               United Nations                                                                  S/RES/1790 (2007)
               Security Council                                                   Distr.: General
                                                                                  18 December 2007




               Resolution 1790 (2007)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 5808th meeting, on
               18 December 2007

                    The Security Council,
                     Welcoming the efforts of the democratically elected, constitutionally based,
               national unity Government of Iraq in fulfilling its detailed political, economic, and
               security programme and national reconciliation agenda, and looking forward to the
               day Iraqi forces assume full responsibility for the maintenance of security and
               stability in their country, thus allowing the completion of the multinational force
               mandate and the end of its presence in Iraq,
                     Welcoming continued progress in training, equipping and capacity-building of
               Iraqi security forces, including the Iraqi Army and the internal security forces, and
               the assumption of command and control by Iraqi Ground Forces Command over all
               Iraqi Army divisions, and the transfer of security responsibility in Najaf, Maysan,
               Muthanna, Dhi Qar, Dahuk, Irbil, Sulaymaniyah, Karbala and Basra provinces, and
               also welcoming efforts to complete that process during 2008,
                    Recalling all of its previous relevant resolutions on Iraq,
                     Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of
               Iraq, and reaffirming further the importance of the principle of non-interference in
               the internal affairs of Iraq,
                     Reaffirming also the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their own
               political future and control their own national resources,
                     Welcoming the continuing work of the Government of Iraq towards a federal,
               democratic, pluralistic, and unified Iraq, in which there is full respect for human
               rights,
                     Noting the strong commitment of the Government of Iraq in pursuing an
               atmosphere in which sectarianism is totally rejected, including through the agreed
               communiqué announced on 26 August 2007, underscoring the need for all
               communities in Iraq to reject sectarianism, participate in the political process, and
               engage in an inclusive political dialogue and national reconciliation for the sake of
               Iraq’s political stability and unity, and reaffirming the willingness of the
               international community to work closely with the Government of Iraq to assist these
               reconciliation efforts,


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                     Recognizing continuing progress under the International Compact with Iraq, an
               initiative of the Government of Iraq that has created a new partnership with the
               international community and is building a strong framework for Iraq’s continued
               political, security and economic transformation and integration into the regional and
               global economy, and welcoming the important role that the United Nations is
               playing by jointly chairing the Compact with the Government of Iraq,
                     Calling upon the international community, particularly countries in the region
               and Iraq’s neighbours, to support the Iraqi people in their pursuit of peace, stability,
               security, democracy, and prosperity, welcoming the Expanded Neighbors
               Conferences on 4 May 2007 and 2-3 November 2007, resultant working groups, and
               the agreement to establish an Expanded Neighbors “support mechanism” with
               support from the United Nations, and noting that the successful implementation of
               this resolution will contribute to regional stability,
                    Demanding those who use violence in an attempt to subvert the political
               process should lay down their arms and participate in the political process, and
               encouraging the Government of Iraq to continue to engage with all those who
               renounce violence,
                     Reaffirming that acts of terrorism must not be allowed to disrupt Iraq’s
               political and economic transition, and further reaffirming the obligations of Member
               States under resolution 1618 (2005) of 4 August 2005 and other relevant resolutions
               and international conventions with respect, inter alia, to terrorist activities in and
               from Iraq or against its citizens,
                     Recalling the termination under resolution 1762 (2007) of the mandates of the
               United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC)
               and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Iraq under the relevant
               resolutions, welcoming Iraq’s commitments in its letter to the Security Council
               dated 8 April 2007 annexed to that resolution, and reaffirming Iraq’s disarmament
               obligations under relevant resolutions,
                     Recognizing the request conveyed in the letter of 7 December 2007 from the
               Prime Minister of Iraq to the President of the Council, which is annexed to this
               resolution, to retain the presence of the multinational force in Iraq, recognizing also
               the Government of Iraq’s intention to assume full responsibility for providing
               security to the country and people of Iraq, and taking note of all of the objectives set
               forth in that letter, including the statement that the Government of Iraq considers
               this to be its final request to the Security Council for the extension of the mandate
               of the multinational force,
                     Recognizing the importance of consent of the sovereign Government of Iraq
               for the presence of the multinational force and of maximum coordination and close
               partnership between the multinational force and that Government,
                    Taking into consideration the progress of Iraq’s security forces in improving
               the capability to provide security to the country and people of Iraq, as well as the
               continuing progress of the Government of Iraq in achieving its political, economic,
               and security programme,
                     Welcoming the willingness of the multinational force to continue efforts to
               contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq, including
               participating in the provision of humanitarian and reconstruction assistance, as



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           described in the letter of 10 December 2007 from the United States Secretary of
           State to the President of the Council, which is annexed to this resolution,
                Recognizing the tasks and arrangements set out in letters annexed to resolution
           1546 (2004) of 8 June 2004, including the provision of security and logistical
           support for the United Nations presence in Iraq, and the cooperative implementation
           by the Government of Iraq and the multinational force of those arrangements, and
           having regard for resolution 1770 (2007) of 10 August 2007,
                 Affirming the importance for all parties, including foreign forces, promoting
           the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq to act in accordance with
           international law, including relevant obligations under international humanitarian
           law, human rights law and refugee law, and to cooperate with the relevant
           international organizations, welcoming their commitments in this regard, and
           underscoring that all parties, including foreign forces, should take all feasible steps
           to ensure the protection of affected civilians,
                 Recalling the establishment of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
           (UNAMI) on 14 August 2003, and affirming that the United Nations should continue
           to play a leading role in supporting the efforts of the Iraqi people and Government
           to strengthen institutions for representative government, promote political dialogue
           and national reconciliation, engage neighbouring countries, assist vulnerable groups,
           including refugees and internally displaced persons, and promote the protection of
           human rights and judicial and legal reform in accordance with resolution 1770
           (2007),
                 Recognizing that international support for security and stability is essential to
           the well-being of the people of Iraq as well as the ability of all concerned, including
           the United Nations, to carry out their work on behalf of the people of Iraq, and
           expressing appreciation for Member State contributions in this regard under
           resolution 1483 (2003), resolution 1511 (2003), resolution 1546 (2004), resolution
           1637 (2005) and resolution 1723 (2006),
                 Recognizing that the Government of Iraq will continue to have the leading role
           in coordinating international assistance to Iraq and reaffirming the importance of
           international assistance and development of the Iraqi economy and the importance
           of coordinated donor assistance,
                 Recognizing the significant role of the Development Fund for Iraq and the
           International Advisory and Monitoring Board and the provisions of paragraph 22 of
           resolution 1483 (2003) in helping the Government of Iraq to ensure that Iraq’s
           resources are being used transparently and equitably for the benefit of the people of
           Iraq,
                 Stressing the responsibility of the Iraqi authorities to undertake all appropriate
           steps to prevent attacks on the diplomatic personnel accredited in Iraq in accordance
           with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961,
                 Determining that the situation in Iraq continues to constitute a threat to
           international peace and security,
                Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,
                 1.  Notes that the presence of the multinational force in Iraq is at the request
           of the Government of Iraq and reaffirms the authorization for the multinational force



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               as set forth in resolution 1546 (2004) and decides to extend the mandate as set forth
               in that resolution until 31 December 2008, taking into consideration the Iraqi Prime
               Minister’s letter dated 7 December 2007, including all of the objectives highlighted
               therein, and the United States Secretary of State’s letter dated 10 December 2007;
                     2.   Decides further that the mandate for the multinational force shall be
               reviewed at the request of the Government of Iraq or no later than 15 June 2008, and
               declares that it will terminate this mandate earlier if requested by the Government
               of Iraq;
                     3.   Decides to extend until 31 December 2008 the arrangements established
               in paragraph 20 of resolution 1483 (2003) for the depositing into the Development
               Fund for Iraq of proceeds from export sales of petroleum, petroleum products, and
               natural gas and the arrangements referred to in paragraph 12 of resolution 1483
               (2003) and paragraph 24 of resolution 1546 (2004) for the monitoring of the
               Development Fund for Iraq by the International Advisory and Monitoring Board and
               further decides that, subject to the exception provided for in paragraph 27 of
               resolution 1546 (2004), the provisions of paragraph 22 of resolution 1483 (2003)
               shall continue to apply until that date, including with respect to funds and financial
               assets and economic resources described in paragraph 23 of that resolution;
                     4.   Decides further that the provisions in the above paragraph for the deposit
               of proceeds into the Development Fund for Iraq and for the role of the International
               Advisory and Monitoring Board and the provisions of paragraph 22 of resolution
               1483 (2003) shall be reviewed at the request of the Government of Iraq or no later
               than 15 June 2008;
                    5.    Requests that the United States, on behalf of the multinational force,
               continue to report to the Council on the efforts and progress of this force on a
               quarterly basis;
                    6.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




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Annex I
           Letter dated 7 December 2007 from the Prime Minister of Iraq
           addressed to the President of the Security Council

                                                                  [Original: Arabic and English]
                 Iraq has now finished building its constitutional and legal institutions. It now
           has a permanent constitution, which was voted on by the Iraqi people, and a
           parliament, which represents the various components of Iraqi society. Iraq also has a
           Government of national unity that includes all political factions. Today, despite the
           efforts of terrorists and hostile forces to prevent us from developing our young and
           vital democracy, we are determined to build a democratic, federal and unified Iraq.
                 The Government of Iraq continues to act expeditiously to guarantee the
           security of Iraqi citizens and the stability of the country. It is continuing to act
           expeditiously to promote national reconciliation in order to ensure broad political
           participation by all national forces, to protect human rights and strengthen the rule
           of law, to achieve economic growth and to provide its citizens with basic services.
                 Achieving security and stability in the country is a matter of the utmost
           priority for the Iraqi Government. That is why it has devoted special attention to the
           task of building and strengthening the capacities of the Iraqi Army and the internal
           security forces, given that those are the two institutions that can guarantee security,
           maintain order and confront terrorist and other outlaw groups. Our national forces
           have successfully taken over the security functions of the multinational force in Iraq
           (MNF-I) in eight governorates. It is our intention that our national forces will
           continue to take over those security functions until all 18 governorates are under the
           full security control of our troops in 2008. Our ground force command has assumed
           control of all the divisions of the Iraqi Army. The effective coordination between the
           command and MNF-I has had a positive effect on the security situation.
                 The Government of Iraq stresses that MNF-I, working alongside our national
           forces, has made an important and significant contribution to efforts to establish
           security and the rule of law. The Government of Iraq requests that the Security
           Council should consider extending the mandate of MNF-I in light of Iraq’s
           achievements over the past few years, namely, the strengthened capacity of its Army
           and security forces and its significant successes in the security, political and
           economic spheres. A review of the role and authority of MNF-I will thus be required
           in order to strike a balance between, on the one hand, the need to extend, one last
           time, the mandate of the force and, on the other hand, progress made by Iraq in the
           area of security. In this regard, it is important for Iraq to be treated as an
           independent and fully sovereign State and, in seeking the aforementioned balance,
           the following objectives should be highlighted:
           1.   The Government of Iraq requests the extension of the mandate of MNF-I in
                accordance with Security Council resolutions 1546 (2004), 1637 (2005) and
                1723 (2006) and the letters annexed thereto for a period of 12 months
                beginning on 31 December 2007, provided that the extension is subject to a
                commitment by the Security Council to end the mandate at an earlier date if
                the Government of Iraq so requests and that the mandate is subject to periodic
                review before June 2008;




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               2.   The functions of recruiting, training, arming and equipping the Iraqi Army and
                    Iraq’s security forces are the responsibility of the Government of Iraq;
               3.   The Government of Iraq will assume responsibility for command and control
                    of all Iraqi forces, and MNF-I, in coordination with the Government of Iraq,
                    will provide support and backing to those forces;
               4.   The Government of Iraq will be responsible for arrest, detention and
                    imprisonment tasks. When those tasks are carried out by MNF-I, there will be
                    maximum levels of coordination, cooperation and understanding with the
                    Government of Iraq;
               5.   The Government of Iraq considers this to be its final request to the Security
                    Council for the extension of the mandate of MNF-I and expects, in future, that
                    the Security Council will be able to deal with the situation in Iraq without the
                    need for action under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations;
               6.   The Government of Iraq requests that the resolution to be adopted by the
                    Security Council should reaffirm respect for the independence, sovereignty,
                    unity and territorial integrity of Iraq and also reaffirm the commitment of
                    Member States to the principle of non-intervention in its internal affairs.
                     The Government of Iraq wishes to inform the Security Council that it has
               signed a declaration of principles with the United States of America with a view to
               establishing a long-term cooperative and friendly relationship.
                     The Government of Iraq reaffirms the importance of the work of the Security
               Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1518 (2003) in order to
               restore the Iraqi funds and assets deposited outside Iraq by the previous regime. The
               Government of Iraq urges the members of the Security Council to support the
               Committee’s ongoing work in accordance with paragraph 19 of resolution 1483
               (2003) concerning the identification of individuals and entities referred to in
               paragraph 23 of that resolution, including the updating of the list of individuals and
               entities identified by the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 6 of
               resolution 661 (1990). The Government of Iraq looks forward to the Committee’s
               report to the Security Council on its activities.
                     The Government of Iraq recognizes the importance of the provisions of
               paragraph 22 of resolution 1483 (2003) in ensuring that Iraq’s natural resources, the
               proceeds from sales thereof and other funds deposited in the Development Fund for
               Iraq are used for reconstruction activities and other efforts to benefit the people of
               Iraq. Iraq therefore requests that, taking account of the exception provided for in
               paragraph 27 of resolution 1546 (2004), the Security Council should continue to
               apply the provisions of paragraph 22 of resolution 1483 (2003) until
               31 December 2008, including in respect of the funds, financial assets and economic
               resources described in paragraph 23 of resolution 1483 (2003).
                     The Government of Iraq is of the opinion that the provisions of Security
               Council resolution 1546 (2004) on the deposit of proceeds into the Development
               Fund for Iraq will help to ensure that proceeds from Iraq’s natural resources are
               used to serve the interests of the Iraqi people. The role played by the International
               Advisory and Monitoring Board serves the same purpose. The Government of Iraq
               understands that the Development Fund for Iraq plays an important role in helping
               Iraq to convince donors and creditors that it is managing its resources and debts in a



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           responsible way in the interests of the Iraqi people. It should be pointed out that Iraq
           is striving to form a new partnership with the international community in order to
           build a dynamic network designed to transform its economy and integrate it with
           other world economies through the International Compact with Iraq. We are
           therefore requesting that the mandate of the Development Fund for Iraq and the
           International Advisory and Monitoring Board be extended for a further 12 months.
           We are also requesting that the mandate should be reviewed, based on the request of
           the Iraqi Government, before 15 June 2008.
                 The Government of Iraq is asking the Security Council to review its
           resolutions relating to the deposit of 5 per cent of Iraq’s proceeds from oil into the
           Compensation Fund established in accordance with Security Council resolution 687
           (1991) and subsequent relevant resolutions, with a view to reducing that percentage
           as much as possible, since the deposit of such a high percentage creates a financial
           burden for Iraq at a time when it is in dire need of those funds to rebuild its
           infrastructure, which was destroyed during the wars waged by the previous regime.
           Furthermore, the increase in the price of oil means that the real amount represented
           by that 5 per cent is at least five times greater than it was.
                 The people of Iraq are determined to establish a stable and peaceful
           democracy. They are determined to develop a dynamic economy built on solid
           foundations and a creative vision. The people of Iraq need the support of the
           international community to make that vision a reality.
                It is our understanding that the Security Council intends to include this letter
           as an annex to the resolution concerning Iraq that is currently being drafted. In the
           meantime, I should be grateful if you would have this letter circulated to the
           members of the esteemed Security Council as soon as possible.

                                                                 (Signed) Nuri Kamel al-Maliki
                                                           Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq




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Annex II
               Letter dated 10 December 2007 from the Secretary of State of the
               United States of America to the President of the Security Council

                     Having reviewed the request of the Government of Iraq to extend the mandate
               of the Multinational Force (MNF) in Iraq and following consultations with the
               Government of Iraq, I am writing to confirm, consistent with this request, that the
               MNF under unified command stands ready to continue to fulfil its mandate as set
               out in Security Council resolution 1546 (2004) and extended by Security Council
               resolutions 1637 (2005) and 1723 (2006).
                     Together, the Government of Iraq and MNF in Iraq combat the challenges that
               threaten Iraq’s security and stability through a security partnership that has
               continued to improve and that has resulted in progress in the past year. This
               effective, cooperative partnership continues to evolve, as Iraqi security forces take
               leadership in fighting and deterring terrorism and other violent acts throughout Iraq.
               In the context of this partnership, MNF is prepared to continue to undertake a broad
               range of tasks to contribute to the maintenance of security and stability and to
               ensure force protection, acting under the authorities set forth in resolution 1546
               (2004), including the tasks and arrangements set out in the letters annexed thereto,
               and in close cooperation with the Government of Iraq. The forces that make up
               MNF will remain committed to acting consistently with their obligations and rights
               under international law, including the law of armed conflict.
                     Iraqi security forces continue to make progress in developing their capabilities
               as they move into the lead in taking responsibility for Iraq’s security. This year, the
               Iraqi Ground Forces Command has assumed control of all Iraqi Army divisions.
               Iraqi authorities and local security forces have assumed primary security
               responsibility in eight of Iraq’s provinces, and we are working together for
               continued progress in transition of security responsibility in all of Iraq’s eighteen
               provinces. Together we will build towards the day when the Iraqi forces assume full
               responsibility for the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq.
                     In the coming year, the MNF is ready to continue to participate in the
               maintenance of security and stability in Iraq, within the context of the growth in the
               capabilities of the Iraqi Security Forces and Iraq’s successes in security, politics,
               and the economy. The MNF is prepared to work with the Government of Iraq to help
               it achieve the objectives it has set for itself as an independent and sovereign state.
                    The co-sponsors intend to annex this letter to the resolution on Iraq that is
               under consideration. In the meantime, I request that you provide copies of this letter
               to members of the Council as quickly as possible.

                                                                          (Signed) Condoleezza Rice




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