<?xml version="1.0" ?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC '-//TaxonX//DTD Taxonomic Treatment Publishing DTD v0 20100105//EN' '../../nlm/tax-treatment-NS0.dtd'><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:tp="http://www.plazi.org/taxpub" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">ZooKeys</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">ZooKeys</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.754.24210</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"> <subject>Research Article</subject> </subj-group> <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon"> <subject>Pauropoda</subject> </subj-group> <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject"> <subject>Taxonomy</subject> </subj-group> <subj-group subj-group-type="geographical_area"> <subject>Far East</subject> </subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title> Study on the <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> from Tibet, China. Part I. The genera <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ( <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="subphylum">Myriapoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> ) </article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Qian</surname>
<given-names>Chang-Yuan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Bu</surname>
<given-names>Yun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Dong</surname>
<given-names>Yan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
<name name-style="western">
<surname>Luan</surname>
<given-names>Yun-Xia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai 200041, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="corresp">
<p> Corresponding authors: Yun Bu ( <email xlink:type="simple">buy@sstm.org.cn</email> ); Yun-Xia Luan ( <email xlink:type="simple">yxluan@sibs.ac.cn</email> ) </p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by">
<p>Academic editor: P. Stoev</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<issue>754</issue>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>3</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2018</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>15</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2018</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Chang-Yuan Qian, Yun Bu, Yan Dong, Yun-Xia Luan</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p> </license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple">http://zoobank.org/263A73C9-6E31-492B-A5DD-B3F08EB2EB17</self-uri>
<abstract>
<label>Abstract</label>
<p> Three new species of family <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Pauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> : <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Qian & Bu, <bold>sp. n.</bold> , <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="tibeticus">tibeticus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Qian & Bu, <bold>sp. n.</bold> and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Qian & Bu, <bold>sp. n.</bold> are described and illustrated from southeastern Tibet, China. The genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> is recorded for the first time from China. This is the second report of pauropods from Tibet. </p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<label>Keywords</label>
<kwd>diversity</kwd>
<kwd>Motuo County</kwd>
<kwd>new record</kwd>
<kwd>new species</kwd>
<kwd> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Pauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </kwd>
<kwd>taxonomy</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
<notes>
<sec sec-type="Citation" id="SECID0ECH">
<title>Citation</title>
<p> Qian C-Y, Bu Y, Dong Y, Luan Y-X (2018) Study on the Pauropoda from Tibet, China. Part I. The genera <italic>Decapauropus</italic> and <italic>Hemipauropus</italic> (Myriapoda). ZooKeys 754: 33–46. <ext-link xlink:type="simple" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.3897/zookeys.754.24210">https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.754.24210</ext-link> </p>
</sec>
</notes>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="Introduction" id="SECID0EGAAC">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p> To date, there is only one species of <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> reported in Tibet ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Zhang and Chen 1988</xref> ). Since only a single specimen was obtained and was tentatively identified as <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Sphaeropauropus">Sphaeropauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. of the family <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Sphaeropauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , Silvestri, 1930. For the last thirty years, this remained the only record of <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> from Tibet. In November 2015, a short expedition to Motuo and Bomi counties, southeastern Tibet of China was carried out. In total, 50 specimens of <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> were obtained during the expedition. In the present study, we describe and illustrate three new species of the family <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Pauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> Lubbock, 1867, including one species belonging to the genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> , which is recorded for the first time from China. The other two species belong to the genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . This is the second report of pauropods from the territory of Tibet. </p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="materials|methods" id="SECID0EACAC">
<title>Materials and methods</title>
<p> Sampling was made in three areas of southeastern Tibet in 2015: Dexing town, Motuo County; Beibeng town, Motuo County, and Songzong town, Bomi County. Pauropods were collected by means of Tullgren’s funnel. Specimens were sorted under a stereo dissection microscope and preserved in 80% alcohol. Each specimen was mounted with Hoyer’s solution and identified under a phase contrast microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE N <italic>i</italic> , objective lens 100X / 1.30 Oil, ∞/ 0.17 WD 0.20 (0.16)). All specimens were deposited in the collection maintained by the Shanghai Natural History Museum ( <bold> <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0EJCAC">SNHM</abbrev> </bold> ) and the Shanghai Entomological Museum ( <bold> <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Entomological Museum" id="ABBRID0EPCAC">SEM</abbrev> </bold> ). </p>
<p>Abbreviations used in the descriptions:</p>
<p>
<bold> Head. <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> </bold> – a submedian pair of setae on tergal side of head, <bold> <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> </bold> – an intermediate pair of setae on tergal side of head, <bold> <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> </bold> – a sublateral pair of setae on tergal side of head, <bold> <italic>a</italic> <sub>4</sub> </bold> – a posterolateral pair of setae on head. </p>
<p>
<bold> Antenna. <italic>bs</italic> </bold> – base segment of antennal flagellum, <bold> <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> </bold> – flagellum of tergal antennal branch; <bold> <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> </bold> – anterior flagellum of sternal antennal branch, <bold> <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> </bold> – posterior flagellum of sternal antennal branch, <bold> <italic>g</italic> </bold> – globulus of sternal antennal branch, <bold> <italic>p</italic> </bold> – a tergal seta on fourth antennal segment, <bold> <italic>p</italic> </bold> ’ – an anterior seta on fourth antennal segment, <bold> <italic>p</italic> </bold> ” – a sternal seta on fourth antennal segment, <bold> <italic>q</italic> </bold> – a seta on sternal side of sternal antennal branch, <bold> <italic>r</italic> </bold> – a posterior seta on fourth antennal segment, <bold> <italic>s</italic> </bold> – sternal antennal branch, <bold> <italic>t</italic> </bold> – tergal antennal branch. </p>
<p>
<bold> Trunk. <italic>T</italic> <sub>1–5</sub> </bold> – first to fifth pair of bothriotricha on tergites. </p>
<p>
<bold> Pygidial tergum. <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> </bold> – (sub) median pair of setae, <bold> <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> </bold> – intermediate pair of setae, <bold> <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> </bold> – sublateral pair of setae, <bold> <italic>st</italic> </bold> – styli. </p>
<p>
<bold> Pygidial sternum. <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> </bold> – posterior pair of setae, <bold> <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> </bold> – lateral pair of setae, <bold> <italic>b</italic> <sub>3</sub> </bold> – anterior pair of setae. </p>
<p>Measurements are provided as length of body in mm; the range of variation in adult paratypes is given in brackets. Absolute lengths of all other body parts are given in μm. Otherwise, the text refers relative lengths.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="Results" id="SECID0E3FAC">
<title>Results</title>
<sec sec-type="Taxonomy" id="SECID0EAGAC">
<title>Taxonomy</title>
<sec sec-type="Family Pauropodidae" id="SECID0E3FAM">
<title> Family <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Pauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </title>
<sec sec-type="Genus Decapauropus Remy, 1931" id="SECID0E3GEN">
<title> Genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Remy, 1931 </title>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Animalia</named-content> </kwd>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">ORDO</named-content> </kwd>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">FAMILIA</named-content> </kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<object-id content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple">http://zoobank.org/2E2C1271-92AD-4001-8192-9A652779E81D</object-id>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>Qian & Bu</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:taxon-status>sp. n.</tp:taxon-status>
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1</xref> <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">, 2</xref>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="material" id="SECID0EEIAC">
<title>Material examined.</title>
<p> Holotype, adult with 9 pairs of legs, female (slide no. XZ-PA2015025) ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0EKIAC">SNHM</abbrev> ), China, Tibet, Motuo county, Dexing town, extracted from soil samples in a broad-leaved forest, alt. 1100 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"> <named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[95.433333,29.666667]}" id="NCID0ESIAC">29°40'N, 95°26'E</named-content> </named-content> , 3-XI-2015, coll. Y. Bu & G. Yang. Paratypes, 2 adults, with 9 pairs of legs, females (slides no. XZ-PA2015019 ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0EXIAC">SNHM</abbrev> ), XZ-PA2015026 ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Entomological Museum" id="ABBRID0E3IAC">SEM</abbrev> )), 2 subadults, with 8 pairs of legs (slides no. XZ-PA2015027 ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0EBJAC">SNHM</abbrev> ), XZ-PA2015031 ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Entomological Museum" id="ABBRID0EGJAC">SEM</abbrev> )), same data as holotype. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="etymology" id="SECID0ELJAC">
<title>Etymology.</title>
<p> From the Latin <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus"/> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> referring to the anal plate with two pairs of clavate appendages. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="diagnosis" id="SECID0E2JAC">
<title>Diagnosis.</title>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. is distinguished from the other species in the genus by the shape of the anal plate: subquadrate, with obvious U-shape and concave lateral margins; distal part with 4 posteriorly directed clavate appendages, dorsal ones thickest, straight, annulate, those protruding from sternal side shorter and thinner, straight, glabrous. Posterior part of the pygidial sternum evenly rounded. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="description" id="SECID0EMKAC">
<title>Description.</title>
<p> Holotype length 0.6 mm (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2A</xref> ). </p>
<p>
<italic>Head</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1B</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2E</xref> ). Dorsal head setae short to moderately long, clavate, lateral ones cylindrical. Relative lengths of setae, 1 <sup>st</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 10, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 8 (10); 2 <sup>nd</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = (9) 10, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 18 (19) <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 14; 3 <sup>rd</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 8 (10), <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = (10) 12; 4 <sup>th</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 8, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = (16) 18, <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = (18) 20, <italic>a</italic> <sub>4</sub> = (30) 32; lateral group setae <italic>l</italic> <sub>1</sub> =26 (27), <italic>l</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 22 (25) <italic>l</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 20 (30); the ratio <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> / <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> in 1 <sup>st</sup> row 0.8, 2 <sup>nd</sup> row 0.4, 3 <sup>rd</sup> row 0.4 and 4 <sup>th</sup> row 0.4. Temporal organs oval in dorsal view, their length 1.4 times as long as their shortest distance apart. Head cuticle glabrous. </p>
<fig id="F1" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figure 1.</label>
<caption>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. (holotype) <bold>A</bold> Left antenna, tergal view <bold>B</bold> Head, median and right part, dorsal view <bold>C</bold> Collum segment, median and left part, sternal view <bold>D</bold> <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> <bold>E</bold> Setae on coxa (left) and trochanter (right) of leg IX <bold>F</bold> Tarsus of leg IX <bold>G</bold> tergum of pygidum <bold>H</bold> sternum of pygidum. Scale bars: 20 μm. </p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zookeys-754-033-g001.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="oo_200244.jpg"/>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figure 2.</label>
<caption>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. (holotype) <bold>A</bold> Habitus <bold>B</bold> Antenna, tergal view <bold>C</bold> Antenna, sternal view <bold>D</bold> Collum segment, sternal view <bold>E</bold> Head, dorsal view <bold>F</bold> <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> <bold>G</bold> Tergite I <bold>H</bold> Tergum of pygidum <bold>I</bold> Sternum of pygidum. Scale bars: 100 μm ( <bold>A</bold> ), 20 μm ( <bold>B–I</bold> ). </p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zookeys-754-033-g002.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="oo_200245.jpg"/>
</fig>
<p>
<italic>Antennae</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1A</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2B</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2C</xref> ). Antennal segment 4 with four cylindrical setae; relative lengths of setae: <italic>p</italic> = 100, <italic>p</italic> ’ = (39.9) 41.4, <italic>p</italic> ’’ = 62.5 (63.8), <italic>r</italic> = (26) 27.6; tergal seta <italic>p</italic> (1.2) 1.3 times as long as tergal branch <italic>t.</italic> The latter cylindrical, 2.2 (2.3) times as long as its greatest diameter and (1.6) 1.7 times as long as sternal branch <italic>s</italic> , which itself is 2.3 times as long as its greatest diameter. Seta <italic>q</italic> cylindrical, blunt, 1.3 times as long as <italic>s. F</italic> <sub>3</sub> very thin with small base segment. Relative lengths of flagella (base segments included) and base segments: <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 6; <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 44.4, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 4; <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> =83.3, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 5. <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> 4.5 times as long as <italic>t, F</italic> <sub>2</sub> and <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> 2.7 and 5.0 times as long as <italic>s</italic> respectively. Distal calyces small; <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> and <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> with fusiform flagella axes just below calyx. Distal calyces spherical; distal part of flagella axes fusiform. Globulus <italic>g</italic> 1.75 times as long as wide; about 12 bracts, capsule subspherical; width of <italic>g</italic> 0.67 of the greatest diameter of <italic>t.</italic> Antennae nearly glabrous. </p>
<p>
<italic>Trunk.</italic> Setae on collum subcylindrical, striate, and appearing simple. Sublateral setae length 27 μm, 2.5 times as long as submedian setae (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1C</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2D</xref> ); sternite process triangular, pointed; appendages narrowing distally and with flat caps (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1C</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2D</xref> ). Setae on tergites thin, cylindrical; 4 + 4 setae on tergite I (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2 G</xref> ), 6 + 6 on II–IV, 6 + 4 on V, 4 + 2 on VI. Tergites glabrous. </p>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Bothriotricha">Bothriotricha</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . Relative lengths: <italic>T</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>T</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 126.7, <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 106.7, <italic>T</italic> <sub>4</sub> =128.0, <italic>T</italic> <sub>5</sub> = 206.7. Axes simple, straight, in all but <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> very thin; axes of <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> thickened in distal half (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1D</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2F</xref> ). Pubescent hairs simple, short, thin, strongest on distal half of <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> . </p>
<p>
<italic>Legs.</italic> Setae on coxa and trochanter of leg IX length 20 and 23 μm respectively, furcate with subcylindrical, annulate, blunt branches (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1E</xref> ). Tarsus of leg IX long, 45 μm, tapering, 4.1 times as long as its greatest diameter (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1F</xref> ). Proximal seta long, 14 μm, tapering, striate; distal seta 11 μm, tapering, striate; their lengths 0.35 and 0.30 of the tarsal length, respectively. Cuticle of tarsus glabrous. </p>
<p>
<italic>Pygidum. Tergum</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1G</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2H</xref> ). Posterior margin evenly rounded but with small median triangular lobe between <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> and <italic>st</italic> , the lobe granulated distally. Relative lengths of setae: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 82.4, <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 117.6, <italic>st</italic> = 58.8. All setae subcylindrical, blunt, striate; <italic>st</italic> convergent; Distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> 0.64 of length of <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ; distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> 3.3 times as long as <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> ; distance <italic>st</italic> – <italic>st</italic> 1.5 times as long as <italic>st</italic> and 1.4 times as long as distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> . <italic>Sternum</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1H</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2I</xref> ). Posterior margin evenly rounded and smooth between <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> . Relative lengths of setae ( <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> =100): <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 235.3, <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 82.4. All setae subcylindrical, blunt, striate. Distance <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> 0.7 of length of <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> ; distance <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> 1.1 times as long as <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> . </p>
<p>
<italic>Anal plate</italic> subquadrate, with obvious U shape concave lateral margins; distal part with four posteriorly directed clavate appendages, tergal ones thickest, straight, annulate, those protruding from sternal side shorter and thinner, straight, glabrous. Tergal and sternal appendages 0.9 and 0.5 times as long as plate respectively. Plate and sternum glabrous. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="remarks" id="SECID0EGIAE">
<title>Remarks.</title>
<p> This new species seems to be a very close relative of <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="bedosae">bedosae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Scheller from north-western Thailand ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Scheller 1995</xref> ) and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="cibodasensis">cibodasensis</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Scheller from Singapore ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Scheller 2007</xref> ). They can be distinguished by the shape of the posterior part of the pygidial sternum (margin evenly rounded in the new species vs. straight in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="cibodasensis">cibodasensis</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ; with broad indentation in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="bedosae">bedosae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ) and by the shape of the anal plate (plate short with medium appendages in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="biconjugarus">biconjugarus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ; plate short with long appendages in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="cibodasensis">cibodasensis</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ; plate longer with sort appendages, especially the sternal ones in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">D.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="bedosae">bedosae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ). </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Animalia</named-content> </kwd>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">ORDO</named-content> </kwd>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">FAMILIA</named-content> </kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="tibeticus">tibeticus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<object-id content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple">http://zoobank.org/353D5D52-EE05-4DA6-A063-77441C7E6C61</object-id>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>Qian & Bu</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:taxon-status>sp. n.</tp:taxon-status>
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3</xref> <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">, 4</xref>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="material" id="SECID0EVMAE">
<title>Material examined.</title>
<p> Holotype, adult with nine pairs of legs, female (slide no. XZ-PA2015007) ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0E2MAE">SNHM</abbrev> ), China, Tibet, Linzhi City, Bomi county, Songzong town, extracted from soil samples in a broad-leaved forest, Alt. 3000 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"> <named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[96.600000,30.266667]}" id="NCID0EDNAE">29°76'N, 95°96'E</named-content> </named-content> , 7-XI-2015, coll. Y. Bu & G. Yang. Paratype, adult with 9 pairs of legs, female (slide no. XZ-PA2015009) ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0EINAE">SNHM</abbrev> ), same data as holotype. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="etymology" id="SECID0EPNAE">
<title>Etymology.</title>
<p>The species is named after Tibet.</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="diagnosis" id="SECID0EUNAE">
<title>Diagnosis.</title>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="tibeticus">tibeticus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. is distinguished from the other species in the genus by the shape of the anal plate bearing comma shaped appendages with pubescence. This in combination with <italic>st</italic> expanded and annulate distally is a very peculiar character for members of this genus. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="description" id="SECID0EHOAE">
<title>Description.</title>
<p> Holotype length 0.72 mm (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4A</xref> ), paratype length 0.77 mm. </p>
<p>
<italic>Head</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3B</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4E</xref> ). Dorsal head setae short, blunt, densely annulate. Relative lengths of setae: 1 <sup>st</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 10, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 12 (8.6); 2 <sup>nd</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 12 (10), <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 22 (14.3), <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 18 (14.3); 3 <sup>rd</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 16 (10), <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 18 (12.9); 4 <sup>th</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 18 (8.6), <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 24 (17.1), <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 26 (12.9), <italic>a</italic> <sub>4</sub> = 22.9 (?); lateral group setae <italic>l</italic> <sub>1</sub> = (20) 22.5, <italic>l</italic> <sub>2</sub> = (17) 20, <italic>l</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 14 (?). Ratio <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> / <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ‒ <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> in 1 <sup>st</sup> row 0.6, in 2 <sup>nd</sup> row 0.4, in 3 <sup>rd</sup> row 0.3, in 4 <sup>th</sup> row 0.75. Length of temporal organs 1.2 times as long as shortest interdistance. Head cuticle glabrous. </p>
<fig id="F3" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figure 3.</label>
<caption>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="tibeticus">tibeticus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. (holotype) <bold>A</bold> Right antenna, sternal view <bold>B</bold> Head, median and right part, dorsal view <bold>C</bold> Collum segment, median and left part, sternal view <bold>D</bold> Tarsus of leg IX <bold>E</bold> Setae on trochanter of leg IX <bold>F</bold> T3 <bold>G</bold> Tergum of pygidum <bold>H</bold> Sternum of pygidum. Scale bars: 20 μm. </p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zookeys-754-033-g003.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="oo_200246.jpg"/>
</fig>
<fig id="F4" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figure 4.</label>
<caption>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Decapauropus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="tibeticus">tibeticus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. (holotype) <bold>A</bold> Habitus <bold>B</bold> Right antenna, sternal view <bold>C</bold> <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> <bold>D</bold> Collum segment, sternal view <bold>E</bold> Head, dorsal view <bold>F</bold> Tergite I <bold>G</bold> Tergite II <bold>H</bold> Tergite VI. Scale bars: 100 μm ( <bold>A</bold> ), 20 μm ( <bold>B–H</bold> ). </p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zookeys-754-033-g004.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="oo_200247.jpg"/>
</fig>
<p>
<italic>Antennae</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3A</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4B</xref> ). Antennal segment 4 with four cylindrical, annulate setae. Relative lengths of setae: <italic>p</italic> = 100, <italic>p</italic> ’ = 46.2 (77.8), <italic>p</italic> ” = 53.8 (66.7), <italic>r</italic> = 61.5 (88.9). Tergal seta <italic>p</italic> 1.3 (0.9 of) times as long as tergal branch <italic>t.</italic> The latter slender, cylindrical, 1.7 times as long as greatest diameter and 0.8 of sternal branch <italic>s</italic> which is 2.2 (1.5) times as long as greatest diameter; seta <italic>q</italic> 0.9 of sternal branch <italic>s.</italic> Relative lengths of flagella (base segment included) and base segments: <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 7.9 (8), <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 36.5 (33.3), <italic>bs</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 13 (12), <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 85.7 (73.3), <italic>bs</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 9.3 (9.1). <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> 6.3 (7.5) times as long as <italic>t. F</italic> <sub>2</sub> and <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> 1.8 (2.1) and 4.2 (4.6) times as long as <italic>s</italic> , respectively. Globulus <italic>g</italic> 1.8 (1.6) times as long as greatest diameter; width of <italic>g</italic> 0.7 (0.8) of greatest diameter of <italic>t</italic> . </p>
<p>
<italic>Trunk.</italic> Setae on collum segment subcylindrical, simple, annulate (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3C</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4D</xref> ). Sublateral setae length 21 μm, 2.1 times as long as submedian setae (10 μm); sternite process thin, pointed anteriorly, with a little incision; appendages with low caps (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3C</xref> ). Process and appendages with particles. Seta on tergites annulate, 4+4 on tergite I (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4F</xref> ), 6+6 on II‒IV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4G</xref> ), 6+4 on V, 4+2 on VI (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4H</xref> ). </p>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Bothriotricha">Bothriotricha</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . Relative lengths: <italic>T</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>T</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 107.7 (107.1), <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 92.3 (92.9), <italic>T</italic> <sub>4</sub> = 107.7 (107.1), <italic>T</italic> <sub>5</sub> = 123.1 (121.4). All but <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> with very thin, simple straight axes and with short oblique pubescence. Axes of <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> thickened in distal half. Pubescent hairs simple, short, thin, strongest on distal half of <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3F</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4C</xref> ). </p>
<p>
<italic>Legs.</italic> Coxa and trochanter of leg IX with furcate setae, lengths 10 and 11 μm respectively, branches subcylindrical, blunt (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3G</xref> ). Tarsus of leg IX short, 23 μm (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3D</xref> ), somewhat tapering, 2.7 (2.9) times as long as greatest diameter; setae on similar appearance, thin, cylindrical, annulate, length 6‒7 μm, approx. 0.2 of length of tarsus. </p>
<p>
<italic>Pygidum. Tergum</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3G</xref> ). Posterior margin of pygidial tergum evenly rounded. Relative lengths of setae: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> =100, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 86.7, <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 113.3, <italic>st</italic> = 66.7. All setae but <italic>st</italic> blunt, annulate; <italic>st</italic> subcylindrical, straight, annulate, with a little expanding distally; Distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ‒ <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> 0.73 of <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ; distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ‒ <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> 2.7 times as long as <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> ; distance <italic>st</italic> – <italic>st</italic> 1.7 times as long as <italic>st</italic> and <italic>st</italic> – <italic>st</italic> 1.3 times as long as distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ‒ <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> . <italic>Sternum</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3H</xref> ). Posterior margin of sternum evenly rounded. Relative lengths of setae ( <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> =100): <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 233.3 (187.5), <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 80 (68.8). All setae cylindrical, annulate. Distance <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> ‒ <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> 1.8 times as long as length of <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> ; distance <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> ‒ <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> 0.16 of length of <italic>b</italic> <sub>2</sub> . </p>
<p>
<italic>Anal plate</italic> subsquare, glabrous, width 0.9 of length, posterior margin with two short, comma shaped, pubescent appendages, appendages with a pair of little stubs that are almost half length of plate. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="remarks" id="SECID0EL2AE">
<title>Remarks.</title>
<p>The species differs significantly from the other congeners. The comma shaped appendages of the anal plate with a pair of little stubs are characters unknown in other members of the genus.</p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="Hemipauropus Silvestri, 1902, new record to China" id="SECID0EPHEM">
<title> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> Silvestri, 1902, new record to China. </title>
<p> <bold>Type species.</bold>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="leptoproctus">leptoproctus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Silvestri, 1902 </p>
<p> <bold>Diagnosis.</bold>
Preanal segment much narrower than other body segments, cuticles of tergites with reticulations, particularly on most anterior and posterior parts; pygidial sternum with one pair of seta, <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> . </p>
<p> <bold>Distribution.</bold>
Palaearctic region; Neotropical region; Ethiopian region; Oriental region; Australian region. </p>
<tp:taxon-treatment>
<tp:treatment-meta>
<kwd-group>
<label>Taxon classification</label>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="kingdom" xlink:type="simple">Animalia</named-content> </kwd>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="order" xlink:type="simple">ORDO</named-content> </kwd>
<kwd> <named-content content-type="family" xlink:type="simple">FAMILIA</named-content> </kwd>
</kwd-group>
</tp:treatment-meta>
<tp:nomenclature>
<tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part>
<object-id content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple">http://zoobank.org/15D1D101-8426-49BC-A74B-AC15355BA09E</object-id>
</tp:taxon-name>
<tp:taxon-authority>Qian & Bu</tp:taxon-authority>
<tp:taxon-status>sp. n.</tp:taxon-status>
<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5</xref> <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">, 6</xref>
</tp:nomenclature>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="material" id="SECID0EB6AE">
<title>Material examined.</title>
<p> Holotype, adult with nine pairs of legs, male (slide no. XZ-PA2015037) ( <abbrev content-type="institution" xlink:title="Shanghai Natural History Museum" id="ABBRID0EH6AE">SNHM</abbrev> ), China, Tibet, Motuo county, Beibeng town, extracted from the soil samples in a broad-leaved forest, alt. 1500 m, <named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates"> <named-content content-type="geo-json" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[95.633333,29.500000]}" id="NCID0EP6AE">29°30'N, 95°38'E</named-content> </named-content> , 5-XI-2015, coll. Y. Bu & G. Yang. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="etymology" id="SECID0EU6AE">
<title>Etymology.</title>
<p> From Latin <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus"/> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> meaning four angles and referring to the shape of the base of the anal plate. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="diagnosis" id="SECID0EFAAG">
<title>Diagnosis.</title>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. is distinguished from the other species in the genus by the shape of the anal plate, which has a peculiar small Shuriken base and 6+6 setae on tergite IV. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="description" id="SECID0EWAAG">
<title>Description.</title>
<p> Length. 0.85 mm (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6A</xref> ). </p>
<p>
<italic>Head</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5B</xref> ). Tergal setae rather long, leaf-shaped, with short pubescence, lateral setae including <italic>a</italic> 3 of 2 <sup>nd</sup> row and <italic>a</italic> 4 of 4 <sup>th</sup> row, cylindrical, tapering in distal half, pointed. Relative lengths of setae, 1 <sup>st</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = ?, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> =10; 2 <sup>nd</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = ?, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = ?; <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 15; 3 <sup>rd</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = ?, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 10.7; 4 <sup>th</sup> row: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 11.4, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 12.9, <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = ?, <italic>a</italic> <sub>4</sub> = 10; lateral group setae: <italic>l</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 24.3, <italic>l</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 25.7, <italic>l</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 20. Ratio <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> / <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> in 1 <sup>st</sup> to 3 <sup>rd</sup> row unknown, in 4 <sup>th</sup> row 0.9. Temporal organs oval in tergal view, length 1.4 of shortest interdistance; pistil absent. Head cuticle with very fine granules, temporal organs glabrous. </p>
<p>
<italic>Antennae</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5A</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6H</xref> ). Setae on segments 1–3 folioform. Segment 4 with four setae, <italic>p</italic> and <italic>p</italic> ’ subcylidrical, <italic>p</italic> ” leaf-shaped, <italic>r</italic> very thin, <italic>p</italic> ’ and <italic>p</italic> ” striate; relative lengths of setae: <italic>p</italic> = 10, <italic>p</italic> ’ = 9.3, <italic>p</italic> ” = 3.3, <italic>r</italic> = 4. Tergal branch <italic>t</italic> somewhat fusiform, 3.8 times as long as greatest diameter and 0.95 of the length of sternal branch <italic>s</italic> ; that branch 2.9 times as long as greatest diameter; anterodistal corner truncated. Seta <italic>q</italic> 1.3 times as long as seta <italic>p</italic> ’ of segment 4, 0.95 of the length of <italic>s.</italic> Relative lengths of flagella (base segments included) and base segments: <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 17.3; <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 46.7, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 14.7; <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 101.3, <italic>bs</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 14.7. <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> 3.3 times as long as <italic>t, F</italic> <sub>2</sub> and <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> 1.2 and 2.5 times as long as <italic>s</italic> respectively. Distal organ of <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> and <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> consisting of densely arranged pubescent bracts around sessile capsule, <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> with flat calyx; flagella axes below distal organs not widened in <italic>F</italic> <sub>1</sub> and <italic>F</italic> <sub>2</sub> , slightly in <italic>F</italic> <sub>3</sub> . Globulus <italic>g</italic> pyriform, 0.2 of the length of <italic>s</italic> , diameter 0.8 of greatest diameter of <italic>t</italic> ; 8–10 bracts; capsule subspherical. Antennae almost glabrous. </p>
<fig id="F5" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figure 5.</label>
<caption>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. (Holotype) <bold>A</bold> Left antenna, tergal view <bold>B</bold> Head, median and right part, dorsal view <bold>C</bold> Collum segment, sternal view <bold>D</bold> Tarsus of leg IX <bold>E</bold> Setae on trochanter of leg IX <bold>F</bold> Genital papillae <bold>G</bold> Tergum of pygidum <bold>H</bold> Sternum of pygidum. Scale bars: 20 μm. </p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zookeys-754-033-g005.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="oo_200248.jpg"/>
</fig>
<fig id="F6" position="float" orientation="portrait">
<label>Figure 6.</label>
<caption>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. (Holotype) <bold>A</bold> Habitus <bold>B</bold> Collum segment, sternal view <bold>C</bold> Tergite I <bold>D</bold> Tergite II <bold>E</bold> Tergite III <bold>F</bold> Tergite IV <bold>G</bold> Tergite V–VI <bold>H</bold> Right antenna, sternal view <bold>I</bold> Legs I–II and genital papillae <bold>J</bold> Leg IX. Scale bars: 100 μm ( <bold>A</bold> ), 20 μm ( <bold>N–J</bold> ). </p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zookeys-754-033-g006.jpg" position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" id="oo_200249.jpg"/>
</fig>
<p>
<italic>Trunk.</italic> Setae of collum segment broad, phylliform, pubescent, secondary branch rudimentary and inserted just below the middle; sublateral setae length 20 μm, 1.3 times as long as submedian setae; sternite process broad, pointed anteriorly; appendages two-parted with low caps. Process with pubescence and appendages glabrous (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5C</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6B</xref> ). Tergites indistinctly divided transversally, II–IV with reticular pattern on both sides of the dividing line, only posterior of that line on VI (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C–G</xref> ). Setae cylindrical, 4+4 setae on tergite I (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6C</xref> ), 6+6 on II–V (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6 D–G</xref> ), 4 only on VI (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6G</xref> ). Submedian posterior setae on VI 0.2 of inter-distance and 0.4 (–0.5) of the length of pygidial setae <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> . Tergites glabrous. </p>
<p>
<italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Bothriotricha">Bothriotricha</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . Relative lengths: <italic>T</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 100, <italic>T</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 104.8, <italic>T</italic> <sub>3</sub> = ?, <italic>T</italic> <sub>4</sub> =104.8, <italic>T</italic> <sub>5</sub> = ?. Axes thin, simple, straight, pubescence hairs exceedingly short. </p>
<p>
<italic>Genital papillae</italic> (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5F</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6I</xref> ). Longish, conical with narrowing and extended distal half, 1.6 times as long as wide, seta short, 0.3 of the length of papilla. Coxal seta of leg II as on leg I, length 10 μm (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6I</xref> ). </p>
<p>
<italic>Legs.</italic> Fairly long. Setae on coxa and trochanter of leg IX furcate, main branch leaf-shaped, secondary branch subcylindrical, blunt, 0.5 of the length of seta (Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5E</xref> , <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">6J</xref> ). Tarsus of leg IX long, broad, 60 μm in length, 4.3 times as long as greatest diameter; proximal seta short, blunt, length 10 μm, with pubescence, distal seta shorter and blunt, length 9 μm, with pubescence. Proximal seta 0.2 of the length of tarsus, 2.5 times as long as distal seta. Cuticle of tarsus almost glabrous (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5D</xref> ). </p>
<p>
<italic>Pygidium. Tergum</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5G</xref> ). Cuticle glabrous. Posterior margin smooth and round between <italic>st.</italic> Setae of very different lengths, <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> leaf shaped, pubescent, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> subcylindrical, almost straight, <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> thin, tapering, pointed, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> and <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> glabrous. <italic>st</italic> very short, pointed, converging; relative lengths of setae: <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 10, <italic>a</italic> <sub>2</sub> = 13.8, <italic>a</italic> <sub>3</sub> = 31.3, <italic>st</italic> = 6.3. Distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> 1.6 times as long as <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> ; distance <italic>st</italic> – <italic>st</italic> 3.0 times as long as <italic>st</italic> and 1.2 times as long as distance <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> – <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> . <italic>Sternum</italic> (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5H</xref> ). Posterior margin with a little indention; <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> blunt, striate distally. Relative lengths (pygidial <italic>a</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 10), <italic>b</italic> <sub>1</sub> = 27.8, 0.8 of their inter-distance. </p>
<p>
<italic>Anal plate</italic> simple and glabrous, with a little base, the base like a Shuriken; posterior median forked part 5.8 times as long as broadest basal part. </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
<tp:treatment-sec sec-type="remarks" id="SECID0EROAG">
<title>Remarks.</title>
<p> This species resembles <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="macropus">macropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Scheller, 2009 from the Philippines and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="clava">clava</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> Scheller, 2013 from Australia. They can be readily distinguished by the shape of the anal plate (with little Shuriken base in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. vs. broad base and two lateral spines in both <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="macropus">macropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="clava">clava</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ) and by the numbers of the setae on tergite IV (6+6 setae in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="quadrangulus">quadrangulus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. n. and <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="clava">clava</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> vs. 6+4 setae in <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">H.</tp:taxon-name-part> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="species" reg="macropus">macropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> ). </p>
</tp:treatment-sec>
</tp:taxon-treatment>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="Discussion" id="SECID0EPRAG">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>
<tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> is a group of tiny soil myriapods, usually less than 2 mm, with unique branched antennae, having 11 (or 12) body segments and 9 (or 10 or 11) pairs of legs ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Scheller 2011b</xref> ). All species lack eyes and most of them also lack a tracheal system. More than 900 species grouped in 12 families have been found in the world ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Qian et al. 2015</xref> ). However, pauropods are still poorly known in China. Up to now, only 42 species belonging to 12 genera and 4 families have been recorded in China, as most of them were found in southeast and east China ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Qian et al. 2015</xref> ). This study increased our knowledge of pauropod diversity in Tibet. </p>
<p> As one of the most ecologically diverse landscapes on earth, the Tibetan Plateau is home to numerous rare and endangered species, and has attracted so many taxonomists to explore the biodiversity, although it is a remote area at a high altitude. However, there is only one report on the pauropods in Tibet ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Zhang and Chen 1988</xref> ) before our study, probably due to their small size, cryptic behavior, and the difficulties in identification. </p>
<p> Two of three new species reported in this study were collected from Motuo County (northern latitude 27°33' to 29°55', east longitude 93°45' to 96°05'), in the Linzhi area of southeastern Tibet. Standing 1,000 meters above the sea level on average, Motuo is surrounded by snow-capped mountains. Meanwhile, located in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Motuo has a typical sub-tropical climate, warm and rainy all year round. The diversity of plants and animals in Motuo is rich in tropical species, with many endemic species ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Wu et al. 2005</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Zhang 2011</xref> ). In this study, a similar situation in soil-dwelling pauropods was found, especially for the genus <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> , which is recorded for the first time in China. This genus has been found in all main zoogeographical regions, but rarely in temperate areas ( <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Scheller 2011b</xref> ). The morphology of the <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Hemipauropus">Hemipauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> species are very close to some genera of the <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> distributed in the tropics. </p>
<p> Since our collecting sites in Tibet are still very sparse, we have not found the species of <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Sphaeropauropus">Sphaeropauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> sp. reported by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Zhang and Chen (1988)</xref> and further investigations should be made in the future so as to reveal the diversity of <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> in this area. </p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<ack>
<title>Acknowledgements</title>
<p>We give our cordial gratitude to Dr. Gang Yang for his generous help during the field work and two reviewers for their valuable comments during the review of this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos: 31471958, 31772510, 31772509, 31401971) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (no: 17ZR1418700).</p>
</ack>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="B1">
<mixed-citation xlink:type="simple">
<person-group> <name name-style="western"> <surname>Qian</surname> <given-names>CY</given-names> </name> <name name-style="western"> <surname>Dong</surname> <given-names>Y</given-names> </name> <name name-style="western"> <surname>Bernard</surname> <given-names>EC</given-names> </name> <name name-style="western"> <surname>Sun</surname> <given-names>HY</given-names> </name> </person-group> ( <year>2015</year> ) <article-title> Records of <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> ( <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Pauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Brachypauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Eurypauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Sphaeropauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> ) from China, with a key to the species and descriptions of three new species of <italic> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus">Decapauropus</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> </italic> . </article-title> <source>Zootaxa</source> <volume>4006</volume> ( <issue>3</issue> ): <fpage>521</fpage> – <lpage>539</lpage> . <ext-link xlink:type="simple" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.11646/zootaxa.4006.3.6">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4006.3.6</ext-link> </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<mixed-citation xlink:type="simple">
<person-group> <name name-style="western"> <surname>Scheller</surname> <given-names>U</given-names> </name> </person-group> ( <year>1995</year> ) <article-title> <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="class">Pauropoda</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> ( <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Pauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> , <tp:taxon-name> <tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Eurypauropodidae</tp:taxon-name-part> </tp:taxon-name> ) from north-western Thailand. </article-title> <source>Tropical Zoology</source> <volume>8</volume> : <fpage>7</fpage> – <lpage>41</lpage> . <ext-link xlink:type="simple" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1080/03946975.1995.10539270">https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.1995.10539270</ext-link> </mixed-citation>
</ref>
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