DEB-TKTD FOR BIRDS (DEBIRDS)

The purpose of this document is to revise all the equations, variables and parameters used in the DEB-TKTD model developed by Trijau et al. (2023) for the risk assessment of pesticides in birds. This model accounts for avian toxicity endpoints observed in regulatory studies using a standard DEB model extended to include bird behaviour and combined with a TKTD module. Pesticides are assumed to induce a reduction in egg production efficiency, with both a direct effect (due to the mechanism of toxicity) and an indirect effect due to food avoidance.