Current Treatment Approaches for the Management of Guillain Barre Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Physiotherapy Approaches

Objectives: In this review we explore the current physiotherapy treatment approaches for Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated peripheral nervous system disorder. Examining GBS epidemiology reveals its rarity, diverse clinical variants, and increased incidence with age. The pathogenesis involves subtypes like acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and axonal variants, with infections, particularly C. jejuni, playing a role. The diagnostic methods include nerve conduction velocity tests and cerebrospinal fluid examination. GBS is characterized by progressive complications, ranging from muscular weakness to cardiovascular issues. The crucial role of physiotherapy in GBS assessment and treatment is emphasized, covering various evaluations and rehabilitation strategies.

Materials and Methods: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation, exercise training, pulmonary rehabilitation, electrical stimulation, robotic rehabilitation, virtual reality, and alternative therapies are discussed. 

Results and Conclusions: This article stresses the need for high-quality trials, especially in the context of the observed connection between COVID-19 and GBS. It underscores the importance of physiotherapy in GBS treatment, prompting further research and consideration of alternative methods like telerehabilitation.