               United Nations                                                                    S/RES/2184 (2014)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                 12 November 2014




               Resolution 2184 (2014)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 7309th meeting, on
               12 November 2014

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its previous resolutions concerning the situation in Somalia,
               especially resolutions 1814 (2008), 1816 (2008), 1 838 (2008), 1844 (2008), 1846
               (2008), 1851 (2008), 1897 (2009), 1918 (2010), 1950 (2010), 1976 (2011), 2015
               (2011), 2020 (2011), 2077 (2012) and 2125 (2013), as well as the Statement of its
               President (S/PRST/2010/16) of 25 August 2010 and (S/PRST/2012/24) of
               19 November 2012,
                     Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General (S/2014/740), as requested by
               resolution 2125 (2013), on the implementation of that resolution and on the
               situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political
               independence, and unity of Somalia, including Somalia’s sovereign rights in
               accordance with international law, with respect to offshore natural resources,
               including fisheries,
                    While noting that the joint counter-piracy efforts of States, regions,
               organizations, the maritime industry, the private sector, think tanks, and civil society
               have resulted in a sharp decline in pirate attacks as well as hijackings since 2011,
               continuing to be gravely concerned by the on-going threat that piracy and armed
               robbery at sea pose to the prompt, safe, and effective delivery of humanitarian aid to
               Somalia and the region, to the safety of seafarers and other persons, to international
               navigation and the safety of commercial maritime routes, and to other ships,
               including fishing activities in conformity with international law, and also gravely
               concerned by the extended range of the piracy threat into the western Indian Ocean
               and adjacent sea areas and increased pirate capacities,
                     Expressing concern about the reported involvement of children in piracy off
               the coast of Somalia, reported sexual exploitation of women and girls in areas
               controlled by pirates, as well as their reported coercion to participate in activities
               that support piracy,
                    Recognizing the need to investigate and prosecute not only suspects captured
               at sea, but also anyone who incites or intentionally facilitates piracy operations,
               including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan, organize,

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               facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from such attacks, and reiterating its concern
               over persons suspected of piracy having been released without facing justice,
               reaffirming that the failure to prosecute persons responsible for acts of piracy and
               armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia undermines anti -piracy efforts,
                     Further reaffirming that international law, as reflected in the United Nations
               Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (“The Convention”), sets
               out the legal framework applicable to activities in the ocean, including countering
               piracy and armed robbery at sea,
                     Underlining the primary responsibility of the Somali authorities in the fight
               against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, noting the several
               requests from Somali authorities for international assistance to counter pira cy off its
               coast, including the letter of 4 November 2014, from the Permanent Representative
               of Somalia to the United Nations expressing the appreciation of Somali authorities
               to the Security Council for its assistance, expressing their willingness to cons ider
               working with other States and regional organizations to combat piracy and armed
               robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and requesting that the provisions of
               resolution 2125 (2013) be renewed for an additional twelve months,
                    Welcoming the participation of the Federal Government of Somalia and
               regional partners in the 17th plenary session of the Contact Group on Piracy off the
               Coast of Somalia (CGPCS), hosted by the United Arab Emirates in October 2014,
                     Recognizing the work of the CGPCS to facilitate the prosecution of suspected
               pirates and, to promote the establishment of the Law Enforcement Task Force, an
               on-going network and mechanism for sharing information and evidence between
               investigators and prosecutors, in accordance with international law, welcoming the
               work by the Working Group on Capacity Building of the CGPCS to coordinate
               judicial, penal, and maritime capacity-building efforts to enable regional states to
               better tackle piracy, and welcoming the work by the Working Group on Disrupting
               Pirate Networks Ashore of the CGPCS to disrupt illicit financial flows linked to
               piracy,
                     Welcoming the financing provided by the Trust Fund to Support Initiatives of
               States Combating Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (the Trust Fund) to strengthen
               regional ability to prosecute suspected pirates and imprison those convicted in
               accordance with applicable international human rights law, noting with appreciation
               the assistance provided by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
               Maritime Crime Programme, and being determined to continue efforts to ensure that
               pirates are held accountable,
                     Commending the efforts of the European Union operation ATALANTA, North
               Atlantic Treaty Organization Operation Ocean Shield, Combined Maritime Forces’
               Combined Task Force 151 commanded by the Republic of Korea followed by New
               Zealand, as well as United States ships assigned to Combined Task Force 151 and
               NATO Task Force 508, the counter-piracy activities of the African Union onshore in
               Somalia and the naval activities of the Southern Africa Development Community,
               and other States acting in a national capacity in cooperation with Somali authorities
               and each other to suppress piracy and to protect ships transiting through the waters
               off the coast of Somalia, and welcoming the Shared Awareness and Deconfliction
               Initiative (SHADE) and the efforts of individual countries, including China, India,
               the Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation,



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           which have deployed naval counter-piracy missions in the region, as stated in the
           Secretary-General’s report (S/2014/740),
                 Noting the efforts of flag States for taking measures to permit vessels sailing
           under their flag transiting the High Risk Area (HRA) to e mbark vessel protection
           detachments and privately contracted armed security personnel (PCASP), and
           encouraging States to regulate such activities in accordance with applicable
           international law and permit charters to favour arrangements that make use of su ch
           measures,
                Noting the request of some Member States on the need to review the
           boundaries of the HRA on an objective and transparent basis, taking into account
           actual incidents of piracy, and noting that the HRA is set and defined by the
           insurance and maritime industry,
                 Welcoming the capacity-building efforts in the region made by the
           International Maritime Organization-(IMO)-funded Djibouti Code of Conduct, the
           Trust Fund and the European Union’s activities under EUCAP Nestor, which is
           working with the Federal Government of Somalia to strengthen its criminal justice
           system, and recognizing the need for all engaged international and regional
           organizations to coordinate and cooperate fully,
                 Supporting the development of a coastal police force, noting with appreciation
           the efforts made by the IMO and the shipping industry to develop and update
           guidance, best management practices, and recommendations to assist ships to
           prevent and suppress piracy attacks off the coast of Somalia, including in the Gulf
           of Aden, and the Indian Ocean area, and recognizing the work of the IMO and the
           CGPCS in this regard, noting the efforts of the International Organization for
           Standardization, which has developed industry standards of training and
           certification for Private Maritime Security Companies when providing PCASP on
           board ships in high-risk areas, and further welcoming the European Union’s EUCAP
           Nestor, which is working to develop the sea-going maritime security capacities of
           Somalia, Djibouti, Seychelles, and Tanzania,
                 Noting with concern that the continuing limited capacity and domestic
           legislation to facilitate the custody and prosecution of suspected pirates after their
           capture has hindered more robust international action against the pirates off the
           coast of Somalia, too often has led to pirates being released without facing justice,
           regardless of whether there is sufficient evidence to support prosecution, and
           reiterating that, consistent with the provisions of The Convention concerning the
           repression of piracy, the 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
           Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (“SUA Convention”) provides for parties
           to create criminal offences, establish jurisdiction, and accept delivery of persons
           responsible for or suspected of seizing or exercising control over a ship by force or
           threat thereof or any other form of intimidation,
                Underlining the importance of continuing to enhance the collection,
           preservation, and transmission to competent authorities of evidence of acts of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and welcoming the on-going
           work of the IMO, INTERPOL, and industry groups to develop guidance to seafarers
           on preservation of crime scenes following acts of piracy, and noting the importance
           of enabling seafarers to give evidence in criminal proceedings to prosecute acts of
           piracy,



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                     Further recognizing that pirate networks continue to rely on kidnapping and
               hostage-taking to help generate funding to purchase weapons, gain recruits, and
               continue their operational activities, thereby jeopardizing the safety and security of
               civilians and restricting the flow of commerce, and welcoming international efforts
               to coordinate the work of investigators and prosecutors, inter alia, through the Law
               Enforcement Task Force and collect and share information to disrupt the pirate
               enterprise, as exemplified by INTERPOL’s Global Database on Maritime Piracy,
               and taking note of the on-going efforts of the Regional Fusion and Law
               Enforcement Centre for Safety and Security at Sea, hosted by Seychelles to combat
               piracy and transnational organized crime,
                     Reaffirming international condemnation of acts of kidnapping and hostage -
               taking, including offences contained within the International Convention against the
               Taking of Hostages, strongly condemning the continuing practice of hostage-taking
               by pirates operating off the coast of Somalia, expressing serious concern at the
               inhumane conditions hostages face in captivity, recognizing the adverse impact on
               their families, calling for the immediate release of all hostages, and noting the
               importance of cooperation between Member States on the issue of hostage -taking
               and the prosecution of suspected pirates for taking hostages,
                     Commending Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Tanzania for their effo rts to
               prosecute suspected pirates in their national courts, and noting with appreciation the
               assistance provided by the UNODC Maritime Crime Programme, the Trust Fund,
               and other international organizations and donors, in coordination with the CGPCS,
               to support Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, Tanzania, Somalia, and other States in the
               region with their efforts to prosecute, or incarcerate in a third State after prosecution
               elsewhere, pirates, including facilitators and financiers ashore, consistent with
               applicable international human rights law, and emphasizing the need for States and
               international organizations to further enhance international efforts in this regard,
                     Welcoming the readiness of the national and regional administrations of
               Somalia to cooperate with each other and with States who have prosecuted
               suspected pirates with a view to enabling convicted pirates to be repatriated back to
               Somalia under suitable prisoner transfer arrangements, consistent with applicable
               international law, including international human rights law, and acknowledging the
               return from Seychelles to Somalia of convicted prisoners willing and eligible to
               serve their sentences in Somalia,
                     Recalling the reports of the Secretary General (S/2011/360 and S/2012/50)
               which illustrate the seriousness of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
               Somalia and provide useful guidance for the investigation and prosecution of
               pirates, including on specialized anti-piracy courts,
                     Stressing the need for States to consider possible methods to assist the
               seafarers who are victims of pirates, and welcoming in this regard the efforts of the
               “Hostage Support Programme” and the new Piracy Survivor Family Fund launched
               at the recent CGPCS to provide support to hostages during their release and return
               home, as well as to their families throughout the hostage situation,
                     Recognizing the progress made by the CGPCS and UNODC in the use of
               public information tools to raise awareness of the dangers of piracy and highlight
               the best practices to eradicate this criminal phenomenon,




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                 Further noting with appreciation the on-going efforts by UNODC to support
           efforts to enhance Somalia’s maritime security and law enforc ement capacities, also
           noting efforts by UNODC and UNDP and the funding provided by the Trust Fund,
           the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other donors to
           develop regional judicial and law enforcement capacity to investigate, arrest , and
           prosecute suspected pirates and to incarcerate convicted pirates consistent with
           applicable international human rights law,
                 Bearing in mind the Djibouti Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of
           Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf
           of Aden, noting the operations of information-sharing centres in Yemen, Kenya, and
           Tanzania and the regional maritime training centre in Djibouti, and recognizing the
           efforts of signatory States to develop the appropriate regul atory and legislative
           frameworks to combat piracy, enhance their capacity to patrol the waters of the
           region, interdict suspect vessels, and prosecute suspected pirates,
                 Emphasizing that peace and stability within Somalia, the strengthening of
           State institutions, economic and social development, and respect for human rights
           and the rule of law are necessary to create the conditions for a durable eradication of
           piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, and further emphasizing
           that Somalia’s long-term security rests with the effective development by Somali
           authorities of the Somali National Security Forces,
                Taking note with appreciation the work of the Indian Ocean Rim Association
           (IORA) at the fourteenth meeting of its Council of Ministers t o bolster maritime
           security and safety, including through the announcement of the second Indian Ocean
           Dialogue, which will continue to explore options to enhance counter-piracy
           cooperation, including through improved maritime information -sharing
           arrangements and stronger national legal capacity and laws, encouraging IORA to
           pursue efforts that are complementary to and coordinated with the ongoing work of
           the CGPCS, and welcoming Somalia’s application of membership for IORA as an
           important step towards building closer regional cooperation on maritime security
           and other issues,
                 Recognizing that the ongoing instability in Somalia and the acts of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off its coast are inextricably linked, and stressing the need to
           continue the comprehensive response by the international community to repress
           piracy and armed robbery at sea and tackle its underlying causes, recognizing the
           need to undertake long-term and sustainable efforts to repress piracy and the need to
           create adequate economic opportunities for the citizens of Somalia,
                 Determining that the incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia, as well as the activity of pirate groups in Somalia, are an important
           factor exacerbating the situation in Somalia, which co ntinues to constitute a threat
           to international peace and security in the region,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                1.    Reiterates that it condemns and deplores all acts of piracy and armed
           robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia;
                2.   Recognizes that the on-going instability in Somalia is one of the
           underlying causes of the problem of piracy and contributes to the problem of piracy
           and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, while piracy, in turn, exacerbates



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               instability by introducing large amounts of illicit cash that fuels additional crime
               and corruption in Somalia;
                     3.    Stresses the need for a comprehensive response to repress piracy and
               tackle its underlying causes by the international community;
                     4.   Underlines the primary responsibility of Somali authorities in the fight
               against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia and urgently
               requests the Somali authorities, with assistance from the Secretary-General and
               relevant United Nations entities, to pass a comprehensive set of anti-piracy and
               maritime laws without further delay and establish security forces with clear roles
               and jurisdictions to enforce these laws and to continue to develop, with international
               support as appropriate, the capacity of Somali courts to investigate and prosecute
               persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery, including key figures of
               criminal networks involved in piracy who plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly
               finance or profit from such attacks, and notes the Proclamation by the President of
               the Federal Republic of Somalia on 30 June 2014 of the Exclusive Economic Zone
               of the Federal Republic of Somalia;
                     5.    Recognizes the need to continue investigating and prosecuting those who
               plan, organize, or illicitly finance or profit from pirate attacks off the coast of
               Somalia, including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy, urges
               States, working in conjunction with relevant international organizations, to adopt
               legislation to facilitate prosecution of suspected pirates off the coast of Somalia;
                    6.    Calls upon the Somali authorities to interdict, and upon interdiction to
               have mechanisms in place to safely return effects seized by pirates, investigate and
               prosecute pirates and to patrol the territorial waters off the coast of Somalia to
               suppress acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea;
                     7.   Calls upon the Somali authorities to make all efforts to bring to justice
               those who are using Somali territory to plan, facilitate, or undertake criminal acts of
               piracy and armed robbery at sea, and calls upon Member States to assist Somalia, at
               the request of Somali authorities and with notification to the Secretary -General, to
               strengthen maritime capacity in Somalia, including regional authorities and, stresses
               that any measures undertaken pursuant to this paragraph shall be consistent with
               applicable international law, in particular international human rights law;
                    8.    Calls upon States to cooperate also, as appropriate, on the issue of
               hostage taking, and the prosecution of suspected pirates for taking hostages;
                     9.   Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all seafarers held
               hostage by Somali pirates, and further calls upon the Somali authorities and all
               relevant stakeholders to redouble their efforts to secure t heir safe and immediate
               release;
                     10. Recognizes the need for States, international and regional organizations,
               and other appropriate partners to exchange evidence and information for anti -piracy
               law enforcement purposes with a view to ensuring effective prosecution of
               suspected, and imprisonment of convicted, pirates and with a view to the arrest and
               prosecution of key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who plan,
               organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance and profit from piracy operations, an d keeps
               under review the possibility of applying targeted sanctions against individuals or
               entities that plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from piracy



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           operations if they meet the listing criteria set out in paragraph 8, resolution 1844
           (2008); and calls upon all States to cooperate fully with the Somalia and Eritrea
           Monitoring Group, including on information-sharing regarding possible violations
           of the arms embargo or charcoal ban;
                 11. Renews its call upon States and regional organizations that are able to do
           so to take part in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of
           Somalia, in particular, consistent with this resolution and international law, by
           deploying naval vessels, arms, and military aircraft, by pr oviding basing and
           logistical support for counter-piracy forces, and by seizing and disposing of boats,
           vessels, arms, and other related equipment used in the commission of piracy and
           armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, or for which there are re asonable
           grounds for suspecting such use;
                12. Highlights the importance of coordination among States and international
           organizations in order to deter acts of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast
           of Somalia, commends the work of the CGPCS to facilitate such coordination in
           cooperation with the IMO, flag States, and Somali authorities, and urges continued
           support of these efforts;
                 13. Encourages Member States to continue to cooperate with Somali
           authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea, notes the primary
           role of Somali authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea off
           the coast of Somalia, and decides that, for a further period of twelve months from
           the date of this resolution to renew the authorizations a s set out in paragraph 10 of
           resolution 1846 (2008) and paragraph 6 of resolution 1851 (2008), as renewed by
           paragraph 7 of resolution 1897 (2009), paragraph 7 of resolution 1950 (2010),
           paragraph 9 of resolution 2020 (2011), paragraph 12 of resolution 207 7 (2012), and
           paragraph 12 of resolution 2125 (2013) granted to States and regional organizations
           cooperating with Somali authorities in the fight against piracy and armed robbery at
           sea off the coast of Somalia, for which advance notification has been pro vided by
           Somali authorities to the Secretary-General;
                14. Affirms that the authorizations renewed in this resolution apply only with
           respect to the situation in Somalia and shall not affect the rights, obligations, or
           responsibilities of Member States under international law, including any rights or
           obligations under The Convention with respect to any other situation, and
           underscores in particular that this resolution shall not be considered as establishing
           customary international law; and affirms further that such authorizations have been
           renewed only following the receipt of the 4 November 2014 letter conveying the
           consent of Somali authorities;
                 15. Decides that the arms embargo on Somalia imposed by paragraph 5 of
           resolution 733 (1992) and further elaborated upon by paragraphs 1 and 2 of
           resolution 1425 (2002) and modified by paragraphs 33 to 38 of resolution 2093 does
           not apply to supplies of weapons and military equipment or the provision of
           assistance destined for the sole use of Member States, international, regional, and
           subregional organizations undertaking measures in accordance with paragraph 13
           above;
                 16. Requests that cooperating States take appropriate steps to ensure that the
           activities they undertake pursuant to the authorizations in paragra ph 13 do not have
           the practical effect of denying or impairing the right of innocent passage to the ships
           of any third State;


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                     17. Calls upon all States, and in particular flag, port, and coastal States,
               States of the nationality of victims and perpetrator s of piracy and armed robbery,
               and other States with relevant jurisdiction under international law and national
               legislation, to cooperate in determining jurisdiction and in the investigation and
               prosecution of all persons responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery off the
               coast of Somalia, including key figures of criminal networks involved in piracy who
               plan, organize, facilitate, or illicitly finance or profit from such attack, consistent
               with applicable international law including international human rights law, to ensure
               that all pirates handed over to judicial authorities are subject to a judicial process,
               and to render assistance by, among other actions, providing disposition and logistics
               assistance with respect to persons under their jurisdiction and control, such as
               victims, witnesses, and persons detained as a result of operations conducted under
               this resolution;
                     18. Calls upon all States to criminalize piracy under their domestic law and
               to favourably consider the prosecution of suspected, a nd imprisonment of those
               convicted, pirates apprehended off the coast of Somalia, and their facilitators and
               financiers ashore, consistent with applicable international law, including
               international human rights law, and decides to keep these matters under review,
               including, as appropriate, the establishment of specialized anti -piracy courts in
               Somalia with substantial international participation and/or support as set forth in
               resolution 2015 (2011), and encourages the CGPCS to continue its discussions in
               this regard;
                    19. Welcomes, in this context, the UNODC Maritime Crime Programme’s
               continued work with authorities in Somalia and in neighbouring States to ensure
               that individuals suspected of piracy are prosecuted and those convicted are
               imprisoned in a manner consistent with international law, including international
               human rights law;
                    20. Urges all States to take appropriate actions under their existing domestic
               law to prevent the illicit financing of acts of piracy and the laundering of its
               proceeds;
                    21. Urges States, in cooperation with INTERPOL and Europol, to further
               investigate international criminal networks involved in piracy off the coast of
               Somalia, including those responsible for illicit financing and facilitation;
                    22. Urges all States to ensure that counter-piracy activities, particularly landbased activities, take into consideration the need to protect women and girls from
               exploitation, including sexual exploitation;
                    23. Commends INTERPOL for operationalizing a global piracy database that
               consolidates information about piracy off the coast of Somalia and facilitates the
               development of actionable analysis for law enforcement, and urges all States to
               share such information with INTERPOL for use in the database, through appropriate
               channels;
                    24. Commends the contributions of the Trust Fund and the IMO-funded
               Djibouti Code of Conduct and urges both state and non-State actors affected by
               piracy, most notably the international shipping community, to contribute to them;
                    25. Urges States parties to The Convention and the SUA Convention to
               implement fully their relevant obligations under these conventions and customary



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           international law and to cooperate with the UNODC, IMO, and other States and
           international organizations to build judicial capacity for the successful prosecution
           of persons suspected of piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia;
                 26. Acknowledges the recommendations and guidance provided by the IMO
           on preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery at sea; and urges States, in
           collaboration with the shipping and insurance industries and the IMO, to continue to
           develop and implement avoidance, evasion, and defensive best practices and
           advisories to take when under attack or when sailing in the waters off the coast o f
           Somalia, and further urges States to make their citizens and vessels available for
           forensic investigation as appropriate at the first suitable port of call immediately
           following an act or attempted act of piracy or armed robbery at sea or release from
           captivity;
                27. Encourages flag States and port States to further consider the
           development of safety and security measures on board vessels, including, where
           applicable, developing regulations for the use of PCASP on board ships, aimed at
           preventing and suppressing piracy off the coast of Somalia, through a consultative
           process, including through the IMO and ISO;
                 28. Invites the IMO to continue its contributions to the prevention and
           suppression of acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships, in coordinat ion, in
           particular, with the UNODC, the World Food Program (WFP), the shipping industry,
           and all other parties concerned, and recognizes the IMO’s role concerning privately
           contracted armed security personnel on board ships in high-risk areas;
                 29. Notes the importance of securing the safe delivery of WFP assistance by
           sea, and welcomes the on-going work by the WFP, EU operation ATALANTA, and
           flag States with regard to Vessel Protection Detachments on WFP vessels;
                 30. Requests States and regional organizations cooperating with Somali
           authorities to inform the Security Council and the Secretary-General in nine months
           of the progress of actions undertaken in the exercise of the authorizations provided
           in paragraph 13 above and further requests all States co ntributing through the
           CGPCS to the fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia, including Somalia and
           other States in the region, to report by the same deadline on their efforts to establish
           jurisdiction and cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of piracy;
                 31. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council within
           eleven months of the adoption of this resolution on the implementation of this
           resolution and on the situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off
           the coast of Somalia;
                 32. Expresses its intention to review the situation and consider, as
           appropriate, renewing the authorizations provided in paragraph 13 above for
           additional periods upon the request of Somali authority;
                33.   Decides to remain seized of the matter.




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