, Sequential Preparations
Dienogest and Estradiol
Etonogestrel
Desogestrel
Tibolone
Urologicals
Oxybutynin
Tolterodine
Trospium
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Alfuzosin
Tamsulosin
Dustasteride
Systemic Hormonal Preparations, excl. Sex Hormones and Insulins
Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones and Analogues
Corticotropin
Tetracosactide
Corticosteroids for Systemic Use
Glucocorticoids, Systemic
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Methylprednisolone
Prednisolone
Prednisone
Deflazacort
Thyroid Therapy
Levothyroxine Sodium
Thiamazole
Pancreatic Hormones
Calcium Homeostasis
Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
Antibacterials for Systemic Use
Amoxicillin and Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor
Ceftriaxone
Antimycotics for Systemic Use
Antimycobacterials
Rifampicin
Antivirals for Systemic Use
Aciclovir
Valaciclovir
Immune Sera and Immunoglobulins
Immunoglobulins, Normal Human, for Intravascular Adm.
Tetanus Immunoglobulin
Vaccines
Diphtheria Vaccines
Hepatitis B, Purified Antigen
Poliomyelitis, Trivalent, Inactivated, Whole Virus
Other Vaccines
Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
Antineoplastic Agents
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Cladribine
Mitoxantrone
Alectinib
Ofatumumab
Rituximab
Trastuzumab
Endocrine Therapy
Tamoxifen
Immunostimulants
Interferon Beta Natural
Interferon Beta-1a
Interferon Beta-1b
Peginterferon Alfa-2b
Peginterferon Beta-1a
BCG Vaccine
Glatiramer Acetate
Immunosuppressants
Natalizumab
Fingolimod
Teriflunomide
Alemtuzumab
Ocrelizumab
Ozanimod
Siponimod
Daclizumab
Ustekinumab
Tocilizumab
Secukinumab
Azathioprine
Dimethyl Fumarate
Musculo-Skeletal System
Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products
Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products, Non-Steroids
Indometacin
Ketorolac
Ibuprofen
Etoricoxib
Topical Products for Joint and Muscular Pain
Muscle Relaxants
Botulinum Toxin
Baclofen
Tizanidine
Dantrolene
Antigout Preparations
Drugs for Treatment of Bone Diseases
Denosumab
Other Drugs for Disorders of the Musculo-Skeletal System
Nervous System
Anesthetics
Analgesics
Codeine, Combinations excl. Psycholeptics
Acetylsalicylic Acid
Acetylsalicylic Acid, Combinations excl. Psycholeptics
Paracetamol
Cannabinoids
Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan
Antiepileptics
Phenobarbital
Barbexaclone
Phenytoin
Clonazepam
Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
Valproic Acid
Vigabatrin
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
Gabapentin
Levetiracetam
Pregabalin
Cannabidiol
Anti-Parkinson Drugs
Levodopa and Decarboxylase Inhibitor
Amantadine
Ropinirole
Pramipexole
Cabergoline
Psycholeptics
Zuclopenthixol
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Paliperidone
Anxiolytics
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Bromazepam
Clobazam
Prazepam
Alprazolam
Etizolam
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Flurazepam
Triazolam
Brotizolam
Zolpidem
Melatonin
Psychoanaleptics
Antidepressants
Amitriptyline
Fluoxetine
Citalopram
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Escitalopram
Trazodone
Mitrazapine
Venlafaxine
Reboxetine
Duloxetine
Desvenlafaxine
Vertioxetine
Modafinil
Acetylcarnitine
Amitriptyline and Psycholeptics
Rivastigmine
Other Nervous System Drugs
Naltrexone
Betahistine
Cinnarizine
Flunarizine
Cinnarizine, Combinations
Riluzole
Fampridine
Antiparastic Products, Insecticides and Repllents
Antiprotozoals
Hydroxychloroquine
Anthelmintics
Ectoparasiticides, incl. Scabicides, Insecticides and Repellents
Respiratory System
Nasal Preparations
Throat Preparations
Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases
Terbutaline
Formoterol and Budesonide
Fluticasone
Tiotropium Bromide
Salbutamol
Montelukast
Cough and Cold Preparations
Antihistamines for Systemic Use
Chlorphenamine
Thiethylperazine
Cetirizine
Levocetirizine
Other Respiratory System Products
Sensory Organs
Ophthalmologicals
Tafluprost
Otologicals
Ophthalmologicals and Otologicals Products
Various
Allergens
All Other Therapeutic Products
Calcium Folinate
Diagnostic Agents
General Nutrients
All Other Non-Therapeutic Products
Contrast Media
Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals
Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals
Surgical Dressings
Surgical procedure involving an upper extremity.
Operative Procedure on Upper Extremity
Surgical procedure involiving a lower extremity.
Surgical Procedure on Lower Extremity
The excision of a cone of tissue, especially of the CERVIX UTERI. [Definition Source: MSH]
Cone Biopsy
The surgical removal of part of bladder.
Partial Cystectomy
The absence of menses in a woman who has achieved reproductive age due to disorder of pituitary gland. [Partial Defintion Source: NCI
Amenorrhea due to Pituitary Dysfunction
Surgical removal of bening neoplasm.
Excision of Benign Neoplasm
Surgery to remover part or all of the thyroid gland. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thyroid Gland Excision
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. (OMB) [Definition Source: NCI]
Caucasian
Surgical removal of excess abdominal skin and fat and tightening of the ABDOMINAL WALL. Abdominoplasty may include LIPECTOMY of INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT, tightening of the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES, and re-creation of the UMBILICUS. [Definition Source: MSH]
Abdominoplasty
Denotes a person with ancestral origins are in any of the countries of Africa. [Definition Source: NCI]
Black African
The autoimmune inability of the bone marrow to produce hematopoietic elements. [Definition Source: NCI]
Autoimmune Pancytopenia
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376) [Defintion Source: MSH]
Bell's Palsy
Lumbar Hernia [Definition Source: MedDRA]
Prolapsed Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Rhinoseptoplasty, also known as rhino septoplasty or septorhinoplasty, is a nose job procedure that makes cosmetic changes while realigning a malformed nasal septum. [Defintion Source: themodernplasticsurgery]
Rhinoseptoplasty
A surgical procedure located in the abdomnial region.
Operation on Abdominal Region
Pain in the lower back and hip radiating in the distribution of the sciatic nerve. [HPO:probinson, PMID:17872935] (HPO)
Sciatica
Surgery performed to bypass partially or completely occluded coronary arteries, thereby increasing the blood supply of the heart. [Definition Source: NCI]
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Lumbar Hernia [Definition Source: SNOMEDCT]
Lumbar Hernia
Pulmonary embolism is caused by emboli, which have originated from venous thrombi, travelling to and occluding the arteries of the lung. [PMID:29770793]
Pulmonary Thromboembolism
The placement of a feeding tube through the abdominal wall into the stomach using an endoscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)
Drainage of abscess of Barholin's gland.
Drainage of Bartholin's Abscess
A surgical procedure to remove the uterine body (partial hysterectomy) or the uterine body and cervix (total hysterectomy). [Definition source: NCI]
Hysterectomy
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. [Definition Source: MSH]
Atopic Dermatitis
The conversion of one cardiac rhythm or electrical pattern to another, almost always from an abnormal to a normal one, by pharmacologic means using medications or by electrical cardioversion using a defibrillator. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cardioversion
Replacement of Aortic Valve
Surgical removal of acoustic neuroma.
Removal of Acoustic Neuroma
Surgical removal of basal cell carcinoma.
Excision of Basal Cell Carcinoma
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. [Definition Source: MSH]
Hypertriglyceridaemia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood. [Definition Source: MSH]
Neutropenic Disorder
Any approach involiving the head and neck region.
Head and Neck Approaches
A person having origins in the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa or the Caribbean.
Black (ethnic group)
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. (OMB) [Definition Source: NCI]
Asian (ethnic group)
Repair of Knee Cruciate Ligaments
The surgical removal of a neoplasm.
Excision of Neoplasm
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) [Definition Source: MSH]
Motor Neuron Disease
Surgical removal of the gallbladder. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cholecystectomy
Any surgery performed inside the thoracic cavity. [Definition Source: NCI]
Surgical Procedure on Thorax
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots. [Defintion Source: MSH]
Laminectomy
Allergic Asthma
A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. The term, "Spanish origin" can be used in addition to "Hispanic or Latino". (OMB) [Definition Source: NCI]
Hispanic
Surgical removal of a cyst.
Excision of Cyst
Lumbo-sacral spine surgery
Operative Procedure on Lumbosacral Spinal Structure
Surgical procedure on the cervical spine.
Surgical Procedure on Cervical Spine
Thoracic spine surgery.
Operative Procedure on Thoracic Spinal Structure
Surgical procedure in which the STOMACH is transected high on the body. The resulting small proximal gastric pouch is joined to any parts of the SMALL INTESTINE by an end-to-side SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS, depending on the amounts of intestinal surface being bypasses. This procedure is used frequently in the treatment of MORBID OBESITY by limiting the size of functional STOMACH, food intake, and food absorption. [Definition Source: MSH]
Gastryc Bypass
Surgical insertion of intrathecal access system for drug delivery.
Insertion of Implantable Intrathecal Access System
A closed fracture of the tibia.
Closed Fracture of Tibia
Lumbar spinal fusion is surgery to join, or fuse, two or more vertebrae in the low back. The surgery is also called arthrodesis. [Defintion Source: myhealth.alberta.ca]
Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created. [Definition Source: MSH]
Emergency Tracheostomy
Pelvic surgery.
Procedure on Pelvic Region of Trunk
Surgical removal of dermatofibroma.
Excision of dermatofibroma
Herniated Disc [Definition Source: MedDRA]
Intervertebral Disc Prolapse
Surgical repair of bladder
Repair of Bladder
Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Appendectomy
Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [Definition Source: SNOMEDCT]
Pneumonia Caused By SARS-CoV-2
Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. [Definition Source: MSH]
Leukoaraiosis
Prostate tissue removal via a cystoscope. [Definition Source: NCI]
Transurethral Prostatectomy
General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck. [Defintion Source: MSH]
Neck Trauma
A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed) [Defintion Source: MSH]
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Surgical procedures involving the STOMACH and sometimes the lower ESOPHAGUS to correct anatomical defects, or to treat MORBID OBESITY by reducing the size of the stomach. There are several subtypes of bariatric gastroplasty, such as vertical banded gastroplasty, silicone ring vertical gastroplasty, and horizontal banded gastroplasty. [Definition Source: MSH]
Gastroplasty
There was greater than or equal to 50% stenosis (reduction in cross-sectional area) in two coronary arteries (or greater than or equal to 50% stenosis in the left main coronary artery). (ACC) [Definition Source: NCI]
Two Vessel Coronary Disease
Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining practitioner (sign) and subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient (symptom). [Definition Source: NCI]
Sign or Symptom
Any individual related biologically or legally to another individual and considered two degrees removed from the immediate family as in the case of cousins. [Definition Source: NCI]
Third Degree Relative
A congenital neural tube defect in which vertebrae are not fully formed. It results in the protrusion of the spinal cord through the opening of the vertebrae. [Definition Source: NCI]
Spina Bifida
This gene may play a role in cell death. [Definition Source: NCI]
C9orf72 Gene
This gene is involved in signal transduction. [Definition Source: NCI]
SQSTM1 Gene
A male who shares with his sibling the genetic makeup inherited from both of the biological parents. [Definition Source: NCI]
Brother
A female who shares with her sibling the genetic makeup inherited from both of the biological parents. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sister
Rapid swelling of the deep layers of the skin due to transient vascular leakage of serous fluid. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Angioedema
Inflammation of the eyelids near the eyelashes. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Blepharitits
A potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a pharmacologic substance that is characterized by rash, lymphadenopathy, fever, hematologic abnormalities and involvement of one or more internal organs. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome
A species of enveloped and brick-shaped viruses in the Poxviridae family and Molluscipoxvirus genus. The genome is composed of non-segmented, linear double-stranded DNA. Molluscum contagiosum viruses are found in humans and can cause the disease Molluscum contagiosum. Molluscum contagiosum viruses are transmitted via direct person-to-person contact and contact with infected fomites. [Definition Source: NCI]
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
A skin condition characterized by hypopigmented, pink or tan, confetti-like, discrete and confluent scaly macules distributed on the chest, shoulders and upper back. [Definition Source: NCI]
Tinea Versicolor
Abnormally low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Vitamin D Deficiency
Narrowing of the luminal diameter of one or both ureters due to intrinsic factors. [Definition Source: NCI]
Ureteral Stenosis
Inability to smell. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anosmia
Inability to taste. [Definition Source: NCI]
Ageusia
A collection of blood between the dura mater and the brain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Subdural Hematoma
Diminished mental function. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cognitive Impariment
A migraine disorder characterized by episodes that are preceded by focal neurological symptoms. [Definition Source: NCI]
Migraine With Aura
Pain that occurs after the disappearance of herpes zoster infection lesions. [Definition Source: NCI]
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
Involuntary twitching of the eyelid. [Definition Source: NCI]
Blepharospasm
This gene plays a role in both neuroprotection and Golgi maintenance [Definition Source: NCI]
OPTN Gene
A wound received from the teeth of a dog. [Definition Source: NCI]
Dog Bite
The presence of calculi in the gallbladder. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cholelithiasis
This gene is involved in the modulation of retrograde transport of cytoplasmic organelles and vesicles. [Definition Source: NCI]
DCTN1 Gene
Sudden onset pyelonephritis. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Acute Pyelonephritis
Loss of vision in the central portion of the retina (macula), secondary to retinal degeneration. [Definition Source: NCI]
Macular Degeneration
The organ of sight or vision. [Definition Source: NCI]
Eye
The anterior and superior part of a human bearing the mouth, the brain and sensory organs. [Definition Source: NCI]
Head
A body region referring to an upper or lower extremity. [Definition Source: NCI]
Limb
The tissue occupying the spaces of bone. It consists of blood vessel sinuses and a network of hematopoietic cells which give rise to the red cells, white cells, and megakaryocytes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bone Marrow
An organ composed of grey and white matter containing billions of neurons that is the center for intelligence and reasoning. It is protected by the bony cranium. [Definition Source: NCI]
Brain
Three sections, the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, that are located at the base of the brain. The brain stem regulates the central nervous system, and is vital as a conduit for motor and sensory innervations. [Definition Source: NCI]
Brain Stem
The portion of the brain located at the base of the skull that is responsible for balance, equilibrium and movement. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cerebellum
The elongated, approximately cylindrical part of the central nervous system of vertebrates that lies in the vertebral canal and from which the spinal nerves emerge. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: On-line Medical Dictionary]
Spinal Cord
The part of the brain that is located superior to the tentorium cerebelli. [Definition Source: NCI]
Supratentorial Brain
The cavity located between the lungs and pelvis. It contains the lower esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestines, liver, gallbladder and spleen. [Definition Source: NCI]
Abdomen
The region of the body that includes the arm, the forearm, and hand. [Definition Source: NCI]
Upper Extremity
The limb that is composed of the hip, thigh, leg and foot. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lower Extremity
The bony, basin-shaped structure formed by the hipbones and the base of the backbone supporting the lower limbs in humans. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pelvis
The division of the body lying between the neck and the abdomen. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thorax
Pericarditis that is caused by an infection with a viral agent. [Definition Source: NCI]
Viral Pericarditis
The portion of the spinal cord located in the cervical region. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Spinal Cord
The portion of the spinal cord located in the thoracic region. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thoracic Spinal Cord
Hypothyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acquired Hypothyroidism
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons, characterized by progressive muscle weakness. [Definition Source: NCI]
Primary Lateral Sclerosis
A series of bones, muscles, tendons, and other tissues reaching from the base of the skull to the tailbone. The vertebral column forms the axis of the skeleton and encloses as well as protects the spinal cord and the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. [Definition Source: NCI]
Vertebral Column
The region that connects the head to the rest of the body. [Definition Source: NCI]
Neck
The space between the L4 and L5 vertebrae. [Definition Source: NCI]
L4-L5 Intervertebral Space
The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia after a period of remission. [Definition Source: NCI]
Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Oral preparations containing dietary ingredient(s) intended to supplement the diet. Dietary ingredients include vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, extracts and metabolites. [Definition Source: NCI]
Dietary Supplement
Dietary supplements do not have an ATC but they belong to the GMP class 4AA2F30.
A procedure that collects plasma from the peripheral blood while returning the rest to the donor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Plasmapheresis
Transference of a tissue or organ within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [Definition Source: NCI]
Transplantation
Surgical removal of a cone-shaped portion of tissue from the uterine cervix. [Definition Source: NCI]
Conization
Any surgery involving a structure in the head and neck region. [Definition Source: NCI]
Head and Neck Surgery
An infection that is caused by herpes simplex virus. [Definition Source: NCI]
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
A carcinoma involving the basal cells. [Definition Source: NCI]
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The use of opioids that results in the development of a dependency that adversely affects an individual's life. [Definition Source: NCI]
Opioid Use Disorder
Pneumonia that is attributed to the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
An acute infection of the respiratory tract that is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on currently available information, SARS-CoV-2 is thought to mainly spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. Typically, there is a two- to 14-day incubation period and infected persons can present with no symptoms or mild to severe fever, dry cough, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Dysgeusia, anosmia, and gastrointestinal and flu-like symptoms have also been reported. Older adults and persons of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be of higher risk for severe illness, including secondary infections, respiratory failure, and multi-organ dysfunction. [Definition Source: NCI]
COVID-19 Infection
Trauma to the chest. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thoracic Trauma
A type of mechanical ventilation procedure that uses a non-invasive means, such as a face mask or nasal mask, to deliver oxygenated air into the lungs. [Definition Source: NCI]
Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV)
A change in the nucleotide sequence of the MTHFR gene. [Definition Source: NCI]
MTHFR Gene Mutation
Toxicity that impairs or damages the liver. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hepatic Toxicity
Any relative who is two meioses away from a particular individual in a family; a relative with whom one quarter of an individual's genes is shared (i.e., grandparent, grandchild, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece, half-sibling) (from Genetics Home Reference glossary) [Definition Source: NCI]
Second Degree Relative
Surgical excision of an intervertebral disc. Often performed for pain relief. [Definition Source: NCI]
Discectomy
Any relative who is one meiosis away from a particular individual in a family; a relative with whom one half of an individual's genes is shared (i.e., parent, sibling, offspring) (from Genetics Home Reference glossary) [Definition Source: NCI]
First Degree Relative
This gene plays a role in the immune response and signal transduction. [Definition Source: NCI]
TBK1 Gene
A female human offspring. [Definition Source: NCI]
Daughter
A male parent. [Definition Source: NCI]
Father
A female parent. [Definition Source: NCI]
Mother
A male human offspring. [Definition Source: NCI]
Son
Medicine to stop, prevent, or control seizures (convulsions). [Definition Source: NCI]
Anticonvulsant Agent
Painful sensation in the abdominal region. [Definition Source: NCI]
Abdominal Pain
Acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila). Signs and symptoms include productive cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bacterial Pneumonia
An autoimmune genetic disorder with an unknown pattern of inheritance that primarily affects the digestive tract. It is caused by intolerance to dietary gluten. Consumption of gluten protein triggers an immune response which damages small intestinal villi and prevents adequate absorption of nutrients. Clinical signs include abdominal cramping, diarrhea or constipation and weight loss. If untreated, the clinical course may progress to malnutrition, anemia, osteoporosis and an increased risk of intestinal malignancies. However, the prognosis is favorable with successful avoidance of gluten in the diet. [Definition Source: NCI]
Celiac Disease
An eyelid cyst caused by the blockage of a meibomian gland. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chalazion
A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity. [Definition Source: NCI]
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of a person's face. It is caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve. It is usually temporary but it may recur. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cranial Nerve VII Palsy
A traumatic or pathologic injury to the femur in which the continuity of the femur is broken. [Definition Source: NCI]
Femur Fracture
Inflammation of the stomach. [Definition Source: NCI]
Gastritis
A chronic disorder characterized by reflux of the gastric and/or duodenal contents into the distal esophagus. It is usually caused by incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter. Symptoms include heartburn and acid indigestion. It may cause injury to the esophageal mucosa. [Definition Source: NCI]
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Glaucoma
Abnormally low levels of thyroid hormone. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Hypothyroidism
Inflammation of the cornea. [Definition Source: NCI]
Keratitis
A degenerative, structural disorder of the eye, characterized by a cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea. It may lead to visual disturbances. [Definition Source: NCI]
Keratoconus
A progressive demyelination within the central nervous system associated with reactivation of a latent JC virus infection. [Definition Source: NCI]
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
A laboratory test result indicating a decreased number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Leukopenia
An abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lymphopenia
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. [Definition Source: NCI]
Nervous System Disorder
A progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Signs and symptoms include tremor which is most pronounced during rest, muscle rigidity, slowing of the voluntary movements, a tendency to fall back, and a mask-like facial expression. [Definition Source: NCI]
Parkinson's Disease
A mild, self-limited skin disorder that is most commonly seen in children and young adults. It is characterized by an initial large round spot on the chest, abdomen, or back, often referred to as a herald patch, that is usually followed within a week by a distinctive pattern of similar but smaller papules on the torso, arms, and legs. There may also be itching, especially when overheated. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pityriasis Rosea
An eye emergency condition which may lead to blindness if left untreated. It is characterized by the separation of the inner retina layers from the underlying pigment epithelium. Causes include trauma, advanced diabetes mellitus, high myopia, and choroid tumors. Symptoms include sudden appearance of floaters, sudden light flushes, and blurred vision. [Definition Source: NCI]
Retinal Detachment
An autoimmune disorder affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltrates which cause destruction of these glands. It results in dry mouth and dry eyes. It may be associated with the presence of other autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sjogren Syndrome
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland. Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, follicular adenoma, and carcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thyroid Gland Disorder
Inflammation of the thyroid gland. This category includes Hashimoto thyroiditis, Riedel thyroiditis, acute thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and radiation-induced thyroiditis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thyroiditis
A concretion in the urinary tract. [Definition Source: NCI]
Urinary Stone
Generalized well circumscribed patches of leukoderma that are generally distributed over symmetric body locations and is due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Vitiligo
Shivering secondary to a febrile process. [Definition Source: NCI]
Fever Chills
An acute infection of the bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms include increased frequency of urination, pain or burning during urination, fever, cloudy or bloody urine, and suprapubic pain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acute Cystitis
An increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase in the blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Alanine Aminotransferase Increased
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve). [Definition Source: NCI]
Trigeminal Nerve Disorder
Traumatic or pathological injury to the ankle joint in which the continuity of an ankle bone is broken. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected leg and foot. [Definition Source: NCI]
Ankle Fracture
Inflammation of interstitial lung tissue, usually associated with infection. [Definition Source: NCI]
Interstitial Pneumonia
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the female genital system. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include infection, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include germ cell tumors, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Female Reproductive System Disorder
Life-threatening respiratory failure that develops rapidly. Causes include injury, sepsis, drug overdose, and pancreatitis. It manifests with dyspnea and cyanosis and may lead to cardiovascular shock. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acute Respiratory Failure
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodic disruptions of breathing during sleep. It is caused by the intermittent relaxation of pharyngeal muscles leading to the narrowing or complete blockage of the upper airway. This results in compensatory arousal from sleep to breathe again. An anatomically narrow airway from body habitus or enlarged pharyngeal structures may also predispose to obstruction. Clinical presentation usually includes snoring, daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating and fatigue. Clinical course may progress to chronic hypoxemia with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sequelae. [Definition Source: NCI]
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
An autoimmune disorder caused by the production of autoantibodies against thyroid tissue. There is progressive destruction of the thyroid follicles leading to hypothyroidism. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of connective tissue structures, such as arthritis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Rheumatologic Disorder
A respiratory tract infection caused by a virus. Viruses represent the most common causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and include rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus. [Definition Source: NCI]
Viral Respiratory Tract Infection
Any disorder other than abnormal tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation affecting the nervous system.
Non-Neoplastic Central Nervous System Disorder
Gross necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area, as in coronary thrombosis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Myocardial Infarction
Occlusion of the lumen of a vessel by a thrombus that has migrated from a distal site via the blood stream. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thromboembolism
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep. [Definition Source: NCI]
Insomnia
A circular band of muscle that functions to regulate the size of an orifice in the body. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sphincter
A chronic respiratory disease manifested as difficulty breathing due to the narrowing of bronchial passageways. [Definition Source: NCI]
Asthma
A syndrome resulting from the acquired deficiency of cellular immunity caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is characterized by the reduction of the Helper T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the lymph nodes. Symptoms include generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Patients with AIDS are especially susceptible to opportunistic infections, tuberculosis, candida infections, and cryptococcosis), and the development of malignant neoplasms (usually non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma). The human immunodeficiency virus is transmitted through sexual contact, sharing of contaminated needles, or transfusion of contaminated blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
A common cancer characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells. Morphologically, adenocarcinomas are classified according to the growth pattern (e.g., papillary, alveolar) or according to the secreting product (e.g., mucinous, serous). Representative examples of adenocarcinoma are ductal and lobular breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma), colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Adenocarcinoma
This gene plays a role in the transcriptional activation of androgen responsive genes. [Definition Source: NCI]
AR Gene
A progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of function and death of nerve cells in several areas of the brain leading to loss of cognitive function such as memory and language. [Definition Source: NCI]
Alzheimer's Disease
A reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red blood cells. Clinically, anemia represents a reduction in the oxygen-transporting capacity of a designated volume of blood, resulting from an imbalance between blood loss (through hemorrhage or hemolysis) and blood production. Signs and symptoms of anemia may include pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, shortness of breath, palpitations of the heart, soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, and fatigability. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anemia
Loss of appetite. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anorexia
A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anxiety Disorder
Any variation from the normal rate or rhythm (which may include the origin of the impulse and/or its subsequent propagation) in the heart. [Definition Source: NCI]
Arrhythmia
An inflammatory process affecting a joint. Causes include infection, autoimmune processes, degenerative processes, and trauma. Signs and symptoms may include swelling around the affected joint and pain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Arthritis
A chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation in the synovial membranes and articular surfaces. It manifests primarily as a symmetric, erosive polyarthritis that spares the axial skeleton and is typically associated with the presence in the serum of rheumatoid factor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis). [Definition Source: NCI]
Autoimmune Disease
A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Psychiatric Disorder
A non-cancerous nodular enlargement of the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cell nodules, and stromal nodules containing fibrous and smooth muscle elements. It is the most common urologic disorder in men, causing blockage of urine flow. [Definition Source: NCI]
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Infection of the vulva and vagina with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is a disease associated with HIV infection. [Definition Source: NCI]
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells may display abnormal mitotic figures, anaplasia, and necrosis. Carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Carcinomas invade the surrounding tissues and tend to metastasize to other anatomic sites. Lung carcinoma, skin carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma are the most frequently seen carcinomas. [Definition Source: NCI]
Carcinoma
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the skin. Primary malignant skin neoplasms most often are carcinomas (either basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas) or melanomas. Metastatic malignant neoplasms to the skin include carcinomas and lymphomas. [Definition Source: NCI]
Malignant Skin Neoplasm
The most frequently seen skin cancer. It arises from basal cells of the epidermis and pilosebaceous units. Clinically it is divided into the following types: nodular, ulcerative, superficial, multicentric, erythematous, and sclerosing or morphea-like. More than 95% of these carcinomas occur in patients over 40. They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck and the remaining 15% on the trunk and extremities. Basal cell carcinoma usually grows in a slow and indolent fashion. However, if untreated, the tumor may invade the subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle and bone. Distant metastases are rare. Excision, curettage and irradiation cure most basal cell carcinomas. [Definition Source: NCI]
Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma
A basal cell carcinoma which displays squamous differentiation. The neoplastic cells have more abundant cytoplasm with more marked keratinization than typical basal cell carcinomas. It usually has a more aggressive clinical course compared to typical basal cell carcinoma, and it may produce regional or widespread metastases. [Definition Source: NCI]
Skin Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the heart or the vessels (arteries, veins and lymph vessels). Representative examples of non-neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocarditis and hypertension. Representative examples of neoplastic cardiovascular disorders are endocardial myxoma and angiosarcoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cardiovascular Disorder
A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colorectal Carcinoma
A sac-like closed membranous structure that may be empty or contain fluid or amorphous material. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cyst
A melancholy feeling of sadness and despair. [Definition Source: NCI]
Depression
A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization. [Definition Source: NCI]
Diabetes Mellitus
A chronic condition characterized by minimal or absent production of insulin by the pancreas. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Type 1 Diabtes Mellitus
A contagious viral infection caused by the mumps virus. Symptoms include swollen and tender parotid glands, fever, muscle aches and fatigue. Due to vaccination programs, mumps has become a rare disease. [Definition Source: NCI]
Mumps
Any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. The term is often used broadly to include injuries, disabilities, syndromes, symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function. [Definition Source: NCI]
Disease or Disorder
A form of dermatitis characterized by red, itchy, scaly, or crusty patches that can be chronic or intermittent. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Eczema
The growth of functional endometrial tissue in anatomic sites outside the uterine body. It most often occurs in the pelvic organs. [Definition Source: NCI]
Endometriosis
A brain disorder characterized by episodes of abnormally increased neuronal discharge resulting in transient episodes of sensory or motor neurological dysfunction, or psychic dysfunction. These episodes may or may not be associated with loss of consciousness or convulsions. [Definition Source: NCI]
Seizure Disorder
A chronic condition characterised by recurrent generalised seizures. [Definition Source: NCI]
Generalized Epilepsy
A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the fibrous tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts. [Definition Source: NCI]
Fibroma
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the heart and/or the pericardium. Representative examples include endocarditis, pericarditis, atrial myxoma, cardiac myeloid sarcoma, and pericardial malignant mesothelioma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Heart Disorder
A hemangioma characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cavernous Hemangioma
Inflammation of the liver; usually from a viral infection, but sometimes from toxic agents. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hepatitis
Acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is highly contagious and usually contracted through close contact with an infected individual or their feces, contaminated food or water. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hepatitis A Infection
A viral infection caused by the hepatitis C virus. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hepatitis C Infection
A neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells which contain Birbeck granules by ultrastructural examination. Three major overlapping syndromes are recognized: eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe disease, and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. The clinical course is generally related to the number of organs affected at presentation. (WHO, 2001) [Definition Source: NCI]
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
An immune response that occurs following exposure to an innocuous antigen, but that does not require the presence of preformed antibodies to the antigen. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hypersensitivity
Blood pressure that is abnormally high. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hypertension
A severe, acute increase in blood pressure that may result in stroke or myocardial ischemia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hypertensive Crisis
Overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased metabolic rate. Causes include diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (Graves' disease), single nodule in the thyroid gland, and thyroiditis. The symptoms are related to the increased metabolic rate and include weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, insomnia, muscle weakness, and tremor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hyperthyroidism
Abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hypertrophy
The most common type of cutaneous cyst. It results from the proliferation of epidermal cells in a circumscribed space within the dermis. It is usually asymptomatic and presents as a firm, round nodule. [Definition Source: NCI]
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
A clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood or other tissues. The classification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) encompasses four major categories: 1) AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities; 2) AML with multilineage dysplasia; 3) Therapy-related AML; 4) AML not otherwise specified. The required bone marrow or peripheral blood blast percentage for the diagnosis of AML is 20% (WHO classification). [Definition Source: NCI]
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
A chronic and progressive lung disorder characterized by the loss of elasticity of the bronchial tree and the air sacs, destruction of the air sacs wall, thickening of the bronchial wall, and mucous accumulation in the bronchial tree. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the air flow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, and chest tightness. The two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Distinct from Hodgkin lymphoma both morphologically and biologically, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, can occur at any age, and usually presents as a localized or generalized lymphadenopathy associated with fever and weight loss. The clinical course varies according to the morphologic type. NHL is clinically classified as indolent, aggressive, or having a variable clinical course. NHL can be of B-or T-/NK-cell lineage. [Definition Source: NCI]
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
A progressive autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system resulting in demyelination. Patients develop physical and cognitive impairments that correspond with the affected nerve fibers. [Definition Source: NCI]
Multiple Sclerosis
An infection caused by a fungus. [Definition Source: NCI]
Fungal Infection
A benign or malignant tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. Benign neoplastic cells resemble normal cells without exhibiting significant cytologic atypia, while malignant cells exhibit overt signs such as dysplastic features, atypical mitotic figures, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and anaplasia. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papillomas, cystadenomas, and lipomas; malignant neoplasms include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. [Definition Source: NCI]
Neoplasm
Having a high amount of body fat (body mass index [BMI] of 30 or more). [Definition Source: NCI]
Obesity
A condition of reduced bone mass, with decreased cortical thickness and a decrease in the number and size of the trabeculae of cancellous bone (but normal chemical composition), resulting in increased fracture incidence. Osteoporosis is classified as primary (Type 1, postmenopausal osteoporosis; Type 2, age-associated osteoporosis; and idiopathic, which can affect juveniles, premenopausal women, and middle-aged men) and secondary osteoporosis (which results from an identifiable cause of bone mass loss). [Definition Source: NCI]
Osteoporosis
A well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the adenohypophysial cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The tumor can be hormonally functioning or not. It has a low frequency of metastatic spread. When metastatic, the term metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor is endorsed instead of pituitary carcinoma. (WHO) [Definition Source: NCI] It has exact synonim: Pituitary Gland Adenoma.
Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor
Increased amounts of fluid within the pleural cavity. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. It is usually caused by lung infections, congestive heart failure, pleural and lung tumors, connective tissue disorders, and trauma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pleural Effusion
An acute, acute and chronic, or chronic inflammation focally or diffusely affecting the lung parenchyma, due to infections (viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, or bacteria), treatment (e.g. radiation), or exposure (inhalation) to chemicals. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, fevers, chills, chest pain, headache, sweating, and weakness. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pneumonia
An autoimmune condition characterized by red, well-delineated plaques with silvery scales that are usually on the extensor surfaces and scalp. They can occasionally present with these manifestations: pustules; erythema and scaling in intertriginous areas, and erythroderma, that are often distributed on extensor surfaces and scalp. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Psoriasis
The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood stream causing a rapidly progressing systemic reaction that may lead to shock. Symptoms include fever, chills, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate. It is a medical emergency that requires urgent medical attention. [Definition Source: NCI]
Septicemia
Clinical, laboratory or molecular evidence, or absence of evidence of disease. [Definition Source: NCI]
Finding
A sudden loss of neurological function secondary to hemorrhage or ischemia in the brain parenchyma due to a vascular event. [Definition Source: NCI]
Stroke
A laboratory test result indicating that there is an abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thrombocytopenia
A parasitic disease contracted by the ingestion or fetal transmission of toxoplasma gondii. [Definition Source: NCI]
Toxoplasmosis
A transient, itchy skin eruption characterized by wheals with pale interiors and red margins. [Definition Source: NCI]
Urticaria
A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the body of the uterus. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern. [Definition Source: NCI]
Uterine Corpus Leiomyoma
A genetic disorder characterized by defects in the synthesis of cortisol and/or aldosterone, resulting in hyperplasia of the adrenal cortical cells. [Definition Source: NCI]
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the motor neurons of the central nervous system. It results in weakness and atrophy of the muscles which leads to an inability to initiate and control voluntary movements. [Definition Source: NCI]
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A congenital hemolytic anemia caused by defects of the erythrocyte membrane, enzyme deficiencies, or hemoglobinopathies. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia
A disorder of the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Often these moods range and shift from periods of elation and energized behavior to those of hopelessness and depression. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bipolar Disorder
A closed dislocation of the shoulder [Definition Source: NCI]
Closed Dislocation of Shoulder
The presence of one or more stones in the common bile duct. They are composed either of cholesterol or, less commonly, calcium salts and bilirubin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Common Bile Duct Stone
The most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It includes the most frequently seen morphologic variants which are: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
A condition associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is characterized by hemolysis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Favism
An inflammatory disorder that affects the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Most commonly, this is attributed to viruses; however bacteria, parasites or adverse reactions can also be the culprit. Symptoms include acute diarrhea and vomiting. [Definition Source: NCI]
Gastroenteritits
A traumatic injury to the head. [Definition Source: NCI]
Head Trauma
Pain in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve. [Definition Source: NCI]
Headache
The protrusion of part of an organ or fibroadipose tissue through an abnormal opening. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hernia
A superficial fibromatosis arising from the soft tissue of the palm. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, and an infiltrative growth pattern. It predominantly affects adult males. [Definition Source: NCI] It has exact synonim: Dupuytren Contracture; Palmar Fibromatosis; Dupuytren's Contracture.
Palmar Fibromatosis
The protrusion of a sac-like structure containing fibroadipose tissue through an abnormal opening in the inguinal region. [Definition Source: NCI]
Inguinal Hernia
A lesion caused by type 1 or type 2 herpes simplex virus, involving the oralfacial region. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cold Sore
A clinical syndrome of fever, sore throat, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus. Subsequent physical findings may include hepatomegaly, palatal petechiae, jaundice, uvular edema, and splenomegaly. [Definition Source: NCI]
Infectious Mononucleosis
Ileus of the intestine in which there is no mechanical obstruction. [Definition Source: NCI]
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body. [Definition Source: NCI]
Iridocyclitis
Trauma to the knee. [Definition Source: NCI]
Knee Injury
Hypertension that presents without an identifiable cause. [Definition Source: NCI]
Essential Hypertension
A ventricular arrhythmia characterized by a long QT interval, and accompanied by syncopal episodes sometimes leading to sudden death due to paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia. This arrhythmia is associated with a prolongation of repolarization following depolarization of the cardiac ventricles. The prolongation of the Q-T interval combined with torsades de pointes manifests as several different forms; some may be acquired or congenital; some may lead to serious arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. [Definition Source: NCI]
Long QT Syndrome
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hip Osteoarthritis
A finding of low numbers of red and white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pancytopenia
An anxiety disorder characterized by multiple unexpected panic attacks with persistent concern of recurring attacks. Panic disorder may or may not be accompanied by agoraphobia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Panic Disorder
An allergy to Penicillin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Penicillin Allergy
A diverse category of psychiatric disorders characterized by behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture; this pattern of deviation is pervasive and inflexible and is stable over time. The behavioral pattern negatively interferes with relationships and work. [Definition Source: NCI]
Personality Disorder
Inflammation of the lungs due to the inhalation of solid or liquid material. [Definition Source: NCI]
Aspiration Pneumonitis
Swelling and protrusion of the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa due to an accumulation of synovial fluid. [Definition Source: NCI]
Baker Cyst
An idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas which contain giant cells. It usually affects the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, and skin. Cardiac involvement is also possible. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis affecting the lung parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas in the lung tissues. It is manifested with dyspnea, cough, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
A dislocation of the shoulder joint. [Definition Source: NCI]
Shoulder Dislocation
An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membranes of any sinus cavity. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sinusitis
Infection by Staphylococcus. [Definition Source: NCI]
Staphylococcal Infection
A spontaneous loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Syncope
An inherited blood disorder characterized by a decreased synthesis of one of the polypeptide chains that form hemoglobin. Anemia results from this abnormal hemoglobin formation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thalassemia
A primary melanoma arising from atypical melanocytes in the skin. Precursor lesions include acquired and congenital melanocytic nevi, and dysplastic nevi. Several histologic variants have been recognized, including superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, nodular melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cutaneous Melanoma
An inflammatory pathologic process that affects the vulva and the vagina. [Definition Source: NCI]
Vulvovaginitis
Necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area. It is characterized by a severe and rapid onset of symptoms that may include chest pain, often radiating to the left arm and left side of the neck, dyspnea, sweating, and palpitations. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acute Myocardial Infarction
A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Closed Fracture of Rib
An infectious process that affects a tooth. It is characterized by localized periapical or periodontal collection of pus. It presents with pain and swelling of the gums and/or cheek. [Definition Source: NCI]
Tooth Abscess
An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the blood or urine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Monoclonal Gammopathy
Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to the head and neck. [Definition Source: NCI]
Head and Neck Finding
Injury
An abnormally slow heart rate. Thresholds for different age, gender, and patient populations exist. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bradycardia
A laboratory test result indicating an increased amount of cholesterol in the blood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hypercholesterolemia
The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Proteinuria
A feeling of movement, a sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient (objective vertigo) or as if he himself were revolving in space (subjective vertigo). Vertigo is medically distinct from dizziness, lightheadedness, and unsteadiness. [Definition Source: NCI]
Vertigo
Any of the mental or physical manifestations that accompany perimenopause and menopause. [Definition Source: NCI]
Menopausal Symptom
A cystic lesion located in the skin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Skin Cyst
A breast carcinoma arising from the ducts. While ductal carcinomas can arise at other sites, this term is universally used to refer to carcinomas of the breast. Ductal carcinomas account for about two thirds of all breast cancers. Two types of ductal carcinomas have been described: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. The latter often spreads to the axillary lymph nodes and other anatomic sites. The two forms of ductal carcinoma often coexist. [Definition Source: NCI]
Breast Ductal Carcinoma
A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the cervical squamous epithelium. It is usually associated with human papillomavirus infection. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 2 when there is nuclear atypia in both the upper and lower epithelial layers, mitotic figures are confined to the basal two-thirds of the epithelium, and maturation is present in the upper half of the epithelium. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 3 when there is nuclear atypia and mitotic figures throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium, and maturation is absent or confined to the upper third of the epithelium. [Definition Source: NCI]
High Grade Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia
A clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by proliferation in the bone marrow of one or more of the myeloid (i.e., granulocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mast cell) lineages. It is primarily a neoplasm of adults. (WHO 2008) [Definition Source: NCI]
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
An adenocarcinoma arising from the colon. It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits. According to the degree of cellular differentiation, colonic adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colon Adenocarcinoma
Loss of intellectual abilities interfering with an individual's social and occupational functions. Causes include Alzheimer's disease, brain injuries, brain tumors, and vascular disorders. [Definition Source: NCI]
Dementia
A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue and neurologic function. [Definition Source: NCI]
Central Nervous System Degenerative Disorder
A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic glandular epithelial cells in the colonic mucosa. There is no evidence of invasion. [Definition Source: NCI]
Colon Dysplasia
A carcinoma arising from the breast, most commonly the terminal ductal-lobular unit. It is the most common malignant tumor in females. Risk factors include country of birth, family history, menstrual and reproductive history, fibrocystic disease and epithelial hyperplasia, exogenous estrogens, contraceptive agents, and ionizing radiation. The vast majority of breast carcinomas are adenocarcinomas (ductal or lobular). Breast carcinoma spreads by direct invasion, by the lymphatic route, and by the blood vessel route. The most common site of lymph node involvement is the axilla. [Definition Source: NCI]
Breast Carcinoma
The part of the spine in the lower back that consists of the lumbar region and the sacrum. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lumbosacral Region
A carcinoma that arises from the skin. Representative examples are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Skin Carcinoma
A blood clot in a deep vein, predominantly in the lower extremity, but may include the pelvis or upper extremity. [Definition Source: NCI][attribution: NICHD]
Deep Vein Thrombosis
A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by the replacement of consistent P waves by rapid oscillations or fibrillatory waves that vary in size, shape and timing and are accompanied by an irregular ventricular response. (CDISC) [Definition Source: NCI]
Atrial Fibrillation
The metabolic condition resulted from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the shift of acid-base status of the body toward the acid side because of loss of base or retention of acids other than carbonic acid is accompanied by the accumulation of ketone bodies in body tissues and fluids. [Definition Source: NCI]
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Inability of the heart to pump blood at an adequate rate to meet tissue metabolic requirements. Clinical symptoms of heart failure include: unusual dyspnea on light exertion, recurrent dyspnea occurring in the supine position, fluid retention or rales, jugular venous distension, pulmonary edema on physical exam, or pulmonary edema on chest x-ray presumed to be cardiac dysfunction. [Definition Source: NCI]
Heart Failure
A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hematoma
Headache in erect position, after lumbar puncture; due to lowering of intracranial pressure by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the needle tract. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lumbar Puncture Headache
An abnormality that affects hearing within the first month after birth. It may or may not result in hearing loss. [Definition Source: NCI]
Neonatal Hearing Impairment
The obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus, sometimes associated with infarction of the lung. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pulmonary Embolism
A brief attack (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit. [Definition Source: NCI]
Transient Ischemic Attack
A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an organized, regular atrial rhythm with atrial rate of 240-340 beats per minute. Multiple P waves typically appear in the inferior leads in a saw tooth-like pattern between the QRS complexes. (CDISC) [Definition Source: NCI]
Atrial Flutter
Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both. [Definition Source: NCI]
Pulmonary Insufficiency
Surgery to remove part or all of the fallopian tube(s). [Definition Source: NCI]
Salpingectomy
Total or partial excision of the turbinates. [Definition Source: NCI]
Turbinectomy
Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining healthcare provider. [Definition Source: NCI]
Sign
This gene plays a role in the detoxification of superoxide radicals in the cytosol. [Definition Source: NCI]
SOD1 Gene
An enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGPT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGPT levels. Also called alanine aminotransferase (ALT). [Definition Source: RxList] Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) [Definition Source: U.s. Department of Health and Human Services]
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, CTCAE
A pathologic tract that connects an opening in the anal canal to the perianal skin. In the vast majority of cases there is a history of perianal abscess. [Definition Source: NCI]
Anorectal Fistula
A chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by skeletal muscle weakness. It is caused by the blockage of the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. [Definition Source: NCI]
Myasthenia Gravis
Joint inflammation associated with psoriasis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Psoriatic Arthritis
The absence of menses in a woman who has achieved reproductive age. [Definition Source: NCI]
Amenorrhea
A naturally occurring micronutrient, synthesized in small amounts by plants and animals (including humans), with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities. Alpha-lipoic acid acts as a free radical scavenger and assists in repairing oxidative damage and regenerates endogenous antioxidants, including vitamins C and E and glutathione. This agent also promotes glutathione synthesis. In addition, alpha-lipoic acid exerts metal chelating capacities and functions as a cofactor in various mitochondrial enzyme complexes involved in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids. [Definition Source: NCI]
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
An autosomal dominant hereditary neoplastic syndrome. Two distinct clinicopathological entities are recognized: neurofibromatosis type 1 and neurofibromatosis type 2. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is associated with the presence of cafe-au-lait cutaneous lesions, multiple neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, optic nerve gliomas, and bone lesions. Neurofibromatosis type 2 is associated with the presence of schwannomas, meningiomas, and gliomas. [Definition Source: NCI]
Neurofibromatosis
The set of vertebrae immediately caudal to the skull. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Spine
Those vertebrae between the ribs and the pelvis, L1-L5 in man. [Definition Source: NCI]
Lumbar Spine
The vertebrae of the thoracic spine, numbered one through twelve in man. [Definition Source: NCI]
Thoracic Spine
Inflammation of a serous membrane. [Definition Source: NCI]
Serositis
A common dermal and neurologic disorder caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus that has remained dormant within dorsal root ganglia, often for decades, after the patient's initial exposure to the virus in the form of varicella (chickenpox). It is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. [Definition Source: NCI]
Herpes Zoster
A male grandchild. [Definition Source: NCI]
Grandson
A female grandchild. [Definition Source: NCI]
Granddaughter
A daughter of your brother or sister. [Definition Source: NCI]
Niece
A son of your brother or sister. [Definition Source: NCI]
Nephew
A child of your aunt or uncle or their descendents. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cousin
A child of your aunt or uncle. [Definition Source: NCI]
First Cousin
Atrophic gastritis that is persistent and long-standing. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chronic Atropic Gastritis
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland. [Definition Source: NCI]
Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm
A neoplasm composed of melanocytes that usually appears as a dark spot on the skin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Melanocytic Nevus
Complaints describing a pattern similar to influenza, which may include one or more of the following symptoms: fever, chills, muscle or body aches, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, or fatigue. [Definition Source: NCI]
Flu-Like Symptoms
A mental disorder characterized by personality change, impaired functioning, and loss of touch with reality. [Definition Source: NCI]
Psychosis
Paroxysmal and severe flank pain radiating to the inguinal area. It is caused by the passage of a kidney stone through the ureter. [Definition Source: NCI]
Renal Colic
Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes caused by an IgE-mediated response to external allergens. The inflammation may also involve the mucous membranes of the sinuses, eyes, middle ear, and pharynx. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and itching. It may lead to fatigue, drowsiness, and malaise thus causing impairment of the quality of life. [Definition Source: NCI]
Allergic Rhinitis
A movement disorder caused by defects in the basal ganglia. The clinical manifestations include changes in the muscle tone, dyskinesia, and akinesia. Causes include vascular disorders, degenerative disorders, and antipsychotic drugs. [Definition Source: NCI]
Extrapyramidal Disorder
This gene is involved in transcription and mRNA splicing. [Definition Source: NCI]
TARDBP Gene
A monoclonal expansion of B-lymphocytes with or without the characteristic immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It precedes virtually all cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Monoclonal B_Cell Lymphocytosis
A lipoprotein metabolism disorder characterized by decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins, or elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and/or triglycerides. [Definition Source: NCI]
Dyslipidemia
A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the squamous, glandular, or transitional cell epithelium without evidence of invasion. According to the degree of nuclear atypia, number of mitotic figures, and presence of architectural distortion, it is classified as low grade (mild dysplasia) or high grade (moderate or severe dysplasia). [Definition Source: NCI]
Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. [Definition Source: NCI]
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
A congenital heart disorder characterized by the presence of the following four abnormalities: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. [Definition Source: NCI]
Tetralogy of Fallot
A disorder caused by a spinal injury leading to an incomplete spinal lesion. Patients develop paralysis, ataxia and loss of sensation. Causes include spinal cord tumors, spinal traumas, ischemia, and inflammatory processes affecting the spine. [Definition Source: NCI]
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
A rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of coagulation factor XI. It may be asymptomatic or manifest with bleeding. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hereditary Factor XI Deficiency
A syndrome caused by progressive degeneration of the frontal or temporal lobes of the brain. It is manifested with personality changes and deterioration of the language skills. [Definition Source: NCI]
Frontotemporal Dementia
A serious metabolic condition caused by mutations in the MTHFR gene, medications, or nutritional deficiency. It results in increased levels of homocysteine in the blood. Patients with this condition are at an increased risk for recurrent blood clots formation and cardiovascular accidents. [Definition Source: NCI]
Hyperhomocysteinemia
A group of inherited or acquired skin disorders characterized by a dry, thickened, and scaly skin. The skin changes range from mild to severe. [Definition Source: NCI]
Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid. [Definition Source: NCI]
Ann Arbor Stage IV Mantle Cell Lymphoma
A disorder characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, toxins, drugs, and multiple sclerosis. It may manifest with acute loss of vision and pain. [Definition Source: NCI]
Optic Neuritis
A rare neurologic progressive disorder characterized by impairment of the language and speech abilities. [Definition Source: NCI]
Primary Progressive Aphasia
A progressive motor neuron disorder affecting the muscles which are innervated by cranial nerves of the lower brain stem. Signs and symptoms include difficulties in chewing and swallowing, dysarthria, and weakness of the facial muscles and tongue. [Definition Source: NCI]
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
A rare, milder form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is characterized by a slowly progressive clinical course. Signs and symptoms include muscle weakness, atrophy, and fasciculation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Progressive Muscular Atrophy
A tumor at the original site of origin. [Definition Source: NCI]
Primary Neoplasm
A rare, slowly progressive degenerative disorder affecting males. It is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. It is characterized by bulbar and limb muscle weakness and atrophy, and gynecomastia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy, X-linked 1
Ann Arbor Stage IV T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the hard and/or soft palate; it is the result of the failure of the two sides of the palate to fuse during embryonic development. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cleft Palate
A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation. [Definition Source: NCI]
Fibromyalgia
A common, severe type of vascular headache often associated with increased sympathetic activity, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity. [Definition Source: NCI]
Migraine
A carcinoma arising from either the exocervical squamous epithelium or the endocervical glandular epithelium. The major histologic types of cervical carcinoma are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Carcinoma
Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents within the bowel. [Definition Source: NCI]
Bowel Obstruction
This gene is involved in gene expression, genomic integrity and RNA processing. [Definition Source: NCI]
FUS Gene
A category of psychiatric disorders which have as their most predominant feature a disturbance in mood. [Definition Source: NCI]
Mood Disorder
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. [Definition Source: NCI]
Malignant Colon Neoplasm
The backward flow of stomach acid contents into the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach). [Definition Source: NCI]
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Physical and psychological dependence on alcohol. [Definition Source: NCI]
Alcohol Dependance
A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas. [Definition Source: NCI]
Malignant Neoplasm
A carcinoma arising from the epithelium of the renal parenchyma or the renal pelvis. The majority are renal cell carcinomas. Kidney carcinomas usually affect middle aged and elderly adults. Hematuria, abdominal pain, and a palpable mass are common symptoms. [Definition Source: NCI]
Kidney Carcinoma
A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, that is characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat, and fever. [Definition Source: NCI]
Scarlet Fever
A neoplastic process in the cervix characterized by morphologic features of both moderate and severe intraepithelial neoplasia. [Definition Source: NCI]
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3
A female relative who is a sibling of either of the biological parents, and who share a common ancestor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Aunt
A male relative who is the biological father of either the biological mother or the biological father. [Definition Source: NCI]
Grandfather
A female relative who is the biological mother of either the biological mother or the biological father. [Definition Source: NCI]
Grandmother
A female relative who is a sibling of the biological mother, and who both share a common ancestor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Maternal Aunt
A male relative who is a sibling of the biological mother, and who both share a common ancestor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Maternal Uncle
A female relative who is a sibling of the biological father, and who both share a common ancestor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Paternal Aunt
A male relative who is a sibling of the biological father, and who both share a common ancestor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Paternal Uncle
A male relative who is a sibling of either of the biological parents, and who share a common ancestor. [Definition Source: NCI]
Uncle
A contagious childhood disorder caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is transmitted via respiratory secretions and contact with chickenpox blister contents. It presents with a vesicular skin rash, usually associated with fever, headache, and myalgias. The pruritic fluid-filled vesicles occur 10-21 days after exposure and last for 3-4 days. An additional 3-4 days of malaise follows before the affected individual feels better. An individual is contagious 1-2 days prior to the appearance of the blisters until all blisters are crusted over. Generally, healthy individuals recover without complications. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chicken Pox
An acute inflammation of the tonsils caused by viruses or bacteria. Signs and symptoms include fever, enlargement of the tonsils, difficulty swallowing, and enlargement of the regional lymph nodes. [Definition Source: NCI]
Acute Tonsillitis
A persistent non-neoplastic disorder of the lungs. Representative examples include: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, atelectasis, radiation induced pneumonitis, and radiation fibrosis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Chronic Lung Disorder
A rare congenital syndrome characterized by the fusion of the vertebrae in the cervical spine. Patients present with a short neck and restricted mobility of the upper spine. Other signs and symptoms include scoliosis, spina bifida, cleft palate, and rib malformations. [Definition Source: NCI]
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Traumatic or pathological injury to the radius bone in which the continuity of the bone is broken. [Definition Source: NCI]
Radius Fracture
Traumatic or pathological injury to the tibia in which the continuity of the bone is broken. [Definition Source: NCI]
Tibia Fracture
A disorder characterized by the degeneration of the nervous system due to autoimmunity. Representative examples include multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myasthenia gravis. [Definition Source: NCI]
Autoimmune Nervous System Disorder
An adverse event that occurs after a drug administration. [Definition Source: OAE]
Adverse Drug Event
An errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an ineffective drug. [Definition Source: OAE]
Administration of Ineffective Drug
A hypersensitivity AE that has an outcome of allergic reactions to certain drugs. [Definition Source: OAE]
Drug Hypersensitivity AE
A drug AE that has an outcome of lower threshold to the normal pharmacologic action of a drug. [Definition Source: OAE]
Drug Intolerance AE
Institute of Molecular Medicine Joao Lobo Antunes
Instituto de medicina molecular Joao Lobo Antunes
Nicola Ferro
Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio
Laura Menotti
Guglielmo Faggioli
Stefano Marchesin
Gianmaria Silvello
Diminished psychological function.
Behavioral Impairment
Therapy based on cortisone used for treating relapses.
Cortisone Therapy for Relapse
Symptomatic therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Drugs for MS Symptomatic Therapy
Therapy for managing side effects of MS therapy.
Drugs for MS Therapy Side Effects
Any drugs used to treat other diseases.
Drugs for Other Diseases
Therapy employed to slow the progression of the disease.
Immunoactive Drugs
Covid-19 Vaccines
BG-12
Ecunerv is recommended to help maintain normal functions of the nervous system under abnormal conditions such as neuropathy (due to mechanical, metabolic, toxic, ischemic, optical, alcoholic, diabetic or post-herpetic causes), canalicular syndrome, radiculopathy. B-vitamins (B1, B6 and B12) work in synergy with magnesium and help maintain normal functions of the nervous system. Vitamin E helps protect cells from oxidative stress. [Definition Source: https://www.ecupharma.it/en/ecunerv - visited on November 28th, 2022]
Ecunerv
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
Mondino Foundation
University of Padua
Università degli Studi di Padova
University of Turin
Università degli Studi di Torino
Nitrogen Dioxide concentration
Ozone concentration
Particulate Matter <10 µm concentration
Particulate Matter <2.5 µm concentration
Sulphur Dioxide concentration