Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular puncture (Ovum Pick Up)

 The Ovum Pick Up method involves using an ultrasound probe to aspirate the ovarian follicles to remove the oocytes transvaginally. The donor remains unharmed throughout this process, which takes 15 to 20 minutes and involves confining the donor in a cattle crush. Implicitly linked to in vitro embryo production (IVEP), transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular puncture (Ovum Pick-Up) has emerged as a competitive alternative to superovulation in cattle embryo development. A Dutch team pioneered in vivo oocyte harvest in cattle using transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration, or Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) (Pieterse et al., 1988). A reproducible and non-invasive method called "Ovum Pick-Up" (OPU) is used to extract a high number of viable oocytes from the antral follicles of living animals. The application of the OPU technology to buffalo species was first documented in 1994 (Boni et al., 1994). Galli et al. (1998) reported the production of the first buffalo utilizing the OPU and in vitro fertilization (IVF) combination of procedures. India's first cattle calf to be generated with OPU-IVF technology is named "Holi." Age, the time of year, and the stimulation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) all influence the development of embryos from ovum pick-up oocytes. On average, 1-3 embryos are produced from oocytes collected per session. The first bovine calf (Holi) was created at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, after that Prasad et al. (2013) produced the first buffalo calf (Saubhagya) in India using this method.