"Glottocode","ISO","Lect","lon","lat","Family","Type","Author","Year","Title","Publisher","School","Booktitle","Editor","Journal","Pages","Volume","Number","Edition","Phoneme","Tone","Onset","Nucleus","Coda","Note"
"aoua1234","aou","A'ou",105.85,26.8,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Li, Xia and Li, Jinfang and Luo, Yongxian","2014","A Grammar of Zoulei (Southwest China)","Peter Lang",,,,,,,,,"p t k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ d t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ m n ŋ l ɭ f s ɬ ɕ χ h v z ʑ ɣ ʁ w j a e i ɯ ɔ u ɤ ə o","55 33 13 31","p t k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ d t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ m n ŋ l ɭ f s ɬ ɕ χ h v z ʑ ɣ ʁ w j pl bl vl ml","a e i z ɔ u ai ei ui əu aɯ əɯ iu ɤu ia ie iɔ ua iau iəɯ iəu uai uau uəɯ uei","# n ŋ",
"abaz1241","abq","Abaza",42,44.25,"Abkhaz-Adyge","INCOLLECTION","Lomtatidze, Ketevan and Klychev, Rauf","1989","Abaza","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Hewitt, B. George",,"89--154",,,"1","b p pʼ d t tʼ d͡z t͡s t͡sʼ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕ d͡ʑʷ t͡ɕʷ t͡ɕʼʷ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ ɡ k kʼ ɡʲ kʲ kʼʲ ɡʷ kʷ kʼʷ q qʼ qʼʲ qʷ qʼʷ ʔ f z s ʑ ɕ ʒ ʃ ʑʷ ɕʷ ɣ x ɣʲ xʲ ɣʷ xʷ ʕ ħ ʕʷ ħʷ m n l w j r v fʼ ʟ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ ç çʷ ə a","-","?","?","?","``Lamino-post-alveolar'' and ``apico-palatal'' are interpreted as alveolo-palatal and palato-alveolar, respectively. ``Fronted dorso-velar'' is interpreted as palatalized velar. The ``[d]orso-palatal voiced lateral fricative'' is transcribed as <ʟ>."
"abkh1244","abk","Abkhaz",41.159115,43.056218,"Abkhaz-Adyge","BOOK","Chirikba, Viacheslav","2003","Abkhaz","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"b p pˀ m w v f d t tˀ d̪ʷ t̪ʷ t̪ˀʷ d̪͡z̪ t̪͡s̪ t̪͡s̪ˀ d̪͡z̪ʷ t̪͡s̪ʷ t̪͡w̪ˀʷ z̪ s̪ n̪ r̪ d͡z t͡s t͡sˀ d͡zʲ t͡sʲ t͡sˀʲ z s zʷ sʷ zʲ sʲ j jʷ l ɡ k kˀ ɡʷ kʷ kˀʷ ɡʲ kʲ kˀʲ qˀ qˀʷ qˀʲ ɣ x ɣʷ xʷ ɣʲ xʲ ħ ħʷ ə a","-","?","?","?",
"adyg1241","ady","Adyghe",39.33,44,"Abkhaz-Adyge","BOOK","Smeets, Henricus Joannes","1984","Studies in West Circassian phonology and morphology","Hakuchi Press",,,,,,,,,"p b pˀ pˀʷ f fʷ m w t d tˀ tˀʷ t͡s d͡z t͡sˀ s z s n t͡ɕʷ d͡ʑʷ ɕ ʑ ɕˀ ɕʷ ʑʷ ɕˀʷ r c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ c͡çˀ ç çˠ ʝ i ɬ ɮ ɬʷ k ɡ kˀ kʷ ɡʷ kˀʷ x ɡ q qʷ χ ɢ χʷ ɢʷ ħ ʔ ʔʷ h ə e a","-","?","ə e a","?",
"akaj1239","akj","Akajeru",92.9504,13.1525,"Great Andamanese","BOOK","Abbi, Anvita","2013","A Grammar of the Great Andamanese Language: An Ethnolinguistic Study","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ c j k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ r s ʃ l j i u e o ɛ ɔ ɑ ɔː ɑː eː iː oː uː","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c j k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ r s ʃ l j tr kʰr","i u e o ɛ ɔ ɑ ɔː ɑː eː iː oː uː ia iu io iːo ue iːe iɛ ei eo eɔ ea eu ɛo ɛo ɛi ɛːi ɛo ua uo uɔ ui ue oa oːa oɔ oːɔ ou oi oe oːe oɛ ɔi ɔːe ɔe ɔɛ ɔo ɔa ao aːo aːu au aɛ aːe ae ai aie aou aia aeo eia eoɛ iue ieu ioi oio","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c j k m n ɲ ŋ r s l j",
"amdo1237","adx","Amdo Tibetan",100.485,34.5177,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Ebihara, Shiho","2019","Amudo chibetto go bunpō アムド・チベット語文法 [Amdo Tibetan grammar]","Hitsuji shobō ひつじ書房",,,,,,,,,"p b pʰ t d tʰ ʈ ɖ ʈʰ k ɡ kʰ t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʰ f s z sʰ ʂ ɕ ʑ ç χ ʁ h m n ɲ̟ ŋ l ɹ ɬ w j i y ɛ ɯ ə o ʌ","-","# p b pʰ t d tʰ ʈ ɖ ʈʰ k ɡ kʰ t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʰ f s z sʰ ʂ ɕ ʑ ç χ ʁ h m n ɲ̟ ŋ l ɹ ɬ w j nb npʰ nd ntʰ nɖ nʈʰ nɡ nkʰ hp ht hʈ hk nd͡ʑ nt͡ɕʰ nd͡z nt͡sʰ ht͡ɕ ht͡s hm hn hɲ̟ hŋ hl hj kw kʰw pj kj kʰj wj hpj","i y ɛ ɯ ə o ʌ","# p k m n ŋ l ɹ",
"gily1242","niv","Amur Nivkh",140.681,52.59,"Nivkh","BOOK","Ekaterina Gruzdeva","1998","Nivkh","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"i ɨ u e o a b d ɟ ɡ ɢ p t c k q pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ m n ɲ ŋ v z ɣ ʁ f s x χ h l j r̥ r","-","# C CC","i ɨ u e o a","# C CC CCC",
"andi1255","ani","Andi",46.2919,42.8078,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Salimov Салимов, X. S. Х. С.","2010","Gagatlinskij govor andijskogo jazyka Гагатлинский говор андийского языка [Gagatli dialect of Andi language]","IJALI ИЯЛИ",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã b pʰ pʼ v m d tʰ tʼ z̪ z s̪ s s̪ː sː d͡z t̪͡s̪ t͡s t̪͡s̪ː t͡sː t̪͡s̪ʼ t͡sʼ t̪͡s̪ʼː t͡sʼː n r ɬ ɬː t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ l ʝ ɡ kʰ kʼ xː k͡xː k͡xʼː ʁ χ χː ɢ͡ʁ q͡χː q͡χʼː ʔ ɦ h hː","-","?","?","?","``Смычно-гортаные'' interpreted as ejective."
"anga1288","njm","Angami Naga",93.8668,25.6841,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Kuolie, Duovituo","2004","Structural description of Tenyidie: a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ f v s z ç ʝ h p͡f b͡v t͡s d͡z c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ p͡fʰ t͡sʰ c͡çʰ l l̥ r r̥ w j w̥ j̥ i u e ə o ɜ a","H F M R L","# p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ f v s z ç ʝ h p͡f b͡v t͡s d͡z c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ p͡fʰ t͡sʰ c͡çʰ l l̥ r r̥ w j w̥ j̥ pr pʰr kr kʰr","i u e ə o ɜ a ie uo","#",
"aona1235","njo","Ao Naga",94.3824,26.3241,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Coupe, Alexander Robertson","2007","A Grammar of Mongsen Ao","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ z s h w l ɹ j ʍ l̥ ɹ̥ j̥ i u ə a a̰","H M L","# p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ z s h w l ɹ j ʍ l̥ ɹ̥ j̥","i u ə a a̰ Vw Vj","# p t k m n ŋ ɹ",
"apul1236",,"Apulia-Calabrian Greek",18.166667,40.35,"Indo-European","BOOK","Profili, Olga","1986","Description du système phonétique et phonologique du parler grico de Corigliano d'Otranto [Description of the phonetic and phonological system of the Grico dialect of Corigliano d'Otranto]","Assoc. linguistica Salentina ``Oronzo Parlangèli''",,,,,,,,,"p f v t ðː s t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ ʃ ɟ k x m n nː ɲ l ɾ i ɛ a ɔ u","-","?","?","?",
"arag1245","arg","Aragonese",-0.00919,42.4669,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Mott, Brian","2007","Chistabino (Pyrenean Aragonese)",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","103--114","37",1,,"p b t d k ɡ t͡ʃ m n ɲ ɾ r f θ s ʃ x l ʎ j i e a o u","-","?","i e a o u ie ia io iu ui ue ua uo ei ai oi ui eu au ou iai iau ieu uei uai","?","The ``palatal medial approximant'' <ʝ̞> was transcribed as <j>."
"arch1244","aqc","Archi",46.8267,42.3239,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Marina Chumakina","2021","Archi","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus","Maria Polinsky",,"280--316",,,,"p pː b t̪ t̪ː d̪ k kː ɡ q ʡ ʔ t̪ʷ d̪ʷ kʷ kːʷ ɡʷ qʷ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ qʼʷ m n̪ r s̪ s̪ː z̪ s̪ʷ s̪ʷː z̪ʷ s sː z ɬ ɬː ɬʷ ɬːʷ ɮ χ χː ʁ χʷ χʷː ʁʷ ħ t̪͡s̪ t̪͡s̪ʷ t͡s t͡sʷ t̪͡s̪ʼ t͡sʼ t̪͡s̪ʼʷ t͡sʼʷ t̪͡s̪ʼʷː t͡sʼʷː w l j i iː e eː ə a aː u uː o oː","-","C","i iː e eː ə a aː u uː o oː","# C RT","The palato-velar affricates transcribed as <kɬ kɬʷ kɬʼ kɬʼʷ> were excluded, as they are not present in PanPhon."
"arom1237","rup","Aromanian",21.2,40.616,"Indo-European","BOOK","Caragiu-Marioțeanu, Matilda","1968","Fono-morfologie aromână; studiu de dialectologie structurală [Aromanian phono-morphology; structural dialectology study]","Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România",,,,,,,,,"a ɐ ɨ e i o u p b t̪ d̪ t d t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ f v θ ð s z ɕ ʑ ʃ ʒ x ɣ m n ɲ l ʎ r","-","# p b t̪ d̪ t d t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ f v θ ð s z ɕ ʑ ʃ ʒ x ɣ m n ɲ l ʎ r pt̪ pt ps pʃ pn pl pʎ pr bʒ bl bʎ br t̪f t̪r d̪r ks kl kʎ kr ɡl ɡʎ ɡr ft̪ ft fs fɕ fʃ fl fʎ fr vd̪ vd͡ʒ vɡ vl vr θr ðʒ ðr sp sb st st͡ʃ sk sɡ ɕp ɕb ɕt̪ ɕt͡ɕ ɕt͡ʃ ɕk xt xm xn xl xʎ xr ɣn ɣl ɣʎ ɣr mp mb mk mf mv mn ml mʎ np nb nt̪ nd̪ nt nd nt͡ɕ nd͡ʑ nt͡ʃ nd͡ʒ nk nɡ nf nv nθ ns nɕ nʑ nʃ nʒ nm spl spr sbr st̪r sd̪r skl skʎ skr sɡr sfr zd̪r zɡʎ zɡr ɕt̪r ɕkʎ ɕkr ɕɡʎ ʑɡʎ mpl mpr mbl mbr mt̪r mfl mfr nt̪r nd̪r nkl nkʎ nkr nɡl nɡʎ nɡr nɣr nfl nfr pt͡ɕ pt͡ʃ pk bk bt bz bʒ bɣ bn t̪t t̪t͡ʃ t̪k t̪ʃ t̪m t̪n t̪l t̪ʎ d̪l tt͡ʃ tk tl tʎ dl dʎ t͡ɕk t͡ɕl t͡ɕʎ d͡ʑl d͡ʑʎ t͡ʃl t͡ʃʎ d͡ʒʎ kt̪ kt͡ɕ kθ kz kɕ km kn ɡd̪ ɡz ft͡ɕ fk ft͡ʃ fh fn fɲ vd vd͡ʒ vð vz vʒ vɣ vm θʃ θr ðʒ sd͡ʒ sɲ zd zʎ ɕd̪ ɕf ɕv ɕm ɕn ɕʎ ʑd̪ ʑv ʃl ʃʎ ʒl ʒʎ ht͡ɕ hk ɣd̪ ɣð ɣm ɣl mt̪ mt mt͡ɕ mt͡ʃ ms mɕ mɲ nð nl ɲl ɲʎ lp lb lt̪ ld̪ lt͡ɕ ld͡ʑ kt͡ʃ ld͡ʒ lk lɡ lf lv ls lm ln lɲ ʎl rp rb rt̪ rd̪ rt rd rt͡ɕ rd͡ʑ rt͡ʃ rd͡ʒ rk rɡ rf rv rθ rð rs rz rɕ rʑ rʃ rʒ rx rɣ rm rn rɲ rl rʎ","a ɐ ɨ e i o u iV uV Vi Vu iVi uVu uVi iVu","#","``Prepalatal and palatal occlusives/fricatives'' interpreted as alveolo-palatal and palato-alveolar affricatives/fricatives. Although the triphthong /uVu/ is logically possible, it is not given as an example; here it is assumed to exist."
"fran1260","frp","Arpitan",6.48152,45.8051,"Indo-European","BOOK","Martinent, André","1956","La description phonologie avec application au parler franco-provençal d'Hauteville (Savoie) [The phonological description with application to the Franco-Provençal speech of Hauteville (Savoie)]","Société de publications romanes et françaises",,,,,,,,,"b m f v θ ð t d n l c ɟ ɲ ʎ s z ʃ ʒ k ɡ ɾ ʁ i y u e ø o ɛ ɔ a ĕ ŏ ă ẽ õ ã","-","# b m f v θ ð t d n l c ɟ ɲ ʎ s z ʃ ʒ k ɡ ɾ pɾ bɾ fɾ vɾ tɾ dɾ kɾ ɡɾ pl bl fl kʎ ɡʎ st ʃt","i y u e ø o ɛ ɔ a ĕ ŏ ă ẽ õ ã iV uV","# ɾ","The distinction between the two rhotic consonants, only present intervocally, is between a tap and a trill and/or between an alveolar or an uvular consonant, depending on the speaker (pp. 65--66). Here, they are transcribed as an aveolar tap and an uvular fricative. The source suggests that /ɾ/, which is the only word-final consonant, may be the only coda as well, while not excluding alternative analyses of syllabification (e.g. /ves.tă/ vs. /ve.stă/) that would imply more varieties of coda (p. 94). Here it is treated as the only coda."
"arva1236","aat","Arvanitika Albanian",23.3703,38.283,"Indo-European","BOOK","Sasse, Hans-Jürgen","1991","Arvanitika: Die albanischen Sprachreste in Griechenland [Arvantika: The Albanian language remains in Greece]","Otto Harrassowitz",,,,,,"1",,,"p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f θ s ʃ ç x h v ð z ʒ j ɣ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡z d͡ʒ m n ɲ lˠ ʎ ɾ r i u e ə o a","-","# p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f θ s ʃ ç x h v ð z ʒ j t͡s t͡ʃ d͡z d͡ʒ m n ɲ lˠ ʎ ɾ r ps pn plˠ pɾ pr pʃ pj pʎ br bj bʎ mb mv mn mj mɲ ft flˠ fɾ fr fʃ fj fʎ fx vð vd vlˠ vɾ vr vɟ vj vʎ θn θlˠ θɾ θr θj θʎ ðɾ ðj tm tɾ tj dɾ dr dj sp sf st sc sj sk sx zb zm zv zɟ zj t͡sj nd nd͡z nɟ nɡ ɾj rj ʃp ʃt ʃc ʃj ʃk ʒɟ ks klˠ kɾ kr kʃ kʎ ɡɾ ɡr ɡʎ xt xn xlˠ xɾ xr xʎ ɣð ɣn ɣlˠ ɣɾ ɣʎ hɾ ʃklˠ ʃkʎ ʃkɾ ʃtɾ skl stɾ zbʎ zbɾ zɡʎ mbʎ mbɾ ndɾ ndr nɡʎ nɡɾ sm","i u e ə o a ie ua","# p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f θ s ʃ ç x h v ð z ʒ j ɣ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡z d͡ʒ m n ɲ lˠ ʎ ɾ r ɾs pθ ps mb mn mʃ mɲ ft fs fʃ fʎ sp st sc sç sk zm nd nd͡z nɟ nɡ ɾp ɾb ɾm ɾθ ɾð ɾt ɾs ɾd͡z ɾc ɾɟ ɾç ɾj ɾɲ ɾk ɾɡ ɾx rn rk ʃt ʃc ʃk ʒd jm ʎb ʎm ʎθ ʎt ʎc ʎk kθ ks xt",
"asho1236","csh","Asho Chin",93.5069,21.393,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Zakaria, Muhammad","2018","A grammar of Hyow",,"Nanyang Technological University",,,,,,,,"b d p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s ʃ h m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ l j w l̥ j̥ i ʉ u e ɘ o æ a ɔ","52 44 22/11","# b d p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s ʃ h m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ l j w l̥ j̥ pl pj pw pʰl pʰj pʰw tl tj tw tʰj tʰw kl kj kw kʰl kʰj kʰw bl bj bw dj dw t͡sj t͡sw ʃj ʃw ml mj mw m̥j m̥w nj nw n̥j n̥w ŋj ŋw ŋ̥j ŋ̥w lj lw","i ʉ u e ɘ o æ a ɔ","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ l w j ʔl ʔj ʔw ʔm ʔn ʔŋ",
"assa1263","asm","Assamese",91.2932,26.0876,"Indo-European","BOOK","Goswami, G.","1966","An Introduction to Assamese Phonology","Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute",,,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ s z x ɦ m n ŋ l r w j i u e o ɛ ɔ a ɒ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɒ̃ õ ũ","-","# p b t d k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ s z x ɦ m n ŋ l r j w pr tr kr br dr ɡr b̤r d̤r ɡ̤r mr nr sr ɦr pl kl ɡl ml sl tj bj ɡj kʰj d̤j mj nj sj zj sp st sk spʰ stʰ skʰ sm sn sr sl sj sw spr str skr smr ɡ̤j","i u e o ɛ ɔ a ɒ ii ee oo uu aa ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɒ̃ õ ũ","# p b t d k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ s z x ɦ m n ŋ l r mp nt nd nd̤ ns rt rs rz rɦ",
"assy1241","aii","Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",43,36.75,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Khan, Geoffrey","2008","The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Barwar","Brill",,,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡ʃʰ qʰ ʔʰ p t k t͡ʃ b d ɡ d͡ʒ pˤ tˤ t͡ʃˤ f θ x ħ h s ʃ v ð z ʒ ɡ sˤ zˤ m n mˤ l lˤ r rˤ w j i u ŭ e o ə ɛ a ă","-","C CC","i u ŭ e o ə ɛ a ă ey aw","# C",
"astu1245","ast","Asturian-Leonese-Cantabrian",-6.02227,42.4181,"Indo-European","BOOK","de la Llingua Asturiana, Academia","2001","Gramática de Llingua Asturiana [Grammar of Asturian language]","Academia de la Llingua Asturiana",,,,,,,,"3","p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f θ s ç m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ r i u e o a","-","# p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f θ s ç m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ r pl tl cl bl ɡl fl pɾ tɾ cɾ bɾ dɾ ɡɾ fɾ zɾ","i u e o a ie ia io ue ua uo ai au ei eu oi ou iu ui ii uu iai iei ioi iau ieu uai uei uau ueu","# θ s ç m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ r p b t d k ɡ",
"aton1241","aot","Atong (India)",90.658722,25.346508,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","van Breugel, Seino","2008","A Grammar of Atong",,"LaTrobe University",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɕ h ɾ l m n ŋ w j i u e ə o a","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɕ h ɾ l m n w","i u e ə o a","# p t k ɕ m n ŋ l w j",
"avar1256","ava","Avar",46.558,41.7047,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Diana Forker","2021","Archi","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford Handbook of Languages of the Caucasus","Maria Polinsky",,"242--279",,,,"i e u o a p b t d tʼ k ɡ kʼ ʡ ʔ q qʼ s z ɬ ʒ χ ʁ ħ h sː ɬː ʃː xː χː t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ t͡sː t͡sʼː t͡ɬː t͡ɬʼː t͡ʃː t͡ʃʼː k͡xː k͡xʼː m n r l w j","-","C","i e u o a","# C rC lC nC mC jC",
"baba1267","mbf","Baba Malay",103.076,1.75414,"Austronesian","PHDTHESIS","Lee, Nala H.","2014","A grammar of Baba Malay with sociophonetic considerations",,"University of Hawai'i at Mānoa",,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s h m n ɲ ŋ l ɾ w j i u e ə o ɛ a ɔ","-","# p t k ʔ b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s h m n ɲ ŋ l ɾ w j Cw Cj","i u e ə o ɛ a ɔ","# p t k ʔ b d ɡ s h m n ɲ ŋ l ɾ w j wC jC",
"bada1257","bfq","Badaga",76.5974,11.3094,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Pilot-Raichoor, Christiane","1991","Le badaga: langue dravidienne (Inde) ; description et analyse [Badaga: Dravidian language (India); description and analysis]",,"Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle (Paris 3)",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ t͡ʃ k b d ɖ d͡ʒ ç ɡ s m n ɳ v l ɭ j r mː vː dː nː lː ɖː ɳː ɭː ɡː a e i o u aː eː iː oː uː","-","# p t ʈ t͡ʃ k b d ɖ d͡ʒ ç ɡ s m n ɳ v l ɭ j r mː vː dː nː lː ɖː ɳː ɭː ɡː","a e i o u aː eː iː oː uː","# mː vː dː nː lː ɖː ɳː ɭː ɡː m n ɳ r s ʈ",
"bagv1239","kva","Bagvalal",46.1041,42.3966,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Kibrik Кибрик, Alexander Evgen'evič Александер Евгеньевич and Kazenin Казенин, Konstantin Igorevič Константин Игоревич and Ljutikova Лютикова, Ekaterina Anatol'evna Екатерина Анатольевна Tatevosov Татевосов, Sergey Geogriebič Сергей Георгиевич","2001","Bagvalinskij jazyk: grammatika, teksty, slovari Багвалинский язык: Грамматика, тексты, словари [Bagvalin language: Grammar, texts, dictionaries]","IMLI RAN, Nasledie ИМЛИ РАН, Наследие",,,,,,,,,"b d dʷ d͡ʑ ɡ ɡʷ p t tʷ t͡s t͡sʷ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʷ k kʷ q qʷ tʼ tʼʷ t͡ɬʼ t͡ɬʼʷ t͡sʼ t͡sʼʷ t͡ɕʼ t͡ɕʼʷ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ qʼʷ ʔ z zʷ ʑ ʑʷ ʁ ʁʷ ʕ ɬ ɬː s sː sʷ sːʷ ɕ ɕʷ ɕːʷ x χ χʷ χː χːʷ ħ h hʷ sʼ sʼʷ ɕʼ ɕʼʷ m n r rʷ l lʷ w j i iː ĩ ĩː u uː ũ ũː e eː ẽ ẽː o oː a aː ã ãː","-","C","i iː ĩ ĩː u uː ũ ũː e eː ẽ ẽː o oː a aː ã ãː","# C RT","The ``shipjash'ije'' [hushing] consonants are transcribed here as as alveo-palatal."
"baha1259","abv","Baharna Arabic",50.580811,26.223615,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Abdalla Al-Tajir, Mahdi","1982","Language and linguistics origins in Baḥrain : the Baḥārnah dialect of Arabic","Kegan Paul International",,,,,,,,,"b m f w s̪ z̪ t d s t͡s d͡z r l n tˤ dˤ sˤ j k ɡ x ɣ ħ ʕ ʔ h a i u e o aː eː iː oː uː","-","C PZ ZP ZZ PP","aː eː iː oː uː","# C CC","The phonemic status of /ɑ ɑː/ is unclear, hence not listed here. ``Initial'' consonant clusters are interpreted as onset clusters."
"balt1257","rml","Baltic Romani",38,60,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Tenser, Anton","2008","The Northeastern Group of Romani Dialects",,"University of Manchester",,,,,,,,"p t k pʲ tʲ kʲ pʰ tʰ kʰ tʲʰ kʲʰ b d ɡ bʲ dʲ ɡʲ m n mʲ nʲ c t͡s̻ʲ t͡s̻ʲʰ d͡z̻ʲ f s s̻ x sʲ xʲ v z z̻ j ɣ vʲ zʲ ɣʲ l lʲ r rʲ a e i o u y ə","-","?","?","?",
"bant1281","bap","Bantawa",87.04738,27.12147,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Doornenbal, Marius","2009","A grammar of Bantawa: Grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal",,"Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ d͡z̤ m n ŋ s h w j l r i ɨ u e o a ə","-","ʔ p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ d͡z̤ m n ŋ s h w j l r Tj Tw","i ɨ u e o a əj","# p t k m n ŋ",
"bash1264","bak","Bashkir",56.5594,53.5967,"Turkic","BOOK","Nicholas N. Poppe","1964","Bashkir Manual","Indiana University",,,,,,,,,"i y ə ø a u ɯ o ɑ e ɔ p b m w f θ ð t d s z l n r ɕ ʑ j k ɡ x ŋ q ʁ ʔ h","-","# p b m w f ð t d s z l n r ɕ ʑ j k ɡ x q ʁ ʔ h","i y ə ø a u ɯ o ɑ e ɔ","# p m w θ ð t s l n r ɕ ʑ j k x ŋ q CC","The source only provides the list of word-medial intervocalic clusters and no word-final clusters. For the analysis here, it is assumed that all word-medial clusters are heterosyllabic (VC.CV). The maximal syllable structure, CVCC, is that of the native words (p. 12)."
"basq1248","eus","Basque",-1.31622,43.2787,"Basque","BOOK","Hualde, José I. and de Urbina, Jon Ortiz","2003","A Grammar of Basque","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p b f m t d s̺ t͡s̺ n l ɾ r s̻ t͡s̻ c ɟ ʃ t͡ʃ ɲ ʎ k ɡ x i e u o a","-","# C CŁ","i e u o a ai ei oi ui au eu","# m n l r s̻ s̺ ʃ t͡s̻ t͡s̺ t͡ʃ t k NS ŁS ŁČ St",
"bats1242","bbl","Bats",45.344,42.1806,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Holisky, Dee Ann and Rusudan Gagua","1994","Tsova-Tush (Batsbi)","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Smeets, Rieks",,"147--212","4",,,"p b pʼ m v s s⁺ ɬ z n ɾ l l⁺ t t⁺ d tʼ tʼ⁺ t͡s d͡z t͡sʼ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʼ ɕ ɕ⁺ ʑ j k ɡ kʼ x x⁺ ɣ q q⁺ qʼ qʼ⁺ ħ ʕ ʔ h i u e o a","-","C CC CCC","i u e o a ui oi ei ai ou au","# C CC CCC",
"bava1246","bar","Bavarian",13.246,47.9232,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Moosmüller, Sylvia and Schmid, Carolin and Brandstätter, Julia","2015","Standard Austrian German",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","339--348","45",3,,"p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ r ʀ f v s ʃ ç h p͡f t͡s t͡ʃ ks j l i ɨ y ʏ e ɛ ø œ u ʊ o ɔ ɑ","-","?","?","?",
"bela1254","bel","Belarusian",25.6038,53.2307,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Bird, Sonya and Litvin, Natallia","2021","Belarusian",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","450--467","51",3,,"p b pʲ bʲ t d k kʲ t͡s d͡z t͡sʲ d͡zʲ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m mʲ n nʲ r f v fʲ vʲ s z sʲ zʲ ʂ ʐ x xʲ ɣʲ ʁ w j l lʲ i e a o u","-","?","?","?",
"beng1280","ben","Bengali",90,24,"Indo-European","BOOK","Thompson, Hanne-Ruth","2012","Bengali","John Benjamins Publishing Company",,,,,,,,,"i e æ a ɔ o u ĩ ẽ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɾ ɽ l s ʂ ç h j","-","# C CC","i e æ a ɔ o u ĩ ẽ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ","# C",
"bett1235","xub","Betta Kurumba",76.6064,11.6385,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Coelho, Gail M.","2003","A Grammar of Betta Kurumba",,"University of Texas at Austin",,,,,,,,"p t̪ t ʈ k b d̪ ɖ ɡ ɕ d͡ʑ r m n ɳ ŋ ʋ l ɭ j f d i iː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɑ ɑː","-","# p t̪ t ʈ k b d̪ ɖ ɡ ɕ d͡ʑ r m n ɳ ŋ ʋ l ɭ j f d Cj","m n ɳ ŋ l ɭ i iː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː əj uj aj","# p t̪ t ʈ k b d̪ ɖ ɡ ɕ d͡ʑ r m n ɳ ŋ ʋ l ɭ j f d nn ɳɳ ll ɭɭ",
"bezh1248","kap","Bezhta",46.0332,42.1206,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Kibrik, Alexander E. and Testelets, Yakov G.","2004","Bezhta","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Job, Michael",,"217--295",,,,"p b pʼ t d tʼ t͡s t͡sʼ s z c͡ç c͡çʼ ç ʝ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ ɬ k ɡ kʼ q qʼ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʔ h m n w j l r i y u e ø o æ a ɑ iː yː uː eː øː oː æː aː ɑː ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ ø̃ õ æ̃ ã ɑ̃","M H L","p b pʼ t d tʼ t͡s t͡sʼ s z c͡ç c͡çʼ ç ʝ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ ɬ k ɡ kʼ q qʼ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʔ h m n w j l r","i y u e ø o æ a ɑ iː yː uː eː øː oː æː aː ɑː ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ ø̃ õ æ̃ ã ɑ̃","# p b pʼ t d tʼ t͡s t͡sʼ s z c͡ç c͡çʼ ç ʝ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ ɬ k ɡ kʼ q qʼ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʔ h m n w j l r [mnwjlr][pbpʼtdtʼt͡st͡sʼszc͡çc͡çʼçʝt͡ɬt͡ɬʼɬkɡkʼqqʼχʁħʕʔhmnwjlr]",
"bhoj1244","bho","Bhojpuri",84.817115,26.458455,"Indo-European","BOOK","Thakur, Gopal","2021","A Grammar of Bhojpuri","LINCOM Europa",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ s ɦ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ ɾ ɽ ɾ̥ ɽ̥ w j i u e o ɛ ʌ ɔ ɑ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ʌ̃ ɔ̃ õ","-","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ s ɦ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ m n ŋ l ɾ ɽ w j","i u e o ɛ ʌ ɔ ɑ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ʌ̃ ɔ̃ õ ʌi ʌu oi ei ou iʌ uʌ io ie uo ɑi ɑu iɑ uy yɑ ui ue eɑ eu eo oʌ oe oɑ ʌia ʌua ʌio ʌuo iai","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ s ɦ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ ɾ ɽ ɾ̥ ɽ̥ w j CC","The list of diphthongs and triphthongs does not seem to be comprehensive, but given its sufficient length, it is coded here as if it were comprehensive."
"biha1246","ibh","Bih",108.016667,12.483333,"Austronesian","PHDTHESIS","Nguyen, Tam Thi Min","2013","A grammar of Bih",,"University of Oregon",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ ɓ ɗ ʄ m n ɲ ŋ s h w j ɹ l i ɨ ŭ u e ɘ̆ ɘ ŏ o ə ɛ ɔ̆ ă a","-","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ ɓ ɗ ʄ m n ɲ ŋ s h w j ɹ l pl bl tl dl pɹ bɹ kɹ tɹ dɹ cɹ sɹ ɡɹ","i ɨ ŭ u e ɘ̆ ɘ ŏ o ə ɛ ɔ̆ ă a ie iɛ ia ɛi ɘi ɘu au ai ui ue uɘ uă ua uo ieu uai uaj","# p t c k ʔ h m n ŋ l ɹ",
"bish1244","bpy","Bishnupriya Manipuri",92.0157,24.4578,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Sinha, Kaliprasad","1968","A study in the Bishnupriya Manipuri language",,"Jadavpur University",,,,,,,,"i u e o ɛ ɔ a ɑ p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ bˀ dˀ ɖˀ ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ d͡ʒˀ m n ŋ l ɾ ɸ s ʃ h ɦ w j","-","?","?","?",
"bisu1244","bzi","Bisu",99.9862,20.8542,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Beaudouin, Patrick","1991","Une Monographie du Bisu [A monograph of Bisu]",,"Université de Nice",,,,,,,,"p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ pʲ tʲ kʲ pʰʲ kʰʲ b d ɡ bʲ f s ʃ h sʲ hʲ v j w t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ l̥ l m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ i ɨ u ɛ ə ɔ a o","H M L","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ pʲ tʲ kʲ pʰʲ kʰʲ b d ɡ bʲ f s ʃ h sʲ hʲ v j w t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ l̥ l m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ kw kʰw bw pl pʰl tʰl kl kʰl bl m̥l","i ɨ u ɛ ə ɔ a ao ɔɛ","# p t k m n ŋ j",
"biyo1243","byo","Biyo",101.652,22.511,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Jing 经, Dian 典","2015","Mojiang biyue haniyu cankao yufa 墨江碧约哈尼语参考语法 [Reference Grammar of Mojiang Biyo Hani]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ pʲ m mʲ f v t͡s t͡sʰ s z z̰ t tʰ n l ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ x i ɪ e ɛ a ɔ o u ɤ ɯ ḭ ḛ a̰ ɔ̰ o̰ v̰ ɤ̰","55 33 31 53 35","# p pʰ pʲ m mʲ f v t͡s t͡sʰ s z t tʰ n l ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ x","z z̰ v v̰ i ɪ e ɛ a ɔ o u ɤ ɯ ḭ ḛ a̰ ɔ̰ o̰ ɤ̰ ia iu ui ua ɯu iau iɛ ua ue uɛ","# ŋ",
"bodo1269","brx","Bodo-Mech",92,26.1,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Bhattacharya, Pramod Chandra","1977","A Descriptive Analysis of the Boro Language","Department of Publication, Gauhati University",,,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n ŋ s z r l h j w i u e ɵ o a","H M L","# pʰ tʰ s kʰ b d z ɡ h m n r l pʰr tʰr sr kʰr br dr zr ɡr sl bl pʰl tʰl kʰl dl zl ɡl ɡm ɡn pʰn dn sm bn hr hl kʰm kʰn","i e ɵ a u o","# b d z ɡ m n ŋ r l j w",
"boly1239","ply","Bolyu",104.955,24.7013,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Li 李, Xulian 旭练","1999","Laiyu yanjiu 俫语研究 [A study of Lai]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ ⁿb m f v pʲ pʰʲ ⁿbʲ mʲ vʲ t tʰ ⁿd n ɬ l tʲ tʰʲ ⁿdʲ ɬʲ lʲ t͡s t͡sʰ s z t͡sʲ sʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕʲ t͡ɕʰʲ ɕʲ t͡ɕʷ t͡ɕʰʷ ɕʷ k kʰ ŋ ɣ kʲ kʰʲ kʷ q qʰ ʔ ʔʲ ʔʷ h hʲ hʷ hˠ a e i ɔ o u ə ɯ y aː eː iː uː əː","13 33 55 31 53 11","p pʰ ⁿb m f v pʲ pʰʲ ⁿbʲ mʲ vʲ t tʰ ⁿd n ɬ l tʲ tʰʲ ⁿdʲ ɬʲ lʲ t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡sʲ sʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕʲ t͡ɕʰʲ ɕʲ t͡ɕʷ t͡ɕʰʷ ɕʷ k kʰ ŋ ɣ kʲ kʰʲ kʷ q qʰ ʔ ʔʲ ʔʷ h hʲ hʷ hˠ","z a e i ɔ o u ə ɯ y aː eː iː uː əː aːi aːu ai au ei iːu iu ɔu ui uɔ ye","# p t k m n ŋ",
"bona1250","peh","Bonan",102.995,35.6972,"Mongolic-Khitan","PHDTHESIS","Fried, Robert Wayne","2010","A grammar of Bao'an Tu, a Mongolic language of northwest China",,"State University of New York at Buffalo",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ ɖ͡ʐ f s ʂ ɕ ç χ z ʐ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ w l ɹ j h͡p h͡t h͡k h͡t͡ɕ i u e ə o a","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ ɖ͡ʐ f s ʂ ɕ ç χ z ʐ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ w l ɹ j h͡p h͡t h͡k h͡t͡ɕ","i u e ə o a","# p t k χ m n ŋ l ɹ",
"bote1238","bmj","Bote",84.348,27.7074,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Prasajn Прасайн, B. Б. and Poudel Поудел, B. Б. and Yadava Ядава, J. P. Й. П.","2011","Bote Jazyk Боте язык [Bote language]","Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Jazykozanija Российская Академия Наук, Институт Языкознания",,"Jazyki Mira: Novye Indoarijskie Jazyki Языки мира: Новые индоарийские языки [Languages of the world: New Indo-Aryan languages]","Oranskaja Оранская, Tatiana I. Татиана И. and Mazurova Мазурова, Julia V. Юлиа В. and Kibrik Кибрик, Andrej A. Андрей А. and Kulikov Куликов, Leonid I. Леонид И. and Rusakov Русаков, Aleksandr J. Александр Ю.",,"282--291",,,,"i u ũ y e o ə ɑ ɑ̃ p t̪ t k pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ kʰ b d̪ d ɡ b̤ d̪̤ d̤ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m n ŋ l r w j","-","# C CC","i u ũ y e o ə ɑ ɑ̃","# C",
"bret1244","bre","Breton",-3.78934,48.2452,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Goyat, Gilles","2012","Description morphosyntaxique du parler breton de Plozévet (Finistère) [Morphosyntactic description of the Breton dialect of Plozévet (Finistère)]",,"Université Rennes 2",,,,,,,,"b p d t ɡ k v f z s ʒ ʃ h x m n ɲ l ʎ r ɥ w j i y u e ø ʊ o ɛ œ ɔ a ẽ õ ɛ̃ ã","-","# C CC CCC","n s i y u e ø ʊ o ɛ œ ɔ a ẽ õ ɛ̃ ã aɛ aw ow ɛj ew ea ãw eãw","# C CC",
"budu1248","bdk","Budukh",48.3353,41.2272,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Alekseev, M. E.","1994","Budukh","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Rieks Smeets",,"259--297","4",,,"p b pʼ t d tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ k ɡ kʼ q ɢ qʼ ʡ ʔ f v s z ʃ ʒ x χ ʁ ħ ʕ h m n l r j i y e ø ɨ u ə o a iː yː eː øː ɨː uː əː oː aː","-","# C","i y e ø ɨ u ə o a iː yː eː øː ɨː uː əː oː aː","# C RC","``Long vowels occur in loanwords, e.g. laːzɨm, `it is necessary', and a few others.'' The comprehensive list of long vowels were not given. Here it is assumed that all short vowels have long counterparts"
"buga1247","bbh","Bugan",104.963,23.6124,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Li 李, Yunbing 云兵","2005","Bugengyu yanjiu 布赓语研究 [A study of Bugeng]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b ⁿb m f v w pʲ pʰʲ bʲ ⁿbʲ mʲ t͡s t͡sʰ ⁿd͡z s t tʰ d ⁿd n l tʲ tʰʲ dʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ⁿd͡ʑ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ⁿɡ ŋ x ɣ kʲ xʲ q qʰ ⁿɢ ʔ h i ḭ e ḛ ɛ ɛ̰ a ã a̰ ə ə̰ ɔ ɔ̰ o o̰ u ṵ ɯ ɯ̰","55 44 24 31","p pʰ b ⁿb m f v w pʲ pʰʲ bʲ ⁿbʲ mʲ t͡s t͡sʰ ⁿd͡z s t tʰ d ⁿd n l tʲ tʰʲ dʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ⁿd͡ʑ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ⁿɡ ŋ x ɣ kʲ xʲ q qʰ ⁿɢ ʔ h","i ḭ e ḛ ɛ ɛ̰ a ã a̰ ə ə̰ ɔ ɔ̰ o o̰ u ṵ ɯ ɯ̰ ei ḛi ɛ̰i iɛ iɛ̰ ai a̰i au a̰u iau ia̰u ã ã̰ ia əi ə̰i ou o̰u ui uḭ uɛ ua ua̰ uai uã uã̰","# n ŋ",
"bujh1238","byh","Bujhyal",84.5068,28.0084,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Regmi, Dan Raj","2007","The Bhujel language",,"Tribhuvan University",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ s h r r̥ l l̥ w w̥ j j̥ i u e a o ɑ ĩ ũ ẽ ɑ̃","-","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ s h r r̥ l l̥ w w̥ j j̥ pr pl br bl tr sr kr kl kʰr kʰl ɡr pj pʰj bj tj dj dʰj t͡ɕj t͡ɕʰj d͡ʑj rj r̥j lj l̥j mj nj ŋj sj hw wj kj ɡj ɡw krj","i u e a o ɑ ĩ ũ ẽ ɑ̃ ai au ɑi ɑu oi ui","# p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ m m̥ n ŋ ŋ̥ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ s h r l w j",
"bulg1262","bul","Bulgarian",25.047,43.3646,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Ternes, Elmar and Vladimirova-Buhtz, Tatjana","1990","Bulgarian",,,,,"Journal of the international phonetic association","45--47","20",1,,"p b t d k ɡ m n r f v s z ʃ ʒ x j l t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ i ɛ a ɔ u ɤ o ɐ","-","?","?","?",
"bulo1242","sti","Bulo Stieng",106.798,11.9777,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Bon, Noëllie","2014","Une grammaire de la langue stieng, langue en danger du Cambodge et du Vietnam [A grammar of the Stieng language, an endangered language of Cambodia and Vietnam]",,"Université Lumière Lyon 2",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ ɓ ɗ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɗ ⁿt ⁿɡ ⁿk s h m n ɲ ŋ w l r j i iː ɘː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː","-","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ ɓ ɗ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɗ ⁿt ⁿɡ ⁿk s h m n ɲ ŋ w l r j","i e ɛ ə a u o ɔ iː eː ɛː əː aː uː oː ɔː ia ua","# p t c k s m n ɲ ŋ l r j w h ʔ",
"gahr1239","bfu","Bunan",77.9596,32.2168,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Widmer, Manuel","2014","A descriptive grammar of Bunan",,"Universität Bern",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b t ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ s ʂ ɕ h m n ɲ ŋ r l j i e a o u iː aː","-","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b t ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ s ʂ ɕ h m n ɲ ŋ r l j pr pj tr tj kr kj pʰr pʰj tʰr tʰj kʰr kʰj br bj dr dj ɡr ɡj mr mj","i e a o u iː aː aw ew wa","# p t k m n ŋ s r l j ps ts ks ms ns ŋs ls rs js pt kt mt nt ŋt rt lt",
"nucl1310","mya","Burmese",93.9665,20.7926,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Jenny, Mathias and Hnin Tun, San San","2016","Burmese: a comprehensive grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b θ ð t tʰ d t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ k kʰ ɡ ʔ s sʰ z ɕ h m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ɲ̥ ŋ ŋ̥ w w̥ l l̥ r j i u e o ɛ ə ɔ a ĩ ũ ã ẽ õ","L Hˀ Hʰ","p pʰ b θ ð t tʰ d t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ k kʰ ɡ ʔ s sʰ z ɕ h m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ɲ̥ ŋ ŋ̥ w w̥ l l̥ r j pw pʰw bw mw m̥w pj pʰj bj mj m̥j θw ðw tw tʰw dw nw n̥w sw sʰw zw lw l̥w t͡ɕw t͡ɕʰw d͡ʑw ɕw jw kw kʰw ɡw ŋw ŋ̥w","i u e o ɛ ə ɔ a ẽĩ õũ ãĩ ãũ ei ou ai au","# ʔ",
"buru1296","bsk","Burushaski",74.8236,36.2161,"Burushaski","PHDTHESIS","Yoshioka, Noboru","2012","A Reference Grammar of Eastern Burushaski",,"Tokyo University of Foreign Studies",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ s ɕ ʂ h z ɣ w j ɰ m n ŋ ɾ l i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː","-","p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ s ɕ ʂ h z ɣ w j ɰ m n ŋ ɾ l pɾ bɾ pʰɾ tɾ dɾ tʰɾ ɡɾ","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː","# p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ s ɕ ʂ h z ɣ ɰ m n ŋ ɾ l Rt Rk Rʂ Rɕ Rt͡s Rt͡ɕ Rʈ͡ʂ Fk","``The restriction of [coda] clusters in loan words is less strict than the one in indigenous words: e.g., qulp ‘lock’ < [Urdu] qufl ( قفل ) ‘id.’.'' (p. 18)"
"camp1261","sro","Campidanese Sardinian",9.03935,39.0566,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Mereu, Daniela","2020","Cagliari Sardinian","Cambridge University Press",,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","389--405","50",3,,"p b t d ɖ k ɡ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ɲ r f v s z ʃ l ʎ w j i ɛ a ɔ u","-","?","?","?",
"caom1238","cov","Cao Miao",109.547,26.2236,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Wu, Manxiang","2015","A grammar of Sanjiang Kam",,"University of Hong Kong",,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k q ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ f s ɕ h t͡s t͡sʰ l l̥ w j w̥ j̥ pʲ tʲ tʷ kʷ pʰʲ tʰʲ tʰʷ kʰʷ hʲ hʷ mʲ nʲ ŋʷ m̥ʲ n̥ʲ ŋ̥ʷ lʲ l̥ʲ i ə u e ɐ o a aː eː iː oː uː əː","52/452 23 35/335 212 32/332 33 5/45 3 34/324 21","# p t t͡ɕ k q ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ f s ɕ h t͡s t͡sʰ l l̥ w j w̥ j̥ pʲ tʲ tʷ kʷ pʰʲ tʰʲ tʰʷ kʰʷ hʲ hʷ mʲ nʲ ŋʷ m̥ʲ n̥ʲ ŋ̥ʷ lʲ l̥ʲ","i ə u e ɐ o a aː eː iː oː uː əː aːi ɐi aːu ɐu eːu eu iːu iu oːi oi uːi ui əːi əi əːu əu","# m n ŋ p t k",
"capp1239","cpg","Cappadocian Greek",35.45,38.73,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Bağrıaçık, Metin","2018","Pharasiot Greek: word order and clause structure",,"Ghent University",,,,,,,,"i u e o æ ɐ p b t d c k ɡ f v θ ð s z ʃ x ɣ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ ɾ l j w","-","?","?","?",
"stan1289","cat","Catalan",1.569,41.453,"Indo-European","BOOK","José I. Hualde","1992","Catalan","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p t k b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ z ʒ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r ɾ i u e o ɛ ɔ a ə","-","# p t k b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ z ʒ m n ɲ l ʎ r ɾ pɾ bɾ tɾ dɾ kɾ ɡɾ fɽ pl bl kl ɡl fl","i u e o ɛ ɔ a ə iu io iɛ iɔ ia iə uo uɛ uɔ ua uə ui ei oi ɛi ɔi ai əi eu ou ɛu ɔu au əu ii uu","# p b t d t͡ʃ k ɡ f s ʃ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r lp lk rp rt rk sp st sk ns ls ps ts ks fs ms ns ɲs ŋs ls ʎs rs lps lks rps rts rks sps","Eastern variety. ``Prepalatal'' consonants are transcribed as palato-alveolar. It wasn't certain whether the source analyzes VV sequences as nucleus-internal diphthongs as onset-nucleus/nucleus-coda sequences. Here they are transcribed as nuclues-internal diphthongs. The diphthongs were not comprehensively listed, but here it is assumed that all the logical combinations of iV, uV, Vi, and Vu are possible. ([ii]] and [uu] are also possible, cf. p. 385). /ŋ/ is here analyzed as a phoneme contra the source's analysis of /Nk/ > [ŋ], as it always surfaces as [ŋ]. It varies between [ŋ] and [ŋk] before a vowel (p. 373), but even in the case of [ŋk] it can still be analyzed as [ŋ] with a [k] that is deleted in other environments. I thus see no reason to not consider it to be a phoneme other than historical reasons."
"swis1247","gsw","Central Alemannic",8.46419,47.0516,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Fleischer, Jürg and Schmid, Stephan","2006","Zurich German",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","243--253","36",2,,"p⁺ p t⁺ t k⁺ k p͡f t͡s t͡ʃ k͡x m n ŋ r f⁺ f s⁺ s ʃ⁺ ʃ x⁺ x h ʋ j l i iː e eː ɛ ɛː æ æː y yː ø øː œ œː u uː o oː ɒ ɒː ə","-","?","i iː e eː ɛ ɛː æ æː y yː ø øː œ œː u uː o oː ɒ ɒː ə ei æi oi iə yə uə æu ou","?",
"cent2004","bca","Central Bai",99.7052,26.1666,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Xu 徐, Lin 琳","1984","Baiyu jianzhi 白语简志 [A brief description of the Bai language]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ x ɣ i e ɛ ɑ o u ɯ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ õ ɯ̃ ṽ","33 42 31 55 35 44 21 55","p pʰ m f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ x ɣ","i e ɛ ɑ o u ɯ v ɑo iɛ iɑ io iɯ ui uɛ uɑ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ õ ɯ̃ ṽ iɛ̃ iɑ̃ iõ iɯ̃ uĩ uɛ̃ uɑ̃","#",
"cent2314",,"Central Chong",102.270556,12.608611,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Ploykaew, Pornsawan","2001","Samre Grammar",,"Mahidol University",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ k kʰ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ s h l ɹ w j i ɯ u e ə i ɛ a ɔ iː ɯː uː eː əː oː ɛː aː ɔː","451/342 344/334/332 22/21","p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ k kʰ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ s h l ɹ w j [ppʰttʰckkʰms][lɹ] kw kʰw","m n ŋ i ɛ a ɔ iː ɯː uː eː əː oː ɛː aː ɔː iə ɯə uə","# p t c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ h ɹ w j",
"cent2009","zch","Central Hongshuihe Zhuang",108,23.95,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Wei 韦, Maofan 茂繁","2014","Xiaao zhuàng yu cankao yufa 下坳壮语参考语法 [A reference grammar of Xia'ao Zhuang]","Guangxi Renmin Chubanshe 广西人民出版社",,,,,,,,,"p m w pʲ mʲ f s t n l t͡ɕ ɕ ɲ r k ŋ h kʷ kʲ b d j ʔ a aː e eː ɛ ɛː ə əː i iː ɯː o oː u uː y","43 231 55 13 33 31 55C 13C 21C 33C","# p m w pʲ mʲ f s t n l t͡ɕ ɕ ɲ r k ŋ h kʷ kʲ b d j ʔ","a aː e eː ɛ ɛː ə əː i iː ɯ ɯː o oː u uː y aːi aːu ai au eːi eːu ei eu ɛːi ɛi əɯ ie iːu ia ia iau iɛ oːi oːu oi ou uːi ua uaː ui ya yaː ye yeː","# p t k m n ŋ",
"cent1989","khm","Central Khmer",105.015,12.0515,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Maspero, Georges","1915","Grammaire de la langue Khmère [Grammar of the Khmer language]","Imprimérie Nationale",,,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ b d f s h m n ɲ ŋ w j l r i ɨ u e ə o a ɔ","-","p t c k ʔ b d f s h m n ɲ ŋ w j l r pt pc pk pʔ pd pn pɲ pŋ pj pl pr ps ph tp tk tʔ tb tm tn tŋ tw tj tl tr th cp ck cʔ cb cd cm cn cɲ cŋ cw cl cr ch kp kt kc kʔ kb kd km kn kɲ kŋ kw kj kl kr ks kh sp st sk sʔ sb sd sm sn sɲ sŋ sw sl sr ʔw db mt mc mʔ md mn mɲ ml mr ms mh lp lk lʔ lb lm lŋ lw lh sth lkh","i ɨ u e ə o a ɔ ii ɨɨ uu ee əə oo aa ɔɔ eə eeə uə uuə oə ooə iiə ɨɨə aae aaə aao","# p t c k ʔ s h m n ɲ ŋ w j l",
"cent1972","ckb","Central Kurdish",45.8077,35.6539,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","McCarus, Ernest N.","2009","Kurdish","Routledge",,"The Iranian Languages","Windfuhr, Gernot",,"587--633",,,,"p t c͡ç k q ʔ b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ f s sˤ ç x ħ h z ʝ ɣ w j m n ŋ ɾ l r lˠ iː eː aː oː uː ɪ i u a","-","C CC","iː eː aː oː uː ɪ i u a","# C CC GZP",
"carp1235","rmc","Central Romani",20.3129,48.1968,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Beníšek, Michael","2017","Eastern Uzh varieties of North Central Romani",,"Univerzitá Karlová v Praze",,,,,,,,"m n ɲ p t c k pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʲ t͡ʃʰ d͡z d͡ʒ f s ʃ χ h sʲ v z ʒ zʲ r l ʎ j a e i o u aː","-","?","?","?",
"cent2128","ess","Central Siberian Yupik",-170.272,63.4308,"Eskimo-Aleut","PHDTHESIS","De Reuse, Willem Joseph","1988","Studies in Siberian Yupik Eskimo Morphology and Syntax",,"University of Texas at Austin",,,,,,,,"p t k q kʷ qʷ v ɮ z j ɣ ʁ ɣʷ ʁʷ f ɬ s x χ xʷ χʷ h m n ŋ ŋʷ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ŋʷ r r̥ i u ə a iː uː aː","-","?","?","?",
"chak1270","ckh","Chak",92.5953,21.4134,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Huziwara 藤原, Keisuke 敬介","2008","Chakku-go no kijutsu gengogakuteki kenkyū チャック語の記述言語学的研究 [A descriptive linguistic study of the Sak language]",,"Kyoto University 京都大学",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɓ ɗ s ʃ h v m n ŋ l r w j ʔ i ɨ ɯ u e ə o a","H L","# pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɓ ɗ s ʃ h v m n ŋ l r w j Cw Cj Cr CwC CjC CrC","i ɨ ɯ u e ə o a","# ʔ ŋ",
"chal1275","cld","Chaldean Neo-Aramaic",43.5027,37.0972,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Khan, Geoffrey","2002","The neo-Aramaic dialect of Qaraqosh","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p t c͡ç k q ʔ b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ tˤ f θ x ħ h s ç ð ɣ ʕ z sˤ ðˤ m n l r w j i u e ə o a","-","p t c͡ç k q ʔ b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ tˤ f θ x ħ h s ç ð ɣ ʕ z sˤ ðˤ m n l r w j CC","i u e ə o a","# p t c͡ç k q ʔ b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ tˤ f θ x ħ h s ç ð ɣ ʕ z sˤ ðˤ m n l r w j",
"chec1245","che","Chechen",45.5,43.5,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Johanna Nichols","1994","Chechen","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Smeets, Rieks",,"3--76","4",,,"p b p⁺ t d tʼ t⁺ t͡s t͡sʼ t͡s⁺ c͡ç c͡çʼ k ɡ kʼ k⁺ q qʼ q⁺ ʡ ʔ s z ç ʑ x ʁ ħ h m n l r r̥ w j ɥ i iː y yː u uː e eː ø o oː ə ɑː ĩ ĩː ỹ ỹː ũ ũː ẽ ẽː ø̃ õ õː ə̃ ɑ̃ː","-","?","i iː y yː u uː e eː ø o oː ə ɑː ye ie wo uo ɥø yø uj woj əj ow ew ĩ ĩː ỹ ỹː ũ ũː ẽ ẽː ø̃ õ õː ə̃ ɑ̃ː ỹẽ ĩẽ wõ ũõ ɥø̃ ỹø̃ ũj wõj ə̃j õw ẽw","?","``All (or probably all) vowels also occur nasalized'' (p. 8). Here it is assumed that this applies to diphthongs as well. When transcribing nasalized diphthongs, only the vocalic segments (and not the semivocalic segments) were transcribed as nasalized."
"chhi1245","ctn","Chintang",87.1899,26.961,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Paudyal, Netra Prasad","2015","Aspects of Chintang Syntax",,"Universität Zürich",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ ʔ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ s ɦ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ̤ m n ŋ l l̥ w j r i ɨ u e o a ĩ ũ ã ẽ õ ɨ̃","-","# p b t d k ɡ ʔ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ s ɦ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ̤ m n ŋ l l̥ w j r","i ɨ u e o a ĩ ũ ã ẽ õ ɨ̃","# p k ʔ m ŋ",
"kala1372","kls","Chitral Kalasha",71.6657,35.6415,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Bashir, Elena L.","1988","Topics in Kalasha Syntax: An Areal and Typological Perspective",,"University of Michigan",,,,,,,,"p t̪ ʈ k pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d̪ ɖ ɡ b̤ d̪ʰ ɖ̤ ɡ t̪͡s̪ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t̪͡s̪ʰ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d̪͡z̪ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d̪͡z̪ʰ d͡z̤ s ç ʂ h z ʝ ʐ m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ w j i u e a o","-","?","?","?",
"chit1274","the","Chitwania Tharu",84.4082,27.5825,"Indo-European","BOOK","Prasad, Paudyal Krishna","2014","A Grammar of Chitoniya Tharu","LINCOM",,,,,,,,,"i e ʌ a o u ĩ ẽ ʌ̃ ã õ ũ p pʰ b b̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ r r̥ w j","-","# p pʰ b b̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m n l r w j m̥ n̥ l̥ r̥ Cw Cj CL","i e ʌ a o u ĩ ẽ ʌ̃ ã õ ũ ʌu ʌi ai iu ei eu","# p pʰ b b̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m n ŋ m̥ n̥ l l̥ r r̥",
"chon1284","cog","Chong of Chanthaburi",102.514,12.5218,"Austroasiatic","MASTERSTHESIS","Siripen, Ungsitipoonporn","2001","A phonological comparison between Khlongphlu Chong and Wangkraphrae Chaong",,"Mahidol University",,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ b d m n ɲ ŋ s h l r w j i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː o oː ə əː ɛ ɛː ɔ ɔː a aː","M/HR HRˀ/Fˀ LFʰ HFʰˀ","p t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ b d m n ɲ ŋ s h l r w j pr pl pʰr pʰl kr kl kʰr kʰl kw kʰw ml mr","i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː o oː ə əː ɛ ɛː ɔ ɔː a aː uə","# p t t͡ɕ k ʔ h m n ɲ ŋ w j","Khlong Phlu variety. The four ``registers'' are here coded as tones."
"chot1239","nct","Chothe",94.2408,24.3722,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Singh, Hidam Brojen","2000","A descriptive grammar of Chothe",,"Manipur University",,,,,,,,"i e ə a u o p b t d c ɟ k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ŋ ɾ l s h w j","F M","p b t d c ɟ k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ŋ ɾ l s h w j kɾ bɾ pɾ tɾ","i e ə a u o","# p t k m n ŋ ɾ l w j",
"chuk1273","ckt","Chukchi",170.045,68.6436,"Chukotko-Kamchatkan","PHDTHESIS","Dunn, Michael J.","1999","A grammar of Chukchi",,"Australian National University",,,,,,,,"p t k q m n ŋ ɬ t͡s w ɾ j ɰ i e u iː eː uː","-","# p t k q m n ŋ ɬ t͡s w ɾ j ɰ","i e u ə iː eː uː","# p t k q m n ŋ ɬ t͡s w ɾ j ɰ","V1CV2 varies with V2V2, e. g. [qoɾa] ~ [qaa] `reindeer' (pp. 42-43). Here the V2V2 sequences are interpreted as long vowel phonemes, as they occur tautosyllabically. /t͡s/ in the women's variety corresponds to /s/ in the men's variety. Here, the women's variety is chosen, as the source reports that ``women's Chukchi is not only universal among female speakers of Chukchi, but that due to better rates of language retention among women it comprises the most widely known and used form of the language'' (p. 6). Glottalization, which is a suprasegmental feature according to the source, is not coded here."
"chut1247","scb","Chut",105.773,17.6819,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Nguyễn, Văn Lợi","1993","Tiếng Rục [Ruc language]","Xuá̂t Bàn Khoa Học Xã Hội",,,,,,,,,"b p pʰ β m d t tʰ s n l r ʈ ʂ ɟ c j ɲ k kʰ ŋ ʔ h i e ɛ ɨ ə a u o ɔ","H L HR LFR","# b p pʰ β m d t tʰ s n l r ʈ ʂ ɟ c j ɲ k kʰ ŋ ʔ h pl pʰl bl ml pr br pʰr tl tr cr tw kl kr kʰr kw kʰw ŋw sr hw","i e ɛ ɨ ə a u o ɔ iə uə ɨə","# p t c k s h m n ɲ ŋ w l j r",
"chuv1255","chv","Chuvash",47.163,55.487,"Turkic","INCOLLECTION","Savelyev, Alexander","2020","Chuvash and the Bulgaric languages","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford guide to the Transeurasian languages","Robbeets, Martine and Savelyev, Alexander",,"446--464",,,"1","i y ɯ ʊ u ɜ ɘ ø̆ ə ŏ a p t c k s ʂ ɕ x t͡ʃ m n ɲ ʋ j r l ʎ","-","# p t c k s ʂ ɕ x t͡ʃ m n ɲ ʋ j r l ʎ","i y ɯ ʊ u ɜ ɘ ø̆ ə ŏ a","# p t c k s ʂ ɕ x t͡ʃ m n ɲ ʋ j r l ʎ RT","Completed with personal communication with the author."
"cimb1238","cim","Cimbrian",11.324,45.921,"Indo-European","BOOK","Tyroller, Hans","2003","Grammatische Beschreibung des Zimbrischen in Lusern [Grammatical description of Cimbrian in Luserna]","Franz Steiner Verlag",,,,,,,,,"a aː e eː ɛ ɛː ø øː o oː i iː y yː u uː p b p͡f f v t d t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s ʃ k ɡ k͡x x h j m n ŋ l r","-","# C CC ʃPR","a aː e eː ɛ ɛː ø øː o oː i iː y yː u uː ai ay au ei ia ya ua ea øa oa R","# C CC CRC CFC CČC",
"neap1235","nap","Continental Southern Italian",16.4225,39.2288,"Indo-European","BOOK","Ledgeway, Adam","2009","Grammatica diacronica del Napoletano [Diachronic grammar of Napolitan]","Max Niemeyer",,,,,,,,,"i e ɛ a ɔ o u ə p t k f v s ʃ ɣ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ɲ ʎ l r j","-","?","?","?",
"cors1241","cos","Corsican",9.25537,41.7,"Indo-European","BOOK","Mathé Giacomo-Marcellesi","1997","Corse [Corsican]","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"i e ɛ a ɔ o u p t c k b d ɟ ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡z d͡ʒ f s ʃ v z ʒ m n ɲ l ʎ r","-","?","?","?",
"cosa1234",,"Cosao",101.566667,21.616667,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Bai 白, Bibo 碧波 and Xu 许, Xianming 鲜明","2015","Cuosuoyu yanjiu 搓梭语研究 [Studies on the Cosao language]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m w pʲ pʰʲ mʲ f v t͡s t͡sʰ s z t tʰ n l tʲ tʰʲ lʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ŋ x ɣ kʲ kʰʲ ŋʲ h q qʰ i a e ɛ ə ɯ u o ɔ y a̰ ə̰ ɔ̰","31 33 55 53 24","# p pʰ m w pʲ pʰʲ mʲ f v t͡s t͡sʰ s z t tʰ n l tʲ tʰʲ lʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ŋ x ɣ kʲ kʰʲ ŋʲ h q qʰ","i a e ɛ ə ɯ u o ɔ y a̰ ə̰ ɔ̰ ei ai aɯ au əi əu ɔi ua uai ui","# m n ŋ p t k",
"cypr1248","acy","Cypriot Arabic",33.0943,35.1674,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Tsiapera, Maria","1969","A Descriptive Analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic","Mouton and Co.",,,,,,,,,"p t tˠ k ʔ b d ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ f θ s sˠ ç x ħ h v ð ðˠ z ʝ ɣ ʕ m n l r w j i u iː uː e o eː oː a aː","-","p t tˠ k ʔ b d ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ f θ s sˠ ç x ħ h v ð ðˠ z ʝ ɣ ʕ m n l r w j pk pf ps pç px ph pʝ pʕ pm pn pl ts tm tl tr tˠɡ kç kv km kn kl kr kw bz br dn dr ft fk fɡ fs fl fr θk θɡ θn sp st sk sm sn sl çp çt çk çf çl çr xp xt xk xb xf xs xv xm xn xl xr vl ðb ðr ʝv ʝr ɣb ɣd ɣʝ ɣr mb md mɡ mf nɟ͡ʝ rk rɡ rf rʝ rm ptj pkj θkj str çtr xtn ðkj mps mpç mpx mbk mbʝ mbl mbr nts ndr kj bl","i u iː uː e o eː oː a aː ej aj oj uj","# p t tˠ k b d ɡ f θ s sˠ ç x ħ h v ð ðˠ z ʝ ɣ ʕ m n l r w j pt ps px pn tf tn ks kn kl kr bl br ft fr sp st sm sl çt çk xt xf xm xn xl xr ħç ħl ðn ʝl ʝr ʕt ʕl mp mt nt nd nɡ lp lt lb lf lx lv lm rp rt rʝ nk mpt mps mpx mbl mbr nɡt",
"czec1258","ces","Czech",15.10437,49.873398,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Bičan, Aleš","2011","Phonotactics of Czech",,"Masaryk University",,,,,,,,"p b f v m t d s z n c ɟ ʃ ʒ ɲ k ɡ x h i e iː eː a aː u o uː oː l r r̝ j","-","# p b f v m t d s z n c ɟ ʃ ʒ ɲ k ɡ x h l r r̝ j [pbfvmtdszncɟʃʒɲkɡxhlrr̝j][pbtdɡfvszʃʒxjrr̝lmnɲ] [tdkvszxhjrr̝lpbɡfʃʒmnɲ][pbtdkfvszʃʒxhr̝mnɲ][pbtdcɟkvsʃʒxhmnɲjr̝rl] [thlpbdfvszʃʒmnɲ][tkszxhr̝dʃʒ][pbtdkvsʃxhmnɲ][vmnɲjr̝rl] [fvsz][tdsz]kvj","i e iː eː a aː u o uː oː l r au ɛu ou","# p b t d c ɟ k ɡ f v s z ʃ ʒ x h m n ɲ j r̝ r l [pbtdkɡfvszʃʒxhmnɲjr̝rl][pbtdcɟkɡfvszʃʒxhmnɲr̝rl] [pbtdkɡmnjrl][pbtdkɡszʃʒ][tdkɡszʃʒ]",
"daai1236","dao","Daai Chin",93.7853,20.7347,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","So-Hartmann, Helga","2009","A descriptive grammar of Daai Chin","Center for Southeast Asia Studies",,,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ m n ŋ s x h sʰ ɣ ɬ l j i iː ɯ ɯː u uː ɛ ɛː ə əː ɔ ɔː a aː","M HF","# p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ m n ŋ s x h sʰ ɣ ɬ x l j pj pɣ pʰj pʰɣ bj bɣ m̥ɣ mɣ kɣ kʰɣ ŋ̥ɣ ŋɣ hj wj wɣ","m n ŋ ʔ i iː ɯ ɯː u uː ɛ ɛː ə əː ɔ ɔː a aː ei eːi ai aːi əi əːi ɔi ɔːi ui uːi ɯi ɯːi əɯ aɯ aːɯ ɔu","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j Cʔ",
"daur1238","dta","Dagur",124,48,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Martin, Samuel E.","1961","Dagur Mongolian: Grammar, Texts, and Lexicon","Indiana University",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡ʃ k b d d͡ʒ ɡ m n ʃ h x ɾ l i a e o u","-","# C","n i a e o u","# C",
"dama1278","idb","Daman-Diu Portuguese",72.84146,20.396759,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Cardoso, Hugo C.","2009","The Indo-Portuguese language of Diu",,"Universiteit van Amsterdam",,,,,,,,"i u e o ɛ ɔ a ə õ ã ĩ ũ ẽ p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ r f v s z ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ j w l","-","# p b t d k ɡ m n r f v s z ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ j l PL FL","i u e o ɛ ɔ a ə õ ã ĩ ũ ẽ iw ew ej ɛj əj aj aw ɔj oj uj ẽj ãj ãw õj","# p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ r f s ʃ t͡ʃ j w l LP LF",
"dand1238","daq","Dandami Maria",81.3598,18.7475,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Pandey, Keshinath M.","1979","A grammar of Dandami Maria",,"Ravishankar Shukla University",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n s h l r ɽ ʋ j i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n s h l r ɽ ʋ j NP NČ","i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n s h l r ɽ ʋ j tk ʈk ɖk t͡ɕk nt nd nɖ nk nɡ nt͡ɕ nd͡ʑ sk hp hk hs lk ls rd rk rm rs rv ɽt ɽd ɽɡ ɽd͡ʑ ɽm sm ʋm ʋk jd jk nɖk nsk lhs rnɡ rnj rhs ɽnj ʋnɡ jnɡ ɽnsk dk dm ms sp ht lp lm lh rt rɡ rn rh ɽp ɽk ɽn ɽs ɽh ɽʋ rsk ɽnd͡ʑ",
"dani1285","dan","Danish",9.36284,54.8655,"Indo-European","BOOK","Basb∅ll, Hans","2005","The phonology of Danish","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"i e ɛ a ɑ y ø œ u o ɔ ɒ ə ɐ p b f m ʋ t d s n ð l j k ɡ ŋ ʁ h","-","# p b f m ʋ t d s n l j k ɡ ʁ h sb sd sɡ pʁ tʁ kʁ fʁ t ʋ kʋ sʋ pl kl fl sl kn fn sn sm pj tj kj fj bʁ dʁ ɡʁ dʋ bl ɡl ɡn bj dj ɡj ʋʁ mj sbʁ sdʁ sɡʁ sɡʋ sbl sbj sdj sɡj","i e ɛ a ɑ y ø œ u o ɔ ɒ ə ɐ","# b f m ʋ d s n ð l j ɡ ŋ ʁ ʁʋ jl jn ʋl ʋn ʁm ʁn jd js jɡ ʋd ʋs ʁb ʁd ʁɡ ʁf ʁs lm lʋ lj lb ld lɡ lf ls mb md ms mf nd ns ŋd ŋs ŋɡ sb bs sd ds sɡ ɡs bd ɡd fd ʁsd ʁds ʁfd ʁsɡ ʋsd jsd lsd lsg lɡd lfd msd msɡ nsd nsɡ ŋsd bsɡ dsɡ ɡsd",
"daoh1239",,"Daohua",101.007222,30.0325,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Acuo 阿错, Yeshes Vodgsal 意西微萨","2004","Dàohuà Yánjiū 倒话研究 [A study of the Daohua]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b ⁿb m f w t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ⁿd͡z s z t tʰ d ⁿd n l ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ʂ ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ɡ ⁿɡ ŋ x ʔ h i e ɛ a y ø ɐ ə u ɯ o ɔ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ỹ õ ɔ̃","554 332 51 324","p pʰ b ⁿb m f w t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ⁿd͡z s z t tʰ d ⁿd n l ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ʂ ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ɡ ⁿɡ ŋ x ʔ h","i e ɛ a y ø ɐ ə u ɯ o ɔ z ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ỹ õ ɔ̃ ia iɔ ie iu ye ui ue uɛ ua əu iɛ̃ uẽ uɛ̃ yɛ̃ iõ iɔ̃ uɔ̃","#",
"dari1249","prs","Dari",67.3593,31.0405,"Indo-European","BOOK","Mitchell, Rebecca and Naser, Djamal","2017","A grammar of Dari","LINCOM",,,,,,,,,"i u ʊ e o ɛ a ɑ p b t d k ɡ q m n ɾ f s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ j w l t͡ʃ d͡ʒ","-","# p b t d k ɡ q m n ɾ f s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ j w l t͡ʃ d͡ʒ","i u ʊ e o ɛ a ɑ au ai ɑi oi ui","# C ks st zd xs ɣz xʃ fʃ sp xt ʃq bz zb",
"darm1243","drd","Darma",80.5439,29.8629,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Willis, Christina M.","2007","A Descriptive Grammar of Darma: An Endangered Tibeto-Burman Language",,"University of Texas at Austin",,,,,,,,"p b t̪ d t ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ m n ŋ ɾ s χ h l w j i u e ɛ o a õ ã","L H","p b t̪ d t ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ m n ŋ ɾ s χ h l w j ʔ kʰw kw ɡw lw hw pj pʰj bj t̪ʰj tj tʰj ʈʰj dj ɟj kʰj ɡj mj nj sj lj","i u e ɛ o a õ ã","# p b t̪ d̪ ʈ k ɡ m n ŋ ɾ s χ l j",
"deor1238","der","Deori",93.70572,26.86152,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Jacquesson, François","2005","Le deuri: langue tibéto-birmane d'Assam [Deuri: Tibeto-Burman language of Assam]","Peeters",,,,,,,,,"i e a o u ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ m n ŋ p b t d k ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s j h l r w","M H","# m n ŋ p b t d k ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s j h l r w","i e a o u ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ","# m n ŋ l r j","The tone system is described as moribund (p. 74)."
"dhim1246","dhi","Dhimal",88.3798,26.6283,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","King, John Timothy","2008","A Grammar of Dhimal",,"Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden",,,,,,,,"b b̤ p pʰ m m̥ w w̥ d d̤ t tʰ n n̥ ɾ ɾ̥ l l̥ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ t͡ɕ s j j̥ ɡ ɡ̤ k kʰ ŋ ʔ ɦ i iː e eː ə a aː o oː u uː ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ","-","# b b̤ p pʰ m m̥ w w̥ d d̤ t tʰ n n̥ ɾ ɾ̥ l l̥ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ t͡ɕ s j j̥ ɡ ɡ̤ k kʰ ɦ Cj Cw","i iː e eː ə a aː o oː u uː ĩ ẽ ã õ ũ iu eu au ai oi ui m","# m n ŋ ɾ l ʔ k t","``Consonant clusters, although not common, do occur due to compounding, elision and word borrowing. Except for the aforementioned cases, the only permitted medials are /y/ and /w/'' (p. 41). Here, only /Cj/ and /Cw/ are listed as possible (onset) clusters, as other exceptional cases were not listed in the source."
"dhiv1236","div","Dhivehi",73.54433,1.928498,"Indo-European","BOOK","Gnanadesikan, Amalia E.","2017","Dhivehi: The Language of the Maldives","De Gruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɖ ⁿɡ m n ɲ f s z ʂ h ʃ x l ɭ ʋ ɻ j i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː æː","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɖ ⁿɡ m n ɲ f s z ʂ h ʃ x l ɭ ʋ ɻ j","i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː æː au oi ui","# p b t d ʈ ɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ m n ɲ f s z ʂ ʃ x l ɭ ʋ ɻ j",
"dhof1235","adf","Dhofari Arabic",54.4894,17.0796,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Davey, Richard J.","2016","Coastal Dhofari Arabic: A Sketch Grammar","Brill",,,,,,,,,"b t d tˤ k ɡ q ʔ f θ ð ðˤ s z sˤ ʃ x ɣ ħ ʕ h m n l ɾ j w ʒ lˤ i u a iː uː eː oː aː","-","# b t d tˤ k ɡ q ʔ f θ ð ðˤ s z sˤ ʃ x ɣ ħ ʕ h m n l ɾ j w ʒ lˤ CC","i u a iː uː eː oː aː","# b t d tˤ k ɡ q ʔ f θ ð ðˤ s z sˤ ʃ x ɣ ħ ʕ h m n l ɾ ʒ lˤ CC",
"diml1238","diq","Dimli",39.6388,38.6147,"Indo-European","BOOK","Todd, Terry Lynn","2008","A Grammar of Dimili also known as Zaza","Iremet",,,,,,,,"3","p t t͡ʃ k q b d d͡ʒ ɡ f s ʃ x h ħ v z ʒ ɣ ʕ tˤ sˤ m n l lˠ ɾ r w j i e ɑ ə ɨ u ʊ o",,"# p t t͡ʃ k q b d d͡ʒ ɡ f s ʃ x h ħ v z ʒ ɣ ʕ tˤ sˤ m n l lˠ ɾ r w j CC","i e ɑ ə ɨ u ʊ o","# C CC",
"dolg1241","dlg","Dolgan",94.2936,71.1083,"Turkic","BOOK","Li, Yong-Sŏng","2011","A study of Dolgan","Seoul National University Press",,,,,,,,,"a aː ɔ ɔː ɛ ɛː œ œː ɯ ɯː u uː i iː y yː b p d t ɡ k t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s h m n ɲ ŋ ɾ j l","-","?","?","?",
"doma1258","rmt","Domari",35,32,"Indo-European","BOOK","Matras, Yaron","2012","A Grammar of Domari","De Gruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː p t tˤ k q b d dˤ d͡ʒ ɡ ʔ m n ŋ l lˠ r f s sˤ ʃ x χ ħ h z zˤ ɣ ʕ w j","-","# p t tˤ k q b d dˤ d͡ʒ ɡ ʔ m n ŋ l lˠ r f s sˤ ʃ x χ ħ h z zˤ ɣ ʕ w j pl pr pj tm tr tf th tˤħ tw kt bk bl br bj db dr df dˤj ɡr kn kl kr kw kj ɡh qn qr ql ml mf mh mw nh ft fl fh sp st sk sb sn sl sˤr sˤħ sʔ sw ʃt ʃm ʃl ʃtr xtˤ xb xm xl xr hn hr wl wsˤ zl zr zh ʒb ʒm ɣr ħk ħl ħs","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː","# C","``[The] phonemic status [of /ʔ/] in word-initial position is controversial, as it tends to disappear in word boundaries ... It is retained, however, after a meaningful pause or else to emphasise a word boundary, in post-vocalic position in the inherited existential negation expression, as well as in Arabic lexemes'' (p. 45). Here it is included as a possible onset."
"dong1285","sce","Dongxiang",103.558,35.5808,"Mongolic-Khitan","PHDTHESIS","Field, Kenneth Lynn","1997","A grammatical overview of Santa Mongolian",,"University of California at Santa Barbara",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ f s ʂ ɕ x h ʐ ʁ m n ŋ r l w j i ɯ u ə ə˞ o ɑ","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ f s ʂ ɕ x h ʐ ʁ m n r l Cj Cw","i ɯ u ə ə˞ o ɑ","# n ŋ j w r",
"chug1252","cvg","Duhumbi",92.2255891,27.4177713,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus","2017","Grammar of Duhumbi (Chugpa)",,"Universität Bern",,,,,,,,"a e i ɔ u aˀ eˀ ɔˀ uˀ p pʰ b m w t tʰ d n t͡s t͡sʰ s z ɹ l t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ j k kʰ ɡ ŋ h","-","# p pʰ b m w t tʰ d n t͡s t͡sʰ s z ɹ l t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɕ ʑ ɲ j k kʰ ɡ ŋ h kɹ kʰɹ ɡɹ pɹ pʰɹ bɹ pɕ","a e i ɔ u aˀ eˀ ɔˀ uˀ","# p t k m n ŋ s ɹ j w mp ɹt ŋk","``Pre-glottalised, creaky, rising pitch'' vowels <á̰ˀ ḛ́ˀ ɔ̰́ˀ ṵ́ˀ> are transcribed here as <aˀ eˀ ɔˀ uˀ>."
"dumi1241","dus","Dumi",86.75699,27.45849,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Rai, Netra Mani","2016","A grammar of Dumi",,"Tribhuvan University",,,,,,,,"a ɨ o u ʌ i e aː ɨː oː uː ʌː iː eː ĩ ũ ã p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ r l m n ŋ s h j w k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ","-","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ r l m n ŋ s h j w k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ pr pʰr br b̤r kr kʰr ɡr ɡ̤r pl pʰl bl b̤l kl kʰl ɡl ɡ̤l pj pʰj bj kj kʰj ɡj tj tʰj d͡z̤j t͡sj t͡sʰj sj hj kw tw tʰw d͡z̤w t͡sw t͡sʰw sw kʰlj prj plj pʰlj kʰlj krw klw pw pʰw bw dj rj rw lj lw nj nw ŋj sw kw","a ɨ o u ʌ i e aː ɨː oː uː ʌː iː eː ĩ ũ ã iu ui ei eu oi ou ʌi ʌu ai au","# p b t k kʰ ʔ s m n ŋ r l",
"dung1253","dng","Dungan",76.8382,42.7292,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Lin 林, Tao 涛","2003","Zhongya dongganyu yanjiu 中亚东干语研究 [Studies of the Dungan Language of Central Asia]","Xianggang Jiaoyu Chubanshe 香港教育出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ k kʰ ŋ x r i u a ə ɛ ɔ o e æ̃ ɹ","24 51 44","# p pʰ m f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ k kʰ ŋ x r","z i u y ʐ a ia ua ə iə ue yə ɛ uɛ ɔ iɔ uɛi ei uei ou iou æ̃ iæ̃ uæ̃ yæ̃","# ŋ ə˞","The source notes that rhoticization (``erhua'') is productive (p. 37) without giving the comprehensive list of rhoticized rhymes. Here I treat rhoticized rhymes as a /Və˞/ sequence (where /ə˞/ is the coda) by adding a /ə˞/ phoneme not mentioned in the source."
"whit1267","giw","Duoluo Gelao",105.07,23.0196,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Kang 康, Zhongde 忠德","2009","Judou gelao yu cankao yufa 居都仡佬语参考语法 [Reference grammar of Judou Gelao language]",,"Zhongyang Minzu Daxue 中央民族大学",,,,,,,,"p t k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l ɬ f s ɕ x h v z ʑ j ɣ w ʔ͡l ʔ͡ɲ ʔ͡ʑ ʔ͡j i e ɛ a ə ʌ o u ɯ","55 33 35 31","p t k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l ɬ f s ɕ x h v z ʑ j ɣ w ʔ͡l ʔ͡ɲ ʔ͡ʑ ʔ͡j pl pʰl bl ml nʑ pz","i e ɛ a ə ʌ o u ɯ ei ai ui iu au əu aɯ əɯ ie ia io iu ua iau iaɯ","# n ŋ","The source suggests that /pz/ could be a variant of the phoneme /p/ instead of a biphonemic cluster (p. 7)."
"dutc1256","nld","Dutch",5,52,"Indo-European","BOOK","Booij, Geert","1999","The Phonology of Dutch","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"ɪ ɛ ɔ ɤ ɑ i y u e ø o a ə œ p b t d k ɡ f v s z x ɣ h m n ŋ l r ʋ j","-","# p b t d k ɡ f v s z x ɣ h m n ŋ l r ʋ j pj tj kj tw dw sw zw fj sj pl bl pr br tr dr fl vl fr vr sl xl xr ɣl ɣr sm sn kn pn fn ɣn sp st sk sf sx spr str skr spl skl sxr","ɪ ɛ ɔ ɤ ɑ i y u e ø o a ə ɛi œy ɔu","# p b t d k ɡ f v s z x ɣ m n ŋ l r ʋ j lm rm rn lp lf lv lk lɣ rp rf rv rk rx rɣ sp st sk",
"dzon1239","dzo","Dzongkha",89.581604,27.410786,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Watters, Stephen","2018","A grammar of Dzongkha (dzo): phonology, words, and simple clauses",,"Rice University",,,,,,,,"b̤ b p pʰ d̤ d t tʰ ɖ̤ ɖ ʈ ʈʰ ɡ̤ ɡ k kʰ d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ d͡ʒ̤ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ z̤ z s ʒ̤ ʒ ʃ h m n n̥ ɾ ɾ̥ ɲ ŋ l̥ l w j i iː y u uː e eː ø o oː ɛ ɛː ɜ ɐː ĩː ỹː ũː ẽː ø̃ː õː ɐ̃ː","-","# b̤ b p pʰ d̤ d t tʰ ɖ̤ ɖ ʈ ʈʰ ɡ̤ ɡ k kʰ d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ d͡ʒ̤ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ z̤ z s ʒ̤ ʒ ʃ h m n n̥ ɾ ɾ̥ ɲ ŋ l̥ l w j b̤d͡ʒ̤ bd͡ʒ pt͡ʃ pt͡ʃʰ","i iː y u uː e eː ø o oː ɛ ɛː ɜ ɐː ĩː ỹː ũː ẽː ø̃ː õː ɐ̃ː","# p k m n ŋ ɾ l ʃ t͡s w j","``Devoiced'' obstruents (transcribed as <b̥ d̥ ɖ̥ ...> in the source) are interpreted as breathy voiced consonants, as their characteristics include ``breathy voice quality in the following vowel'' (pp. 28-29). The ``heteroorganic affricates'' are interpreted as plosive-affricate clusters, contra the source's analysis of them being single phonemes. Tonal contrast is emergent, but not reflected here."
"eeee1240","eee","E",109.063,24.7262,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Wei 韦, Maofan 茂繁 and Wei 韦, Shuguan 树关","2011","Wusehua yanjiu 五色话研究 [A study of Wusehua]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m m̥ f w t tʰ n n̥ l l̥ t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ ŋ̥ ʔ h a aː e i y ɔ u ə","51 31 55 24 35 54C 24C","p pʰ m m̥ f w t tʰ n n̥ l l̥ t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ ŋ̥ ʔ h ʔm ʔn ʔɲ ʔŋ ʔ ʔj pj pʰj mj m̥j fj wj ʔwj tj tʰj lj kj kʰj ŋj hj pw kw kʰw ŋw ŋ̥w ʔŋw hw","m n ŋ a aːi aːu ai au e ei eu ye i ia iu y ɔ ɔi u ə əu","# m n ŋ p t k",
"tang1336","nmf","East-Central Tangkhul Naga",94.3567,25.0489,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Devi, Thokchom Lakhipriya","2011","The Tangkhul grammar of Shangshak village",,"Manipur University",,,,,,,,"i e ə a u o p t k b d ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ c m n ɲ ŋ l s h ʃ f v z w j r","M F","# p t k b d ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ c m n ɲ ŋ l s h ʃ f v z w j r tr pj kr kw sl sk rh sŋ sn pr kʰr CCG","i e ə a u o","# k m n ŋ h r d s l z v",
"nucl1235","hye","Eastern Armenian",45,40,"Indo-European","BOOK","Dum-Tragut, Jasmine","2009","Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian","John Benjamins",,,,,,,,,"b d ɡ p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ v z ʒ ʁ h f s ʃ χ d͡z d͡ʒ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ m n ɾ r l ʋ j i u ə ɛ ɔ ɑ","-","# b d ɡ p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ v z ʒ ʁ h f s ʃ χ d͡z d͡ʒ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ m n ɾ r l ʋ j","i u ə ɛ ɔ ɑ","# C CC",
"east2304","bgp","Eastern Balochi",62,28,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Elfenbein, Josef","1997","Balochi Phonology","Eisenbrauns",,"Phonologies of Asia and Africa 2","Alan S. Kaye",,"761--775",,,,"ɨ ʉ a iː uː aː eː oː ɨ̃ ʉ̃ ã ĩː ũː ãː ẽː õː p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f x ɣ h s z ʃ ʒ m n l ɾ ɽ w j","-","?","ɨ ʉ a iː uː aː eː oː aɨ aʉ ɨ̃ ʉ̃ ã ĩː ũː ãː ẽː õː","?","It is unclear whether diphthongs can be nasalized as well."
"east2690","avl","Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic",33.6113,29.6742,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","de Jong, Rudolf","2000","A Grammar of the Bedouin Dialects of the Northern Sinai Littoral, Bridging the Linguistic Gap between the Eastern and Western Arab World","Brill",,,,,,,,,"b t d k ɡ q ʔ tˤ kˤ m n f s z θ ð ɕ ʑ x ɣ ħ ʕ h sˤ zˤ ðˤ ɟ͡ʝ r rˤ l lˤ w j i u a iː eː aː oː uː","-","?","?","?","Based on Chapter One, ``A Description Of The Dialects Of The Ǧbāliyyah, Awlād Sa‘īd, ṢawālḤah, Garāršah And Ḥamāḍah''. ``Postalveolar'' <š ž> are interpreted as /ɕ ʑ/."
"east1236","ktv","Eastern Katu",107.644,15.8553,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Hoành, Nguyên Hũu and Loi, Nguyên Văn","1998","Tiếng Katu [The Katu language]","Xuá̂t Bàn Khoa Học Xã Hội",,,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ ɓ ɗ ʄ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ v l r j h m n ɲ ŋ w j wˀ iˀ j̥ i iː e eː ɛ ɛː æ æː ɯ ɯː ɤ ɤː ʌ ʌː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː ɑ ɑː ə","-","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ ɓ ɗ ʄ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ v l r j h m n ɲ ŋ [pcksb̤d̤ɟ̤ɡ̤m][lr]","i iː e eː ɛ ɛː æ æː ɨ ɨː ɘ ɘː ə əː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː ɑ ɑː iə uə ɯə ɛa ʌa ɔa m n ɲ ŋ","# p t c k ʔ w j h wˀ jˀ j̥ m n ɲ ŋ l r","It is unclear what the codas transcribed as <u i W? i? ih> signify. Here I interpret them as /w j wˀ iˀ j̥/."
"east2342","eky","Eastern Kayah",98.3359,19.8939,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Solnit, David B.","1997","Eastern Kayah Li: Grammar, Texts and Glossary","University of Hawaii Press",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ b d m n ŋ s h v j l ɻ i e ɛ ɯ u ɤ o ʌ ɔ a","33 11 21 55 52","# ʔ p t t͡ɕ k pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ b d m n ŋ s h w j l ɻ pl pʰɻ kl kʰɻ","i e ɛ ɯ u ɤ o ʌ ɔ a wi wa we ja jo jɯ","#",
"east2352","mgp","Eastern Magar",87.06171,27.4135166667,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Grunow-Hårsta, Karen A.","2008","A descriptive grammar of two Magar dialects of Nepal: Tanahu and Syangja Magar",,"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee",,,,,,,,"p t̪ t k ʔ pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ kʰ b d̪ d ɡ b̤ d̪ʰ d̤ ɡ̤ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ s h ɦ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ɹ ɹ̻ l l̥ w j w̥ j̥ i e ʌ u o a","-","# p t̪ t k ʔ pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ kʰ b d̪ d ɡ b̤ d̪ʰ d̤ ɡ̤ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ s h ɦ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ɹ ɹ̻ l l̥ w j w̥ j̥ Tɹ TG TɹG","i e ʌ u o a ei oi au eu","# C",
"east2328","mhr","Eastern Mari",48.405,55.8307,"Uralic","BOOK","Zorina Зорина, Z. G. З. Г. and Krylova Крылова, G. S. Г. С. and Jakimova Якимова, È. S. Э. С.","1990","Marijskij Jazyk dlja vsex Марийский язык для всех [Mari language for everyone]","Marijskoe Knižnoe Izdatel'stvo Марийское книжное издательство",,,,,,,,,"y i ø e u ə̃ o a ɯ p b t d k ɡ m n nʲ ŋ t͡s t͡ʃ s z ʃ ʒ x l lʲ j r","-","?","?","?",
"east2773",,"Eastern Newari",86.033964,27.576985,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Genetti, Carol","2007","A grammar of Dolakha Newar","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ t͡ʃ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ m n ŋ s h l ɽ w j i u e o a ɑ ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã ɑ̃","-","# p t ʈ t͡ʃ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ m n ŋ s h l ɽ w j pj tj ʈj t͡ʃj kj pʰj tʰj ʈʰj t͡ʃʰj kʰj bj dj ɖj d͡ʒj ɡj nj ŋj sj lj pw tw ʈw t͡ʃw kw pʰw tʰw ʈʰw t͡ʃʰw kʰw bw dw ɖw d͡ʒw ɡw mw nw ŋw sw lw","i u e o a ɑ ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã ɑ̃ eu oi ai au ɑi ɑu","# p t k m n ŋ r l s i","It is assumed that /ww/ and /jj/ are not possible onset clusters, although they would be technically possible based on the source's description."
"panj1256","pan","Eastern Panjabi",75.6702,30.0368,"Indo-European","BOOK","Bhatia, Tej K.","1993","Punjabi: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ m n ɳ ɲ n ɾ ɽ l ɭ s ʂ h w j i ĩ ʊ ʊ̃ ɪ ɪ̃ ʊ ʊ̃ e ẽ o õ æ æ̃ ə ə̃ ʌ ʌ̃ a ã","L H","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ m n ɲ n ɾ l s ʂ h w j ɽ ɭ pɾ kɾ ɡɾ ʈɾ tɾ sɾ sl kj kʰj tj pj bj kj ɡj","i ĩ ʊ ʊ̃ ɪ ɪ̃ ʊ ʊ̃ e ẽ o õ æ æ̃ ə ə̃ ʌ ʌ̃ a ã ɪo ɪʌ ɪa ʊa əi əe əo əu","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ m n ɳ ɲ n ɾ ɽ l ɭ s ʂ h w j kk kkʰ kʰt lkʰ kʈ kt ks ɡɡ ɡl cc ɟɾ ʈk ʈʈʰ tkʰ tl nɖ pt psʰ bk bt bd bɾ mk mj ɾk ɾc ɾɟ ɾɖ ɾt ɾd ɾpʰ ɾb ɾm ɾl ɾɽ ɾs ɾz lk lʈ lt ld lp lb ls sk sʈ st sn sb sp ɽɡ ɽp ɽn ʂk ʂt",
"east2347","taj","Eastern Tamang",87.0832,27.3239,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Lee, Sung-Woo","2011","Eastern Tamang Grammar Sketch",,"Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ p⁺ t⁺ ʈ⁺ k⁺ p t ʈ k t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ⁺ t͡ɕ s h m n ŋ l ɾ w j i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː","HF H L LF","# pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ p⁺ t⁺ ʈ⁺ k⁺ p t ʈ k t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ⁺ t͡ɕ s h m n ŋ l ɾ w j p⁺l p⁺ɾ p⁺w p⁺j pʰl pʰɾ pʰw pʰj p⁺l p⁺ɾ p⁺w p⁺j ml mɾ mw mj t⁺w tʰw tw lj ɾj ʈ⁺w ʈʰw ʈw t͡ɕ⁺w t͡ɕ⁺j t͡ɕʰw t͡ɕʰj t͡ɕw t͡ɕj sw sj k⁺l k⁺ɾ k⁺w k⁺j kʰl kʰɾ kʰw kʰj kl kɾ kw kj ŋj","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː oi ai au ui","# p t ʈ k t͡ɕ s m n ŋ l ɾ","``Nasality is marginally distinctive ... Nasal vowels only occur with Nepali loan word'' (p. 15)."
"east2295","ydd","Eastern Yiddish",19.42,51.75,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Kleine, Ane","2003","Standard Yiddish",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","261--265","33",2,,"p b t d tʲ dʲ k ɡ ʔ m n nʲ r f v s z ʃ ʒ sʲ zʲ x ɣ h j l ʎ ɪ ʊ ɛ ɜ ɔ a","-","?","ɪ ʊ ɛ ɜ ɔ a ɛɪ ɔɜ aɛ l n","?",
"stan1293","eng","English",-1,53,"Indo-European","BOOK","Gut, Ulrike","2009","Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology","Peter Lang GmbH",,,"Huber, Magnus and Mukherjee, Joybrato",,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h ɹ j l w t͡ʃ d͡ʒ i u ɪ ʊ e ɜ ə ɔ æ ʌ ɒ ɑ","-","# p b t d k ɡ m n f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h ɹ j l w t͡ʃ d͡ʒ pl pɹ pj bl bɹ bj fl fɹ fj vj tɹ tw dɹ dw θr θw sm sn sl sw ʃɹ kl kɹ kw kj ɡl ɡɹ ɡw ɡj hj mj tj dj sj zj nj lj s[ptk][ɹjlw]","n m ŋ l ɹ i u ɪ ʊ e ɜ ə ɔ æ ʌ ɒ ɑ eɪ aʊ əʊ aɪ ɔɪ ʊə eə iə aɪə eɪə aʊə","# p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ l t͡ʃ d͡ʒ Cp Cb Ct Cd Ck Cɡ Cm Cn Cŋ Cf Cv Cθ Cð Cs Cz Cʃ Cʒ Cl Ct͡ʃ Cd͡ʒ [lmnŋ][pktdfθsm][tszθ] CCCs CCCt",
"enuu1235","enu","Enu",101.85,22.95,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Dai 戴, Qingxia 庆厦","2009","Ximoluoyu yanjiu 西摩洛语研究 [A study of Ximoluo]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʲ t k kʲ pʰ pʰʲ tʰ kʰ kʰʲ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ m mʲ n ŋ ŋʲ l f s ʃ x xʲ v z ʒ ɣ j v̰ z̰ i e ɛ a ʌ ɔ o ɤ ɯ ĩ ɛ̃ ã õ","55 33 31","p pʲ t k kʲ pʰ pʰʲ tʰ kʰ kʰʲ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ m mʲ n ŋ ŋʲ l f s ʃ x xʲ v z ʒ ɣ j v̰ z̰","m n ŋ i e ɛ a ʌ ɔ o ɤ ɯ z v z̰ v̰ ĩ ɛ̃ ã õ ui uɛ ua ai ia iɔ io uã uɛ̃ iɛ̃ iã iõ","#",
"ersu1241","ers","Ersu",102.213,29.2867,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Zhang, Sihong","2013","A reference grammar of Ersu: a Tibeto-Burman language of China",,"James Cook University",,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡z d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ f s ɕ ʂ x v z ʒ ʑ ʐ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l w j i u o o˞ ə ə˞ ɛ ɑ ɑ˞","H M","# p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡z d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ f s ɕ ʂ x v ʒ ʑ ʐ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l w j npʰ nb ntʰ nd nt͡sʰ nd͡z ps pʰs npʰs bz nbz nt͡ɕʰ nd͡ʑ nʈ͡ʂʰ nɖ͡ʐ pʂ pʰʂ npʰʂ bʐ nbʐ nkʰ nɡ","N z i u o o˞ ə ə˞ ɛ ɑ ɑ˞ iɛ iɑ uɑ ui ɛi ɑi uɑo","#",
"esto1258","ekk","Estonian",25.82,58.55,"Uralic","BOOK","Erelt, Mati","2003","Estonian language","Estonian Academy Publishers",,,,,,,,,"i y u e ø ɤ o a ɑ iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː aː ɑː p t tʲ k ʃ pː tː tːʲ kː ʃː m n nʲ ŋ l lʲ r s z sʲ zʲ f h ʋ j","-","# C CC CCC","i y u e ø ɤ o a ɑ iː yː uː eː øː ɤː oː aː ɑː ei ai øi yi ɤi ɑi oi ui ie ae øe ye ɤe ɑe oe ue iɑ eɑ øɑ yɑ ɤɑ oɑ uɑ io eo ao yo ɑo uo iu eu au ɤu ɑu ou","# C CC CCC CCCC",
"esto1259",,"Estonian Swedish",23.45,59.05472,"Indo-European","BOOK","Lagman, Herbert","1971","Svensk-Estnisk Språkkontakt: Studier över estniskans inflytande på de estlandssvenska dialekterna [Swedish-Estonian Language Contact: Studies on the Estonian influence on the Estonian Swedish dialects]","Almqvist \& Wiksell",,,,,,,,,"iː eː ɛː aː oː uː ʉː i ɛ a o u ʉ p t k b d ɡ m n l ɭ ʎ r f s x j ʋ","-","# p t k b d ɡ m n l ɭ ʎ r f s x j ʋ br bɭ dr ɡɭ ɡr kɭ kn kr kʋ pl pɭ pr sk sm sn sp st tr ʋr skr spr str tl","iː eː ɛː aː oː uː ʉː i ɛ a o u ʉ iaː ioː iuː iʉː ɛi ai au oi ui ia io iu iʉ","# p t k b d ɡ m n l ɭ ʎ r f s x j ʋ rd ɭɡ rɡ ɭk rk lp ɭp ks ms ns ps ts rt rʋ ft hk ht tk rks rps rts lks lts ɭft ɭmt rft rmt ɭfst rfst","Long consonants were not transcribed as independent phonemes as they seemed to be either allophonic variations or geminates from what I have seen in the source. The consonant clusters are not totally comprehensive, as the rare ones were excluded in the source."
"even1259","evn","Evenki",94.689,61.972,"Tungusic","BOOK","Chaoke 朝克, D. O.","2009","Ewenkeyu cankao yufa 鄂温克语参考语法 [Evenki reference grammar]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"a ə i e o u ɵ ʉ aː əː iː eː oː uː ɵː ʉː b p m w d t n l r s d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʃ j ɡ k ŋ h","-","# b p m w d t n l r s d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʃ j ɡ k ŋ h","a ə i e o u ɵ ʉ aː əː iː eː oː uː ɵː ʉː","# b p m w d t n l r s d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʃ j ɡ k ŋ h nt nd rt rd lt ld ŋd͡ʒ ŋt͡ʃ ŋk ŋɡ jk jɡ",
"faif1234","fif","Faifi",43.148,17.292,"Afro-Asiatic","MASTERSTHESIS","Alfaifi, Ali Hassan Jobran","2016","Aspects of the morphosyntax of the Faifa dialect of Saudi Arabic : a descriptive study",,"Ulster University",,,,,,,,"b t d ɟ k ɡ ʔ m n f θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ç ʝ x ɣ ħ ʕ h tθ r j w lˤ l sˤ tˤ ðˤ a i u aː iː uː eː","-","?","?","?",
"faro1244","fao","Faroese",-6.88497,62.0732,"Indo-European","BOOK","Árnason, Kristján","2011","The phonology of Icelandic and Faroese","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ h͡p h͡t h͡k h͡t͡ʃ p t ʈ k t͡ʃʰ tʃ v j h s ʂ ʃ m n ɳ ŋ ɲ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ ɲ̥ l ɭ ʎ l̥ ʎ̥ ɹ ɻ ɹ̥ ɻ̥ i e y ø u o a ʊ ɛ ɔ ʉ","-","# C pʰj pj pʰl pl pɹ pr tʰr tr tʰv tv kʰl kl kʰr kr kʰf kv kʰf kʰn kn fj fl fr sp spj spr st stj stɾ sk skr sv sl sm sn mj nj ɹj lj","i e y ø u o a ʊi ɛi ai ɔi ɛa ɔa ʉu ɔu","# l ʎ m n ɲ ŋ r p t k h͡p h͡t h͡k f s l̥ ʎ̥ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ ɹ̥ ɻ̥ CC CCC",
"sout2645","fay","Fars Dialects",52.267,29.746,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Angali, Koorosh","2004","The Angali Dialect",,"University of California at Berkeley",,,,,,,,"a e o ɑ u i p b t d k ɡ q f v s z ɕ ʑ χ ʁ h t͡ɕ d͡ʑ r l m n j ʔ","-","# C","a e o ɑ u i ej ei oi ou ow uɑ ua ue","# C CC","It was not clear what the diphthong transcribed as <oi> refers to, hence it was omitted."
"finn1318","fin","Finnish",25.5577,64.7628,"Uralic","BOOK","Hakulinen, Auli and Vilkuna, Maria and Korhonen, Riitta and Koivisto, Vesa and Heinonen, Tarja Riitta and Alho, Irja","2004","Iso suomen kielioppi [Big Finnish grammar]","Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura",,,,,,,,,"i y u e ø o æ ɑ iː yː uː eː øː oː æː ɑː p t d k m n ŋ s h l r ʋ j","-","# p t d k m n ŋ s h l r ʋ j ps pl pr ts tr ks kl kr kn fl fr sp st sk sf sl sm sn sʋ sCC","i y u e ø o æ ɑ iː yː uː eː øː oː æː ɑː ei øi æi oi ɑi ey øy æy eu ou ɑu yi ui iy iu ie yø uo","# p t d k m n ŋ s h l r ʋ j ps ts ks lp lt lk lf ls rp rt rk rf rs mp ms nt ns ŋk ŋs sCC",
"fore1265","enf","Forest Enets",88.2121,69.9829,"Uralic","BOOK","Siegl, Florian","2013","Materials on Forest Enets, an indigenous language of Northern Siberia","Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡ʃ k ʔ b d dʲ ɡ m n nʲ ŋ r ð s ʃ x j l lʲ i u e o ɛ ɑ iː uː oː ɛː ɑː","-","# p t t͡ʃ k b d dʲ ɡ m n nʲ ŋ r s ʃ x j l lʲ","i u e o ɛ ɑ iː uː oː ɛː ɑː VV","# p t t͡ʃ k ʔ b d dʲ ɡ m n nʲ ŋ r ð s ʃ j l lʲ Cʔ",
"stan1290","fra","French",2,48,"Indo-European","BOOK","Walker, Douglas C.","2001","French Sound Structure","University of Calgary Press",,,,,,,,,"p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ v z ʒ m n ɲ ŋ l ʁ j ɥ w i y u e ø ə o ɛ œ ɔ a ɑ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ɑ̃","-","# p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ v z ʒ m n ɲ l ʁ pl pʁ tʁ kl kʁ bl bʁ dʁ ɡl ɡʁ fl fʁ vʁ sp st sk sm sn spl spʁ stʁ skl skʁ vl zb ɡz ks ps pn pt j ɥ w pj tj kj bj dj ɡj fj sj ʃj vj zj ʒj mj nj lj ʁj pɥ tɥ kɥ bɥ dɥ ɡɥ fɥ sɥ ʃɥ vɥ zɥ ʒɥ mɥ nɥ lɥ ʁɥ pw tw kw bw dw ɡw fw sw ʃw vw zw ʒw mw nw lw ʁw","i y u e ø ə o ɛ œ ɔ a ɑ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ɑ̃ jV ɥV wV","# p t k b d ɡ f s ʃ v z ʒ m n ɲ ŋ l ʁ j pl pʁ bl bʁ tʁ dʁ kl kʁ ɡl ɡʁ fl fʁ vʁ lp lb lt ld lk lɡ lf lv ls lm ln ʁp ʁb ʁt ʁd ʁk ʁɡ ʁf ʁv ʁs ʁz ʁʃ ʁʒ ʁm ʁn ʁɲ ʁl sp st sk sm ft mn ŋɡ ps pt ts tm tl tʃ dn dʒ kt ks km ɡm ʁpʁ ʁbʁ ʁtʁ ʁdʁ ʁkl ʁsk ʁst spʁ stʁ spl skl ʃtʁ lsk lkʁ ltʁ ptʁ ktʁ kst kstʁ",
"friu1240","fur","Friulian",13.0493,46.1473,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Byron W. Bender and Giuseppe Francescato and Zdeněk Salzmann","1952","Friulian Phonology",,,,,"Word","216----223","8",3,,"p b f v t d s z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ k ɡ m n ɲ r l i iː e eː a aː o oː u uː","-","# p b f v t d s z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ k ɡ m n ɲ r l pr pl br bl fr fl vr tr dr kr kl ɡr ɡl sp sf st sk st͡ɕ zb zv zd zɡ zm zn zɲ zl spl sfl stl skl zbl zɡl spr sfr str skr zbr zdr zɡr","i iː e eː a aː o oː u uː","# p f t d s t͡ɕ k m n ɲ r l ts sp st sk mp mb nf nt nd ns nz nt͡ɕ nd͡ʑ nk rp rb rt rd rs rk rɡ lp lb lf lt ld ls lt͡ɕ lk lm rts lts","The source reports that the ``final [voiced] consonants are extremely rare'' (p. 219). As the source only gives four words with final /d/ as examples of singleton final voiced consonants, I assume that /d/ is the only voiced consonant appearing as a singleton coda. It is unclear whether the vowel clusters are diphthongs. But given that the stress falls on each vowel and not on each vowel cluster, I assume that the vowel clusters are not heterosyllabic."
"gaga1249","gag","Gagauz",28.0277,44.5988,"Turkic","BOOK","Özkan, Nevsat","1996","Gagavuz Türkçesi Grameri [Gagavuz Turkish grammar]","Akçağ Yayınları",,,,,,,,,"ɑ æ ɑː æː ɤ e ɤː eː ɯ i ɯː iː o ø oː øː u y uː yː b p d t ɡ k d͡ʑ t͡s t͡ɕ v z ʑ f s ɕ ç h j m n l r","-","?","ɑ æ ɑː æː ɤ eː ɤː eː ɯ i ɯː iː o ø oː øː u y uː yː VV","?",
"gali1258","glg","Galician",-7.5343,42.2446,"Indo-European","BOOK","Regueira, Xosé L.","1996","Galician",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","119--112","26",2,,"p b t d ɟ k ɡ t͡ʃ m n ɲ ŋ r ɾ f θ s ʃ j w l i u e o ɛ ɔ a","-","?","?","?",
"galo1242","adl","Galo",94.6884956,27.9805586,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Post, Mark","2007","A Grammar of Galo",,"LaTrobe University",,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ l j r s i ɨ u e ə o a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː","44 21","# p t t͡ɕ k ʔ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ l j w ɰ r s","i ɨ u e ə o a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː","# p k m n r","The status of diphthongs is uncertain. The coda <K> is realized as /k/ word-finally, realized as /ɡ/ intervocalically, and fully assimilated to the following consonant preconsonantally. Here it is treated as /k/."
"ganc1239","gan","Gan Chinese",115.166,27.9896,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Li, Xuping","2018","A Grammar of Gan Chinese: The Yichun Language","DeGruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ f s x ɕ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ m n ŋ ɲ̟ l i y u e ə o ɛ œ æ a","34 44 42 213 5","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ f s x ɕ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ m n ŋ ɲ̟ l","z i u y a ia ua o io uo ə œ yœ ɛ iɛ uɛ æ iu ui ai uai ie ue ɛu iɛu ao iə uə uœ uæ m ŋ","# n ŋ ʔ",
"gata1239","gaq","Gata'",82.984,18.6076,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Ashirvadam, K.","1992","The Structure of Didayi, an Austro-Asiatic language",,"Osmania University",,,,,,,,"i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ə ɔ æ a ã ĩ ũ õ p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ ŋ s h l r ɽ ʋ j","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ ŋ s h l r ɽ ʋ pr pl tr tl kr br bl ɖr ɖʋ ɡr ɡʋ dr dʋ nl nɡ nk nc͡ç nɟ͡ʝ nt ns nɖ mr mb mp nr nʋ rʋ nh sr sl sk st sʈ ŋʋ ŋr ŋh lʋ ncʋ nsʋ nkʋ nɡʋ nɖr","i u ɪ ʊ e o ɛ ə ɔ æ a ã ĩ ũ õ ie io oi ua ui ai au eu ei","# p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ŋ s l r j mb nʈ nɖ nt nd nk nɡ nc͡ç rk rɡ rɟ͡ʝ",
"nucl1302","kat","Georgian",43.78613,41.850397,"Kartvelian","PHDTHESIS","Butskhrikidze, Marika","2002","The consonant phonotactics of Georgian",,"Leiden University",,,,,,,,"ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ a b d d͡z d͡ʑ ɡ p t t͡s t͡ɕ k pʼ tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ɕʼ kʼ z ʑ ɣ s ɕ x r l n m v","-","# b d d͡z d͡ʑ ɡ p t t͡s t͡ɕ k pʼ tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ɕʼ kʼ z ʑ ɣ s ɕ x χʼ r l n m v bɡ bd͡ʑ bt͡ɕʼ bz bʑ bɣ bl br bn pt pk pt͡ɕ ps pɕ px pl pr pn pʼk pʼχʼ pʼl pʼr pʼn dɡ dɣ dv dl dr dm dn tb tk tx tv tl tr tm tʼb tʼkʼ tʼχʼ tʼv tʼl tʼr ɡd ɡz ɡv ɡl ɡr ɡm ɡn kt͡s ks kɕ kv kl kr km kn kʼb kʼv kʼl kʼr kʼm kʼn d͡zɡ d͡zɣ d͡zv d͡zl d͡zr d͡zm d͡zn t͡sb t͡sd t͡st t͡sk t͡sx t͡sv t͡sr t͡sm t͡sn t͡sʼb t͡sʼt t͡sʼt t͡sʼkʼ t͡sʼχʼ t͡sʼv t͡sʼl t͡sʼr t͡sʼm t͡sʼn d͡ʑd d͡ʑɡ d͡ʑɣ d͡ʑv d͡ʑl d͡ʑm t͡ɕk t͡ɕx t͡ɕv t͡ɕl t͡ɕr t͡ɕm t͡ɕʼd t͡ɕʼkʼ t͡ɕʼχʼ t͡ɕʼv t͡ɕʼl t͡ɕʼr t͡ɕʼm t͡ɕʼn zɣ zv zr zm zn sp spʼ stʼ sk skʼ st͡sʼ sx sv sl sr sm ʑɣ ʑv ʑl ʑr ɕp ɕpʼ ɕt ɕtʼ ɕx ɕv ɕl ɕr ɕm ɕn ɣd ɣd͡z ɣd͡ʑ ɣz ɣl ɣr ɣm ɣn xd xs xɕ xv xl xr xm xn χʼb χʼd χʼv χʼl χʼr χʼm χʼn PPP PPR PČP PFP PFR ČPR ČFR FPR FČR PFFR","ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ a r l n m","# C","The ``glottalized'' consonants are transcribed here as ejectives. /h/ not included. Based on the source's analysis, sonorants that are not adjacent to the vowel are considered as syllabic. The disyllabic sequences arising from the syllabification of sonorants in triconsonantal or longer sequences, e.g. the stop + sonorant sequences arising from sonorant + stop + sonorant sequences, where the first sonorant is syllabified, are assumed to be a subset of the disyllabic sequences listed in p. 110. It is unclear what the coda restrictions are, but given that only singleton consonants appear word-finally (p. 79, p. 85), I assume that codas can only be monosyllabic. Although the source analyzes certain clusters, such as /s/ + obstruent, not ``genuine'' clusters but rather ``complex segments'' (p. 112), here they are all treated as clusters."
"stan1295","deu","German",12.4676,48.649,"Indo-European","BOOK","Hall, Tracy Alan","2011","Syllable Structure and Syllable-Related Processes in German","Max Niemeyer Verlag",,,,,,,,,"p t k b d ɡ p͡f t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ ç h v z ʒ m n l ʀ iː ɪ yː ʏ uː eː ɛː ɛ ə ʊ øː œ oː ɔ aː a","-","# p t k b d ɡ p͡f t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ ç h v z ʒ m n l ʀ ʔ pʀ pl bʀ bl tʀ dʀ kʀ kl kn kv ɡʀ ɡl ɡn p͡fʀ p͡fl t͡sv fʀ fl sk ʃʀ ʃl ʃm ʃn ʃv ʃp ʃt ɡm skʀ skl ʃpʀ spl stʀ TNɪ","n m l ʀ iː ɪ yː ʏ uː eː ɛː ɛ ə ʊ øː œ oː ɔ aː a aʊ aɪ aʏ","# p t k p͡f ts tʃ f s ʃ ç x n m l ʀ nɡ ʀl ʀn ʀm ʀç ʀʃ ʀs ʀf ʀk ʀt ʀp ln lm lç lʃ ls lf lk lt lp nç nʃ ns nf nk nt np mʃ ms mf mt çs çt ʃs ʃt st fs ft fs ft pʃ ps pt ts p͡fs p͡ft t͡st t͡ʃt ʀlt ʀls ʀnt ʀns ʀmt ʀms lnt lns lmt lms ʀpt ʀkt ʀst ʀʃt ʀft ʀçt ʀps ʀts ʀks ʀʃs ʀfs ʀçs lpt lkt lst lʃt lft lçt lps lts lks lʃs lfs lçs nst nʃt nft nçt nts nʃs nfs nçs mpt mst mʃt mft mps mts mʃs mfs nɡkt nɡst nɡks pst pts tst kst kts fst fts sts ʃst çst çts p͡fst t͡ʃst ʀnst ʀlst ʀmst lmst ʀpst ʀpts ʀkst ʀkts ʀtst ʀfst ʀçst ʀʃst lpst ltst lkst lfst lçst lʃst mpst nɡkst nçst nʃst mʃst mfst",
"gheg1238","aln","Gheg Albanian",21.3837,42.317,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Halimi, Halit","1990","Phonetique et phonologie de l'albanais-dialecte guegue-en vue d'une etude contrastive avec le francais standard [Phonetics and phonology of Albanian - Gheg dialect - from the view of a contrastive study with standard French]",,"Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3",,,,,,,,"iː yː uː eː oː aː ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ ə ɔ ɐ ĩː ỹː ẽː ãː ũː ɪ̃ ʏ̃ ʊ̃ ɐ̃ p t k b d ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ c d͡z d͡ʒ ɟ f θ s ʃ x v ð z ʒ j m n ŋ l ʟ r ʀ","-","p t k b d ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ c d͡z d͡ʒ ɟ f θ s ʃ x v ð z ʒ j m n ŋ l ʟ r ʀ pv pc pj ps pʃ pl pʟ pr pʀ tp tk tf tx tm tj tʟ tl tr tʀ kt kc kp ks kʃ kθ kj kn km kl kʟ kr kʀ bj bz bl bʟ br bʀ db dj dn dl dr dʀ ɡθ ɡv ɡz ɡð ɡʒ ɡl ɡʟ ɡr ɡʀ ɡm ɡn t͡sp t͡sf t͡sv t͡sm t͡sn t͡sj t͡sʀ t͡ʃp t͡ʃk t͡ʃc t͡ʃf t͡ʃv t͡ʃd t͡ʃθ t͡ʃj t͡ʃm t͡ʃl t͡ʃʀ d͡zv d͡zj d͡ʒv d͡ʒʟ ft fc fʃ fj fm fl fʟ fr fʀ θj θn θʀ sp st sk sf sc sj sm sʟ ʃp ʃt ʃk ʃc ʃθ ʃm ʃl xj vd vð vn vj vl vʟ vr vʀ ðj ðr zb zd zɡ zv zɟ zj zm ʒb ʒd ʒɡ ʒɟ ʒv mp mb mt mk mv mð mj ms mz mʃ ml mʟ mr mʀ mn mɡ nd nɡ nɟ nd͡z rj ʀp ʀk ʀt͡s ʀc ʀd͡z ʀɟ ʀf ʀz ʀj ʀm ʀn ʀʃ ʀɡ kθj vdj t͡sfr t͡ʃfr t͡ʃdr t͡ʃkr t͡ʃmb t͡ʃms str spl skj skl skʟ stj zɡʀ zɡr zɡl zbj zbl zbr zvj ʃtr ʃtʀ ʃtj ʃkr ʃkm ʃkl ʃkʟ ʃpʟ ʃpn ʃpr ʃpl ʒbr ʒdr ʒɡʀ mpr mbj mvr mbl mbr mbʀ mnd mdj ndr ndʀ nd͡zj nɡr zmbr ʃndr zl ʃmj t͡sr cl cr ɟl ɟr θl θr sr ʃr xl xr zr ʒl jl jr kt͡s ɡŋ t͡ʃn t͡ʃŋ ʃf ʃɟ ʃv ʃʀ vɟ mŋ lm spr ʃpʀ ʃfr ʃfl zdr ʒbl mps mbʟ","iː yː uː eː oː aː ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ ə ɔ ɐ ĩː ỹː ẽː ãː ũː ɪ̃ ʏ̃ ʊ̃ ɐ̃","# p t k b d ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ c d͡z d͡ʒ ɟ f θ s ʃ x v ð z ʒ j m n ŋ l ʟ r ʀ pt pt͡s pt͡ʃ pθ ps pʃ tk tm tz kt kt͡s kθ kʃ kz kn ks kʟ bs dʃ ɡt͡s ɡt ɡʃ ɡs ɡm t͡sk t͡st t͡ʃk ct ck cθ cm cʃ d͡ʒk ft fk ft͡ʃ fʃ fm θt θm st sk sp sɡ sc sm ʃp ʃt ʃk ʃc ʃm xt xt͡s xt͡ʃ xm vd vʟ ðt ðt͡s ðm zt zd zɡ zt͡ʃ zm ʒt ʒd ʒɡ ʒn jt jk jt͡s jt͡ʃ jb jd jɡ jθ jf jc jr jn jm js z mp mt mk mb mt͡s mt͡ʃ mf mθ ms nt nk nd nɡ nt͡s nt͡ʃ nd͡z nd͡ʒ nɟ ns nz lp lt lk lb lɡ lt͡s lt͡ʃ lc lf lθ ls lm lz ʟp ʟt ʟk ʟɡ ʟt͡s ʟf ʟθ ʟv ʟz ʟm rp rt rk rb rd rɡ rt͡s rt͡ʃ rc rf rθ rs rʃ rv rð rz rd͡ʒ rm rn ʀt ʀt͡s ʀt͡ʃ ʀm ʀl kʃt pʃt ɡʃt fʃt ʃtθ ʃkθ mbt͡s mbθ mʃt ndt͡s ndθ nkθ nks nt͡sk lmt lmz lbt͡ʃ lbt rkθ rɡʃ rpθ rmt͡s rmt","The ``dorso-interdental'' <L> is transcribed as /ʟ/. The ``voiced postdental vibrant'' <R> is transcribed as /ʀ/. The ``dorso-pharyngeal'' <x> is transcribed as /x/. <j> is described both as a fricative and a semivowel, here it is interpreted as a semivowel."
"gila1241","glk","Gilaki",49.8359,37.1344,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Rahmani, Monireh","1985","Ethnography of Language Change: An Ethnolinguistic Survey of the Gilaki Language",,"University of Oklahoma",,,,,,,,"a aː e ɛ ə iː i ɪ uː u oː o p t k b d ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ f s ɕ x h v z ʑ ɣ ʁ m n ŋ l ɾ w j","-","# p t k b d ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ f s ɕ x h v z ʑ ɣ ʁ m n l ɾ w j sb t͡ɕm kɾ bɾ t͡ɕt fɾ bz bɡ bb gɾ t͡ɕɾ bl dɾ tm","a aː e ɛ ə iː i ɪ uː u oː o","# p t k b d ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ f s ɕ x h v z ʑ ɣ ʁ m n ŋ l ɾ w j d͡ʑɡ bd bɾ bz pt͡ɕ ft fɣ fɕ lɡ lɣ hz nd nn ns ɣd ɣz ɾb ɾt ɾd ɾf ɾɡ ɾm ɾɣ ɾs ɾɕ ɾt͡ɕ ɾx sb sp st sf sk sl sm sɾ ɕt ɕx ɕm zɾ jɕ ŋɡ ŋɣ ŋɣ ŋz xt","The onset cluster /bɾ/ and the syllabic structure CrC are mentioned once in p. 62 but not listed as part of the possible clusters or syllabic structures."
"meso1252","acm","Gilit Mesopotamian Arabic",43.1095,33.8178,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Erwin, Wallace M.","1963","A short reference grammar of Iraqi Arabic","Georgetown University Press",,,,,,,,,"p t k q ʔ b d ɡ f θ s ç x ħ h ð z ɣ ʕ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n w j l r pˤ tˤ bˤ sˤ fˤ ðˤ zˤ mˤ lˤ i u o a iː uː eː oː aː","-","?","?","?",
"goan1235","gom","Goan Konkani",74.2098,15.2732,"Indo-European","BOOK","Dhongde, Ramesh Vaman","2022","Konkani","John Benjamins Publishing Company",,,,,,,,,"i u e o ə a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ã p t ʈ k tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɳ̥ ɾ ɾ̥ l ɭ l̥ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡z d͡ʒ d͡z̤ d͡ʒ̤ f s ʃ h w j w̥","-","# p t ʈ k tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ m̥ n̥ ɳ̥ ɾ ɾ̥ l l̥ ɭ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡z d͡ʒ d͡z̤ d͡ʒ̤ f s ʃ h w j w̥","i u e o ə a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ã VV","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ m n ɳ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɳ̥ ɾ ɾ̥ l ɭ l̥ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡z d͡ʒ f s ʃ h w j w̥ CC CCC","It is unclear how many consonants are allowed in coda clusters. Based on the examples given in p. 26, I assume that it is maximally three. The nature of the diphthong phonemes <əy> and <əw> are also not clear. Here they are assumed to be biphonemic sequences, like other diphthongs presented in the source."
"ghod1238","gdo","Godoberi",46.2252,42.7428,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Kibrik, Aleksandr E.","1996","Godoberi","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"b d ɡ p t tʰ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ k kʰ t͡ɬ q tʼ t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ kʼ t͡ɬʼ qʼ z ʒ ʁ sʰ s ʃʰ ʃ x xʰ ɬʰ ɬ χʰ χ ʔ h ʕ ħ m n l r w j i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː ĩ ã ũ","HH LL HL","# C FP","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː ĩ ã ũ VV","# C",
"godw1241","gdx","Godwari",72.846,24.885,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Baldota, A.N.","1982","Descriptive analysis of Sirohi",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u e ʌ o a ɒ p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ ŋ s ɦ l ɭ r ʋ j pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ s ɦ l r ʋ j pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ pj bj dj tj ʈj kj ɖj ɡj ɟ͡ʝj mj nj ɳj sj lj rj ʋj jj","i u e ʌ o a ɒ iʋ eʋ ʌʋ aʋ oʋ uʋ ij oj ʌj aj uj oj ɒj","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ ŋ s l ɭ r ʋ j pʰ tʰ jʈ nt nd","Nasalization contrast is marginal and was not fully described (p. 18)."
"guiq1238","gqi","Guiqiong",102.128,30.4803,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Lì, Jiāng","2014","A Grammar of Guìqióng: A language of Sichuan","Brill",,,,,,,,,"i y u o ə ɛ ɔ ɐ ĩ ũ ə̃ ɐ̃ p pʰ b m ɸ β t tʰ d n s z ɬ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z l̥ l w ʈ ʈʰ ɳ ʂ ʐ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ j k kʰ ŋ χ ʁ h","55 33 21","# p pʰ b m ɸ β t tʰ d n s z ɬ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z l̥ l w ʈ ʈʰ ɳ ʂ ʐ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ j k kʰ ŋ χ ʁ h Ci Cu Cy CC CCi CCi CCu CCy","i y u o ə ɛ ɔ ɐ ĩ ũ ə̃ ɐ̃ iu iɛ iə iɔ iɐ yo ui uɛ uɐ ɛi ɐi","# n ŋ","It was not clear whether the list of diphthongs (p. 24) is comprehensive."
"guja1252","guj","Gujarati",71.0962,22.687,"Indo-European","BOOK","Cardona, George","1965","A Gujarati reference grammar","The University of Pennsylvania Press",,,,,,,,,"i u e ə o ɛ a ɔ ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃ k ɡ ʈ ɖ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t d p b ħ ɳ n m ɭ l ɾ j w h ŋ ɲ","-","# k ɡ ʈ ɖ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t d p b ħ ɳ n m ɭ l ɾ j w h kj kw kh khw kr khr kl kħ ɡh ɡj ɡw ɡɾ ɡhɾ ɡl ɡn ʈj ʈɾ ɖh t͡ɕj t͡ɕh d͡ʑj d͡ʑw d͡ʑh th tj tw tr dj dh dhj dhw dhɾ dɾ ph pj pɾ pl phl bh bj bɾ bl bhɾ ħm ħj ħw ħɾ ħl ħk ħkh ħʈ ħt ħth ħtɾ ħp ħph ħpɾ ħn ħmɾ mj mɾ ml nj wj wɾ ɖj ɭj ɾj khj","i u e ə o ɛ a ɔ ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃","# k ɡ ʈ ɖ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t d p b ħ ɳ n m ɭ l ɾ j w h Ph ħP ħPh rħ kħ jC wC","Vocalic nasality is analyzed in the source as <N>, a suprasegmental phoneme <N>, which can surface as [ŋ] in the environment of /ə...k/ or /ə...ɡ/ and as [ɲ] in the environment of /ə...t͡ɕ/ and /ə...d͡ʑ/. In this database, I have not analyzed <N> as a phoneme but instead included the nasal counterparts of all oral vowels as separate phonemes, as I have done for all other lects that have distinctive vocalic nasality. I am not sure how to reflect its allophonic variation as [ŋ] or [ɲ] in the context of the database, so I regret to leave it omitted. It is uncertain whether the following onset clusters are possible: /ʈh ħh ɳj ɳh nh mh ɭh lh ɾh ɡhj ʈhj ɖhj t͡ɕhj d͡ʑhj thj phj bhj ħhj ɲhj nhj mhj ɭhj lhj ɾhj/. It is also uncertain whether /Ch/ codas other than /Ph/ codas are possible."
"gulf1241","afb","Gulf Arabic",47.5,30.17,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Leung, Tommi Tsz-Cheung and Ntelitheos, Dimitrios and Al Kaabi, Meera","2020","Emirati Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"b t d k ɡ q ʔ tˤ f θ ð s z ʃ x ɣ ħ ʕ h ðˤ sˤ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n l lˤ r w j i iː u uː e eː oː ə a aː","-","C CC","i iː u uː e eː oː ə a aː","# C CC",
"gura1251","hac","Gurani",44.4956,36.8377,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Bailey, Denise","2018","A grammar of Gawraĵū Gūrānī",,"Universität Göttingen",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ q t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s z ʃ ʒ x xʷ ħ h m n r ɾ l lˠ w j i y ɪ e ø ɛ a æ u ʊ o","-","# C [pdɡkqfxsʃzʒd͡ʒt͡ʃmnr][wrj]","i y ɪ e ø ɛ a æ u ʊ o","# C PC FC NC lC lˠC ɾC jC wC",
"hadr1236","ayh","Hadrami Arabic",48.6524,15.4468,"Afro-Asiatic","PHDTHESIS","Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah Hassan Shaikh","2000","A descriptive linguistic study of the spoken Arabic of Wadi Hadramawt, Yemen",,"University of Exeter",,,,,,,,"b t tˤ d ɟ k ɡ q ʔ f θ ð ðˤ s sˤ z ʃ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h m n r l lˤ j w ɪ æ ə iː eː æː oː uː","-","b t tˤ d ɟ k ɡ q ʔ f θ ð ðˤ s sˤ z ʃ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h m n r l lˤ j w CC CCC","ɪ æ ə iː eː æː oː uː C","# b t tˤ d ɟ k ɡ q ʔ f θ ð ðˤ s sˤ z ʃ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h m n r l lˤ j w CC",
"hakk1236","hak","Hakka Chinese",116,25,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Hashimoto, Mantaro J.","1973","The Hakka Dialect: A Linguistic Study of Its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon","Cambridge University Press",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ f m t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ɡ k ŋ h a i u e o","M L F H MC HC","# p pʰ f m t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ɡ k ŋ h","a au ai ua uai ua ia iau iai e eu ue ie ieu o oi uo uoi io ioi u i z m n ui iu","# p t k m n ŋ",
"halb1244","hlb","Halbi",81.3742,20.3081,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Kaushikkar, Chitra Vijay","1972","A descriptive analysis of Halbi: An Indo-Aryan language",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ s m n ŋ m̥ n̥ l l̥ r r̥ w j h i u e o ə a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ã","-","# p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ s m n l r h j w","i u e o ə a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ã","# p t ʈ c͡ç k tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ s m n ŋ n̥ l l̥ r w j h NP lŋ hŋ","Vowel nasality is introduced as a suprasegmental phoneme and it is unclear whether all vowels have nasalized counterparts. Here it is assumed that they do. The source states that only homoorganic sequences of nasal-plosive are possible in the word-final position, apparently including sequences like alveolar-retroflex and alveolar-palatal."
"halh1238","khk","Halh Mongolian",106.289,48.324,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Jan-Olof Svantesson and Anna Tsendina and Anastasia Karlsson and Vivan Franzen","2005","The Phonology of Mongolian","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"i u ʊ e o a ɔ iː uː ʊː eː oː aː ɔː pʰ pʰʲ tʰ tʰʲ p pʲ t tʲ ɡʲ ɡ ɢ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s t͡ɕ s ɕ xʲ x m mʲ n nʲ ŋ ɮ ɮʲ ɬ r rʲ w wʲ j","-","# pʰ pʰʲ tʰ tʰʲ p pʲ t tʲ ɡʲ ɡ ɢ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s t͡ɕ s ɕ xʲ x m mʲ n nʲ ɮ ɮʲ ɬ r rʲ w j","i u ʊ e o a ɔ iː uː ʊː eː oː aː ɔː ui ʊi ai ɔi","# tʰ tʰʲ t tʲ ɡʲ ɡ ɢ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s t͡ɕ s ɕ xʲ x m mʲ n nʲ ŋ ɮ ɮʲ r rʲ w wʲ j ɕtʰ stʰ st͡ɕʰ xtʰ xt͡ɕʰ xʲtʰ ɢtʰ ɡtʰ ɡt͡ɕʰ ɡt͡sʰ ɡt ɡt͡ɕ gt͡s ɡʲt ɡʲt͡ɕ ɡɕ ɡs ɡʲs mtʰ mt͡ɕʰ mt͡sʰ mp mt mt͡ɕ ms mx mʲtʰ mt͡ɕʰ mt mt͡ɕ ms mx mʲtʰ mʲt͡ɕʰ mʲt mʲt͡ɕ mʲs mʲxʲ ntʰ nt͡ɕʰ nt͡sʰ nt nt͡ɕ nt͡s ns nʲtʰ nʲt͡ɕʰ nʲt͡sʰ nʲt nʲtʲ nʲt͡ɕ ns nxʲ ŋɕ ŋx ŋɢ ŋɡ ŋɡʲ ɮtʰ ɮt͡ɕʰ ɮt͡sʰ ɮp ɮt ɮt͡ɕ ɮt͡s ɮɕ ɮs ɮx ɮʲtʰ ɮʲt ɮʲt͡ɕʰ ɮʲt͡sʰ ɮʲpᶨ ɮʲt ɮʲt͡ɕ ɮʲs ɮʲxʲ rtʰ rt͡ɕʰ rt͡sʰ rt rt͡ɕ rt͡s rɕ rs rx rʲtʰ rʲt͡ɕʰ rʲt͡sʰ rʲt rʲt͡ɕ rʲt͡s rʲɕ rʲs rʲxʲ wtʰ wt͡ɕʰ wt͡sʰ wt wt͡ɕ wɕ ws wx wʲtʰ wʲt͡ɕʰ wʲt͡sʰ wʲt wʲt͡ɕ wʲs wʲxʲ jtʰ jt͡ɕʰ jt jt͡ɕ jt͡s js jx WFP",
"hija1235","acw","Hijazi Arabic",38.9237,22.8346,"Afro-Asiatic","PHDTHESIS","Nakshabandi, Answer M.","1988","A descriptive study of the phonology and morphology of the Abha dialect",,"Georgetown University",,,,,,,,"t tˠ k ʔ b d dˠ ɡ f θ s sˠ ʃ x ħ h ð ðˠ z ɣ ʕ d͡ʒ m n l lˠ ɾ w j i a u iː eː aː oː uː","-","t tˠ k ʔ b d dˠ ɡ f θ s sˠ ʃ x ħ h ð ðˠ z ɣ ʕ d͡ʒ m n l lˠ ɾ w j CC","i a u iː eː aː oː uː","# t tˠ k ʔ b d dˠ ɡ f θ s sˠ ʃ x ħ h ð ðˠ z ɣ ʕ d͡ʒ m n l lˠ ɾ w j CC","Although /ʔ/ does not occur in word-final position, given the medial cluster /ʔð/ in /maʔðuːn/ `judge' (p. 20), it is assumed to appear in the coda position."
"karb1241","mjw","Hills Karbi",93.0462,25.7317,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Konnerth, Linda","2014","A grammar of Karbi",,"University of Oregon",,,,,,,,"b p pʰ d t tʰ ɟ c k kʰ β s h m n ŋ l r i e a o u","L M H","# b p pʰ d t tʰ ɟ c k kʰ β s h m n l r pl pr pʰl kl kr tʰr kʰr","i e a o u ai oi ui","# p t k m n ŋ r",
"hind1269","hin","Hindi",77,25,"Indo-European","BOOK","Kachru, Yamuna","2006","Hindi","Benjamins",,,,,,,,,"ə ɑ ɪ i ʊ u e ɛ o ɔ ə̃ ɑ̃ ɪ̃ ĩ ʊ̃ ũ ɛ̃ ẽ õ ɔ̃ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ŋ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ t tʰ d d̤ n p pʰ b b̤ m ɲ ɳ j r l ʋ s h","-","# k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ t tʰ d d̤ n p pʰ b b̤ m j r l ʋ s h kj kʋ ɡj ɡʋ c͡çj ɟ͡ʝj ɟ͡ʝʋ ɖj tj pj pl bj nj mj sj","ə ɑ ɪ i ʊ u e ɛ o ɔ ə̃ ɑ̃ ɪ̃ ĩ ʊ̃ ũ ɛ̃ ẽ õ ɔ̃","# k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ t tʰ d d̤ n p pʰ b b̤ m ɲ ɳ j r l ʋ s h ŋk ŋkʰ ŋɡ ŋɡ̤ nc͡ç nɟ͡ʝ nɟ͡ʝ̤ nʈ nʈʰ nɖ nt ntʰ nd nd̤ mp mb","Non-native clusters not included. Triconsonantal medial clusters occur both in loanwords and native words. I have only analyzed those given with native word examples. Among those, /nɟ͡jr/ and /nɟ͡jʰl/ are analyzed as /nɟ͡j.r/ and /nɟ͡jʰ.l/ instead of /n.ɟ͡jr/ and /n.ɟ͡jʰl/, given that plosive plus liquid clusters do not occur initially but nasal plus homoorganic plosive sequences occur word-finally."
"hinu1240","gin","Hinuq",45.8064,42.4502,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Forker, Diana","2013","A grammar of Hinuq","De Gruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ ɔ a ɪː ʏː ʊː ɛː ɔː aː p pʼ b t tʼ d k kʼ ɡ kʷ kʼʷ ɡʷ q qʼ qʷ qʼʷ ʡ ʔ f s z ɬ ʃ ʒ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ ħ h t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ m n r l w j","-","p pʼ b t tʼ d k kʼ ɡ kʷ kʼʷ ɡʷ q qʼ qʷ qʼʷ ʡ ʔ f s z ɬ ʃ ʒ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ ħ h t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ m n r l w j","ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ ɔ a ɪː ʏː ʊː ɛː ɔː aː ʊj aj ɔj ɛj","# p pʼ b t tʼ d k kʼ ɡ q qʼ ʡ ʔ f s z ɬ ʃ ʒ χ ʁ ħ h t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ m n r l w j","``Only loan words contain superheavy syllables with two consonants in the coda (e.g. the Avar loans baħs ‘discussion’ and naps ‘personality’)'' (p. 34)."
"hmon1264","hnj","Hmong Njua",101.95,22.5638,"Hmong-Mien","BOOK","Harriehausen, Bettina","1990","Hmong Njua: Syntaktische Analyse einer gesprochenen Sprache mithilfe Datenverarbeitungstechnischer Mittel und sprachvergleichende Beschreibung des Südostasiatischen Sprachraumes [Hmong Njua: Syntactic analysis of a spoken language using data processing technology and a comparative description of the Southeast Asian 蚊linguistic area]","Max Niemeyer",,,,,,,,,"m n ɲ ŋ p pʰ t tʰ ʈ ʈʰ c cʰ k kʰ q qʰ f v s ʂ ʐ ç ʝ l ɬ h t͡s t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ i u ɯ o e a ẽ ã õ","H HF MR M ML MLʰ Lˀ","# m n ɲ ŋ p pʰ t tʰ ʈ ʈʰ c cʰ k kʰ q qʰ f v s ʂ ʐ ç ʝ l ɬ h t͡s t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ mp nt ɳʈ ɲc ŋk ŋq pl tl pʰl mpl nt͡s","i u ɯ o e a ẽ ã õ ai ua ei","#","The cluster <nq> should be transcribed as <ɴq>, but given the absence of /ɴ/, I transcribe it as <ŋq>. The <y:> in the vocalic inventory seems to be a typo, as no such phoneme seems to be present."
"ainu1240","ain","Hokkaido Ainu",142.46167,43.633654,"Ainu","BOOK","Tamura, Suzuko","2000","The Ainu Language","Sanseido",,,,,,,,"1","p t k c s ɾ m n w j ʔ h a i u e o","-","p t k c s ɾ m n w j ʔ h","a i u e o","# p t k s ɾ m n w j",
"honi1244","how","Honi",101.886,23.2074,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Yang 杨, Yan 艳","2016","Haniyu wonihua yanjiu 哈尼语窝尼话研究 [A grammar of Hani Woni language]",,"Shanghai Normal University 上海师范大学",,,,,,,,"p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l f s ʂ ɕ h v z ʐ w j i e ɛ ɑ ɔ o ɯ u","55 33 31 53 13","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l f s ʂ ɕ h v z ʐ w j","v i e ɛ ɑ ɔ o ɯ u ɑi ɑu ei ui uɛ uɔ iu iɛ uɑ uɑi","# n ŋ",
"huiz1242","czh","Hui Chinese",118.232,29.7646,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Lu, Wen","2018","Aspects of the Grammar of Tunxi Hui: A Transitional Sinitic Language",,"University of Hong Kong",,,,,,,,"p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ʔ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ m n ɲ f v s z ɕ x l i y u uː e ə o ɛ ɔ a","11 44 31 24 52 5","# p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ m n ɲ f v s z ɕ x l","m n z i y u e ə o ɛ ɔ a au ou ia ua iɛ uɛ yɛ ie ue ye io uə uːə iu iau","# m n ʔ",
"hula1244","huy","Hulaulá",43.4865,31.9111,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Khan, Geoffrey","2009","The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Sanandaj","Gorgias",,,,,,,,,"p t k q ʔ b d ɡ tˤ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ x ħ h v z ʒ ɣ ʕ sˤ zˤ m n l lˤ ɾ r j i e ə ɑ o u ɑː","-","C CC","i e ə ɑ o u VV","# C CC",
"hung1274","hun","Hungarian",19.6555271429,46.9068585714,"Uralic","BOOK","Kenesei, István and Vago, Robert M. and Fenyvesi, Anna","1998","Hungarian","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p t c k t͡s t͡ʃ b d ɻ ɡ d͡ʒ f s ʃ h v z ʒ m n ɲ l r j i iː y yː u uː ɛ eː ø øː o oː ɔ aː","-","# p t c k t͡s t͡ʃ b d ɻ ɡ d͡ʒ f s ʃ h v z ʒ m n ɲ l r j tv kv ɡv t͡sv sp st sc sk sf sv ʃp ʃt ʃk ʃv pl bl kl ɡl fl vl zl sl ʃl pr br tr dr kr ɡr fr zr ʃr sm ʃm sn ʃn fj str skl ʃpr ʃtr ʃkr","i iː y yː u uː ɛ eː ø øː o oː ɔ aː","# p t c k t͡s t͡ʃ b d ɻ ɡ d͡ʒ f s ʃ h v z ʒ m n ɲ l r j pp tt cc kk bb dd ɻɻ ɡɡ t͡st͡s t͡ʃt͡ʃ d͡ʒd͡ʒ ff ss ʃʃ mm nn ɲɲ rr ll jj zz ps ks st ʃt dv ɡd zd ʒd mp mb mv mz nt nd nk nɡ nt͡ʃ ns nʃ nt͡ʃ nc nɻ nv nz ɲv lp lt ld lɻ lk lɡ lt͡s lt͡ʃ lf lv lʃ rp rb rt rd rc rɻ rk rɡ rt͡s rt͡ʃ rf rv rs rz rʃ rʒ lm rm rn rɲ jt jd jt͡s jt͡ʃ jv js jz jʒ jm jn mj rj pj bj kj ɡj fj vj zɻ ʒɻ zz bd ɻd d͡ʒd vd md ɲd ɲt cs fs ms ɲs ls ʒb mt͡ʃ kst nks nst mps rst rʃt rʃt͡ʃ jst jʃt rlt rnt jʃt jnt nst nʃt jst nks d͡ʒd md͡ʒd nd͡ʒd nɡd ld͡ʒd rd͡ʒd jd͡ʒd",
"hunz1247","huz","Hunzib",46.1369,42.0808,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","van den Berg, Helma","1995","A grammar of Hunzib (with texts and lexicon)","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"b p pʼ d t tʼ z s ʝ ç ɬ ɡ k kʼ x q qʼ ɣ χ ʕ ħ ʔ h m n l r i ɨ u e ə o a ɑ ĩ ɨ̃ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ã ɑ̃ iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː ɑː","-","# b p pʼ d t tʼ z s ʝ ç ɬ ɡ k kʼ x q qʼ ɣ χ ʕ ħ ʔ h m n l r i u","i ɨ u e ə o a ɑ ĩ ɨ̃ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ã ɑ̃ iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː ɑː VV","# b p pʼ d t tʼ z s ʝ ç ɬ ɡ k kʼ x q qʼ ɣ χ ʕ ħ ʔ h m n l r i u CC","It is uncertain whether VV sequences are tautosyllabic. Here it is assumed they are."
"icel1247","isl","Icelandic",-19.0212,63.4837,"Indo-European","BOOK","Árnason, Kristján","2011","The phonology of Icelandic and Faroese","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"i ɪ ɛ a ʏ œ ɔ u p t c k pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ v ð j ʝ ɣ f θ ç x h m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ r r̥","-","# p t c k pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ v f θ ç h m n ð ɣ n̥ l l̥ r r̥ mj nj lj rj n̥j l̥j r̥j fj fl fn frj flj fnj θj θr θv θrj pʰj pʰr pʰrj pʰl tʰj tʰr tʰrj tʰv kʰv kʰr kʰn kʰl kʰrj kʰnj kʰlj pj pr prj pl plj tj tr trj tv kv kr kn kl krj sj sv stl stlj stnj spm spj spr spl st stj str strj sk skr skrj skv skj","C i ɪ ɛ a ʏ œ ɔ u ai ɛi œi ou au","# v ð ɣ l m n ɲ ŋ r h f θ x s p t k l̥ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ r̥",
"ingr1248","izh","Ingrian",29.71145,59.47403,"Uralic","INCOLLECTION","Markus, Elena and Rozhanskiy, Fedor","2022","Ingrian","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages","Bakró-Nagy, Marianne and Laakso, Johanna and Skribnik, Elena",,"308--329",,,,"i y ɨ u e ø o a ɑ iː yː uː eː øː oː aː ɑː p t tʲ k m n nʲ f s ç h v t͡s c͡ç l lʲ ɹ ɹʲ j","-","# C","i y ɨ u e ø o a ɑ ɑi oi ei iu ɑu oɑ uɑ io ɑo uo ia ya ie oi ue ae eo ɑe yi øy ay ou eu ai ui iɑ iː yː uː eː øː oː aː ɑː","# C","``In the contemporary language, [the distinction between short and long diphthongs] is not stable, and there is much individual, structurally conditioned, and situational variation'' (p. 311). The long diphthongs were not listed in the source and thus not reflected here. Also not reflected are the``short geminates'', which are reported to contrast with full geminates. Onset clusters are omitted, as ``[c]onsonant clusters are not typical word-initially except in onomatopoeic words and borrowings'' (p. 312)."
"ingu1240","inh","Ingush",45.03,43.11,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Nichols, Johanna","2011","Ingush Grammar","University of California Press",,,,,,,,,"iː uː i y u e a o aː p t c t͡ʃ kʲ k q ʕ ʔ tː qː pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼʲ kʼ qʼ b d ɡʲ ɡ f s ʃ x ħ h sː v z ʒ ɣ m n l r r̥ j","H","?","?","?",
"iris1253","gle","Irish",-7.61509,53.2186,"Indo-European","BOOK","Raymond Hickey","2011","The Dialects of Irish: Study of a Changing Landscape","De Gruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"p pʲ b bʲ f fʲ v vʲ t tʲ d dʲ s sʲ k kʲ ɡ ɡʲ x xʲ ɣ ɣʲ m mʲ nˠ nʲ n ŋ ŋʲ lˠ lʲ l r rʲ ɪ ɛ a ʌ ə iː eː ɑː oː uː i u","-","# p pʲ b bʲ f fʲ v vʲ t tʲ d dʲ s sʲ k kʲ ɡ ɡʲ x xʲ ɣ ɣʲ m mʲ nˠ nʲ n ŋ ŋʲ lˠ lʲ l r rʲ [ppʲbbʲffʲmmʲttʲddʲssʲkkʲɡɡʲ][lˠlʲlrrʲ] mn mʲn tn tʲn kn kʲn ɡn ɡʲn sn sʲn [ssʲ][ppʲttʲkkʲ][lˠlʲlrrʲ]","ɪ ɛ a ʌ ə iː eː ɑː oː uː ai au iə uə","?",
"iron1242","oss","Iron Ossetian",44.61,42.98,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Erschler, David","2021","Iron Ossetic","Oxford University Press",,"Handbook of the Languages of the Caucasus","Polinsky, Maria",,"641--685",,,,"b d ɡ ɡʷ q qʷ ʔ p t k kʷ pʼ tʼ kʼ kʼʷ f v s z ʒ ʃ ʁ ʁʷ h χ χʷ d͡z t͡s t͡sʼ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ m n l r w j i u ə e o ɐ a","-","# C","i u ə e o ɐ a","# C CC CCC","It is unclear whether diphthongs exist. Word-initial and word-final restrictions interpreted as onset and coda restrictions."
"irul1243","iru","Irula of the Nilgiri",79.95209,12.70645,"Dravidian","BOOK","Pillai, V. Chidambaranatha","1976","Phonology of Kasaba with vocabulary","Annamalai University",,,,,,,,,"i ɨ u e ə o a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː p b t d ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ s ʂ x m n̪ n ɳ l ɭ r ɾ w j","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ s ʂ x m n̪ n ɳ l ɭ r ɾ w j pr bɖ bl tr kr kj ɡɭ sn pɭ","i ɨ u e ə o a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ sʂx m n̪ n ɳ l ɭ r ɾ w j tk st sk ʂʈ lp ld lk ɭk rp rd rk ɾp ɾr ɾʈ ɾc͡ç ɾk wk jp jt jk pr dr ɖɾ ɡɭ sk ʂʈ mp mb mɭ n̪d nc͡ç nɟ͡ʝ nk nɡ ɳɖ ld lk rk rn ɾb ɾd ɾʈ ɾc͡ç ɾk ɾɡ ɾɳ ɾɭ wd wɾ jt jʂ jn̪ jl jɾ rnɡ rnk",
"istr1245","ruo","Istro Romanian",14.2,45.433,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Hurren, Anthony H.","1972","A linguistic description of Istro-Rumanian",,"University of Oxford",,,,,,,,"b p v f m d t n z s t͡ʃ ʒ ʃ ɾ l h a e o u i","-","# b p v f m d t n z s t͡ʃ ʒ ʃ r l h ɾ i u CC CCC","ɾ a e o u i","# b p v m d t n z s t͡ʃ ʒ ʃ ɾ l h i u CC","The source makes it unclear whether /f/ occurs in the coda position. Here it is left out. It was also unclear whether /u/ or /i/ form part of the onset or coda clusters, in which case the clusters would be transcribed as CV, VC, etc."
"ital1282","ita","Italian",12.6489,43.0464,"Indo-European","BOOK","Kramer, Martin","2009","The Phonology of Italian","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"p b t d t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ f v s m n ɲ l ʎ r w j i e ɛ a ɔ o u","-","# p b t d t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ f v s m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ w j PL PG FL FG NG LG","i e ɛ a ɔ o u ei eu ɛi ɛu ai au ɔi oi ui","# C",
"iumi1238","ium","Iu Mien",101.17,20.83,"Hmong-Mien","PHDTHESIS","Arisawa, Tatsuro Daniel","2016","An Iu Mien Grammar: A Tool for Language Documentation and Revitalisation",,"LaTrobe University",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ʍ f s ç h m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ w j i u e ə o ɛ ɔ a aː","44 31 453 231 23 11 55C 11C","# p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ʍ f s ç h m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ w j pw tw cw kw pʰw tʰw cʰw kʰw bw dw ɟw ɡw t͡sw t͡sʰw d͡zw fw sw çw mw ɲw ŋw m̥w ɲ̥w lw l̥w jw pj tj pʰj tʰj bj dj t͡sj t͡sʰj d͡zj fj sj mj nj m̥j n̥j lj l̥j","i u e ə o ɛ ɔ a aː ei iə iu ai aːi uə eu ɔi au aːu ui ou","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j",
"nucl1643","jpn","Japanese",135,35,"Japonic","BOOK","Iwasaki, Shoichi","2013","Japanese","John Benjamins Publishing Company",,,,,,,,"Revised","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː p t t͡s t͡ɕ k b d ɡ s ɸ h z d͡ʑ r m n j w ɴː ʔ","H L","# p t t͡s t͡ɕ k b d ɡ s ɕ ɸ h z d͡ʑ r m n j w pj bj tj dj kj ɡj ɸj hj mj nj rj","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː","# ɴː ʔ","The source describes Japanese codas as /H/ (vowel lengthening), /N/ (nasal moraic), and /Q/ (obstruent moraic). /H/ was not included, as it is suprasegmental. The long vowels are coded as separate segments instead. /N/ is realized as [ɴː] in isolation (before pause), so it was transcribed as /ɴ/. /Q/ is also realized as a glottal stop in isolation (in ideophones such as /pikaQ/ [pikaʔ]), so it was transcribed as /ʔ/."
"japh1234",,"Japhug",102.36,32.1,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Jacques, Guillaume","2021","A grammar of Japhug","Language Science Press",,,,,,,,,"p t c k q pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɟ ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ ⁿɢ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡z ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ s ʂ ɕ x χ h z ʑ ɣ ʁ w j r l ɬ a e i ɤ ɯ o u","-","# p t c k q pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɟ ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ ⁿɢ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡z ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ s ʂ ɕ x χ h z ʑ ɣ ʁ w j r l ɬ wt wd wt͡s wt͡sʰ ws wz wt͡ɕ wt͡ɕʰ wɕ wʑ wʈ͡ʂ wc wɟ wk wɡ wxt wst wrt wsk wzɡ wzd wzɟ wrɟ sp zb zⁿb sm zm st stʰ zd znd sn zn sc scʰ zɟ zɲɟ sɲ sk skʰ zɡ zŋɡ sŋ sq sʰ lp lm lt ltʰ ld ln lt͡s lt͡sʰ lt͡ɕ lt͡ɕʰ ld͡ʑ lɖ͡ʐ lc lcʰ lŋ lx lq lpɕ ʂp ʂpʰ rⁿb rm ʂt ʂtʰ rd rⁿd rn ʂt͡s ʂt͡sʰ rd͡z rⁿd͡z ʂs rz ʂt͡ɕ ʂt͡ɕʰ rⁿd͡ʑ ʂɕ rʑ ʂc ʂcʰ rɟ rⁿɟ ʂɲ rɲ ʂk ʂkʰ rɡ rⁿɡ rŋ ʂq ʂqʰ rⁿɢ ʂχ ɕp ɕpʰ zⁿb ɕm ɕt ɕtʰ ʑd ɕn ʑn ɕt͡s ɕt͡ɕ ɕʈ͡ʂ ɕk ɕkʰ ʑɡ ʑⁿɡ ɕŋ ɕq ɕqʰ ʑⁿɢ jp jm jt jⁿd jn jt͡s jt͡sʰ jⁿɖ͡ʐ jk jŋ jq jχ jmŋ xp ɣⁿb ɣm xt xtʰ ɣd ɣⁿd ɣn xt͡s xt͡sʰ xs ɣz xt͡ɕ xt͡ɕʰ ɣⁿd͡ʑ xɕ ɣʑ xʈ͡ʂ xʂ xc xcʰ ɣɟ ɣɲ χp χpʰ ʁb ʁⁿb ʁm χt χtʰ ʁd ʁⁿd ʁn χt͡s χt͡sʰ ʁⁿd͡z ʁn χt͡s χt͡sʰ ʁⁿd͡z χs ʁz χt͡ɕ χɕ ʁʑ χʈ͡ʂ χʂ χc χcʰ ʁɟ ʁⁿɟ χɲ ʁɲ mp mpʰ nt ntʰ nt͡s nt͡sʰ nt͡ɕʰ nʈ͡ʂ ɲc ɲcʰ ŋk ŋkʰ ɴq ɴqʰ mpɕ mt mtʰ md mn mt͡s mt͡sʰ md͡z mt͡ɕ mt͡ɕʰ md͡ʑ mʈ͡ʂ mɖ͡ʐ mc mcʰ mɟ mɲ mk mkʰ mɡ mŋ mɢ nb nm nɡ nŋ dw zw lw rw ʂw jw kw xw χw hw pj bj ⁿbj wj dj ⁿdj t͡sj ⁿd͡zj sj zj lj rj kj kʰj ⁿɡj ɣj qj qʰj ⁿɢj ʁj wsj wzj spj spʰj spʰj stj sqʰj ltʰj lbj ʂpj rⁿbj ʂt͡sj ʂqʰj rⁿɢj χt͡sj χpj χsj mpj mt͡sj ɴqj pl ⁿbl wl t͡sl sl zl ɕl ʑ rl cl jl kl ɡl ⁿɡl ɣl ql qʰl ⁿɢl ʁl scl sql sqʰl ɕpl ɕkl ɕql ɕqʰl rⁿɢl χpl ʁⁿɟl mql mɢl pr pʰr br ⁿbr wr dr t͡sr ⁿd͡zr sr zr t͡ɕr ɕr ʑr cr cʰr ɟr jr kr kʰr ɡr ⁿɡr ɣr qr ⁿɢr ʁr wkr wɣr wsr spr zbr zⁿbr stʰr scr zɟr skr skʰr zɡr sqr ɕpr zⁿbr ɕtr ʑdr ɕkr ʑɡr ʑⁿɡr ɕqr ʑⁿɢr jkr jt͡sr xpr χpr ʁⁿbr χsr ʁzr χcr ʁɟr ʁɡr ɲcr ŋkʰr nɡr ɴqr mt͡sr mpʰr mkʰr mɡr nbr pɣ pʰɣ bɣ ⁿbɣ wɣ tɣ tʰɣ dɣ ⁿdɣ t͡sɣ nd͡zɣ sɣ zɣ lɣ t͡ɕɣ t͡ɕʰɣ ⁿd͡ʑɣ ɕɣ ʑɣ rɣ ʂɣ cʰɣ ⁿɟɣ jɣ spɣ zbɣ stɣ lcʰɣ ld͡zɣ ɕpɣ ɕpʰɣ jⁿbɣ jpɣ jⁿdɣ rⁿbɣ rpɣ rpʰɣ χpɣ ʁⁿbɣ mpʰɣ nt͡ɕʰɣ ntʰɣ nt͡sɣ nt͡sʰɣ ɲcɣ ɲcʰɣ w wʁ nd͡zʁ zʁ lʁ t͡ɕʁ t͡ɕʰrʁ rʁ jʁ","a e i ɤ ɯ o u","# p w m t z n l r j ɣ ŋ ʁ","``Not all speakers of Kamnyu Japhug have a phoneme /y/ in the native vocabulary. Even for those speakers, it is only attested in the word ‘fish’ and the verbs derived from it. It nevertheless contrasts with /ɯ/ and /u/, as shown by the quasi-minimal pairs /qaɟy/ ‘fish’, /waɟɯ/ ‘earthquake’ and /ɟuli/ ‘flute’. Other speakers pronounce ‘fish’ with a medial /w/ as /qaɟwi/. However, [y] is found in the speech of all Japhug speakers in Chinese loanwords such as 洋芋 <yángyù> ‘potato’'' (p. 52). Given that the source excludes Mandarin loanword phonology from the phonological analysis, /y/ is excluded from the inventory described here."
"jara1245","anq","Jarawa (India)",92.658,11.6089,"Jarawa-Onge","PHDTHESIS","Kumar, Pramod","2012","Descriptive and typological study of Jarawa",,"Jawaharlal Nehru University",,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ ʃ h hʷ r ɽ l w j i u ɘ e ə o a iː uː eː əː oː aː","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ ʃ h hʷ r ɽ l w j","i u ɘ e ə o a iː uː eː əː oː aː","# p ɸ b t d tʰ ʈ ɖ k kʰ ɡ m n ŋ ɽ l w j h",
"jeju1234","jje","Jejueo",126.5554,33.3805,"Koreanic","BOOK","Yang, Changyong and Yang, Sejung and O’Grady, William","2020","Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island","University of Hawaii Press",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ p⁺ t tʰ t⁺ k kʰ k⁺ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ⁺ s s⁺ m n ŋ l h i e æ ɨ ə a u o ɒ j w","-","# p pʰ p⁺ t tʰ t⁺ k kʰ k⁺ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ⁺ s s⁺ m n l h","i e æ ɨ ə a u o ɒ je jæ jə ja ju jo jɒ wi we wæ wə wa wu","# p t k m n ŋ l",
"jenn1240","xuj","Jennu Kurumba",76.5767,11.5041,"Dravidian","BOOK","Natanasabapathy, S.","1986","The Language of Kattunaickas: A Linguistic Study","Annamalai University",,,,,,,,,"i iː ĩ ĩː e ẽː ẽ ɨ ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː ə ə̃ a aː ã ãː u uː ũ ũː o oː õ p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç d͡z ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ s ʂ z r ɾ l ɭ v j","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç d͡z ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ s ʂ z r ɾ l ɭ v j pɾ bɾ bj ɟ͡ʝj kɾ ɡj mɾ mj nj st sv","i iː ĩ ĩː e ẽː ẽ ɨ ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː ə ə̃ a aː ã ãː u uː ũ ũː o oː õ","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ m n ɳ l ɭ s v j ɲ ŋ z ʂ ɾ r mp mb nt ɳʈ ŋk ŋɡ ɾt ɾʂ",
"jeru1240","jee","Jerung",86.2547,27.1741,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Opgenort, Jean R.","2005","A Grammar of Jero","Brill",,,,,,,,,"iː i uː u e o ɛ ɔ ʌ a aː ĩ ɛ̃ ũ õ p t ʈ t͡s k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡sʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡z ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ ʔ m n s r l w j h","-","# p t ʈ t͡s k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡sʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡z ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n s r l w j h pl pr pʰr bl br kl kr kʰl kʰr ɡl ɡr","iː i uː u e o ɛ ɔ ʌ a aː iu ei ɛu ai au ʌi ʌu ɔi ɔu ui","# p t ʈ t͡s k b d ɖ d͡z ɡ ʔ m n s r l","It wasn't clear whether the list of nasalized vowels is comprehensive. Here it is assumed to be. It was also unclear whether aspirated consonants appear as coda in Nepali loanwords. Here it is assumed that they don't."
"sheh1240","shv","Jibbali",53.99526,17.29154,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Rubin, Aaron D.","2014","The Jibbali (Shaḥri) Language of Oman: Grammar and Texts","Brill",,,,,,,,,"t k b d ɡ tˀ kˀ f θ s ɬ ʃ χ ħ h ð z l ʁ ʕ ðˀ sˀ ɬˀ ʃˀ m n r w j i e ɛ ə a ɔ o u iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː","-","?","?","?",
"jiny1235","cjy","Jinyu Chinese",111.278,38.8284,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Li 李, Rong 榮 and Shen 沈, Ming 明","1994","Taiyuan fangyan cidian 太原方言詞典 [Taiyuan Dialect Dictionary]","Jiangsu Jiaoyu Chubanshe 江蘇敎育出版社",,,,,,,,"1","p pʰ m f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ k kʰ x ɣ r ʔ ŋ ə a ɤ i e u y æ̃ ɒ̃","11 53 45 2 54","# p pʰ m f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ k kʰ x ɣ","z i u y ə a ia ua ɤ uɤ ie ye ai uai ei uei au iau əu iəu æ̃ uæ̃ ɒ̃ iɒ̃ uɒ̃ iə uə yə","# r ʔ",
"jion1236","pnu","Jiongnai Bunu",110.007,23.8692,"Hmong-Mien","BOOK","Mao 毛, Zongwu 宗武 and Li 李, Yunbing 云兵","2002","Jiongnaiyu yanjiu 炯奈语研究 [A study of Jiongnai]","Central Nationalities University Press 中央民族大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ ⁿb ⁿp m m̥ f v v̤ w w̥ θ ð t tʰ ⁿd ⁿt n n̥ l l̥ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ⁿd͡ʒ ⁿt͡ʃ ʃ ɲ ɲ̥ ʑ ʑ̤ k kʰ ⁿɡ ⁿk ŋ ŋ̥ x i e a ɔ o u ə j","44 33 53 31 35 22 43 32","p pʰ ⁿb ⁿp m m̥ f v v̤ w w̥ θ ð t tʰ ⁿd ⁿt n n̥ l l̥ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ⁿd͡ʒ ⁿt͡ʃ ʃ ɲ ɲ̥ ʑ ʑ̤ k kʰ ⁿɡ ⁿk ŋ ŋ̥ x pl pʰl ⁿpl kl kʰl ⁿɡl pj ⁿbj mj θj ðj tj tʰj ⁿdj nj n̥j lj l̥j t͡ʃj ʃj kj kʰj ⁿɡj ⁿkj pw pʰw ⁿbw mw θw ðw tw tʰw ⁿdw ⁿtw lw t͡ʃw ⁿd͡ʒw ʃw ɲw kw kʰw ⁿɡw klw","ŋ i e a au ɔ ɔu o u ui ə","# n ŋ","<v̥ ʑ̥> transcribed as /v̤ ʑ̤/."
"jude1266","yhd","Judeo-Iraqi Arabic",41.2595,31.5339,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Bar-Moshe, Assaf","2019","The Arabic dialect of the Jews of Baghdad: phonology, morphology, and texts","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"p b w m f v θ ð dˤ t d tˤ s z r l n sˤ ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ j k ɡ x ɣ q ħ ʕ ʔ h i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː","-","?","?","?",
"jude1256","jdt","Judeo-Tat",48.264749,42.068306,"Indo-European","BOOK","Authier, Gilles","2012","Grammaire juhuri, ou judéo-tat, langue iranienne des Juifs du Caucase de l'est","Reichert",,,,,,,,,"a e o i y u s c͡ç x p t c k ħ h b d ɡ q v z ʝ ʕ m n r j l","-","?","?","?","Several assumptions about the phonemic equivalent of certain graphemes are made: <ü> = /y/; <ç> = /c͡ç/; <j> = /ʝ/; <r> = /r/."
"jude1264","yud","Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic",34.7422,31.9567,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Yoda, Sumikazu","2005","The Arabic dialect of the Jews in Tripoli (Libya): grammar, text and glossary","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"b bˠ m mˠ f t tˠ d dˠ t͡ʃ s sˠ z zˠ ʃ ʒ l lˠ n nˠ k ɡ q χ ʁˠ ʀ ʀˠ ħ ʕ w j ə aː iː uː","-","C CC CCC","ə aː iː uː","# C CC CCC",
"jude1263","ajt","Judeo-Tunisian Arabic",35.25,31.75,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Singer, Hans-Rudolf","1984","Grammatik der arabischen Mundart der Medina von Tunis [Grammar of the Arabic dialect of the Medina of Tunis]","Walter de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"b f m bˤ mˤ ð θ ðˤ d t tˤ r l n rˤ lˤ z s zˤ sˤ ʑ ɕ ɡ k ɡˤ x q ʕ hˤ h w j a i u aː iː uː","-","?","?","?",
"kaba1278","kbd","Kabardian",43.3918,43.5082,"Abkhaz-Adyge","BOOK","Colarusso, John","1992","A grammar of the Kabardian language","The University of Calgary Press",,,,,,,,,"p b pʼ f v fʼ m t d tʼ n r t͡s d͡z t͡sʼ s z ɬ ɮ ɬʼ ɕ ʑ ɕʼ ʃ ʒ c ɟ cʼ ç ɣ j kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ xʷ w q qʼ χ ʁ qʷ qʼʷ χʷ ʁʷ ħ ʕ ʔ h ʔʷ ə a","-","# p b pʼ f v fʼ m t d tʼ n r t͡s d͡z t͡sʼ s z ɬ ɮ ɬʼ ɕ ʑ ɕʼ ʃ ʒ c ɟ cʼ ç ɣ j kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ xʷ w q qʼ χ ʁ qʷ qʼʷ χʷ ʁʷ ħ ʕ ʔ h ʔʷ ɬp ft st zd bd͡z pʼt͡sʼ ps bz χt͡s χs pɬ bɮ pʼɬʼ pɕ bʑ pʼɕʼ pʃ bʒ χʃ bɟ pʼcʼ pç bʝ tʼcʼ tç zɟ sʼcʼ ʒɟ ʃʼcʼ ʃç tʼkʼʷ txʷ skʷ sʼkʼʷ ɬkʷ ɬxʷ ʃʼkʼʷ ʃxʷ pʼqʼ pχ bʁ sχ ɕχ ʑʁ ɬχ pχʷ bʁʷ tχʷ ɕχʷ tħ sħ ɕħ ɬħ tʼʔʷ pst pɕt psc pʼsʼcʼ pʼʃʼkʼʷ stχ pɕħ ɬʼqʼ","ə a C","# p b pʼ f v fʼ m t d tʼ n r t͡s d͡z t͡sʼ s z ɬ ɮ ɬʼ ɕ ʑ ɕʼ ʃ ʒ c ɟ cʼ ç ɣ j kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ xʷ w q qʼ χ ʁ qʷ qʼʷ χʷ ʁʷ ħ ʕ ʔ h ʔʷ ɬp ft bd͡z pʼt͡sʼ ps bz pɬ bɮ pʼɬʼ pɕ bʑ pʼɕʼ pʃ bʒ bɟ pʼcʼ pç bʝ tʼcʼ tç zɟ ʃʼcʼ ʃç tʼkʼʷ txʷ sʼkʼʷ ɬkʷ ɬxʷ ʃʼkʼʷ ʃxʷ pʼqʼ pχ bʁ sχ ɕχ ʑʁ pχʷ bʁʷ tχʷ ɕχʷ tħ sħ ɕħ ɬħ tʼʔʷ pst pɕt psc pʼsʼcʼ pʼʃʼkʼʷ stχ pɕħ","I interpret ``non-sonorant syllables'' (pp. 15-16) to be syllabic consonants."
"kach1277","kfr","Kachchi",69,23.83,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Rohra, Satish Kumar","1966","Descriptive analysis of Kachi (Kacchi)",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u ɪ ʊ e o ə ɛ ɔ a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ ɓ ᶑ m n ɳ ŋ s h l r ɽ w j","-","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ ɓ ᶑ m n ɳ ŋ s h l r ɽ w j pr pj ph tr th ʈh cj ch kr kh dr dw ɡr ɓj ᶑj nj sn sw rj wj lj ɳd nd ʈɽ md ɖn ʈj br tr","i u ɪ ʊ e o ə ɛ ɔ a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã VV","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ ɓ ᶑ m n ɳ ŋ s h l r ɽ w j ph mp mb th nt nd ʈh ɳʈ ɳɖ ch nc nɟ kh ŋk ŋɡ ns rs jn ʈk ɓk mɟ mk kr br dl dr ɟr ɡr sk rt rc rk rɟ ɽɡ ɽk CCC",
"kada1242","kej","Kadar",76.7285,11.0602,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Indira, R.","1976","Descriptive analysis of Kāḍar",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a p b t ʈ t͡ɕ k m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɾ r l ɭ v j","-","# p b t ʈ t͡ɕ k m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɾ r v l ɭ j pr pl kr kl tr pp tt ʈʈ kk mp n̪t n̪n̪ vv","i u e ə o a ii ee aa oo uu ai","# r t͡ɕ m ɳ n ɳ ɲ ŋ l ɭ j ɾ v n̪ p t ʈ k","/mph/ is given as a possible medial cluster, but /h/ is not described as part of the phonemic inventory."
"kado1242","kdv","Kado",100.092,21.5259,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Sangdong, David","2012","A grammar of the Kadu (Asak) language",,"LaTrobe University",,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ s ɕ h sʰ m n ɲ ŋ l w j i u e o ɛ ɔ a ə","H M L","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ s ɕ h sʰ m n ɲ ŋ l w j pʰj pʰw tʰw kʰw pj pw tw t͡ɕw kw mj mw nw ŋw sʰw ɕw sw jw lw","i u e o ɛ ɔ a ai ə","# m n ŋ p t k ʔ",
"kadu1253","ktp","Kaduo",101.74,22.2996,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Min 敏, Zhao 赵 and Zhu 朱, Maoyun 茂云","2011","Mojiang Hanizu Kaduohua cankao yufa 墨江哈尼族卡多话参考语法 [A reference grammar of Mojiang Kaduo]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʲ t k pʰ pʰʲ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ m mʲ n ɲ ŋ l f s ʃ ɕ x v z ʑ ɣ w i e ɛ a ɔ o u ɯ ɤ ɑ z̰ ḭ ḛ ɛ̰ a̰ ɔ̰ o̰ ṵ ɯ̰ ɤ̰ ĩ ẽ ɑ̃ ɔ̃ õ ũ ɛ̃ ã","33 31 55 35 51","# p pʲ t k pʰ pʰʲ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ m mʲ n ɲ ŋ l f s ʃ ɕ x v z ʑ ɣ w","z i e ɛ a ɔ o u ɯ ɤ ɑ z̰ ḭ ḛ ɛ̰ a̰ ɔ̰ o̰ ṵ ɯ̰ ɤ̰ ĩ ẽ ɑ̃ ɔ̃ õ ũ uɛ̃ uã iõ iɛ̃ iã uɛ̃ yɛ ua ui ei iu iɔ ia","# ŋ","The source records /m³¹/ `right, correct' as an example of a syllable consisting of a syllabic consonant (p. 13), but given that this only example is an interjection, I didn't include any consonant as a possible nucleus here."
"kajk1237","kjv","Kajkavian",16.134109,45.649748,"Indo-European","BOOK","Houtzagers, Peter","1999","The Kajkavian dialect of Hidegség and Fertőhomok","Rodopi",,,,,,,,,"i iː e eː ɛ ɛː u uː o oː a aː p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f s ç h v z ʝ m n j l r","-","?","?","?",
"kajt1238",,"Kajtak",47.776611,42.052428,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Temirbulatova Темирбулатова, S. С. M. М.","2004","Xajdakskij dialekt darginskogo jazyka Хайдакский диалект даргинского языка [The Kajtak dialect of the Dargwa language]","Издатедьство типографии ДНЦ РАН Izdated'stvo Tipografii DNC RAN",,,,,,,,,"i u e ʌ æ b p pː pʼ v m d t tː tʼ t̪͡s̪ t̪͡s̪ː t̪͡s̪ʼ z s sː n l ʝ ç çʷ çː çːʷ j ɡ ɡʷ k kʷ kː kːʷ kʼ kʼʷ t͡s t͡sʷ t͡sː t͡sːʷ t͡sʼ t͡sʼʷ d͡z d͡zʷ s sʷ sː sːʷ r ɢ ɢʷ q qʷ qː qʼ qʼʷ ʁ ʁʷ χ χʷ χː ʡ ħ ʔ ʔʷ ʡʼ","-","?","?","?","It is unclear what is represented by <ъ> ``laryngeal ejective''. Here it is interpreted as the epiglottal ejective."
"kang1281","kxs","Kangjia",101.254,35.043,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Siqin 斯钦, Chaoketu 朝克图","1999","Kangjiayu yanjiu 康家语研究 [A study of Kangjia]","Shanghai Yuandong Chubanshe 上海远东出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m f t͡s t͡sʰ z s t tʰ n l r ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ ʐ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j k kʰ ɣ ŋ q qʰ χ h a ə ɯ e i ɔ u ɵ ʉ y ə˞","-","# p pʰ m f t͡s t͡sʰ z s t tʰ n l r ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ ʐ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j k kʰ ɣ ŋ q qʰ χ h CC","a ə ɯ e i ɔ u ɵ ʉ y ə˞ ai əi ei ui ʉi au əʉ uai iau","# p pʰ m s ʃ ʂ n l r q ʁ qʰ χ ŋ ɣ kʰ CC",
"kang1280","xnr","Kangri",76.366,31.915,"Indo-European","BOOK","Sharma, Shyamlal","1974","Kāṅgaṛī: a descriptive study of the Kangra Valley dialect of Himachal Pradesh","V. V. B. Institute of Sanskrit and Indological Studies, Panjab University",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʰ s m n ɳ l ɭ r ɾ j h i u ɪ ʊ e ə o ɛ ɔ a ĩ ũ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã","L M H","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʰ s m n ɳ l ɭ r ɾ j h pt pʈ pt͡ʃ ps pn pr pɾ pl pɭ pj pʰʈ pʰr bt bd͡ʒ bs bn br bl bɭ bj tb tk tm tr tɾ tl tj tʰj dl dɭ dj ʈʈʰ ʈk ʈr ʈj ʈʰj ɖk ɖr ɖj t͡ʃp t͡ʃb t͡ʃr t͡ʃl t͡ʃɭ t͡ʃʰp t͡ʃʰʈ t͡ʃʰb t͡ʃʰj d͡ʒt͡ʃ d͡ʒm d͡ʒr d͡ʒj kp kt kʈ kt͡ʃ kd͡ʒ ks kr kɾ kɳ kl kɭ kj kʰm kʰr kʰɾ kʰj ɡt ɡʈ ɡm ɡr ɡɾ ɡl ɡɭ ɡj sp spʰ sb st stʰ sʈ sk sɡ sm sn sr sɾ sɳ sl sɭ sj mt mʈ mk ms mn mr ml mɭ mj nr nj rs rj lt lt͡ʃ lk lj dj CCC","i u ɪ ʊ e ə o ɛ ɔ a ĩ ũ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʰ s m n ɳ l ɭ r ɾ ppʰ pt pʈ pk ps pɭ pʰt pʰd͡ʒ pʰr pʰɭ bt bd bʈ bt͡ʃ bj bk bs bn br bɾ bɳ bl tk ts tm tn tr tɾ tl tʰɭ db dk ds dm dn dr dl ʈʈʰ ʈk ʈn ʈr ʈɭ ʈʰk ʈʰr t͡ʃt t͡ʃʈ t͡ʃt͡ʃʰ t͡ʃk t͡ʃn t͡ʃr t͡ʃɭ t͡ʃʰt t͡ʃɾ t͡ʃʰɭ d͡ʒb d͡ʒt d͡ʒk d͡ʒs d͡ʒm d͡ʒn d͡ʒr kt kkʰ km kr kɾ kl kʰt kʰt kʰm kʰr kʰɾ kʰɳ kʰl ɡt ɡd ɡʈ ɡd͡ʒ ɡs ɡm ɡn ɡr ɡɾ ɡɳ ɡl ɡɭ sp sb st sʈ sk sm sn sr sɾ sl sɭ mp mpʰ mb mt md mʈ md͡ʒ mk ms mn mr mɾ mɳ ml nt ntʰ nd nt͡ʃ nt͡ʃʰ nd͡ʒ nk nkʰ nɡ nm rp rpʰ rb rt rtʰ rd rʈ rʈʰ rt͡ʃ rt͡ʃʰ rd͡ʒ rk rkʰ rɡ rs rm rn rɾ rl ɾp ɾpʰ ɾb ɾt ɾt͡ʃʰ ɾk ɾɡ ɾs ɾm ɾn ɳp ɳt ɳʈ ɳʈʰ ɳɖ ɳd͡ʒ ɳk ɳɡ ɳs ɳn lp lpʰ lb lt ld lk lkʰ ls lm ln ɭp ɭb ɭt ɭtʰ ɭd ɭʈ ɭt͡ʃ ɭt͡ʃʰ ɭd͡ʒ ɭk ɭkʰ ɭɡ ɭs ɭm ɭn","``Some of the clusters are intercepted by vocalic glide in slowspeech'' (p. 80). The following statement was not taken into consideration: ``When [/m n r ɾ ɳ l ɭ/] occur as the second members of intervocalic sequences of two consonants and the vowel which precedes is a vowel other than [/ɪ ʊ ə/] these two consonants are the prenuclear margins of the syllable within a phonological word'' (p. 99)."
"nucl1305","kan","Kannada",76.1198,13.5878,"Dravidian","BOOK","Sridhar, S. N.","1990","Kannada","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ f s z s̻ ʂ m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ j w a aː i iː u uː e eː o oː æ","-","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ f s z s̻ ʂ m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ j w CC CCC","a aː i iː u uː e eː o oː æ","# C CC CCC",
"kara1465","krc","Karachay-Balkar",42.2606,43.565,"Turkic","BOOK","Seegmiller, Steve","1996","Karachay","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"i y ɯ u e ø a o p b t d k ɡ q f s z ʃ ʒ x t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ŋ w l j r","-","?","?","?",
"kara1464","kdr","Karaim",25.1054,54.5534,"Turkic","BOOK","Kacaoğlu, Timur","2006","Karay: The Trakai dialect","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"i y ɯ u e ø a o b p m v f d t z s r l n ʑ ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ j ɟ c q χ ʁ h","-","?","?","?",
"kash1277","kas","Kashmiri",74.330455,34.166825,"Indo-European","BOOK","Wali, Kashi and Koul, Omkar N.","1997","Kashmiri: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç t͡sʰ c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ m n s ç h z l r w j pʲ tʲ ʈʲ kʲ pʰʲ tʰʲ ʈʰʲ kʰʲ bʲ dʲ ɖʲ ɡʲ t͡sʲ t͡sʰʲ mʲ nʲ sʲ hʲ zʲ lʲ rʲ wʲ i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː ɔ ɔː ĩː ɨ̃ː ũ ũː ẽ ẽː ə̃ ə̃ː õ õː ã ãː ɔ̃","-","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç t͡sʰ c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ m n s ç h z l r w j pʲ tʲ ʈʲ kʲ pʰʲ tʰʲ ʈʰʲ kʰʲ bʲ dʲ ɖʲ ɡʲ t͡sʲ t͡sʰʲ mʲ nʲ sʲ hʲ zʲ lʲ rʲ wʲ pr pʰr br tr dr ʈr ɖr kr kʰr ɡr t͡sʰr sr çr zr","i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː ɔ ɔː ĩː ɨ̃ː ũ ũː ẽ ẽː ə̃ ə̃ː õ õː ã ãː ɔ̃ uɨ uːɨ oə ɔaː oːə","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç t͡sʰ c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ m n s ç h z l r w j pʲ tʲ ʈʲ kʲ pʰʲ tʰʲ ʈʰʲ kʰʲ bʲ dʲ ɖʲ ɡʲ t͡sʲ t͡sʰʲ mʲ nʲ sʲ hʲ zʲ lʲ rʲ wʲ mp mb nd nɖ nk nkʰ nɡ st çt çʈ",
"kash1274","csb","Kashubian",18.6163,54.2996,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Stone, Gerald","1993","Cassubian","Routledge",,"The Slavonic languages","Comrie, Bernard and Corbett, Greville G.",,"759--794",,,,"i e ɛ ə a ɔ o ʊ u ã õ p t k b d ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ d͡z d͡ʒ f s ʃ x v z ʒ m n ɲ l r w j","-","?","?","?","It is uncertain what ``post-alveolar fricative trill' represents. Hence it was omitted."
"newa1246","new","Kathmandu Valley Newari",85.326,27.67,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Joshī, Sunder Krishna","1984","A descriptive Study of the Bhaktapur dialect of Newari",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ d͡z̤ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ s ɦ r l l̥ w j i u e ə a iː uː eː əː aː iː",,"# p b t d k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ d͡z̤ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ s ɦ r l l̥ w j pj bj tj dj kj ɡj pʰj b̤j tʰj d̤j kʰj ɡ̤j t͡sj d͡zj t͡sʰj d͡z̤j mj nj m̥j n̥j sj ɦj lj l̥j pw bw tw dw kw ɡw pʰw b̤w tʰw d̤w kʰw ɡ̤w t͡sw d͡zw t͡sʰw d͡z̤w mw nw m̥w sw ɦw rw lw l̥w pr kl sr sk br kr","i u e ə a iː uː eː əː aː iː əe ae ui əi əu ai au","# p t k t͡s pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n s r l ŋ d͡z nt͡s nd nt st nd͡z","It is uncertain whether the borrowed initial clusters described in the source, /pr kl sr sk br kr/, are comprehensive."
"kati1270","bsh","Kati",70.9826,35.4145,"Indo-European","BOOK","Грюнберг Grjunberg, Александр Леонович Aleksandr leonovich","1980","Jazyk kati. Teksty, grammataticheskij ocherk Язык кати. Тексты, грамматический очерк [Kati language. Texts, grammar sketch]","Nauka Наука",,,,,,,,,"i u ɨ ɛ ɔ a p b pʲ bʲ t d tʲ dʲ ʈ ɖ ʈʲ ɖʲ k ɡ kʲ ɡʲ m mʲ n nʲ ɳ ɳʲ ŋ ŋʲ t͡s t͡sʲ t͡sʷ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʷ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʷ v vʲ s z sʲ zʲ ɽ ɽʲ j ʃ ʂ ʐ ʂʲ ʐʲ ʂʷ ʐʷ l lʲ r rʲ","-","?","i u ɨ ɛ ɔ a ɛi","?",
"kats1235","kaf","Katso",102.4,24.6,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Donlay, Chris","2015","A functional grammar of Khatso",,"University of California at Santa Barbara",,,,,,,,"p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ m n ɲ ŋ f v s z ɕ x ɣ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ l j w","35 55 53 24 44 33 323 31","# p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ m n ɲ ŋ f v s z ɕ x ɣ t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ l j w i ɯ ɛ ɤ o a u","m ŋ z v i ɯ ɛ ɤ o a iɛ io ia uo ua ɛi ai au iau uɛi uai","#",
"kaya1315","pdu","Kayan Lahwi",97.4138,19.5183,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Manson, Kenneth Neil","2010","A grammar of Kayan, a Tibeto-Burman language",,"La Trobe University",,,,,,,,"i ɨ u e o ə a ɛ ɔ ɜ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ p t c k ʔ b d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ θ h w ɹ j l","55 54 11 22 42 33","pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ p t c k ʔ b d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ θ h w ɹ j l pl pɹ pʰl pʰɹ bl bɹ kl kɹ kʰl kʰɹ","i ɨ u e o ə a ɛ ɔ ai au iu ia ui ue ua əɨ iə uə ɜ","# ŋ",
"kaza1248","kaz","Kazakh",65.7709,41.8729,"Turkic","BOOK","Geng 耿, Shimin 世民","1989","Xiandai Hasakeyu yufa 现代哈萨克语语法 [Contemporary Kazakh grammar]","Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe 中央民族大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ s ʃ z ʁ d͡ʒ l r m n ŋ w j æ ɑ ɔ ø u y e ə ɨ","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ s ʃ z ʁ d͡ʒ m n w j","æ ɑ ɔ ø u y e ə ɨ","# pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ s ʃ z d͡ʒ l r m n ŋ w j [nŋrl][pʰtʰkʰqʰsʃ]",
"patt1249","mfa","Kelantan-Pattani Malay",101.41,6.38148,"Austronesian","PHDTHESIS","Tadmor, Uri","1995","Language Contact and Systemic Restructuring: The Malay Dialect of Nonthaburi, Central Thailand",,"University of Hawai'i at Mānoa",,,,,,,,"i ɯ u e o ɛ a ɔ b d ɟ ɡ p t c k ɣ s h m n ɲ ŋ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ w l r j","-","# C","i ɯ u e o ɛ a ɔ","# C","It is unclear what is represented by <ʡ>, described as ``a voiced, nasalized, ejective glottal stop ... [that] occurs only in expressives and loanwords'' (p. 182). Hence it was excluded."
"kett1243","ket","Ket",87.5466,63.7551,"Yeniseian","BOOK","Georg, Stefan","2007","A descriptive grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak)","Global Oriental",,,,,,"1",,,"i ɨ u e ə o a b t d k q s h l j m n ŋ","M Fˀ RF F","# b t d k q s h l m n ŋ","i ɨ u e ə o a l n ŋ","# b t d k q s l j m n ŋ bs ds ts ks qs Pt RT RTs","It is unclear whether /j/ can appear as an onset word-medially. Here, it is assumed that it doesn't. Technically, all biconsonantal codas can appear as long as at least one sonorant is involved. But /l n ŋ/ are syllabified in postconsonantal coda position, so they are treated as syllabic consonants here. /m/ does not oc+AC618cur in that position. While it's unclear whether /j/ can occur in postconsonantal coda position, it is here assumed that it does not, given the absence of examples. Thus, only sonorant-obstruent coda sequences are transcribed here (as <RT>) and sonorant-sonorant and obstruent-sonorant coda sequences are excluded."
"khak1248","kjh","Khakas",107.169,50.7393,"Turkic","BOOK","Anderson, Gregory D. S.","1998","Xakas","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"i y ɨ u ɪ e ø a o iː yː ɨː uː eː øː aː oː p t s c͡ç k d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ m n ŋ r l j","-","?","i y ɨ u ɪ e ø a o iː yː ɨː uː eː øː aː oː","?",
"kham1282","khg","Khams Tibetan",91.7062,31.9313,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Bartee, Ellen Lynn","2007","A grammar of Dongwang Tibetan",,"University of California at Santa Barbara",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ ʔ p b t d k ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɡ sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ h s z ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ ɮ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s d͡z ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡z ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ ɾ r̥ w l j̥ j i ʏ ɯ u e o ə æ a ɑ ĩ ɑ̃ õ ũ æ̃ ã iː ɑː uː əː ɯː eː ĩː õː","13 353 53","# pʰ tʰ kʰ p b t d k ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɡ sʰ ʂʰ ɕʰ h s z ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ ɮ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡s d͡z ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡z ⁿɖʐ ⁿd͡ʑ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ ɾ r̥ w l j̥ j","i ʏ ɯ u e o ə æ a ɑ ĩ ɑ̃ õ ũ æ̃ ã iː ɑː uː əː ɯː eː ĩː õː ui ua ue uæ əo ao","# ʔ",
"khar1287","khr","Kharia",84.3922,22.3571,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Malhotra, Veena","1982","The Structure of Kharia: A Study in Linguistic Typology and Change",,"Jawaharlal Nehru University",,,,,,,,"i e a o u p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ s h m n ɲ ŋ l r ɽ w j","-","?","?","?","``[N]asalisation of vowels is of limited occurrence, mainly in Hindi and other loanwords'' (p. 368). Nasalized vowels are omitted here as the source does not specify which oral vowels have nasal counterparts."
"khas1269","kha","Khasi",91.9998,24.977,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Nagaraja, K.S.","1977","A descriptive analysis of Khasi",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i ɨ u e a o iː eː aː uː oː p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ m n ɲ ŋ s ç h r l w j","-","# p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ m n ɲ ŋ s ç h r l w j pd pɟ pʔ pn pr pl pj pʰr pʰl bt btʰ bd bn bs br bl bj tb td tm tn tr tl tj tʰm tʰn tʰŋ tʰr tʰl tʰj dp dk dkʰ dj ɟŋ ɟr ɟl ɟj kp kb kt ktʰ kd kɟ kʔ km kn ks kç kr kl kw kj kʰp kʰt kʰm kʰn kʰr kʰl kʰj mr ml mj nj ɲj sp sb st sd sk skʰ sʔ sm sn sŋ sl sj çk çʔ çn çɲ çr çl çj hʔ hj rb rkʰ rʔ rn rj lp lb ld lkʰ lʔ lj wj pdjpʔj plj pʰrj pʰlj tbj tʰrj dpj ɟlj kɲj ksj kʰɲj kʰrj sʔj snj çɲj rkʰj kʰɲ kʰw pʰj tp tpʰ prj pʰɲj pdj bçj","i ɨ u e a o iː eː aː uː oː","# p t k ʔ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ m n ɲ ŋ s ç r l w j jt jd",
"khez1235","nkh","Khezha Naga",94.3114,25.7078,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Kapfo, Kedutso","2004","The Ethnology of the Khezhas & Khezha grammar","Central Institute of Indian Languages",,,,,,,,,"i u e o ɞ ɛ a p t c k kʷ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʰʷ b d ɟ p͡f t͡s p͡fʰ t͡sʰ b͡v d͡z f s ç h v z ʝ ɦ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ l l̥ r r̥ w j w̥","H M L","# p t c k kʷ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ kʰʷ b d ɟ p͡f t͡s p͡fʰ t͡sʰ b͡v d͡z f s ç h v z ʝ ɦ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ l l̥ r r̥ w j w̥ pr tr pʰr tʰr","i u e o ɞ ɛ a ie io iu ia ie io iu ia ei","#","The source suggests that the onset sequences /pr pʰr tr tʰr/ could be analyzed as affricates and not sequences (p. 90) while not including them as affricates in the list of phonemes. Here they are transcribed as sequences."
"khin1240","kjj","Khinalug",48.0571,41.1801,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Kibrik, Aleksandr E.","1994","Khinalug","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Smeets, Rieks",,"367--406","4",,,"pʰ p p⁺ b pʼ f v tʰ t t⁺ d tʼ t͡sʰ t͡s t͡s⁺ t͡sʼ s z t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃ⁺ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʼ ʃ ʒ cʰ c c⁺ ɟ cʼ ç kʰ k k⁺ ɡ kʼ x ɣ qʰ q q⁺ qʼ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʔ h r l j w i y ɯ u e ø o æ ɑ","-","# C PF PL ČF ČL","i y ɯ u e ø o æ a","# C RT FP FČ","``Tonal distinctions have also been noted in Khinalug, but have not been investigated in detail'' (p. 373). Only (word-)initial and final clusters are described comprehensively, without an extensive description of medial clusters. Here the initial and final clusters are coded as onset and coda clusters."
"khmu1256","kjg","Khmu",101.671,20.2463,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Soundara, Lamphoune","2019","Contribution à la grammaire de la langue kmhmouʔ [Contribution to the grammar of the Kmhmouʔ language]",,"INALCO",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ f s h m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ ʔ͡m ʔ͡n ʔ͡ŋ l r l̥ r̥ w j w̥ j̥ ʔ͡w ʔ͡j i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɨ ɨː ə əː œ œː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː","-","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ f s h m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ ʔ͡m ʔ͡n ʔ͡ŋ l r l̥ r̥ w j w̥ j̥ ʔ͡w ʔ͡j pl pʰr br bl tl tm tn tw tʰr dr cʰr ɟr kr km kn kw kʰr kʰw ɡr ɡl ɡw fr sr sl sm sn sŋ","i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɨ ɨː ə əː œ œː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː ao ɛo ia eo iu ɨa ua aoː ɛoː iaː eoː iuː ɨaː uaː","# p t c k h m n ɲ ŋ l r j","Word-initial and word-final consonants interpreted as onsets and codas given the lect's monosyllabic structure."
"guan1266","jiq","Khroskyabs",101.928,31.5655,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Lai, Yunfan","2017","Grammaire du khroskyabs de Wobzi [Grammar of the khroskyabs of Wobzi]",,"Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle (Paris 3)",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ q qʰ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ f s z ɬ ɕ ʑ ʂ ç χ m v n l r ɲ j ŋ ɣ ʁ i u e o ə æ a ɑ","H L","# p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ q qʰ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ f s z ɬ ɕ ʑ ʂ ç χ m v n l r ɲ j ŋ ɣ ʁ sp spʰ sb sm sv st stʰ sd sn sr sl sc scʰ sɟ sç sɲ sj sk skʰ sɡ sŋ sɣ sq sqʰ sʁ zv zj zɣ zʁ rp rpʰ rb rm rv rs rz rt͡s rt͡sʰ rd͡z rt rtʰ rd rn rl rt͡ɕʰ rd͡ʑ rɕ rʑ rc rcʰ rɟ rɲ rj rk rkʰ rɡ rŋ rɣ rq rqʰ rʁ lp lpʰ lb lm lv ss sz st͡s st͡sʰ sd͡z lt ltʰ ld ln st͡ɕ st͡ɕʰ sd͡ʑ sɕ sʑ sʈ͡ʂ sɖ͡ʐ lkʰ lŋ lq lqʰ lʁ vs vz vt͡s vt͡sʰ vd͡z vt vtʰ vd vr vl vt͡ɕ vt͡ɕʰ vd͡ʑ vɕ vʑ vc vcʰ vɟ vj vʈ͡ʂ vk vkʰ vɡ vɣ vq vqʰ vʁ vχ np npʰ nb nv ns nz nt͡s nt͡sʰ nd͡z nt ntʰ nd nr nl nn nt͡ɕ nt͡ɕʰ nd͡ʑ nɕ nc ncʰ nɟ nj nç nɲ nʈ͡ʂ nɖ͡ʐ nk nkʰ nɡ nɣ nŋ nq nqʰ nʁ nχ mt͡s mt͡sʰ md͡z mtʰ md mn mt͡ɕʰ mcʰ mɲ mkʰ mɡ mŋ jp jb jm jv js jz jt͡s jt͡sʰ jd͡z jt jtʰ jd jl jn jt͡ɕ jt͡ɕʰ jd͡ʑ jɕ jr jj jŋ ʁp ʁpʰ ʁb ʁm ʁv ʁs ʁz ʁt͡s ʁt͡sʰ ʁd͡z ʁt ʁtʰ ʁd ʁl ʁn ʁt͡ɕ ʁt͡ɕʰ ʁd͡ʑ ʁɕ ʁʑ ʁc ʁcʰ ʁɟ ʁç ʁj ʁɲ ʁʈ͡ʂ ʁɖ͡ʐ ʁr ʁk ʁk ʁkʰ ʁɡ ʁɣ ʁq ssp sspʰ ssb ssm ssv sst sstʰ ssd ssn ssr ssl ssc sscʰ ssɟ ssç ssɲ ssj ssk sskʰ szɡ ssŋ ssɣ ssʁ ssj ssʁ vsd vsl vsɟ vsj vsk vsɣ vsq vsʁ vss vst͡s vsɕ vsʑ vst͡ɕ vst͡ɕʰ nsp nspʰ nsb nsm nsv nst nstʰ nsd nsn nsl nsc nscʰ nsɟ nsç nsɲ nsj nsr nsk nskʰ nsɡ nsŋ nsɣ nsʁ nrp nrv nrt͡s nrt͡sʰ nrd͡z nrtʰ nrd nrl nrɕ nrʑ nrcʰ nrj nrɡ nrŋ nrɣ nlv nss nsz nst͡sʰ nsd͡z nlt nln nsɕ nst͡ɕʰ nsd͡ʑ nsɖ͡ʐ nlŋ nlqʰ nlʁ nvs nvz nvt͡s nvd͡z nvt nvd nvl nvɕ nvt͡ɕ nvj nsʈ͡ʂ nvk nvɣ nvʁ jzb jst jsd jsj jnt jnd jnl jnɕ jnd͡ʑ jnj ʁsp ʁspʰ ʁsb ʁsm ʁsv ʁst ʁstʰ ʁsd ʁsn ʁsl ʁsc ʁscʰ ʁsɟ ʁsç ʁsɲ ʁsj ʁsr ʁsk ʁskʰ ʁsɡ ʁsŋ ʁsɣ ʁsʁ ʁsj ʁsʁ ʁlm ʁss ʁsz ʁst͡sʰ ʁlt ʁln ʁsɕ ʁst͡ɕʰ ʁsd͡ʑ ʁrp ʁrv ʁrt͡sʰ ʁrd͡z ʁrtʰ ʁrd ʁrl ʁrɕ ʁrʑ ʁrcʰ ʁrj ʁrk ʁrɡ ʁrŋ ʁvs ʁvt͡s ʁvt͡sʰ ʁvd͡z ʁvt ʁvd ʁvl ʁvt͡ɕ ʁvt͡ɕʰ ʁvd͡ʑ ʁvj ʁvk ʁvɣ ʁnp ʁnpʰ ʁnb ʁnv ʁns ʁnz ʁnt͡s ʁnt͡sʰ ʁnd͡z ʁnt ʁntʰ ʁnd ʁnn ʁnl ʁnɕ ʁnʑ ʁnt͡ɕ ʁnt͡ɕʰ ʁnd͡ʑ ʁnc ʁncʰ ʁnɟ ʁnç ʁnj ʁnʈ͡ʂ ʁnɖ͡ʐ ʁnr ʁnk ʁnkʰ ʁnɡ ʁnŋ ʁnɣ ʁnq ʁnqʰ ʁnʁ ʁnχ ʁmt͡sʰ ʁmd ʁmn ʁmt͡ɕʰ ʁmɲ ʁjd͡ʑ ʁjd nssp nsspʰ nsb nssb nssv nsst nsstʰ nssd nssn nssr nssl nssc nsscʰ nssɟ nssç nssɲ nssj nssk nsskʰ nssɡ nssŋ nssɣ nssʁ nvsd nvsl nvsɟ nvsj nvsk nvsɣ nvsq nvsʁ nvss nvst͡s nvsɕ nvsʑ nvst͡ɕ nvst͡ɕʰ jnsb jnst jnsd jnsj ʁssp ʁsspʰ ʁssb ʁssm ʁssv ʁsst ʁsstʰ ʁssd ʁssn ʁssr ʁssl ʁssc ʁsscʰ ʁssɟ ʁssç ʁssɲ ʁssj ʁssk ʁsskʰ ʁssɡ ʁssŋ ʁssɣ ʁssʁ ʁvss ʁvst͡s ʁvsɕ ʁvsʑ ʁvst͡ɕ ʁvst͡ɕʰ ʁjsb ʁjst ʁjsd ʁjsj ʁnCC ʁjns ʁjnss pr pj pʰr pʰj br bl bj mj t͡sr t͡sʰr d͡zr tv tj tʰj dv dj lj ʑj ɟv kr kl kʰr kʰl ɡr ɡl kʰr kʰl ɡr ɡl qr ql qʰr qʰl χw spr spj spʰr spʰj sbr sbl sbj sdv skr skl skʰr skʰl sɡr sɡl sqr sql sqʰr sqʰl rpʰj rbj rcʰv st͡sr st͡sʰr sd͡zr sɕv vkr vgr vqr npj npʰr npʰj nbr nbl nbj nt͡sr nt͡sʰr nd͡zr nɕv nkw nkr nkl nkʰr nkʰl nɡr nɡl nqr nql nqʰr nqʰl jbr jbl jbj jt͡sr jt͡sʰr jd͡zr jtv jdj ʁpj ʁpʰr ʁpʰj ʁbr ʁt͡sj ʁd͡zr ʁɕv ɻd͡ʑv ʁɟv ʁkv ʁkr ʁɡr sspʰj ssbr ssbl ssbj ssdv sskl sskʰr ssɡr ssql ssqʰr ssqʰl nspr nspj nspʰr nspʰj nsbr nsbl nsbj nst͡sr nst͡sʰr nsd͡zr nsdv nsɕv nskw nskr nskl nskʰr nskʰl nsɡr nsɡl nsqr nsql nsqʰr nsqʰl jnbj ʁspj ʁpsʰr ʁspʰj ʁsbl ʁst͡sr ʁst͡sʰr ʁsd͡zr ʁsdv ʁskl ʁskʰr ʁsql ʁsqʰr ʁsqʰl nsspʰj nssbr nssbl nssbj nssdv nsskl nsskʰr nssɡr nssɡl nvsqr nssql nssqʰr nssqʰl ʁsspʰj ʁssbr ʁssbl ɾssbj ʁssdv ʁsskl ʁsskʰr ʁssɡr ʁssɡl ʁvsqr ʁssql ʁssqʰr ʁssqʰl ʁnCCC","i u e o ə æ a ɑ","# m v t n l r j ɣ ŋ","Allophonic agreement in complex onsets not reflected in the transcription."
"khva1239","khv","Khwarshi-Inkhoqwari",45.9977,42.2743,"Nakh-Daghestanian","PHDTHESIS","Khalilova, Zaira","2009","A grammar of Khwarshi",,"Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden",,,,,,,,"b p pʼ m w bˤ pˤ pʼˤ mˤ d t tʼ t͡sʰ t͡sʼ z s n r dʷ tʼʷ t͡sʼʷ zʷ sʷ c͡çʰ c͡çʼ ʝ ç j c͡çʼʷ ʝʷ çʷ tɬʰ tɬʼ ɬ l tɬʼʷ ɡ k kʼ x ɡˤ kˤ kʼˤ ɡʷ kʷ kʼʷ q qʼ ɢ χ qˤ qʼˤ ɢˤ χˤ qʷ qʼʷ ɢʷ χʷ qʼˤʷ ɢˤʷ xˤʷ ʕ ħ h hˤ i ĩ iː u ũ uː ũ e ẽ eː ẽː o õ oː õː a ã aː ãː","-","?","?","?",
"kild1236","sjd","Kildin Saami",35.8348,68.2158,"Uralic","INCOLLECTION","Rießler, Michael","2022","Kildin Saami","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages","Laakso, Johanna and Skribnik, Elena",,"219--239",,,,"i iː ɨ u uː ɛ ɛː o oː a aː ɒ ɒː h͡p h͡pʲ p pː pʲ pːʲ b bː bʲ bːʲ h͡t h͡tʲ t tː tʲ tːʲ d dː dʲ dːʲ h͡k h͡kʲ k kː kʲ kːʲ ɡ ɡː ɡʲ ɡːʲ h͡t͡s h͡t͡sʲ t͡s t͡sː t͡sʲ t͡sːʲ d͡z d͡zʲ h͡t͡ʃ t͡ʃʲ t͡ʃːʲ d͡ʒʲ f fː fʲ fːʲ v vː vʲ vːʲ s sː sʲ sːʲ z zʲ ʃ ʃː ʃʲ ʃːʲ ʒ ʒʲ x xː xʲ xːʲ m̥ m̥ː m̥ʲ m̥ːʲ m mː mʲ mːʲ n n̥ː n̥ʲ n̥ːʲ n nː nʲ nːʲ ɲ ɲː ŋ ŋː ŋʲ ŋːʲ r rː rʲ rːʲ l̥ l̥ː l̥ʲ l̥ːʲ l lː lʲ lːʲ j̥ j̥ː j jː ʎ ʎː","-","# C CC CCC","i iː ɨ u uː ɛ ɛː o oː a aː ɒ ɒː ea ie ua ue","# C CC",
"kirg1245","kir","Kirghiz",74,42,"Turkic","BOOK","Hu 胡, Zhenhua 振华","1986","Keerkezi-yu jianzhi 柯尔克孜语简志 [Description of the Kirghiz language]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,"1","i yː y uː u eː e øː ø ə oː o aː a p pʰ m w v t tʰ n l r s z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j k kʰ ŋ qʰ χ ʁ","-","# p pʰ m w v t tʰ n l r s z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j k kʰ qʰ ʁ ŋ","i yː y uː u eː e øː ø ə oː o aː a","# p pʰ m w t tʰ n l r s z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j k kʰ ŋ qʰ χ ʁ lpʰ ltʰ lkʰ lqʰ lt͡ʃʰ lt rs rpʰ rtʰ rkʰ rqʰ rt͡ʃʰ ntʰ nt͡ʃʰ ŋqʰ mpʰ jtʰ jm stʰ",
"kirm1248","kiu","Kirmanjki",39.4004,39.1636,"Indo-European","BOOK","Selcan, Zülfü","1998","Grammatik der Zaza-Sprache: Nord-Dialekt (Dersim-Dialekt)","Wissenschaft und Technik-Verlag",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡s k q b d d͡z ɡ f s x h v z ɣ w j m n l ɾ r i e ɛ a o u y ɨ","-","# p t t͡s k q b d d͡z ɡ f s x h v z ɣ w j m n l ɾ r","i e ɛ a o u y ɨ ia iu ya","# p t t͡s k q b d d͡z ɡ f s x v z ɣ w j m n l ɾ r wt wn wl wr st sn sk zd zn zɡ nt nd nd͡z nɡ lp lt lv lm lt͡s ɾm ɾt ɾd ɾd͡z ɾt͡s ɾs ɾz ɾɡ ɾx ɾv rd rn jɾ xt͡s xt","The ``vibrant'' phonemes <r ṙ> interpreted as /ɾ r/."
"miju1243","mxj","Kman",97.0444,28.4732,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Li 李, Daqin 大勤","2002","Gemanyu Yanjiu 格曼语研究 [A study of Geman]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b m w t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s ɹ t tʰ d n l ɲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɕ j k kʰ ɡ ŋ x i e ɑ ʌ o u ɯ","53 55 35","# p pʰ b m w t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s ɹ t tʰ d n l ɲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɕ j k kʰ ɡ ŋ x mpʰ nt͡sʰ ntʰ ɲt͡ɕʰ ŋkʰ pl pʰl bl kl kʰl ɡl pɹ pʰɹ bɹ kɹ kʰɹ ɡɹ","i e ɑ ʌ o u ɯ iɑ ie iu uɑ uo ui ɑi ʌi oi ɯi ɑu ʌu ɯu iɑu uɑi io uɯ iɯ","# p t k m n ŋ l",
"koda1255","kfa","Kodava",75.9161,12.2443,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Garman, Michael","1973","A grammar of the Coorg language",,"University of Edinburgh",,,,,,,,"i iː ɯ ɯː u uː e eː ɤ ɤː o oː a aː ĩ ẽ ẽː ɤ̃ ã ãː ũ õː æ p t ʈ t͡ɕ k b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l ɭ r s ç ʋ j f z","-","# p t ʈ t͡ɕ k b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l ɭ r s ç ʋ j f z Pr Pl Pɭ çn fl çm","i iː ɯ ɯː u uː e eː ɤ ɤː o oː a aː ĩ ẽ ẽː ɤ̃ ã ãː ũ õː æ","# p t ʈ t͡ɕ k b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l ɭ r s ç ʋ j GN","``Postalveolar affricates'' are transcribed as <t͡ɕ d͡ʑ>. ``Four consonant clusters ... usually consist of an approximant followed by a sequence of nasal plus stop plus trill'' (p. 85). As other four consonant clusters were not described, they are not reflected here."
"koii1238","kkt","Koi",86.8531,27.1941,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Rai, Tara Mani","2015","A grammar of Koyee",,"Tribhuvan University",,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e eː o oː ʌ ʌː a aː p pʰ b b̤ m w t tʰ d d̤ n t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s r l j k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ŋ ʔ h","-","# p pʰ b b̤ m w t tʰ d d̤ n t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s r l j k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ŋ h pr ɡ̤r pj pʰj b̤j tj tʰj dj d̤j t͡sj t͡sʰj d͡zj d͡z̤j rj lj mj hj kj kʰj ɡ̤j","i iː u uː e eː o oː ʌ ʌː a aː ai ʌi ui iu eu au","# ʔ m n ŋ s r l p t k",
"koir1240","nkd","Koireng",94.2141,25.2857,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Waikhom, Kunjalata Devi","2013","A descriptive grammar of Sadu Koireng",,"Manipur University",,,,,,,,"i e ə a u o p b t d c k pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ŋ s z h ɾ w j l","M F","# p b t d c k pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ŋ s z h ɾ w j l kɾ kl tɾ pɾ","i e ə a u o əi ai oi ui","# p t k m n ŋ l ɾ j","Unclear whether the complex onsets listed are comprehensive."
"kols1241","ksh","Kölsch",6.927,50.947,"Indo-European","BOOK","Helke, Georg","1964","Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart: Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale [On the phonology of the Cologne dialect: an experimental study of acoustic features]","Elwert",,,,,,,,,"i y u e ø o ɛ œ ɔ a iː yː uː eː øː oː ɛː œː ɔː aː m n ŋ l ʀ b d ɡ p t k v z f s ʃ j t͡s x h","-","?","i y u e ø o ɛ œ ɔ a iː yː uː eː øː oː ɛː œː ɔː aː ei ø ou","?","It was unclear whether the list of diphthongs is comprehensive. Here it is assumed to be."
"komi1269","koi","Komi-Permyak",54.7959,59.6602,"Uralic","INCOLLECTION","Hausenberg, Anu-Reet","1998","Komi","Routledge",,"The Uralic languages","Abondolo, Daniel",,"305--326",,,,"i ɨ u e ə o a m n ɲ p t c k b d ɟ ɡ t͡ʃ c͡ç d͡ʒ ɟ͡ʝ s ʃ ç v z ʒ ʝ l ʎ r j","-","# m n ɲ p t c k b d ɟ ɡ t͡ʃ c͡ç d͡ʒ ɟ͡ʝ s ʃ ç v z ʒ ʝ l ʎ r j","i ɨ u e ə o a","# m n ɲ p t c k b d ɟ ɡ t͡ʃ c͡ç d͡ʒ ɟ͡ʝ s ʃ ç v z ʒ ʝ ʎ r j [lʎr][mnɲptckbdɟɡt͡ʃc͡çd͡ʒɟ͡ʝj] [sʃçvzʒʝ][mnɲptckbdɟɡt͡ʃc͡çd͡ʒɟ͡ʝj]","Based on the standard literary Komi. Word-initial clusters occur only in onomatopoeia and Russian loanwords and were not included here given the lack of description, especially about how many segments are allowed. ``Post-alveolar'' consonants interpreted as palato-alveolar."
"komi1268","kpv","Komi-Zyrian",54.946,64.0527,"Uralic","INCOLLECTION","Kuznetsov, Nikolay","2022","Komi","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford guide to the Uralic lnaguages","Bakró-Nagy, Marianne and Laakso, Johanna and Skribnik, Elena",,"487--506",,,,"i ɨ u e ɘ o ɑ p t c k b d ɟ ɡ m n ɲ r f s ʃ ɕ x v z ʒ ʑ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ d͡ʒ d͡ʑ j l ʎ","-","# p t c k b d ɟ ɡ m n ɲ r s ʃ ɕ v z ʒ ʑ t͡ʃ t͡ɕ d͡ʒ d͡ʑ j l ʎ","i ɨ u e ɘ o ɑ","# p t c k b d ɟ ɡ m n ɲ r f s ʃ ɕ x v z ʒ ʑ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ d͡ʒ d͡ʑ j l ʎ rP ʎP rF Ft","Word-initial clusters occur only in onomatopoeia and Russian loanwords and were not included here given the lack of description, especially about how many segments are allowed."
"kond1295","kfc","Konda-Dora",82.93402,18.26754,"Dravidian","BOOK","Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju","1969","Koṇḍa or Kūbi: a Dravidian language (Texts, grammar, and vocabulary)","Tribal Cultural Res. \& Training Inst., Gov. of Andhra Pradesh",,,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ ʔ s z r r̥ m n ɳ ŋ l ɾ ɽ ʋ j i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː ẽ ũ ã","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ ʔ s z r m n ɳ ŋ l ɾ ɽ ʋ j","i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː ẽ ũ ã","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ s z r r̥ m n ɳ ŋ l ɾ ɽ ʋ j ʈk r̥k ɾn rŋ jn mb nd ɳz ns nz ɳk nd ɳɖ ɳk ɳs ɳs ŋk ls ŋɡ ɾp ls rk rp ɾp rs rɡ jt js ln jŋ","The source states that ``[all] clusters generally occur between peaks (vowels)'' (p. 196). Word-final consonant clusters only appear a few times as examples without any comprehensive list. Here it is assumed that only word-internal coda clusters exist, as the source argues that word-internal CCC clusters are best interpreted as CC.C (p. 207). The coda clusters /ln jŋ/ were only described as examples on p. 209 (as part of the triconsonantal clusters /lnd jŋs/)."
"konk1267","knn","Konkan Marathi",73.994,18.404,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Laddu, Suhasini L.","1961","Linguistic analysis of Koli (a dialect of Marathi)",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a ɔ p t t͡ɕ ʈ k b d d͡ʑ ɖ ɡ m n ŋ l r v s j h","-","# p t t͡ɕ ʈ k b d d͡ʑ ɖ ɡ m n l r v s j h kh ɡh d͡ʑh ʈh ɖh th dh nh ph bh mh rh vh kr ɡr ʈr ɖr ʈr ɖr pr kj ɡj t͡ɕj d͡ʑj tj dj pj bj sj hj t͡ɕjh d͡ʑjh ɡhj nj lj vj hr jr","i u e ə o a ɔ","# p t t͡ɕ ʈ k b d d͡ʑ ɖ ɡ m n ŋ l r v s j h kh ʈh th ŋk ŋɡ nt͡ɕ nd͡ʑ nɖ nd mb","``[B]lade-post-dental affricates'' (p. 34) are interpreted as alveo-palatal affricates."
"kore1280","kor","Korean",128,37.5,"Koreanic","BOOK","Lee 이, Jinho 진호","2021","Kwuke umwunlon kanguy 국어 음운론 강의 [A Course in Korean Phonology]","Cipmwuntang 집문당",,,,,,,,,"p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ p⁺ t⁺ k⁺ s s⁺ h t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ⁺ m n ŋ l i y ɨ u e ø ʌ o ɛ a w j","-","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ p⁺ t⁺ k⁺ s s⁺ h t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ⁺ m n l","i y ɨ u e ø ʌ o ɛ a ja jʌ jo ju jɛ je wa wʌ wɛ we ɨj","# p t k m n ŋ l j",
"kork1243","kfq","Korku",77.5541,21.8358,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Nagaraja, K.S.","1999","Korku Language: Grammar, Texts and Vocabulary","Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies",,,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː ã p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ s h r ɾ l ɭ w j","-","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ s h r ɾ l ɭ w j pj bj b̤w tj ɟw ɡj mj sw sj rw lw wj kl","i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː ã","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ s h r ɾ l ɭ w j nɖ ɲɟ nɡ jc mb bɽ ʈɽ kr kɽ sr nt nʈ nd nd̤ nɖ nɡ ɲɟ ln wl wn jn",
"korr1238","kfd","Korra Koraga",75.2,12.9163,"Dravidian","BOOK","Shetty, Ramakrishna T.","1978","Koraga Grammar (A descriptive study of a Dravidan dialect)","Deccan College",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ç m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l r w j i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɨ a aː u uː o oː","-","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ç m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l r w j pr br dr kj kr kl ɡr pj dr tj dj tr dr nj ʈj ɳɖ mb nd ɖj ɳɖ ɲɟ ŋk ŋɡ ɖr ɖj ɲj mb ɡj","i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɨ a aː u uː o oː","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ç m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l r w j rʈ mb ŋɡ wɲ jd jn jɳ jc jɲ jl rɳ",
"kory1246","kpy","Koryak",166.695,63.8977,"Chukotko-Kamchatkan","ARTICLE","Kurebito, Megumi","2004","A report of Koryak phonology",,,,,"Languages of the North Pacific Rim","117--144","9",,,"p t tʲ k q ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ w v ɣ ʕ m n nʲ ŋ l lʲ i u e ə o a","-","# p t tʲ k q ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ w v ɣ ʕ m n nʲ ŋ l lʲ","i u e ə o a","# p t tʲ k q ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ w v ɣ m n nʲ ŋ l lʲ",
"adiv1239","ort","Kotia-Adivasi Oriya-Desiya",82.8487,18.1046,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Gauda, Dukhishyam","1989","Study of Ganjami Dialect of Oriya",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ ʈʰ ɖ̤ cʰ ɟ̤ kʰ ɡ̤ m n ɳ s h l ɭ r w j i u e o ɔ a ĩ ũ ẽ ɔ̃ ã","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ ʈʰ ɖ̤ cʰ ɟ̤ kʰ ɡ̤ m n s h l r w j pr tr kr dw ɡj nj","i u e o ɔ a ĩ ũ ẽ ɔ̃ ã","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ ʈʰ ɖ̤ cʰ ɟ̤ kʰ ɡ̤ m n ɳ s h l ɭ r j mp mb nt ɳʈ nc k ntʰ nd ɳɖ nɟ nɡ nd̤ ɳɖ̤ rp rcʰ rɟ","The Ganjami variety. It is unclear whether the vowel sequences are diphthongs or not. Here it is assumed they are not."
"kryt1240","kry","Kryz",48.1846,41.1811,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Authier, Gilles","2009","Grammaire kryz: Langue caucasique d'Azerbaïdjan, dialecte d'Alik [Kryz grammar: Caucasian language of Azerbaijan, dialect of Alik]","Peeters",,,,,,,,,"f s ʃ xʰ x h p t t͡ʃ k q pˀ tˀ t͡sˀ t͡ʃˀ kˀ qˀ ʔ b d d͡ʒ ɢ ʕ v z ʒ ɣ m n r l j kʷ kʲ kˀʷ ɡʷ qʷ qˀʲ qˀʷ ɢʷ i u e a","-","?","?","?",
"puoc1238","puo","Ksingmul",103.931,20.8862,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Pogibenko Погибенко, T. G. Т. Г. and Buy Буй, Kxan' Txe Кхань Тхе","1990","Jazyk Ksingmul: Materialy sovetsko-v'etnamskoj lingvisticheskoj èkspedicii 1979 goda Язык ксингмул: Материалы советско-вьетнамской лингвистической экспедиции 1979 года [Xingmul Language: Materials of the 1979 Soviet-Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition]","Nauka Наука",,,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ b d ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ s h w z m n ɲ ŋ l i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː ɔː ĩ ĩː ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː ũ ũː ẽ ẽː ə̃ ə̃ː õ õː ã ãː ɔ̃ː ḭ ḭː ɨ̰ ɨ̰ː ṵ ṵː ḛː ə̰ ə̰ː o̰ː a̰ː ɔ̰ː","-","# p t c k ʔ b d ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ s h w z m n ɲ ŋ l CC","i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː ɔː iə ɨə uə ĩ ĩː ɨ̃ ɨ̃ː ũ ũː ẽ ẽː ə̃ ə̃ː õ õː ã ãː ɔ̃ː ḭə̰ ḭː ɨ̰ə̰ ɨ̰ː ṵə̰ ṵː ḛː ə̰ː o̰ː a̰ː ɔ̰ː","# p t c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ l w j h","It is unclear what <ơ ư> represent. Here they are transcribed as <ə ɨ>. Nasalized vowels and creaky long vowels and diphthongs were briefly mentioned (pp. 22--23) without a comprehensive list of such vowels. Here it is assumed that all oral vowels have their nasalized counterparts and all long vowels and diphthongs their creaky counterparts."
"kuba1248",,"Kubachi",47.601843,42.08504,"Nakh-Daghestanian","ARTICLE","Vamling, Karina and Tchantouria, Revaz","1991","Sketch of the grammar of Kubachi: the simple sentence",,,,,"Working papers / Lund University, Department of Linguistics and Phonetics","221--236","38",,,"p t k q b d ɡ pː tː kː qː pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ ʔ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sː t͡ʃː t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ s ʃ x χ ħː h z ʒ ʁ ʕ sː ʃː xː χː m n l r w j a e i u aː eː iː uː","-","?","?","?",
"kuco1235","lkc","Kucong",101.25,22.26,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Chang 常, Junzhi 俊之 and Dai 戴, Qingxia 庆厦","2011","Yuánjiāng kǔcōng huà cānkǎo yǔfǎ 元江苦聪话参考语法 [Reference grammar of Yuan-jiang Kucong]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b m f v t tʰ d n l t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ɡ ŋ x ɣ i ɛ a ɔ u ʌ ɤ ɯ y","55 33 31 35","# p pʰ b m f v t tʰ d n l t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ɡ ŋ x ɣ","z i ɛ a ɔ u v ʌ ɤ ɯ y ai au ei iɛ iu iɔ ua uɛ ui uo ou iau ia","# ŋ",
"kuii1252","kxu","Kui (India)",83.5859,19.2043,"Dravidian","BOOK","Maheswaran, C.","2008","A descriptive grammar of the Kui language","Dravidian University",,,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ ʔ m n ɳ ŋ s ʂ h l ɾ ɽ ʋ j","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ ʔ m n ɳ s ʂ l ɾ ɽ ʋ j pɾ pɽ bl bɾ bɽ bj tl tɾ dɾ ʈɾ ʈɽ ɖɾ ɖɽ ɟɾ ɟɽ kl kɾ kɽ kj ɡl ɡɾ ɡɽ ml mɾ mɽ mj sl sɾ sɽ ɽɽ kʔ hʔ","i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ ʔ m n ɳ ŋ s ʂ h l ɾ ɽ ʋ j ɳɖ ŋɡ mb mn nd nɟ ɳʈ lɡ ɽn jŋ","It is unclear whether vowel clusters are diphthongs or heterosyllabic. Here they are not assumed to be diphthongs."
"kulu1253","kle","Kulung (Nepal)",87.5717,27.1606,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Tolsma, Gerard Jacobus","2006","A grammar of Kulung","Brill",,,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː p pʰ b m w t tʰ d n r l s t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z j k kʰ ɡ ŋ ʔ h",,"# p pʰ b m w t tʰ d n r l s t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z j k kʰ ɡ ŋ ʔ h","i iː u uː e eː ə əː o oː a aː ui ei əi oi ai iu eu ou au m ŋ","# p m t n r l s k ŋ CC","Although the source doesn't mention that glides do not appear as codas, I assume that they don't based on their absence in the glossary section (Appendix 3)."
"kuma1273","kfy","Kumaoni",80.0171,29.5622,"Indo-European","BOOK","Sharma, D. D.","1985","The Formation of Kumauni Language","Bahri Publications PVT. LTD.",,,,,,"1",,,"i u ɪ ə ʊ e o ɛ ʌ ɒ ɑ ɪ̃ ɛ̃ ʊ̃ ɒ̃ ɑ̃ p t c ʈ k pʰ tʰ cʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ŋ l ʎ r ɽ ç h w j","-","# p t c ʈ k pʰ tʰ cʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ŋ l ʎ r ɽ ç h w j pj tj ʈj cj kj pʰj tʰj ʈʰj cʰj kʰj bj dj ɖj ɟj ɡj b̤j d̤j ɖ̤j ɟ̤j ɡ̤j mj nj rj lj çj hj pw tw ʈw cw kw pʰw tʰw ʈʰw cʰw kʰw bw dw ɖw ɟw ɡw b̤w d̤w ɖ̤w ɟ̤w ɡ̤w mw rw lw cw hw rh lh hɽ","i u ɪ ə ʊ e o ɛ ʌ ɒ ɑ ɪ̃ ɛ̃ ʊ̃ ɒ̃ ɑ̃ ɑɪ̃ ʌɪ̃ oɪ̃ ɛɪ̃ ɪɪ̃ ʊɪ̃","# p t c ʈ k pʰ tʰ cʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɖ ɡ b̤ m n ɳ ŋ l ʎ r ɽ ç w j rp rt rc rk rpʰ rtʰ rcʰ rkʰ rdʰ rb rd rɟ rm rç rg̤ rɡ lp lt lʈ lc lcʰ lk lb ld lɟ lɡ ln ll lç nt nʈ nc ntʰ nʈʰ nd nɖ nɟ nd̤ nm nn nr nç mp mc mk mɟ mt md mb̤ mt mr ml mh mn mcʰ ml ŋt ŋɡ ŋk ŋkʰ ŋɡ ŋç bd bɟ bl ɽt çt çʈ çm ɡh dh",
"kuma1274","kmj","Kumarbhag Paharia",87.2699,24.1217,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Mahapatra, Bijaya Prasad","1976","The phonology and morphology of Malto (with ethnosemantic notes)",,"University of Calcutta",,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː p t ʈ t͡ɕ k q b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ ð s ʁ h r l ɾ w j","-","# p t ʈ t͡ɕ k q b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ ð s ʁ h r l ɾ w j","i u e o a iː eː aː oː uː","# p t ʈ t͡ɕ k q b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ ð s ʁ h r l ɾ w j pt pʈ pt͡ɕ ps pr pl pɽ pw pj bt͡ɕ bd͡ʑ bn br bl bɽ bj tɡ tʁ tr tl tɽ tw tj dɡ dq dm dn dʁ dr dl dɽ dw dj ʈk ʈɡ ʈn ʈs ʈʁ ʈr ʈl ʈɽ ʈw ʈj ɖk ɖɡ ɖɡ ɖr ɖw ɖj t͡ɕk t͡ɕɡ t͡ɕq t͡ɕm t͡ɕn t͡ɕʁ t͡ɕr t͡ɕl t͡ɕɽ t͡ɕw t͡ɕj d͡ʑn d͡ʑr d͡ʑl d͡ʑj kt kʈ km kn ks kr kl kɽ kw kj ɡt ɡd ɡɖ ɡt͡ɕ ɡd͡ʑ ɡn ɡs ɡr ɡl ɡɽ ɡj qt qr ql qɽ mb mʈ mɖ mt͡ɕ md͡ʑ mq mn ms mr ml mɽ mj np nd nʈ nɖ nk nɡ nq nð ns nɡ nl nw nj ɲd͡ʑ ŋʈ ŋɖ ŋɡ ŋq ŋn ŋs ŋʁ ŋr ŋl ŋɽ ŋj ðk ðɡ ðq ðʁ ðr ðw ðj st sʈ sk sɡ sq sm sn sʁ sr sl sɽ sw sj ʁʈ ʁt͡ɕ ʁr ʁl hb ht hd͡ʑ hn hs hr hl hɽ hw hj rp rb rt rd rt͡ɕ rd͡ʑ rk rɡ rq rm rn rŋ rs rʁ rl rɽ rw rj lp lb lt ld lʈ lt͡ɕ lk lɡ lq lm ln lŋ ls lʁ lh lr lw lj ɽp ɽb ɽt ɽd ɽt͡ɕ ɽk ɽɡ ɽq ɽm ɽn ɽŋ ɽs ɽʁ ɽl ɽw ɽj wd wɖ wd͡ʑ wk wɡ wq wn ws wʁ wr wl wɽ wj jt jd jʈ jk jr jl mbr mbl mbɽ mbj ndk ndʁ ndr ndl ndɽ ndw nɖɡ nɖr nɖɽ nɖj ɲd͡ʑp ɲd͡ʑq ɲd͡ʑr ɲd͡ʑl ɲd͡ʑɽ ɲd͡ʑw ŋɡd ŋɡd͡ʑ ŋɡl ɽmb hnd jnd hnɖ ʈŋɡ hŋɡ lŋɡ ɽŋɡ drɡ drm ʈɡl mɡl mql nql nðj str sʁn sʁl sɽɽ hɽj lkr lŋr ɽpl ɽkj ɽql wqr mbql mbrɽ nɖql nɖrk ɲd͡ʑql ɲd͡ʑqlð jn ʈŋ hŋ mɡ nð mbq nɖq","According to the source, medial clusters can form coda clusters by sentence-internal vowel apocope, such as /mel.qe/ `throat' > /melq.moː.t͡ɕu/ `cut throat'. While it is unclear whether all medial clusters can become coda clusters, here it is assumed that they can."
"kumy1244","kum","Kumyk",47,43,"Turkic","BOOK","Levitskaja Левитская, L. S. Л. С.","1997","Kumykskij jazyk Кумыский язык [Kumyk language]","Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Jazykozanija Российская Академия Наук, Институт Языкознания",,"Язык мира: тюркские языки Jazyk mira: tjurkskie jazyki [Languages of the world: Turkic languages]","Tenishev Тенишев, E. R. Е. Р.",,"319--327",,,,"i y ɯ u e ø ɑ o ɛ b p d t ɟ c k β f z̪ s̪ z s ɣ x ʁ d͡z t͡s m n ŋ l r","-","# C","i y ɯ u e ø ɑ o ɛ","# C RP FP","``Guttural (гортанные) voiced fricative'' interpreted as /ʁ/."
"kumz1235","zum","Kumzari",56.4202,26.1602,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","van der Wal Anonby, Christina","2015","A grammar of Kumzari: a mixed Perso-Arabian language of Oman",,"Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden",,,,,,,,"iː ɪ eː uː u oː a aː p b t d tˠ dˠ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ k ɡ q ʔ f s sˠ zˠ ɕ χ ʁ ħ h m n w l r lˠ j","-","p b t d tˠ dˠ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ q ʔ f s sˠ zˠ ʃ χ ʁ ħ h m n w l ɻ lˠ j [pbtdtˠdˠt͡ʃd͡ʒkɡqʔfssˠzˠʃχʁħmnlɻ][pbtdtˠdˠt͡ʃd͡ʒkɡqʔfssˠzˠʃχʁħhmnwlɻj]","iː ɪ eː uː u oː a aː","# p b t d tˠ dˠ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ q ʔ f s sˠ zˠ ʃ χ ʁ ħ h m n w l lˠ ɻ j [pbtdtˠdˠd͡ʒkɡqʔfssˠzˠʃχʁħhmnwllˠɻj][pbtdtˠdˠt͡ʃd͡ʒkɡqʔfssˠzˠʃχʁħmnllˠɻj] t͡ʃt͡ʃ ww",
"kurt1248","xkz","Kurtokha",90.9822,27.5365,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Hyslop, Gwendolyn","2011","A grammar of Kurtöp",,"University of Oregon",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d ʈ ʈʰ ɖ c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ t͡s t͡sʰ s z ɕ m n ɲ ŋ l ɬ r w j h i u e o ɑ iː uː eː oː ɑː","H L","p pʰ b t tʰ d ʈ ʈʰ ɖ c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ t͡s t͡sʰ s z ç m n ɲ ŋ l l̥ r w j h pr pl pj pʰj pʰr br bj bl mr mj kw kʰw ɡw","i u e o ɑ iː uː eː oː ɑː iu ui oi ɑu","# p t k s m n ŋ r l",
"kuru1301","kru","Kurukh",86.46568,24.46442,"Dravidian","BOOK","Kobayashi, Masato and Tirkey, Bablu","2017","The Kurux Language: Grammar, Texts, and Lexicon","Brill",,,,,,,,,"a e i o u aː iː uː eː oː ã ĩ ũ ẽ õ ãː ĩː ũː ẽː õː p t ʈ t͡ʃ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ d͡ʒ̤ ɡ̤ s x h m n ɲ ŋ l ɾ ɽ ɽʰ w j","-","# p t ʈ t͡ʃ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ d͡ʒ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ɲ ɾ ɽ ɽʰ l j w s x h ʔ","a e i o u aː iː uː eː oː ã ĩ ũ ẽ õ ãː ĩː ũː ẽː õː ai au oi","# p t ʈ t͡ʃ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ b d ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ d͡ʒ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ ŋ ɾ ɽ ɽʰ l w s x h ʔ CC","The phonemic status of /ɲ/ is uncertain (p. 36)."
"kuvi1243","kxv","Kuvi",83.7552,18.8832,"Dravidian","BOOK","Israel, Motchakon","1979","A Grammar of the Kuvi Language","Dravidian Linguistics Association",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s m n ɳ ŋ l r ɽ w j h i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã","-","# p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s m n ɳ l r ɽ w j h CC","i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã","# p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s m n ɳ ŋ l r ɽ w j h RC","The source gives a list of consonant clusters without distinguishing word-initial and word-medial clusters. Most of the examples given for the clusters depict medial clusters. Here, all the listed clusters are analyzed as medial clusters, while acknowledging the presence of CC as initial cluster."
"kuyy1240","kdt","Kuy",104.911,14.6698,"Austroasiatic","MASTERSTHESIS","Yantreesingh, Pailin","1980","The phonology of the Kuay language of Suphanburi with comparison to the Kuy language",,"Mahidol University",,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ b d m n ɲ ŋ s h l r w j i iː ḭ ḭː e eː ḛ ḛː ɛ ɛː ɛ̰ ɛ̰ː ɨ ɨː ɨ̰ ɨ̰ː ə əː ə̰ ə̰ː a aː a̰ a̰ː u uː ṵ ṵː o oː o̰ o̰ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̰ ɔ̰ː","-","p t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ b d m n ɲ ŋ s h l r w j pl pʰl bl kl kʰl hl pr br tr t͡ɕr kr hr","i iː ḭ ḭː e eː ḛ ḛː ɛ ɛː ɛ̰ ɛ̰ː ɨ ɨː ɨ̰ ɨ̰ː ɘ ɘː ɘ̰ ɘ̰ a aː a̰ a̰ː u uː ṵ ṵː o oː o̰ o̰ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̰ ɔ̰ː ia ḭa̰ ɨa ɨ̰a̰ ua ṵa̰ m n ɲ ŋ","# p m w t n l r j c ɲ k ŋ ʔ h",
"kyer1238","kgy","Kyerung",85.4257,28.2922,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Huber, Brigitte","2005","The Tibetan Dialect of Lende (Kyirong): A grammatical description with historical annotations","VGH Wissenschaftsverag",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ s ɕ h z ʑ ɦ m n ɲ ŋ l ɬ r w j i iː ĩː y yː ỹː u uː ũː e eː ẽː ø øː ø̃ː o oː õː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ː a aː ãː","H M L HF MF LF","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ s ɕ h z ʑ ɦ m n ɲ ŋ l ɬ r w j pr pʰr br pj pʰj","i iː ĩː y yː ỹː u uː ũː e eː ẽː ø øː ø̃ː o oː õː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ː a aː ãː","# p k m ŋ r j",
"lach1248","lbt","Lachi",104.776,22.8549,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Kosaka, Ryuichi","2000","A descriptive study of the Lachi Language: Syntactic Description, Historical Reconstruction and Genetic Relation",,"Tokyo University of Foreign Studies",,,,,,,,"p t c k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b f s ɕ h w w̃ j m n ɲ i ə u e a o ɛ ɑ ɔ ĩ ə̃ ũ ẽ ã õ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ɔ̃","43 23 45 21 22","p t c k q ʔ pj tj kw pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ pʰj tʰj kʰw b bj f s ɕ h w j m n ɲ mj nj ŋw l lj","m ŋw ʔm ʔŋw i ə u e a o ɛ ɑ ɔ ĩ ə̃ ũ ẽ ã õ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ɔ̃ VV","# m w w̃ n ŋ j p t","Vowel cluster appear in Vietnamese loanwords (p. 18). Here they are assumed to be diphthongs."
"ladi1250","lld","Ladin",11.89498,46.60651,"Indo-European","MASTERSTHESIS","Chiocchetti, Armin","2016","Fonetiska och fonologiska ljudförändringar i ladinska i Val di Fassa [Phonetic and phonological sound changes in Ladino in Val di Fassa]",,"Uppsala Universitet",,,,,,,,"m n ɲ p b t d k ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ f v s z ʂ ʐ j r l i u e o ɛ ɔ a","-","?","?","?",
"ladi1251","lad","Ladino",28.6632,41.205,"Indo-European","BOOK","Sala, Marius","1971","Phonétique et phonologie du judéo-espagnol de Bucarest","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"a e i o u p b t d k ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡s d͡z f v s z ɕ ʑ x m n l r","-","# p b t d k ɡ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡s d͡z f v s z ɕ ʑ x m n l r pl bl kl ɡl fl pr br kr ɡr tr fr vr xr sk sp ɕp sx zb zv st dr","a e i o u ia ie ii io iu ua ue uo ai au ei eu oi ui","# p b t d k ɡ t͡ɕ t͡s f v s z ɕ ʑ x m n l r nk rd rt ɕk ns",
"lahu1253","lhu","Lahu",100.214,21.2701,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Matisoff, James A.","1982","The Grammar of Lahu","University of California Press",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k q pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ŋ f ɕ h v ʑ ɣ l i ɨ u e ə o ɛ a ɔ","33 21 54 11 45 54ˀ 21ˀ","# p t t͡ɕ k q pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ qʰ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ŋ f ɕ h v ʑ ɣ l","i ɨ u e ə o ɛ a ɔ VV","#",
"lakk1252","lbe","Lak",47.0809,42.1328,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Friedman, Victor A.","2020","Lak","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford handbook of languages of the Caucasus","Polinsky, Maria",,"201--241",,,,"b d ɡ p t k q ʔ pˀ tˀ kˀ qˀ pː tː kː qː t͡s c͡ç t͡sˀ c͡çˀ t͡sː c͡çː z ʝ ʁ ʕ s ç x χ ħ h sː çː xː χː w j m l ɾ a i u aˤ iˤ uˤ","-","C","a i u æˤ eˤ œˤ","# C RT jR wR",
"lakk1238","lbc","Lakkia",110.106,24.1169,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Fan, Wenjia","2019","A Grammar of Lakkja, South China",,"University of Melbourne",,,,,,,,"i y u e ə o ɛ a z ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã õ ũ ə̃ iː eː ĩː ɛː ɛ̃ː aː ãː oː õː əː uː ũː p t t͡s k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ kʰ b m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ f s h w j l l̥","51 231 24 11 55 214","p t t͡s k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ kʰ b m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ f s h w j l l̥ t͡sʰw tw sw kw kʰw ŋw jw hw kj kʰj ŋj ŋ̥j hj pl pʰl bl ml","i y u e ə o ɛ ã ɨ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã õ ũ ŋ ie iːu ieːu iẽ ĩːu ei ɛu ɛːu ɛ̃ːu ai aːi aːu au ãi ãu ãːi ãːu ou oːi õːi uə uəːi uːi ui ũːi uə̃ ieːu uəːi","# m n ŋ p t k","The source presents /i y e ɨ u/ as possible vowel codas but the meaning of it was unclear. Only consonant codas are listed here."
"lamb1269","lmn","Lambadi",76.9717,16.5734,"Indo-European","BOOK","Trail, Ronald L.","1970","The grammar of Lamani","Summer Institute of Linguistics",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ t͡s t͡ʃ k b d ɖ d͡z ɡ s ʃ h m n ɳ ŋ l ɭ ɾ w j i u e ə o a ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ã","-","# p t ʈ t͡s t͡ʃ k b d ɖ d͡z ɡ s h m n ɳ ŋ l ɭ ɾ w j ph th ʈh t͡sh kh bh dh ɖh d͡zh ɡh wh kw ɡw tj ʈj t͡sj kj dj ɖj d͡zj ɡj sj nj ɳj lj ɭj ɾj","i u e ə o a ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ã","# p t ʈ t͡s k b d ɖ d͡z ɡ s m n ɳ ŋ l ɭ ɾ w j st jl jn ks ɖɖ nn",
"hela1238","scp","Lamjung-Melamchi Yolmo",85.6289,27.9212,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Gawne, Lauren","2016","A sketch grammar of Lamjung Yolmo","Asia-Pacific Linguistics",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d ʈ ʈʰ ɖ c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ s z ɕ ʑ h t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ l̥ ɹ̥ l ɹ w j i iː e eː a aː ɔ ɔː u uː","H L","# p pʰ b t tʰ d ʈ ʈʰ ɖ c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ s z ɕ ʑ h t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ l̥ ɹ̥ l ɹ w j pɹ bɹ kɹ pj pʰj sw kw tʰw ɹw","i iː e eː a aː ɔ ɔː u uː","# p k l ɹ w m n ŋ",
"laoo1244","lao","Lao",102.46,19,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Enfield, Nick James","2007","A Grammar of Lao","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d f s h m n ɲ ŋ l w j i iː ɯ ɯː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː","M HR LR HF MF","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d f s h m n ɲ ŋ l w j","i iː ɯ ɯː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː ia ua ɯa","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j",
"lash1243","lsi","Lashi",98.5481,26.0992,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Dai 載, Qingxia 庆厦 and Li 李, Jie 洁","2007","Leqiyu Yanjiu 勒期语研究 [Leqi language]","Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe 中央民族大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m pʲ pʰʲ mʲ f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ ʒ k kʰ ŋ x ɣ kʲ kʰʲ ŋʲ xʲ j w ʔ z i e ɛ a o u ə y ʒ ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ ə̰ zː iː eː ɛː aː ɔː uː əː yː ʒ̰ ḭː ɛ̰ː a̰ː ɔ̰ː ṵː ə̰ː y̰ː","55 33 53 31","# p pʰ m pʲ pʰʲ mʲ f v t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ ʒ k kʰ ŋ x ɣ kʲ kʰʲ ŋʲ xʲ j w","i e ɛ a o u ə y ʒ ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ ə̰ zː iː eː ɛː aː ɔː u: əː yː ʒ̰ ḭː ɛ̰ː a̰ː ɔ̰ː ṵː ə̰ː y̰ː ḛi eːi ḛːi aːi a̰ːi ɔi ɔ̰i ɔːi ɔ̰ːi ui ua uɛ au aːu a̰ːu ou o̰u iau ia̰ ua̰","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ",
"latv1249","lav","Latvian",24.309118,56.826108,"Indo-European","BOOK","Karins, A Krisjanis","1996","The prosodic structure of Latvian","University of Pennsylvania",,,,,,,,,"p b t d c ɟ k ɡ m n ɲ r f v s z ʃ ʒ x j l ʎ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ i u ɛ ɔ æ a iː uː ɛː ɔː æː aː","H L","# C pr pl pʎ br bl bʎ tr tv dr dv kr kl kʎ kn kɲ kv ɡr ɡl ɡʎ n ɡv sp st sk sl sm sn sv ʃc ʃr ʃʎ ʃm ʃɲ ʃv zn zv ʒɲ ʒv vr spr spl spʎ str skr skl ʃpr ʃpl ʃpʎ ʃtr","i u ɛ ɔ æ a iː uː ɛː ɔː æː aː ia ɛi ɛu ai au ui uɔ iu ɔi ɔu R","# C CC CCC CCCC","<ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ> are classified as ``alveolar'' but I assume them to be palato-alveolar."
"lave1248","lbo","Laven",106.322,15.2726,"Austroasiatic","MASTERSTHESIS","Jacq, Pascale","2001","A description of Jruq (Loven): a Mon-Khmer language of the Lao PDR",,"Australian National University",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ p t c k ʔ b d ɟ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ w l j r s h i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ʌ ɔ a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː ɛː ʌː ɔː aː","-","pʰ tʰ kʰ p t c k ʔ b d ɟ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ w l j r s h [bdɟɡ][rl] sr sʔ sw hp ht hk hʔ hb hd h hɡ hm hn hɲ hŋ hw hl hj hr pʰC tʰC kʰC pC tC cC kC ʔC pcr psr hkr hbr tpl tbl kdr kbr pdr ʔbr ʔdr ʔɡlo smʔ kml","i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ʌ ɔ a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː ɛː ʌː ɔː aː ie ɨə uo ia ua","# p t c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ w l j r s h","Short monophthongs and long monophthongs are transcribed in the source as extra short vowels and normal vowels. Here I transcribe them as normal vowels and long vowels."
"lazz1240","lzz","Laz",41.9096,41.5004,"Kartvelian","PHDTHESIS","Lacroix, René","2009","Description du dialecte laze d'Arhavi (caucasique du sud, Turquie): Grammaire et textes [Description of the Laz dialect of Arhavi (South Caucasian, Turkey): Grammar and texts]",,"Université Lumière Lyon 2",,,,,,,,"i u e o a p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sˀ t͡ʃˀ d͡ʒ d͡ʒˀ s ʃ χ h z ʒ ʁ m n l ʋ ɹ j","-","# p t k pˀ tˀ kˀ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sˀ t͡ʃˀ d͡ʒ d͡ʒ s ʃ χ h z ʒ ʁ m n l ʋ ɹ j t͡ʃχ t͡sχ d͡zʁ t͡ʃʋ t͡ʃk d͡ʒɡ t͡ʃkˀ χʋ sʋ ʃʋ sk ʃk st zd nd͡ʒ nt͡ʃ nt͡ʃˀ nt͡s nt͡sˀ md͡ʒ md͡ʒˀ ms mx mz mʒ mʁ nd nt ntˀ nɡ nk nkˀ mb mpˀ mt mtˀ mɡ mkˀ kt͡ʃ kt͡s ɡz ɡʋ kʋ kˀʋ ks ɡn tk dɡ kt bɡ bɹ pˀl tˀɹ ɹd ɡj ndʁ ntχ nt͡ʃχ nt͡sχ nɡɹ nɡj md͡ʒʋ mʒʋ mt͡ʃχ mt͡χkˀ mkʋ msk msʋ mʃk mt͡skˀ mkˀj t͡ʃχʋ t͡ʃkʋ tkʋ stʋ mskʋ mt͡ʃχʋ pt͡ʃ pt͡ʃˀ bd͡ʒ bd͡z pt͡sˀ ptˀ pkˀ ɡb ɡd͡z kt͡sˀ ptkˀ bd͡ʒɡ pt͡ʃkˀ pt͡ʃʋ pt͡ʃχ bd͡zɡ bʒl pst ptχ pts pχɹ kt͡ʃkˀ kχʋ","i u e o a","# C nk ms ns ɹs ls rt mt lt nt",
"lada1244","lbj","Leh Ladakhi",80.6013,33.468,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Koshal, Sanyukta","1979","Ladakhi Grammar","Motilal Banarsidass",,,,,,,,,"i u ə e o p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç t͡sʰ c͡çʰ d͡z ɟ͡ʝ s ʂ ç h z ʝ r l l̥ m n ɲ ŋ w j","-","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s c͡ç t͡sʰ c͡çʰ d͡z ɟ͡ʝ s ʂ ç h z ʝ r l l̥ m n ɲ ŋ w j kj kʰj ɡj ɲj sp st sk sm sn sɲ sŋ ʂt ʂk ʂm ʂn ʂɲ ʂŋ zb zd zɡ rt rt͡s rb rd rɡ rɟ͡ʝ lp lt lc͡ç ld lɡ lɟ͡ʝ lz bc͡ç kç ɡɲ ks bd bʝ rɡ brɡj mtʰ mkʰ mt͡sʰ skj ʂkj rɡj","i u ə e o","# p t k s m n ŋ r l ks ps ms ŋs ts ns rs ls",
"lepc1244","lep","Lepcha",88.5726,27.0869,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Sinhā, Prabhakar","1966","A descriptive grammar of Lepcha",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i ʉ u e ɤ ə o ɛ a ɔ iː ʉː uː eː ɤː əː oː ɛː aː ɔː ĩ ʉ̃ ũ ẽ ɤ̃ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃ ĩː ʉ̃ː ũː ẽː ɤ̃ː ə̃ː õː ɛ̃ː ãː ɔ̃ː p t t͡s ʈ t͡ɕ k b d d͡z ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ r l f s ʃ v z ʒ h j","LR HF","# p t t͡s ʈ t͡ɕ k b d d͡z ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ r l f s ʃ v z ʒ h j ph pl pr pj th tr tj ts t͡sh ʈh ʈj t͡ɕh kh kl kr kj ks bl br bj dj ɖj ɡl ɡr ɡj ml mj ŋr lj ld͡ʑ rj fl fr fj vj st͡s st sk sb sd sɲ sn sr sl sv sh sm hl hr hj plj phj thj ʈhj khj mlj flj frj hlj hrj sth blj brj ɡlj prj klj","i ʉ u e ɤ ə o ɛ a ɔ iː ʉː uː eː ɤː əː oː ɛː aː ɔː ĩ ʉ̃ ũ ẽ ɤ̃ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã ɔ̃ ĩː ʉ̃ː ũː ẽː ɤ̃ː ə̃ː õː ɛ̃ː ãː ɔ̃ː","# p t k b d ɡ l r m n ŋ","It is unclear whether all oral vowels have nasal counterparts. Here it is assumed that they do. The list of triconsonantal onset cluseters is assuemed to be comprehensive."
"lezg1247","lez","Lezgian",47.8951,41.5157,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Haspelmath, Martin","1993","A Grammar of Lezgian","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"b d ɡ ɡʷ pʰ tʰ tʰʷ t͡sʰ t͡sʰʷ t͡ʃʰ kʰ kʰʷ qʰ qʰʷ p t tʷ t͡s t͡sʷ t͡ʃ k kʷ q qʷ pʼ tʼ tʼʷ t͡sʼ t͡sʼʷ t͡ʃʼ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ qʼʷ z zʷ ʒ ʁ ʁʷ f s sʷ ʃ x χ χʷ m n l r w j h ʔ i y u e æ a","-","# C CC CCC","i y u e æ a","# C CC",
"lhom1239","lhm","Lhomi",87.7161,27.5948,"Sino-Tibetan","MISC","Vesalainen, Olavi","2014","A grammar sketch of Lhomi",,,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ s ɕ h l l̥ ɹ m n ŋ w j i y u e ø o a iː aː uː oː","L H","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ s ɕ h l l̥ ɹ m n ŋ w j","i y u e ø o a iː aː uː oː","# C",
"lian1251","njn","Liangmai Naga",93.542,25.16,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Widinibou","2011","A descriptive analysis of Liangmai",,"Assam University",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a p pʰ b t tʰ d c͡ç k kʰ ɡ m n ŋ s h z r l w j","R M F","# p pʰ b t tʰ d c͡ç k kʰ ɡ m n ŋ s h z r l w j pr pl kr kl kj kʰr sk sl ɡr tr sw zw","i u e ə o a iu ui ua ai əi ei ao oi ou","# p b t d k m n ŋ h w s nt mp nd ns",
"ligu1248","lij","Ligurian",7.90522,44.0816,"Indo-European","BOOK","Toso, Fiorenzo","1997","Grammatica del genovese: Varietà urbana e di koiné [Grammar of Genovese: Urban variety and koine]","Le Mani",,,,,,,,,"a ɛ ɔ e ø i u y aː ɛː ɔː eː øː iː uː yː p b t d k ɡ f v s z ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ r l","-","?","a ɛ ɔ e ø i u y aː ɛː ɔː eː øː iː uː yː VV","?",
"limb1266","lif","Limbu",87.8859,27.2703,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","van Driem, George","1987","A Grammar of Limbu","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"k kʰ ŋ t͡ɕ t tʰ n p pʰ b m j r l w s ɦ ʔ i iː eː ɛ ɛː ə a aː ʌ ʌː oː u uː","-","# k kʰ t͡ɕ t tʰ n p pʰ m j l w s h ʔ ŋ Cj Cw Cl","i iː eː ɛ ɛː ə a aː ʌ ʌː oː u uː","# k ŋ t tʰ n p pʰ b m ʔ l",
"lish1246","trg","Lishán Didán",44.37,36.23,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Khan, Geoffrey","2008","The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Urmi","Gorgias",,,,,,,,,"p t k q ʔ b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ x h w z ʒ j ɣ m n l ɾ i ɪ e a i y","ˠ","# C CC","i ɪ e a i y","# C CC","There is suprasegmental velarization which lowers the F2 of all the segments of a word or its first few segments. Here it is interpreted as a tone and transcribed as <ˠ>."
"lish1247","lsd","Lishana Deni",35.2225,31.7745,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Mutzafi, Hezy","2008","The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Betanure (Province of Dihok)","Otto Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"b bˤ d dˤ ɡ p pˤ t t?# k q ʔ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃˤ v ð ðˤ z zˤ ʒ ʁ ʕ f θ s sˤ ʃ x ħ h m mˤ n l lˤ ɾ rˤ w j iː eː aː oː uː a ə u","-","?","iː eː aː oː uː a ə u","?",
"lish1245","aij","Lishanid Noshan",44.065281,36.213298,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Khan, Geoffrey","1999","A Grammar of Neo-Aramaic: The Dialect of the Jews of Arbel","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡s k q ʔ b d d͡z ɡ tˤ f s ʃ x ħ h z ɣ ʕ sˤ m n l ɾ w j i e a aː o u","-","p t t͡s k q ʔ b d d͡z ɡ tˤ f s ʃ x ħ h z ɣ ʕ sˤ m n l ɾ w j CC","i e a aː o u","# p t t͡s k q ʔ b d d͡z ɡ tˤ f s ʃ x ħ h z ɣ ʕ sˤ m n l ɾ w j CC",
"lisu1250","lis","Lisu",98.94,26.91,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Roop, Delagnel Haigh","1970","A Grammar of the Lisu Language",,"Yale University",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ kʰ p t t͡s k ʔ b d d͡z ɡ m n ŋ f s h v z ɣ l w j ɨ e ø æ ʊ ɛ a ɔ","55 54 33 34 11 113","# pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ kʰ p t t͡s k ʔ b d d͡z ɡ m n ŋ f s h v z ɣ l w j pʰw pw bw mw fw vw tʰw tw dw nw lw t͡sʰw t͡sw d͡zw sw zw kʰw kw ɡw ŋw hw ɣw kʰj kj ɡj nj sj","m n ŋ l ɨ e ø æ ʊ ɛ a ɔ ɨa ea øa ʊa ɨe øe æe ʊe ɛe ae ɔe ɨʊ eʊ øʊ æʊ ʊʊ ɛʊ aʊ ɔʊ","# n ŋ",
"lith1251","lit","Lithuanian",23.9601,55.1429,"Indo-European","BOOK","Vytautas, Ambrazas and Geniušienė, Emma and Girdenis, Aleksas and Sližienė, Nijolė and Tekorienė, Dalija and Valeckienė, Adelė and Valiulytė, Elena","2006","Lithuanian Grammar","Institute of Lithuanian Language",,,,,,,,"2","p b t d k ɡ pʲ bʲ kʲ ɡʲ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡sʲ d͡zʲ t͡ʃʲ d͡ʒʲ s z ʃ ʒ sʲ zʲ ʃʲ ʒʲ v j vʲ m n mʲ nʲ l lʲ r rʲ f x ɣ fʲ xʲ ɣʲ iː eː æː ɑː oː uː ɪ ɛ a ʊ ɔ","F R","# C [sʃzʒ][ptkbdɡ] [ptkbdɡ][jlmnrv] [sʃzʒ][jlmnrv] [sʃzʒ][ptkbdɡ][jlrv]","iː eː æː ɑː oː uː ɪ ɛ a ʊ ɔ iɛ uɔ aɪ aʊ ɛɪ ʊɪ ɛʊ ɔɪ ɔʊ ɪl ɪr ɪm ɪn ɛl ɛr ɛm ɛn ʊl ʊr ʊm ʊn al ar am an Vj Vv","# C [jlmnrv][sʃzʒ] [jlmnrv][ptkbdɡ] [ptkbdɡ][sʃzʒ] [jlmnrv][ptkbdɡ][sʃzʒ]",
"lomb1257","lmo","Lombard",9.39509,45.8817,"Indo-European","BOOK","Nicoli, Franco","1983","Grammatica Milanese [Milanese grammar]","Bramante editrice",,,,,,,,,"a ɒ ã b k t͡ʃ d ɛ e ẽ f ɡ d͡ʒ ʒ i ĩ l m n ŋ ɲ ɔ œ p r s z ʃ t u ũ y ỹ v ʎ","-","?","?","?",
"acha1249","acn","Longchuan Achang",97.7438,24.3479,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Dai 戴, Qingxia 庆厦 and Cong 丛, Tiehua 铁华 and Jiang 蒋, Ying 颖 and Li 李, Jie 洁","2005","Xiandaoyu yanjiu 仙岛语研究 [A study of Xiandao]","Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe 中央民族大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m m̥ f v t tʰ n n̥ l l̥ t͡s t͡sʰ s ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ ʐ k kʰ ŋ ŋ̥ x j ʔ z kʲ kʰʲ ŋʲ ŋ̥ʲ xʲ","55 31 35 51","# p pʰ m m̥ f v t tʰ n n̥ l l̥ t͡s t͡sʰ s ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ ʐ k kʰ ŋ ŋ̥ x kj kʰj ŋj ŋ̥j xj j pʐ pʰʐ mʐ m̥ʐ tʐ tʰʐ kʐ kʰʐ ŋʐ xʐ ɣʐ","n z i e ɛ a ɔ o u ɤ ɯ ai ɔi ui iu au iau ia ua","# m n ŋ p t k ʔ","Rhoticized consonants (/Cʐ/) are treated as consonant clusters, contra the monophonemic analysis of the source, as they are absent in PanPhon."
"lowe1385","dsb","Lower Sorbian",13.9407,51.6621,"Indo-European","BOOK","Stone, Gerald","1993","Sorbian","Routledge",,"The Slovanic languages","Comrie, Bernard and Corbett, Greville G.",,"593--685",,,,"i e ɛ a ɔ o u p pʲ t k b bʲ d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ʃ f s ɕ ʃ x h w wʲ v z ʑ ʒ m mʲ n nʲ l r rʲ j","-","?","?","?","``Alveolar'' sibilants (transcribed as <tʃ ʃ ʒ>) are interpreted as alveolo-palatal, whereas ``pre-palatal'' (also transcribed as <tʃ ʃ ʒ>) are interpreted as palato-alveolar."
"mace1250","mkd","Macedonian",21.7932,41.5957,"Indo-European","BOOK","Groen, B. M.","1977","A structural description of the Macedonian dialect of Dihovo: phonology, morphology, texts, lexicon","The Peter de Ridder Press",,,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a b p v f m d t z s n r l ʝ ç ʎ j ɡ k","-","# b p v f m d t z s n r l ʝ ç ʎ j ɡ k br bl bʎ dv dz dʝ dn dr dl ɡn ɡr ɡl ɡʎ ɡj vd vn vr vl vʎ vj zb zd zɡ zm zn zl ʝn pr pl pʎ pj tv tk ts tç tr tl tʎ kv kn kr kl kʎ kj fn fr sv sp st sk sm sn sl sʎ sj çv çp çt çk çn mn mr ml mʎ dzv dʝv dʝm tsv tçm tçp pts zdr zɡr zɡl skl skr str smr spr spʎ ʝdr çkr çkj dʎ km çm","r i u e ə o a","# b p v f m d t z s n r l ʝ ç ʎ j ɡ k kt kj ts tç ft nt nj rt lk lt ln jt jf js jç jn rtç","The source does not mention whether the vowel sequences are homosyllabic. Here they are interpreted as heterosyllabic."
"maga1260","mag","Magahi",85.3335,25.0915,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Sinha, Anil Chandra","1966","Phonology and morphology of a Magahi dialect",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o ɛ a ɔ ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã iː uː p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ l r s h w j","-","# p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ m n l r s h w j ph t̪r t̪h t̪j th tr ch kj kh kl bh bj d̪h d̪w dh ɟh ɡl ɡr ɡh ɡw ɡj ml mj nj sl sr sj sw CCC","i u e ə o ɛ a ɔ ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ã iː uː","# p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ l r s h w j pt ph t̪h t̪r th ch kt ks kh kj bd̪ bɟ bh bj d̪h d̪r ɟh ɟj ɡh nt nc nd̪ nɟ ns ŋk ŋɡ nj lp lt ld ls rp rt̪ rc rk rb rd̪ rɟ rɡ rm rn rs rh rl st̪ st sk sm sj ht hj wp wt̪ wk wɟ wm wn wr jt̪ jb jd̪ jn js jh jr jl CCC",
"mait1250","mai","Maithili",86.2211,26.3817,"Indo-European","BOOK","Ramawatar Yadav","1996","A Reference Grammar of Maithili","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"i e æ ə a u ɔ o ĩ ũ ẽ õ æ̃ ə̃ ã ɔ̃ p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ m n ɾ s l h","-","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ m n ɾ s l h pɾ bɾ b̤ɾ tɾ dɾ d̤ɾ ʈɾ ɖɾ kɾ ɡɾ ɡ̤ɾ pl kl ɡl sp spʰ st stʰ sʈ sk sɾ sl sm sn mɾ nɾ ml hɾ stɾ smɾ","i e æ ə a u ɔ o ĩ ũ ẽ õ æ̃ ə̃ ã ɔ̃ iæ iə ia io iu eu əi əe əa əu ai ae ao au oi oe oa ui ua iau əuæ iəu əia əua uia","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ m n ɾ s l h pt bd bd̤ bɟ͡ʝ kt kʈ kʰt ɡd̤ ɡɟ͡ʝ ts ks pɾ bɾ tɾ dɾ ɟ͡ʝɾ kɾ ɡɾ tl kl tm dm km kʰm pn tn ɡn ɡ̤n sp st stʰ sʈ sɾ sm sn ɾp ɾpʰ ɾb ɾb̤ ɾt ɾtʰ ɾd ɾd̤ ɾʈ ɾɖ ɾc͡ç ɾɟ͡ʝ ɾk ɾkʰ ɾɡ ɾɡ̤ lp lpʰ ld lɖ lk mp mpʰ mb mb̤ nt nd nd̤ nʈ nɖ nɖ̤ nc͡ç nɟ͡ʝ ɾs ns ɾm lm mɾ ml mn nm ɾh lh mh nh","``The use of consonant clusters, especially in initial and final positions, denotes a marked degree of formality and the speaker's knowledge of languages like Sanskrit, Hindi-Urdu, and English. Uneducated speakers of Maithili use the least number of clusters'' (p. 31)."
"mala1533","mcm","Malacca-Batavia Portuguese Creole",102.262059,2.188087,"Indo-European","BOOK","Maurer, Philippe","2011","The former Portuguese Creole of Batavia and Tugu (Indonesia)","Battlebridge",,,,,,,,,"a e i o u j w p t k b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s v m n ɲ ŋ l r","-","# C","a e i o u ja jo wa aj ej oj aw iw","# k l m n ŋ p r s t","Onset consonant clusters were not listed as they tended to be resolved via vowel epenthesis or liquid deletion in the Tugu variety."
"mala1463","mjr","Malavedan",77.2038,8.85517,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Hyrunnisa Beegum, A.","1991","Language of Malavedas",,"University of Kerala",,,,,,,,"i e a u o iː eː aː uː oː iː p t̪ d t ʈ c ɟ k m n ɳ ɲ l ɭ ɾ ʋ j s pː t̪ː dː tː ʈː cː ɟː kː mː nː ɳː ɲː lː ɭː ɾː ʋː jː sː","-","# p t̪ d t ʈ c ɟ k m n ɳ ɲ l ɭ ɾ ʋ j s pː t̪ː dː tː ʈː cː ɟː kː mː nː ɳː ɲː lː ɭː ɾː ʋː jː sː pt pɭ tl sn kɭ kt mt ʋɾ ʋj st̪ t̪t ɾj ɾt","i e a u o iː eː aː uː oː iː","# p t̪ d t ʈ c ɟ k m n ɳ ɲ l ɭ ɾ ʋ j s pː t̪ː dː tː ʈː cː ɟː kː mː nː ɳː ɲː lː ɭː ɾː ʋː jː sː",
"mala1464","mal","Malayalam",76.7651,9.59208,"Dravidian","BOOK","R. E. Asher and T. C. Kumari","1997","Malayalam","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p t̪ t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ʂ ʃ h m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɾ r l ɭ ɻ ʋ j i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː","-","# p t̪ t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ʂ ʃ h m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɾ r l ɭ ʋ j kj kɾ kl kʋ kʂ kɭ ɡj ɡɾ ɡɭ cj ɟɲ ɟj ɟʋ ʈɾ ɖɾ t̪j t̪ɾ t̪ʋ dj dɾ dʋ nj pj pɾ pl pʂ ps pɭ pr bɾ bl mj mɾ ml mɭ ʋj ʋɾ ʃm ʃj ʃɾ ʃl ʃʋ sk st sp sm sj sɾ sl sʋ sʂ hɾ hl hʋ hʂ str ʂʋ ɾj cɾ cʋ kk tt pp cc ʈʈ ɳɳ t̪t̪ n̪n̪ mm ʈj","i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː ə aj ej oj aʋ","# p t̪ k b d ɟ ɡ s ʂ ʃ h m n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɾ r l ɭ ɻ ʋ j","Aspirated consonants treated as unaspirated equivalents, as the source indicates that they are not pronounced with aspiration by all speakers."
"malt1254","mlt","Maltese",14.4508,35.8884,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Borg, Albert and Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie","1997","Maltese","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p b m t d n k ɡ ʔ f v s z ʃ h t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡s j w l r ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ɐː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɪː","-","# p b m t d n k ɡ ʔ f v s z ʃ h t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡s j w l r [ptkfsʃ][ptkfsʃt͡ʃt͡s] [bdɡvzd͡ʒ][bdɡvzd͡ʒ] ʔC hC Cm Cn Cl Cr Cw Cj [sʃzpb][ptkfbdɡ][tmnrljwfh]","m n l r ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ ɐː ɛː iː ɔː uː ɪː ɐʊ ɐɪ ɛʊ ɛɪ ɪʊ ɔɪ ɔʊ","# p m t n k ʔ f s ʃ h t͡ʃ t͡s j w l r mp mt mʃ mh nt nk ns nʃ nt͡ʃ lp lt lk lʔ lf ls lʃ lh lt͡ʃ lt͡s lm rp rt rk rʔ rf rs rʃ rh rt͡ʃ rt͡s rm [wj][ptkʔfsʃht͡ʃt͡smnlr] pt ps pʃ ph kt ks kʃ st sk sʃ sʔ ft fs fʃ ʃt ʃk t͡ʃt ʔt ʔs ʔʃ ht hʃ hʔ","Only word-initial and word-final clusters described, word-medial clusters not fully described."
"manc1252","mnc","Manchu",126.557,47.3122,"Tungusic","INCOLLECTION","Zikmundová, Veronika and Gao, Wa","2023","Spoken Manchu","Routledge",,"The Tungusic languages","Vovin, Alexander and Alonso de la Fuente, José Andrés and Janhunen, Juha",,"463--482",,,,"u i o ə a m n ŋ p t t͡ʃ k pʰ tʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ f s ʃ x w j l","-","# C","u i o ə a ai əi ia iə io ua ui","# m n ŋ l","Sanjiazi variety."
"mand1415","cmn","Mandarin Chinese",116.228,40.0209,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Duanmu, San","2007","The phonology of standard Chinese","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ f s ʂ ʐ x m n ŋ l i y u ə a ə˞","H LH L HL","# p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ f s ʂ ʐ x m n l y i u","ʐ i y u ə a ə˞ əi əu ai au","# n ŋ ə˞",
"mang1378","zng","Mang",102.133,21.4305,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Gao 高, Yongqi 永奇","2003","Mangyu yanjiu 莽語硏究 [The study of Mang language]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p t k b d ɡ m n ŋ v l θ t͡ɕ ɲ ʑ h ɣ ʔ i y e ø ɛ a ɐ ɔ o ə ɯ u","55 35 51 31","p t k b d ɡ m n ŋ v l θ t͡ɕ ɲ ʑ h ɣ ʔ pl bl pɣ ɡɣ","i y e ø ɛ a ɐ ɔ o ə ɯ u aɯ au ai iɯ iɛ iau uaɯ ua ui ɯa uɯ ei ɔi əi eɯ eu ɐi","# l p t k m n ŋ ʔ",
"minh1238",,"Mangghuer",102.84406,35.97515,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Slater, Keith W.","2003","A Grammar of Mangghuer: A Mongolic language of China's Qinghai-Gansu Sprachbund","RoutledgeCurzon",,,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ f s ɕ ʂ χ m n ŋ l ɻ w j i e a o u","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ f s ɕ ʂ χ m n pʰj tʰj kʰj qʰj pj tj kj qj t͡sʰj t͡ɕʰj ʈ͡ʂʰj t͡sj ʈ͡ɕj ʈ͡ʂj fj sj ɕj ʂj χj mj nj lj ɻj wj pʰw tʰw kʰw qʰw pw tw kw qw t͡sʰw t͡ɕʰw ʈ͡ʂʰw t͡sw t͡ɕw ʈ͡ʂw fw sw ɕw ʂw χw mw nw lw ɻw jw","i e a o u","# ɻ ŋ n j w",
"mani1292","mni","Manipuri",93.3426,24.4409,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Chelliah, Shobhana Lakshmi","1992","A study of Manipuri grammar",,"University of Texas at Austin",,,,,,,,"p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ b̤ d̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ s h m n ŋ l r w j i u e ə o a","H","ʔ p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ b̤ d̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝ̤ s h m n ŋ l r w j Cl Cw","i u e ə o a","# C","/d̤/ occurs intervocally, but it is not certain whether it occurs word-initially (and therefore as an onset). Here it is assumed to occur as an onset."
"maon1238","nbi","Mao Naga",94.0035,25.3836,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Giridhar, P. P.","1994","Mao Naga Grammar","Central Institute of Indian Languages",,,,,,,,,"i ɨ u o e a ĩ ɨ̃ ũ õ ẽ ã ə p b t̪ d t k ɡ pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ p͡f p͡fʰ b͡v t͡s d͡z c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ c͡çʰ f v ʂ s z ç ʝ x h m n̪ n ɳ ŋ r r̥ l w j","T H M L","# p b t̪ d t k ɡ pʰ t̪ʰ tʰ p͡f p͡fʰ b͡v t͡s d͡z c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ c͡çʰ f v ʂ s z ç ʝ x h m n̪ n ɳ ŋ r r̥ l w j pr pʰr kr kʰr","i ɨ u o e a ĩ ɨ̃ ũ õ ẽ ã əi ou iu əi əu əe ae ao ue aə oe ie C","#","It is unclear whether diphthongs have nasal counterparts."
"maon1241","mmd","Maonan",108.024,25.0169,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Lu, Tian Qiao","2008","A Grammar of Maonan","Universal",,,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ b d ɡ bˀ d m n ɲ ŋ mˀ nˀ ɲˀ ŋˀ f s ɕ h v z ɦ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z l w j wˀ jˀ i y ɯ u e ə o ɛ ɔ a aː iː ɔː uː əː","42 231 51 24 44 213 55C/44C 23C/24C","p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ b d ɡ bˀ d m n ɲ ŋ mˀ nˀ ɲˀ ŋˀ f s ɕ h v z ɦ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z l w j wˀ jˀ pj tw jw kj kw kjw pʰj tʰj kʰj kʰw kʰjw ⁿbj ⁿdj ⁿɡw bj dj ɡj ɡw bˀj dˀj dˀw mj nj ɲw ŋw nˀj ŋˀw fj sw ɕw vj zj jw jˀw t͡sj t͡sw t͡sʰj t͡sʰw d͡zj d͡zw lj lw","ŋ z i y ɯ u e ə o ɛ ɔ a aː iː ɔː uː əː","# i u ɯ m n ŋ p t k",
"mara1379","nma","Maram Naga",94.2205,25.4378,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Singh, Pebam Ibopishak","1984","A descriptive grammar of Maram",,"Manipur University",,,,,,,,"i u e o ə a p t t͡ʃ k pʰ kʰ b d d͡ʒ ɡ ʃ ɦ l r m n ŋ w j","H L","# p t t͡ʃ k pʰ kʰ b d d͡ʒ ɡ ʃ ɦ l r m n ŋ w j pr pj tr tj kl kr kj pʰr kʰr kʰj br bj dr dj d͡ʒj ɡj ʃw ʃj lj rj mj nj ŋr","i u e o ə a","# j ŋ m k w t n ʃ p l r d͡ʒ",
"mara1378","mar","Marathi",76.6665,17.9344,"Indo-European","BOOK","Pandharipande, Rajeshwari V.","1997","Marathi","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"iː uː ɪ ʊ e o ə aː p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡z̤ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ f s ʂ ç h m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ j w","-","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡z̤ d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ f s ʂ ç h m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ j w","iː uː ɪ ʊ e o ə aː əi əu","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡ɕ d͡z d͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ f s ʂ ç h m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ j w","According to the source, the initial consonant clusters are absent in ``uneducated'' speech (pp. 547-548). I have thus not listed them here."
"marw1260","rwr","Marwari (India)",75.0656,27.002,"Indo-European","BOOK","Gusain, Lakhan","2004","Marwari",,"Lincom",,,,,,,,"i ɪ e ɛ ə a u ʊ o ɔ ĩ ɪ̃ ẽ ɛ̃ ə̃ ã ũ ʊ̃ õ ɔ̃ p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ m n ɳ s h l ɭ r ɽ w j","H M L","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ m n ɳ s h l r ɽ w j","i ɪ e ɛ ə a u ʊ o ɔ ĩ ɪ̃ ẽ ɛ̃ ə̃ ã ũ ʊ̃ õ ɔ̃","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ m n ɳ s h l ɭ r ɽ w j","In the absence of the description of consonant clusters, it is assumed that (C)V(C) is the syllable template. /ɭ/ is interpreted as only appearing as a coda, given the absence of */-ɭɭ-/ geminate, although the medial clusters were not comprehensively described. It is unclear whether /ɪ̃ ʊ̃/ exist; here it is assumed they do."
"mehr1241","gdq","Mehri",52.473,16.793,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Watson, Janet C. E.","2012","The structure of Mehri","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"b d ɡ t k ʔ tˤ kˤ d͡ʒ ð z ɣ ʕ f θ s ʃ x ħ h tˤ sˤ ʃˤ l ʃ ʃˤ m n r w j a i u iː eː aː oː uː","-","C CC CCC","a i u iː eː aː oː uː aj aw","# C CC",
"mewa1250","wtm","Mewati",76.947,27.736,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Bharadwaj, D. R.","1974","Descriptive analysis of Mewati",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o æ a ɔ ĩ ũ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ẽ ə̃ õ æ̃ ã ɔ̃ p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ l ɭ r ɽ s h w j",,"# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n l ɭ r ɽ s h w j pr pj bj b̤j tj tʰj d̤j tj ɟw kj kw kl kʰj ɡj ɡw ɡr ɡ̤j mj mh ml nj nh rh lh jh wh sj sw sr","i u e ə o æ a ɔ ĩ ũ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ẽ ə̃ õ æ̃ ã ɔ̃","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ l ɭ r ɽ s h w j pt kt ks bd bɟ nt nc nd nɟ ns ld rt rc rb rk rd rɟ rm st sʈ kj bj ckj rcj","Although the source notes that /ɳ ɭ ɽ/ do not occur as onsets (p. 66), given the presence of /lɽ wɭ wɽ/ as medial clusters but not as final clusters and the unlikeliness of /VCC.V/ syllabification, it is assumed that /ɽ ɭ/ occur as onsets contra the source."
"mila1245",,"Milang",95.186127,28.5539908,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Modi, Yankee","2017","The Milang Language: Grammar and Texts",,"Universität Bern",,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k ʔ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ j l r ɕ h i ɨ u e ə o a","H L","# p t t͡ɕ k ʔ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ j l r ɕ h Cj","i ɨ u e ə o a VV","# p t k m n ŋ l r","Ideophones can have different onset clusters not listed here (p. 96). The source reports that Milang is tonal without giving any description of the tone system (p. 103). For convenience, I have transcribed the tones as H and L."
"minb1244","mnp","Min Bei Chinese",118.32,27.05,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Ngai, Sing Sing","2021","A Grammar of Shaowu: A Sinitic Language of Northwestern Fujian","Mouton",,,,,,,,,"m n ŋ p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ f s ɕ x ʋ l i ɯ u y e ə ɔ a","21 22 55 213 35 53","# m n ŋ p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ f s ɕ x ʋ l","ŋ i ɯ u y e ə ɔ a ia ie iɔ iau iɔu ua uɔ uə uai uei ye ai ei ɔi əi au ɔu əu iu","# n ŋ",
"minn1241","nan","Min Nan Chinese",118.17,24.5,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Chen, Weirong","2020","A Grammar of Southern Min: The Hui’an Dialect","DeGruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ l k kʰ ɡ t͡s t͡sʰ s h n ŋ m ʔ i u a e o ɔ ɯ ə ã ẽ ɔ̃","33 24 53 22 31 31 54 3","p pʰ b t tʰ l k kʰ ɡ t͡s t͡sʰ s h ʔ","m ŋ i u a e o ɔ ɯ ə ã ẽ ɔ̃ iu ia io ui ua ue iũ iã uã au ai iau uai ãi iãu uãi ãu iə iɔ","# ʔ m n ŋ p t k",
"miya1259","mvi","Miyako",125.363,24.7564,"Japonic","PHDTHESIS","Shimoji, Michinori","2008","A Grammar of Irabu, a Southern Ryukyuan Language",,"Australian National University",,,,,,,,"p t k b d ɡ f s t͡s h d͡z m n ʋ ɾ ɹ w j i ɨ u a e o","H","# p t k b d ɡ f s t͡s h d͡z m n ɾ j w tt ff ss mm nn ɾɾ ʋʋ ɹɹ t͡st͡s kw ɡw Cj","m mm n nn ʋ ʋʋ ɾ ɾɾ ɹ ɹɹ i ɨ u a e o aa au ai uu ui ii ɨɨ ia iu ee oo","# p t k f s t͡s m n ʋ ɾ ɹ","The source notes that ``[t]here is some evidence that G[lide] is not an onset'' (p. 39) but it doesn't explicitly state whether it forms part of the nucleus. Here it is treated as onset."
"mlab1235","mra","Mlabri",101.163,18.5533,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Rischel, J∅rgen","1995","Minor Mlabri: A Hunter-Gatherer Language of Northern Indochina","Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen",,,,,,,,,"i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ʌ ɔ a iː ɯː uː eː ɤː oː ɛː ʌː ɔː aː pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ p t c k b d ɟ ɡ bˀ dˀ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ w̥ w j̥ j l̥ r̥ l r wˀ jˀ h ʔ","-","# pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ p t c k b d ɟ ɡ bˀ dˀ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ w̥ w j l̥ l r wˀ jˀ h ʔ PZ NZ LG","i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ʌ ɔ a iː ɯː uː eː ɤː oː ɛː ʌː ɔː aː VV C","# p t c k m n ɲ ŋ l̥ r̥ j̥ w l r j ʔ h","The voiceless sonorant onsets, transcribed as <hC> and described as ``partially voiceless'', and sonorant codas with final aspiration, transcribed as <Ch>, are considered to be and transcribed as identical phonemes."
"mode1248","ell","Modern Greek",23.13,38.36,"Indo-European","BOOK","Holton, David and Mackridge, Peter and Philippaki-Warburton, Irene","2012","Greek: A comprehensive grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,"2","p t k f θ x v ð ɣ s z l r m n i e a o u","-","# p t k f θ x v ð ɣ s z l r m n ps ts ks pr tr kr pl pn kl kn tm mn fr fl θl θr xl xr vl vr ðr ɣl ɣr sp st sk sf sθ sx sn zn sl zl zb ɣn θn xn zm ft fk xt vð vɣ ɣð zv zɣ fθ sθ kt pt bl br dr ɡr ɡl spl spr skl str skr skn sfr","i e a o u ei ai oi ui iu au ou","# t f v θ l r n m k s",
"hebr1245","heb","Modern Hebrew",35.0179,31.1056,"Afro-Asiatic","PHDTHESIS","Kreitman, Rina","2008","The phonetics and phonology of onset clusters: The case of Modern Hebrew",,"Cornell University",,,,,,,,"i u e o a p b t d k ɡ ʔ f v s z ʃ ʒ x r m n t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ l j","-","p b t d k ɡ ʔ f v s z ʃ ʒ x r m n t͡s t͡ʃ d͡ʒ l j pt pk ps pʃ px pd pɡ pz pt͡s pl pn pr tk tf ts tʃ tx tɡ tv tz tl tm tn tr kt kf ks kʃ kx kd kv kz kt͡s kl km kn kr ft fl fn fr sp st sk sf sx sd sɡ sv sl sm sn sr ʃp ʃt ʃk ʃf ʃx ʃb ʃd ʃɡ ʃv ʃz ʃl ʃm ʃn ʃr xt xr bt bk bs bʃ bx bd bɡ bz bl bn br dk df dʃ dx dɡ dv dl dm dr ɡf ɡs ɡʃ ɡx ɡd ɡv ɡz ɡl ɡm ɡn ɡr vl vr zk zx zb zd zɡ zv zl zm zn zr t͡sf t͡sx t͡sb t͡sd t͡sv t͡sl t͡sm t͡sn t͡sr","i u e o a","# C CC","The source describes <š, ž, tš, dž> as [+cor, -ant], which could either be alveo-palatal, palatal, or palato-alveolar. Here I transcribe them as palato-alveolar. The source also notes that the status of /r/ is not clear."
"moke1242","mwt","Moken",98.6765,10.1474,"Austronesian","MASTERSTHESIS","Chantanakomes, Veena","1980","A description of Moken: a Malayo-Polynesian language",,"Mahidol University",,,,,,,,"p t c͡ç k ʔ b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ s h m n ɲ ŋ l j w pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ i ḭ e iː eː ḭː ə a aː u ṵ o uː oː ṵː","-","p t c͡ç k ʔ b d ɟ͡ʝ ɡ s h m n ɲ ŋ l j w pʰ tʰ c͡çʰ kʰ","i ḭ e iː eː ḭː ə a aː u ṵ o uː oː ṵː iə uə uːə","# p t k ʔ h m n ŋ w j","The source reports tone contrast in four pairs of word, e. g. [lək] `to love' (level pitch) and [lə̀k] `a post' (high falling pitch) (p. 24). <c> is described as a plosive, but considering that <cʰ> and <j> are described as palatal affricates, I transcribe <c> as a palatal affricate as well. ``Tense vowels'' are transcribed as vowels with creaky voice."
"monn1252","mnw","Mon",98.122465,15.49394,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Jenny, Mathias","2005","The verb system of Mon",,"University of Zurich",,,,,,,,"k kʰ ŋ ɕ c cʰ ɲ ɲ̥ ɗ t tʰ n n̥ ɓ p pʰ m m̥ j r l l̥ w w̥ s ʃ h ʔ i e ɛ a ɒ ɤ ɔ o u ə","-","k kʰ ŋ ɕ c cʰ ɲ ɲ̥ ɗ t tʰ n n̥ ɓ p pʰ m m̥ j r l l̥ w w̥ s ʃ h ʔ kj kr kl kw kʰj kʰr kʰl kʰw pj pr pl pʰj pʰr pʰl","i e ɛ a ɒ ɤ ɔ o u ə iə eə ɛə ɒə ɔə oə uə ao","# ʔ h k ŋ c ɲ t n p m j","There is a register distinction (``heavy'' and ``light'' registers)."
"huzh1238","mjg","Mongghul",102.11749,36.8177,"Mongolic-Khitan","PHDTHESIS","Faehndrich, Burgel R.M.","2007","Sketch grammar of the Karlong variety of Mongghul, and dialectal survey of Mongghul",,"University of Hawai'i at Mānoa",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ ɢ t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ f s ɕ ʂ x m n ŋ r l j w i ɨ u e o a iː uː eː oː aː","-","# p b t d k ɡ ɢ t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ f s ɕ ʂ x m n r l j w sd͡z sɢ sɡ sn sl ʂd ʂd͡z ʂɢ ɕd͡z ɕd͡ʑ ɕɡ mb nd nt͡ɕ nd͡ʑ nt͡s ŋɡ ŋɢ rd rl rd͡ʑ rɡ xd xd͡ʑ xɡ xɢ","i ɨ u e o a iː uː eː oː aː ui uiː uei uo ua ie ia","# m n ŋ r l ɡ ɢ b",
"luxe1241","ltz","Moselle Franconian",6.14931,49.6839,"Indo-European","BOOK","Schanen, François","2004","Parlons Luxembourgeois [Let's speak Luxembourgish]","L'Harmattan",,,,,,,,,"a ɑː ɐ e eː ɛ ɛː ə ɪ i iː o oː ɔ ø œ u uː ʊ y yː ʏ j w ɥ ã ɛ̃ õ b ç d d͡ʒ f ɡ ʒ ɣ h j k kʷ l m n ŋ ⁿk p r s ʃ t θ t͡s v w x z","-","?","a ɑː ɐ e eː ɛ ɛː ə ɪ i iː o oː ɔ ø œ u uː ʊ y yː ʏ aɪ ɛɪ eɪ əɪ aʊ ɛʊ əʊ ɔʊ ɪə ɔɪ ʊə ã ɛ̃ õ","?",
"moyo1238","nmo","Moyon",94.3421,24.4793,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Kongkham, Hemabati Devi","2010","A descriptive grammar of Moyon",,"Manipur University",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n ŋ f s h v c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ w j l r","M F","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n ŋ f s h v c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ r pr pʰr br tr tʰr kr ɡr dr c͡çr","i u e ə o a","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ v r",
"mudu1239","udg","Muduga",76.5627,11.062,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Rajendran, Nanu","1978","Description of the Language of Muḍugas",,"University of Kerala",,,,,,,,"i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː p b t d r ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ ʋ j s pː bː tː dː rː ʈː ɖː c͡çː ɟ͡ʝː kː ɡː mː nː ɳː lː ɭː ʋː jː sː","-","# p b t d r ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ ʋ j s pː bː tː dː rː ʈː ɖː c͡çː ɟ͡ʝː kː ɡː mː nː ɳː lː ɭː ʋː jː sː bɭ tj dr dɾ ʈr ɖj kj ɾj ʋr pɭ pɾ kɭ nj sʈ ɡj","i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː","# p b t d r ʈ ɖ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k ɡ m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ ʋ j s pː bː tː dː rː ʈː ɖː c͡çː ɟ͡ʝː kː ɡː mː nː ɳː lː ɭː ʋː jː sː","The alveolar voiceless stop <R> is here transcribed as an aveolar trill, as it is realized as a trill in most positions."
"mula1253","mlm","Mulam",108.928,24.8151,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Yin 银, Shage 莎格","2014","Yincun mulaoyu cankao yufa 银村仫佬语参考语法 [Reference grammar of Yincun Mulao]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m f w t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s z c cʰ ɲ ç j k kʰ ŋ h ɣ ʔ i y e ø ɛ œ a u o ə ɔ aː əː ɛː","42 121 53 24 44 11 42/55 12","p pʰ m f w t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s c cʰ ɲ ç j k kʰ ŋ h ɣ ʔ pɣ pʰɣ mɣ kɣ kʰɣ ŋɣ hɣ pj pʰj mj fj tj tʰj nʲ lj t͡sj t͡sʰj ɲj sj pw pʰw mw tw tʰw nw lw t͡sw t͡sʰw sw kw kʰw ŋw hw","i y e ø ɛ œ a u o ə ɔ z ŋ aːi ai eu aːu au əːu əu oi əi əːi iu ui aː əː ɛː","# m n ŋ p t k",
"mund1320","unr","Mundari",85.85,23.03,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Cook, Walter Anthony","1965","A Descriptive Analysis of Mundari: A Study of the Structure of the Mundari Language According To the Methods of Linguistic Science, With Particular Attention To the Units of Sound, the Units of Meaning, the Units of Grammar, and Their Mutually Contrastive Arrangement Patterns",,"Georgetown University",,,,,,,,"i e a o u ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s h m n ɳ r ɽ l j w","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s h m n r l j w","i e a o u ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ ai au","# p b t d k ɡ s ɟ͡ʝ m n r l ɳ ɽ",
"musl1236","ttt","Muslim Tat",46.645589,41.425062,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Mammadova, Nayiba","2017","Eléments de description et documentation du tat de l'Apshéron, langue iranienne d'Azerbaïdjan [Elements of description and documentation of the Apsheron tat, Iranian language of Azerbaijan]",,"INALCO",,,,,,,,"ɑ e æ i ɯ y u o œ p b v f m s t d z n ʃ t͡ʃ ʐ ɖ͡ʐ l r j k ɟ χ q ʁ h","-","?","?","?",
"naga1394","nag","Naga Pidgin",93.4438,25.2508,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Bhattacharjya, Dwijen","2001","The Genesis and Development of Nagamese: Its Social History and Linguistic Structure",,"City University of New York",,,,,,,,"i u e o ɔ a ə p b t d k ɡ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ kʰ ɡ̤ s z h t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ̤ m n ŋ l r w j","-","# C CC","i u e o ɔ a ju ja jɔ eu ei eə ai ae au ao ui wə oi ou oe","# C CC","The diphthongs <ae̞> and <oe̞> were transcribed as <ae> and <oe>, as /e/ and /e̞/ do not seem contrastive."
"nana1257","gld","Nanai",134.797,48.4343,"Tungusic","BOOK","Jin 金, Lina 莉娜 and Cheng 程, Yaheng 亚恒","2019","Heilongjiang tongjiang hezheyu 黑龙江同江赫哲语 [Nanai language in Tongjiang, Heilongjiang]","Shangwu Yinshuguan 商務印书馆",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m w f t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ r t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ j k kʰ x ŋ a ə ɔ œ i o u y","-","# p pʰ m w f t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʂ r t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ j k kʰ x","a ə ɔ œ i o u y ai au əi əu ia iə io iu ɔi ɔu ui ua uə yə iau uai uəi","# m n ŋ",
"yong1270","nru","Narua",100.9,27.8,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Lidz, Liberty A.","2010","A Descriptive Grammar of Yongning Na (Mosuo)",,"University of Texas at Austin",,,,,,,,"pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ɡ qʰ q ɢ m n ɲ f s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ɣ h t͡sʰ t͡s d͡z t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ ɬ w j l i ɯ u v ɛ ɤ ɔ æ ɑ æ̃","55 33 31 13","pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ɡ qʰ q ɢ m n ɲ f s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ɣ h t͡sʰ t͡s d͡z t͡ɕʰ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ ɬ w j l ʔ","i ɯ u v ɛ ɤ ɔ æ ɑ æ̃ uɤ uɔ uæ","#",
"nauk1242","ynk","Naukan Yupik",-171.755,65.5184,"Eskimo-Aleut","BOOK","Menovščikov Меновщиков, Georgij A. Георгий А.","1975","Jazyk naukanskix èskimosov Язык науканских эскимосов [Language of the Naukan Eskimo]","Nauka Наука",,,,,,,,,"i ɨ u a p t k q m n ŋ s x χ v w j ɣ l r","-","# C","V","# C",
"negi1245","neg","Negidal",139.206,52.9658,"Tungusic","INCOLLECTION","Pakendorf, Brigitte and Aralova, Natalia","2020","Even and the Northern Tungusic languages","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford guide to the Transeurasian languages","Robbeets, Martine and Savelyev, Alexander",,"288--304",,,"1","p b t d ɟ k ɡ β s h t͡ɕ m n ɲ ŋ r j l i iː u uː e eː ə o oː a aː ɑː","-","# C","i iː u uː e eː ə o oː a aː ɑː ie","# C",
"nucl1706","mid","Neo-Mandaic",48.8128,31.3443,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Häberl, Charles","2009","The Neo-Mandaic Dialect of Khorramshahr","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡ʃ k q b d d͡ʒ ɡ tˤ f θ s ʃ χ ħ h v z ʁ ʕ sˤ m n l r w j i u e ə o a ɔ","-","# p t t͡ʃ k q b d d͡ʒ ɡ tˤ f θ s ʃ χ ħ h v z ʁ ʕ sˤ m n l r w j PR SR SP","m n r w j i u e ə o a ɔ ej aj aw av ɔj ɔw","# p t t͡ʃ k q b d d͡ʒ ɡ tˤ f θ s ʃ χ ħ v z ʁ sˤ m n l r PR SR SP RP RF",
"nepa1254","npi","Nepali",85,28,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Acharya, Jayaraj","1990","A descriptive grammar of Nepali and an analyzed corpus",,"Georgetown University",,,,,,,,"i ĩ u ũ e ẽ a ã o aː ãː p t tʲ c k pʰ tʰ tʰʲ cʰ kʰ b d dʲ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ d̤ʲ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ŋ s h l r j w","-","# p t tʲ c k pʰ tʰ tʰʲ cʰ kʰ b d dʲ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ d̤ʲ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ŋ s h l r j w Cj Cw","i ĩ u ũ e ẽ a ã o aː ãː","# p t tʲ c k pʰ tʰ tʰʲ cʰ kʰ b d dʲ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ d̤ʲ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ŋ s l r jC wC",
"ngan1291","nio","Nganasan",86.2106,73.1354,"Uralic","BOOK","Wagner-Nagy, Beáta Boglárka","2019","A grammar of Nganasan","Brill",,,,,,,,,"b t d ɟ k ɡ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ r ð s sʲ h j l lʲ i y ɨ u e ə o ɑ","-","# b t d ɟ k ɡ m n ɲ ŋ r ð s sʲ h l lʲ","i y ɨ u e ə o ɑ ia ua","# b ʔ m n ŋ j r l lʲ",
"niha1238","nll","Nihali",76.3318,21.1886,"Nihali","BOOK","Nagaraja, K. S.","2014","The Nihali Language (Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary)","Central Institute of Indian Languages",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ s h r ɽ l w j i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː","-","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ s h r ɽ l w j ʈʰ ɖ̤ Cj Cw cr ɟr ʈl","i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː","# p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ m n ɲ r l w j pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ s h ɽ mp nd nɖ nɡ jt jc jɟ jɲ rk mb rm","The source notes that [ə] is phonetically present, but doesn't specify in what contexts it is used."
"nima1243","noe","Nimadi",76.1264,22.1263,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Lekhwani, Kanhaiyalal","1979","Descriptive analysis of Nimaḍi",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u ɪ ʊ ə e o a ĩ ũ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ə̃ ẽ õ ã j w p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ m̥ n̥ s h l l̥ ɭ r","-","# j w p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ m̥ n̥ s h l ɭ r pr pj br bj b̤r tr tj tw dr dj dw d̤r d̤j d̤w ɖj ɟj ɟw kr kl kj kw kʰr kʰj kʰw ɡr ɡl ɡj ɡw ɡ̤r mr ml mj nj sr sl sj sw hr hj lj ɭj ɳj ʈʰj","i u ɪ ʊ ə e o a ĩ ũ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ə̃ ẽ õ ã iw ɪw ej ew əj əu aj aw uj ʊj oj ow","# j w p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ m̥ n̥ s h l l̥ ɭ r pp pt pʰt bɟ br b̤r b̤j tt tr tj tw tʰj dd dd̤ dm dr dj d̤j ʈʈ ʈʈʰ ccʰ cj ɟj kt kk kkʰ kj kʰj ɡd̤ ɡn ɡj ɡ̤n mp mpʰ mb mb̤ mm nj nt ntʰ nd nd̤ nc nɟ nk nkʰ nɡ nɡ̤ nm nn ns nj ɳɖ ɳj rp rpʰ rt rb̤ rtʰ rc rɟ rk rm rɳ rs rj rw lp ld sp st sʈ sk ss sj sw wr ntr sʈr",
"noct1238","njb","Nocte Naga",95.3903,27.152,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Boro, Krishna","2017","A Grammar of Hakhun Tangsa",,"University of Oregon",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ k kʰ ɡ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ v s ʒ h r l w j i ɛ a ɔ u ɤ","L H F","# p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ k kʰ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ v s ʒ h r l pw pʰw bw tw tʰw dw cw cʰw kw kʰw mw nw ŋw vw sw ʒw hw rw lw pj pʰj bj tj tʰj cj cʰj kj mj vj sj hj rj lj","i ɛ a ɔ u ɤ","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ",
"noga1249","nog","Nogai",46.6618,43.5917,"Turkic","BOOK","Karakoç, Birsel","2021","Noghay","Routledge",,"The Turkic languages","Johanson, Lars and Csató-Johanson, Éva",,"354--369",,,"2","i y ɯ u e ø ɤ o a p b f v m w t d s z n l lˠ r ç ʝ k q ɡ x ɣ ŋ","-","?","?","?",
"nort2697","azj","North Azerbaijani",46.4737,40.9777,"Turkic","INCOLLECTION","Ragagnin, Elisabetta","2011","Azeri","Routledge",,"The Turkic languages","Johanson, Lars and Csató-Johanson, Éva",,,,,,"i y ɯ u e ø o æ ɑ p b t d c ɟ k ɡ f v s z ç ʝ χ h m n t͡s d͡z c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ j l r","-","# C","i y ɯ u e ø o æ ɑ","# C LT NT FT","Long vowels and non-native consonant cluster patterns that occur in loanwords were not reflected, given the lack of description."
"nort3139","apc","North Levantine Arabic",36.0468,34.1709,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Cowell, Mark W.","1964","A reference grammar of Syrian Arabic (based on the dialect of Damascus)","Georgetown Univ. Press",,,,,,,,,"b p f v d t z s ʒ ʃ ɡ k x ɣ q ħ ʕ h ʔ m n l ɾ tˠ dˠ sˠ zˠ bˠ mˠ nˠ lˠ ɾˠ w j i iː u uː e eː o oː ə a aː","-","b p f v d t z s ʒ ʃ ɡ k x ɣ q ħ ʕ h ʔ m n l ɾ tˠ dˠ sˠ zˠ bˠ mˠ nˠ lˠ ɾˠ w j CC stC","i iː u uː e eː o oː ə a aː","# b p f v d t z s ʒ ʃ ɡ k x ɣ q ħ ʕ h ʔ m n l ɾ tˠ dˠ sˠ zˠ bˠ mˠ nˠ lˠ ɾˠ CC",
"nort3142","ayp","North Mesopotamian Arabic",42.0047,36.2986,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Fink, Andreas","2017","Der arabische Dialekt von Hasankeyf am Tigris (Osttürkei) [The Arabic dialect of Hasankeyf in Tigris (eastern Turkey)","Otto Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"b p t d ʈ k ɡ q ʔ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ f v vˤ ç ʝ x ɣ ħ ʕ h s z sˤ m n l r w iː eː oː uː aː y u ø o e ə a","-","# C CC","iː eː oː uː aː y u ø o e ə a aj aw","# C CC","The source describes emphatic consonants as velarized, but here they are transcribed as pharyngealized, as they are for all Arabic lects."
"nort2671","sme","North Saami",22.1113,68.725,"Uralic","BOOK","Kahn, Lily and Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa","2017","North Sámi: An Essential Grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"ɑ æ e i o u p t͡s t͡ʃ t ð f k h j k l m n ŋ p r s ʃ t θ v t͡s t͡ʃ","-","# C CC","ɑ æ e i o u eæ ie oa uo","# C CC",
"darg1241","dar","North-Central Dargwa",47.4388,42.4257,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Moroz, George","2019","Phonology of Mehweb","Language Science Press",,"The Mehweb language: Essays on phonology, morphology and syntax","Daniel, Michael and Dobrushina, Nina and Ganenkov, Dmitry",,"17--37",,,,"b d ɡ ɡʷ p t k kʷ q qʷ ʔ ʔʷ pʼ tʼ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ qʼʷ z̪ z ɣ ʁ ʁʷ s̪ s x xʷ χ χʷ ħ ħʷ h hʷ d̪͡z̪ d͡z t̪͡s̪ t͡s t̪͡s̪ʼ t͡sʼ m w n l r j i u e oˤ aˤ a","-","# C","i u e oˤ aˤ a","# C RT","``If the coda is complex, the first consonant is most frequently either a liquid or a nasal ... codas are predominantly sequences of a sonorant and an obstruent'' (p. 21-22). This would imply that there are exceptions, but here only the sonorant-obstruent sequence is transcribed as the possible complex coda."
"nort2741","tts","Northeastern Thai",103.67,16.03,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Kongsin, Phramaha Kham-Iang","1979","A descriptive analysis of the modern Northeastern Thai dialect (Modern Thai I'san)",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d c͡ç m n ɲ ŋ f s h l w j i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː","M L H F R MR","p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d c͡ç m n ɲ ŋ f s h l w j","i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː iə ɨə uə","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j",
"nort2626","frr","Northern Frisian",8.58489,54.6409,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Lasswell, Steven T.","1998","An ecological reference grammar of Solring North Frisian",,"University of California Santa Barbara",,,,,,,,"p b t d c k ɡ m n ɲ ŋ r f v s ʃ ç x h l ʎ j iː yː i y uː u eː øː e ø oː o a ə","-","# p b t d c k ɡ m n ɲ r f v s ʃ ç h l ʎ j CC CCC","iː yː i y uː u eː øː e ø oː o a ua ui eə oi ai au","# p t c k ɡ m n ɲ ŋ r f s ʃ ç x l ʎ CC CCC","Word-initial and word-final constraints interpreted as onset and coda constraints."
"nort2702","gno","Northern Gondi",81.3842,18.1632,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Lincoln, Neville John","1969","A Descriptive Analysis of the Adilabad Dialect of Gondi",,"Cornell University",,,,,,,,"i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː p t ʈ t͡s k b d ɖ d͡z ɡ m n ŋ s ɦ w r l ɽ j","-","?","i e a o u iː eː aː oː uː","?",
"sing1264","sgp","Northern Jinghpaw",95.606,27.296,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Morey, Stephen","2010","Turung: a variety of Singpho language spoken in Assam","Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University",,,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ s h w j ɹ l i u e eː o oː a aː ə","L H M","# p t t͡ɕ k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ s h w j ɹ l pɹ pʰɹ bɹ kɹ kʰɹ ɡɹ","m n ŋ i u e eː o oː a aː ə ai au ui oi iu eu","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ",
"nort2684","kxm","Northern Khmer",103.863,14.4674,"Austroasiatic","MASTERSTHESIS","Pornpen, Sujinpram","1989","Morphemes to clauses in Northern Khmer (Surin)",,"Mahidol University",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ b d s h m n ɲ ŋ l r w j i iː ɪ ɪː e eː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ɤ ɤː ə əː ʌ ʌː a aː u uː o oː o̞ o̞ː ɔ ɔː ɒ ɒː","-","p t c k ʔ b d s h m n ɲ ŋ l r w j CC CCC CCCC","i iː ɪ ɪː e eː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ɤ ɤː ə əː ʌ ʌː a aː u uː o oː o̞ o̞ː ɔ ɔː ɒ ɒː iə iːə ɯə ɯːə uə uːə","# p t c k ʔ h m n ɲ ŋ l r w j",
"nort2641","kmr","Northern Kurdish",43,37,"Indo-European","BOOK","Bedir-Khan, Celadet Ali and Lescot, Roger","1970","Grammaire kurde: (dialecte kurmandji) [Kurdish grammar: (Kurmanji dialect)]","Maisonneuve",,,,,,,,,"iː uː i u eː aː ɔː ɛ p b f v m w t d s z r l n t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ʑ j k ɡ q x ɣ h","-","# C bl br dr fr ʑm pr ql qr sp st ɕk st tr zm ɡw hw kw qw xw str","iː uː i u eː aː ɔː ɛ","# C CC",
"mans1258","mns","Northern Mansi",61.344,64.4118,"Uralic","BOOK","Pirotti, Giuliano","1972","Grammatica vogula: con una scelta di poesie vogule [Vogula grammar: with a choice of Vogula poems]","Assoc. Cult. Italo-Ungherese ``Taddeo Ugoleto da Parma''",,,,,,,,,"iː uː ɪ ʊ ɛː ɘː ɔː e ə o ɑːɑ p t tʲ k m n ɲ l ʎ r s sʲ ʋ j x ɣ","-","?","?","?",
"nort2646","pbu","Northern Pashto",71.33,34,"Indo-European","BOOK","Tegey, Habibullah and Robson, Barbara","1996","A reference grammar of Pashto","Center for Applied Linguistics",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ m n ɳ ŋ s ç x h z ɣ t͡s c͡ç d͡z ɟ͡ʝ l w ɾ j ɽ a ɑ e ɪ i o u ʊ ə","-","# p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ m n ŋ s ç x h z ɣ t͡s c͡ç d͡z ɟ͡ʝ l w ɾ j ɽ bɾ bɽ bj dɾ dw d͡zɣ d͡zm d͡zw ɡɾ ɡɽ ɡw ɣl kl kɾ kɽ kw kʰp kʰw lm lw mj mɾ mɽ nɡ nɣ nm nj pl pɾ pɽ pj tl tɾ sk skʰ sp sɾ st sw çk çp xk wl wɾ wɽ zɡ zɣ zm zɽ zj bl dj kʰj ml nɟ͡ʝ ɾɣ çkʰ çm tw t͡sk t͡sw zb zd zɾ zw kʰɽ tɽ kʰwl kʰwd ndɾ skw skʰw çkʰw xkw","a ɑ e ɪ i o u ʊ ə ej əj aj ɑj uj aw","# p t ʈ k ʔ b d ɖ ɡ m n ɳ ŋ s ç x z ɣ t͡s c͡ç d͡z ɟ͡ʝ l w ɾ j ɽ kʰt nd nɖ ɾɡ ɽkʰ sk st çt bz fz ks kʰs mp mz nd͡z nɟ͡ʝ nk ns nz qç ɾd ɾɣ ɾm ɾn ɾq ɾt ɾz çq çt","The onset and coda clusters are not exhausitively listed in the source, only the most common or frequent ones were. But given their large size, they are listed here as if they were exhaustive."
"nort3268","cnp","Northern Pinghua",110.045,25.218,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Li 李, Lianjin 连迸","2009","Guangxi chongzuo jiangzhou zheyuanhua bijiao yanjiu 广西崇左江州蔗园话比较研究 [A comparative study of the Zheyuan lect in Jiangzhou, Chongzuo, Guangxi]","Guangxi Shifan Daxue Chubanshe 广西师范大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m f v t tʰ n ɬ l t͡s t͡sʰ ɲ s k kʰ ŋ h kʷ kʰʷ ʔ i u a ɛ ɔ ə ɐ","55 32 33 11 35 22 55C 33C 22C 35C","# p pʰ m f v t tʰ n ɬ l t͡s t͡sʰ ɲ s k kʰ ŋ h kʷ kʰʷ ʔ","i u a ɛ ɔ ə ɐ ia iɛ ai ɐi ɔi oi ui au ɐu iɐu ɛu əu iəu iu iɔ iə iɐ","# p t k m n ŋ",
"nort2723","pmi","Northern Pumi",101.305,28.6626,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Daudey, Henriëtte","2014","A grammar of Wadu Pumi",,"La Trobe University",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ s ʂ ɕ h z ʐ ʑ ɦ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ l ɻ l̥ ɻ̥ w j i ʉ u ĩ ɛ ə ẽ õ æ ɐ ɑ æ̃","44 54 22 24","# ʔ p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ s ʂ ɕ h z ʐ ʑ ɦ m n ŋ m̥ n̥ l ɻ l̥ ɻ̥ w j pj tj tw tjw ʈw kw pʰj tʰj tʰw ʈʰw kʰw bj dj dw djw ɖw ɡw t͡sw ʈ͡ʂw t͡ɕw t͡sʰw ʈ͡ʂʰw t͡ɕʰw d͡zw ɖ͡ʐw d͡ʑw sw ʂw ɕw hj hw hjw zw ʐw ʑw mj nj nw njw ŋw n̥j n̥w n̥jw lj lw ljw ɻw l̥j l̥w ɻ̥w","i ʉ u ĩ ə ẽ õ æ ɐ ɑ æ̃ ɛj ɑw","#","Contra the source, which views palatalization as a suprasegmental feature, /j/ is analyzed as a part of the onset clusters."
"nort2722","cng","Northern Qiang",103.192,32.2766,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","LaPolla, Randy J. and Huang, Chenglong","2003","A Grammar of Qiang with annotated texts and glossary","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p t k q pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ ɸ s ʂ ɕ x χ h z ʐ ʁ ɦ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l i iː y yː u uː e eː ə o oː a aː ɑ ɑː","-","# p t k q pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ ɸ s ʂ ɕ x χ h z ʐ ʁ ɦ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l CC","i iː y yː u uː e eː ə o oː a aː ɑ ɑː ia iɑ ie ye eu əu ei əi oi uɑ ua uə ue ui uəi ya yaː ai au uai iau i˞ e˞ ə˞ a˞ a˞ː ɑ˞ː u˞ y˞ ie˞ iaː ia˞ː uə˞ uɑː uɑ˞ː ye˞ ya˞ː uaː ua˞ː","# p t k q b d ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ ɸ s ʂ ɕ x χ h z ʐ ʁ ɦ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l CC",
"nort2740","nod","Northern Thai",100.20739,18.857495,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Pankhuankhatiya, Phramaha Ruangdej","1976","A synchronic-comparative study of Modern Thai and Modern Lanna [A study in contrast]",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d c͡ç m n ŋ f s ɦ l w j i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɨ ɨː ə əː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː","M L H F R HF","p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d c͡ç m n ŋ f s ɦ l w j kw kʰw tw c͡çw ʔw ŋw sw lw jw","i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɨ ɨː ə əː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː iə ɨə uə","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j",
"tosk1239","als","Northern Tosk Albanian",20,41,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Coretta, Stefano and Riverin-Coutlée, Josiane and Kapia, Enkeleida and Nichols, Stephen","2022","Northern Tosk Albanian",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association",,"(ahead of print)",,,"p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ̻ d͡ʒ̻ k ɡ t͡s d͡z m n ɲ r ɽ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h j lˠ l i u ʏ e ɜ ɔ a","-","?","?","?",
"nort2690","uzn","Northern Uzbek",69.211,40.886,"Turkic","BOOK","Sjoberg, Andrée F.","1963","Uzbek structural grammar","Indiana University",,,,,,,,,"p t k q b d ɡ ɸ s ɕ x h z ɣ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n ŋ w l r j i e a ɔ o u","-","# p t k q b d ɡ ɸ s ɕ x h z ɣ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n w l r j","i e a ɔ o u","# p t k q b d ɡ ɸ s ɕ x h z ɣ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n ŋ w l r j CC","``Syllable-types in recent borrowings (mainly through Russian)'' (p. 43) include biconsonantal and triconsonantal onsets and triconsonantal codas."
"nort2745","ykg","Northern Yukaghir",157.853,70.498,"Yukaghir","PHDTHESIS","Schmalz, Mark","2013","Aspects of the grammar of Tundra Yukaghir",,"Universiteit van Amsterdam",,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e eː ø øː a aː o oː p t d k ɡ q t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r w j","-","# p t d k ɡ q t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r w j","i iː u uː e eː ø øː a aː o oː","# p t k q t͡ʃ ʃ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r w j jl jʎ jr jt jk",
"nort2699","kfb","Northwestern Kolami",78.4934,20.1022,"Dravidian","BOOK","Emeneau, Murray B.","1961","Kolami: A Dravidian Language","Annamalai University",,,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s z r l m n ŋ v ʝ a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s z r l m n v ʝ","a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s z r l m n v mb nd nɖ nz nl ʈl ɖl nɖl dn ŋn rn ln vn pt mt mpt nt ʈt ɖt nɖt kt ŋkt st nst vt rt lt ʝt md ʝd vr rs nlʈ ʈlt ɖlt nln ʈln ɖln nɖlt nɖln ŋk ŋɡ ɖn ɖŋ rŋ lŋ ʝŋ rt",
"nung1282","nun","Nung (Myanmar)",98.7333,27.2887,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Sun, Hongkai and Liu, Guangkun","2009","A grammar of Anong: Language death under intense contact","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʑ f s ʂ ɕ x h v z ʐ ʑ ɣ m̥ n̥ ɳ̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɬ l ɭ ɹ i e ɛ a o u ɯ y ɑ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɑ̃ õ ũ ɯ̃","55 33 53 31 35","# p t ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʒ d͡ʑ f s ʃ ɕ x h v z ʒ ʑ ɣ m̥ n̥ ɳ̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɬ l ɭ ɹ pɹ pʰɹ bɹ mɹ fɹ vɹ kʰɹ ɡɹ xɹ ʔb ʔd ʔɖ ʔɡ ʔd͡z ʔd͡ʒ ʔd͡ʑ ʔm ʔn ʔl ʔɳ ʔɲ ʔŋ ʔbɹ","m n ɲ ŋ z i e ɛ a o u ɯ y ɑ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ɑ̃ õ ũ ɯ̃ iɛ̃ iɑ̃ uɛ̃ uɑ̃ ie iɛ ia iɑ io iu iɯ ui ue uɛ ua uɑ yi ye yɛ yɑ ɯi zu ei ai ɑi ɑu iɑu uɑi","# m mʔ n nʔ ɳ ɲ ŋ ŋʔ ʔ",
"waig1243","wbk","Nuristani Kalasha",70.993533,35.191171,"Indo-European","BOOK","Degener, Almuth","1998","Die Sprache von Nisheygram im afghanischen Hindukusch","Otto Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"k p t ʈ ɡ b d ɖ ŋ m n ʂ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ʃ x f s ʂ ʃ h ɣ z ʐ d͡ʒ l ɽ ɾ w ɹ j i y u e ø o æ a aː ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ ø̃ õ æ̃ ã ãː","-","# k p t ʈ ɡ b d ɖ m n ʂ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ʃ x f s ʂ ʃ h ɣ z ʐ d͡ʒ l ɾ w ɹ j bɾ bɹ t͡st dɾ ɡɾ kɾ kɹ ks mɾ mɹ pl pɾ pɹ pɽ ps pʃ pʃt st sʈ ʃt ʃtɾ ʃtj ʂp ʂʈ tɾ ʈɾ","i y u e ø o æ a aː ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ ø̃ õ æ̃ ã ãː","# C kt nt͡ʃ nt͡s nd ndr nf nt nɖ ɳʈ jk jw","The list of singleton codas was not provided. It is assumed that all medial clusters given by the source are heterosyllabic. /ɹ/ occurs only intervocally or postconsonantally. It is uncertain whether it can occur as a singleton onset. As it occurs as a part of the onset clusters, it is assumed that it occurs as a singleton onset as well. It is uncertain whether /sʈ/ is an initial cluster or a medial cluster, as no example was given. Here it is assumed that it is an intial cluster."
"nyah1250","cbn","Nyahkur",101.515,15.8909,"Austroasiatic","MASTERSTHESIS","Memanas, Payau","1979","A description of Chaobon (ɲahkur): an Austroasiatic language in Thailand",,"Mahidol University",,,,,,,,"i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ə əː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː ĩː ã ĩ ə̃ p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d m n ɲ ŋ f ç h l ɽ w j","-","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d m n ɲ ŋ f h l ɽ w j pl pɽ pʰl pʰɽ tɽ tʰl tʰɽ kl kɽ kw kʰɭ kʰɽ kʰw cʰɽ ŋw ɲc nc mp hl ŋk ncʰ mpʰ hr ŋkʰ nt mb hm ŋh ntʰ ml hn nk mr hŋ nkʰ hpʰ nd nn nɽ nl nkl mpl hnd nɽ mpʰɽ nhl","i iː e eː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ə əː a aː u uː o oː ɔ ɔː iə ɯə uə ĩː ã ĩə̃","# p t c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ h l ç w j ɽ",
"occi1239","oci","Occitan",6.82979,44.1415,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Wheeler, Max","1988","Occitan","Croom Helm",,"The Romance Languages","Harris, Martin and Vincent, Nigel",,"246--278",,,,"p t t͡ʃ k b d d͡ʒ ɡ f s v z m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ j w i y u e ɛ ɔ a o","-","?","?","?","Consonants that are ``phonemically marginal, or are absent in some dialects'' are excluded."
"oriy1255","ory","Odia",85,21,"Indo-European","BOOK","Neukom, Lukas and Patnaik, Manideepa","2003","A grammar of Oriya","Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft",,,,,,,,,"p t̪ t c k pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d̪ d ɟ ɡ b̤ d̪̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ s h l ɭ r j i u e o ɔ a iː uː eː oː ɔː aː ĩː ũː ẽː õː ɔ̃ː ãː","-","# p t̪ t c k pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ b d̪ d ɟ ɡ b̤ d̪̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ m n s h l r j","i u e o ɔ a iː uː eː oː ɔː aː ĩː ũː ẽː õː ɔ̃ː ãː ie ia iɔ iu ei eu ai ae aɔ au ɔi ɔe ɔu ui ue ua uɔ","# m n ɳ","It is unclear whether all short oral vowels have long nasal counterparts. Here it is assumed they do. Non-nasal codas may occur in loanwords and onomatopoeia, but given the lack of a comprehensive description, they are not included here."
"kalm1243","xal","Oirad-Kalmyk-Darkhat",45.316667,46.566667,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Chaganqada 查干哈达","1985","Mengguyu qinghai tuyude yuyin tedian 蒙古语青海土语的语音特点 [Phonetic characters of Qinghai vernacular Mongolian]","Minzu yuwen 民族语文",,,,,"30--36",,4,,"ɑ e i o u ø y ɑː eː iː oː uː øː yː ɛː ə p pʰ m t tʰ n l r s t͡s t͡sʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j ɢ k kʰ x ŋ pʲ mʲ tʲ nʲ lʲ rʲ kʲ","-","# C","ɑ e i o u ø y ɑː eː iː oː uː øː yː ɛː ə uɛ ou","# C CC","The ``weakened'' vowels are assumed to be allophones of short vowels, except for /ə/ which has only a weak variant."
"okin1246","okn","Oki-No-Erabu",128.619,27.3738,"Japonic","PHDTHESIS","Tokunaga-Yokoyama 横山（徳永）, Akiko 晶子","2017","Ryūkyū Okinoerabu Kunigami Hogen no bunpo 琉球沖永良部島国頭方言の文法 [A Grammar of Okinoerabu-Kunigami Dialect, Ryukyuan]",,"Hitotsubashi University 一橋大学",,,,,,,,"a i u e o aː iː uː eː oː j w p b t d n k ɡ ʔ m mˀ n ɴ ɾ ɸ s z t͡s h p","R","# j w p b t d n k ɡ ʔ m mˀ n ɾ ɸ s z t͡s h p ʔj ʔw kj ɡj sj zj t͡sj nj hj bj mj rj mˀj kw ɡw","a i u e o aː iː uː eː oː ai ui oi oe","# ɴ p k t͡s t ɸ s",
"oman1239","acx","Omani Arabic",58.5,23.25,"Afro-Asiatic","PHDTHESIS","Glover, Bonnie Carol","1988","The morphophonology of Muscat Arabic",,"University of California at Los Angeles",,,,,,,,"b t d k ɡ q ʔ tˤ f θ ð s z ç x ɣ ħ ʕ h ðˤ sˤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n l r w j i iː u uː eː oː a aː","-","# b t d k ɡ q ʔ tˤ f θ ð s z ç x ɣ ħ ʕ h ðˤ sˤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n l r w j CC","i iː u uː eː oː a aː","# b t d k ɡ q ʔ tˤ f θ ð s z ç x ɣ ħ ʕ h ðˤ sˤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n l r w j CC",
"ormu1247","oru","Ormuri",69.3444,32.6819,"Indo-European","BOOK","Efimov, Valentin A.","2011","The Ormuri Language in Past and Present","Forum for Language Initiatives",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a ɔ p b t d k ɡ m n t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ w f s z ʃ ʒ x χ ʁ h l r j","-","# C CC","i u e o a ɔ","# C CC","Logar variety. Only the native stratum reflected. ``Postalveolar'' sibilants interpreted as palato-alveolar."
"oroc1248","oac","Oroch",137.851,50.3235,"Tungusic","INCOLLECTION","Kazama, Shinjiro","2023","Oroch","Routledge",,"The Tungusic languages","Vovin, Alexander and Alonso de la Fuente, José Andrés and Janhunen, Juha",,"294--325",,,,"u ʊ ə a i uː ʊː əː aː iː m n ɲ ŋ b d ɟ ɡ p t c k s x w j l r","-","# C","u ʊ ə a i uː ʊː əː aː iː ia ui ʊi oi ei ai eu aʊ iu ua ʊe iaʊ iai","# C","The list of diphthongs and triphthongs is assumed to be comprehensive."
"main1267","vmf","Ostfränkisch",8.621,50.005,"Indo-European","BOOK","Pützer, Manfred","1989","Die Mundart von Grossrosseln: Phonetik und Morphologie [The dialect of Grossrosseln: phonetics and morphology]","Saarbrücker Dr. u. Verl.",,,,,,,,,"iː i ɪː ɪ eː e ɛː ɛ aː a uː u ʊː ʊ oː o ɔː ɔ ə pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k m n ŋ l ʁ fʰ sʰ ʃ h f s j","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k m n l ʁ fʰ ʃ h f s j ʔ pl pʁ tʁ tsʰ kn kʁ kl kf fʰl fʰʁ ʃp ʃm ʃl ʃf ʃt ʃn ʃʁ tsʰf ʃpʁ ʃpl ʃtʁ tm tn ts ʃsʰ sʰt sʰm sʰn tsʰt tsʰm tsʰn ʃtm ʃtn ʃtsʰ ʃts ʃsʰt ʃsʰm ʃsʰn ʃtm ʃtn","iː i ɪː ɪ eː e ɛː ɛ aː a uː u ʊː ʊ oː o ɔː ɔ ə ai au ʊi","# p t k m n ŋ l ʁ fʰ sʰ ʃ h pt psʰ pʃ tsʰ tʃ kt ksʰ kʃ mp mfʰ mʃ mt msʰ nt nsʰ nfʰ nʃ ŋt ŋsʰ ŋk ŋʃ lp lk lsʰ lt lm lʃ ʁp ʁm ʁl ʁsʰ ʁt ʁn ʁfʰ ʁʃ fʰt fʰsʰ fʰʃ sʰt ʃp ʃt ʃsʰ ht hsʰ hʃ ptsʰ psʰt pʃsʰ ptʃ pʃt tsʰt tʃt tʃsʰ ktsʰ kʃt ksʰt kʃsʰ mpsʰ mtsʰ msʰt mʃsʰ mpʃ mtʃ mʃt ntsʰ nsʰt nʃsʰ ntʃ nʃt ŋtsʰ ŋkt ŋkʃ ŋʃt ŋtʃ ŋksʰ ŋsʰt ŋʃsʰ lpsʰ ltsʰ lfʰt lsʰt lʃsʰ lpʃ ltʃ lfʰʃ lʃt ʁpt ʁtsʰ ʁkʃ ʁmʃ ʁnʃ ʁlʃ ʁʃt ʁpsʰ ʁkt ʁmt ʁnt ʁlt ʁfʰt ʁʃsʰ ʁpʃ ʁksʰ ʁmsʰ ʁnsʰ ʁlsʰ ʁfʰʃ fʰtsʰ fʰʃtʰ fʰʃsʰ sʰtsʰ ʃtsʰ ʃtʃ htsʰ hʃt htʃ hʃsʰ ptʃt ptʃsʰ tʃtsʰ ktʃt ksʰtsʰ kʃtsʰ mpʃt mtʃt msʰtsʰ mpʃsʰ mtʃsʰ mʃtsʰ ntsʰt ntʃsʰ nʃtsʰ ntʃt nsʰtsʰ ŋtʃt ŋktʃ ŋkʃsʰ ŋtʃsʰ ŋkʃt lptsʰ lpʃt ltʃt lfʰtsʰ lsʰtsʰ lpsʰt ltsʰt ltʃsʰ lfʰʃsʰ lʃtsʰ ʁptsʰ ʁtʃt ʁkʃt ʁmʃsʰ ʁmʃsʰ ʁnʃsʰ ʁlʃsʰ ʁʃtsʰ ʁpst ʁtʃsʰ ʁkʃsʰ ʁnts ʁlts ʁfʰtsʰ ʁʃtʃ ʁpʃt ʁktsʰ ʁmtsʰ ʁntʃ ʁltʃ ʁfʰʃt ʁbʃsʰ ʁksʰt ʁmʃt ʁnʃt ʁlʃt ʁfʰʃsʰ fʰtsʰt fʰtʃt fʰʃtsʰ ʃtʃt htʃt hʃtsʰ ptʃtsʰ psʰtʃt tsʰtʃt ksʰtʃt mptʃt mpʃtsʰ mfʰtʃt mʃtʃt ntsʰtsʰ nsʰtʃtʰ ntʃtsʰ nʃtʃt ŋtʃtsʰ ktʃt ŋkʃtsʰ lptʃt ltsʰtsʰ lktʃt lfʰʃtsʰ lʃtʃt lpʃtsʰ ltʃtsʰ lmtʃt lsʰtʃt ʁptʃt ʁktʃt ʁmtʃt ʁntʃsʰ ʁltʃsʰ ʁfʰʃtsʰ ʁpʃtsʰ ʁɡsʰtsʰ ʁmʃtsʰ ʁnʃtsʰ ʁlʃtsʰ ʁʃtʃt ʁtʃtsʰ ʁkʃtsʰ ʁntʃt ʁltʃt ʁfʰtʃt ntsʰtʃt ntʃtʃt lpsʰtʃt ltsʰtʃt ltʃtʃt ʁpsʰtʃt ʁntʃtsʰ ʁksʰtʃt ʁltʃtsʰ lfʰ ʁk mfʰʃ lmʃ",
"pahn1237","pha","Pa-Hng",105.165,22.8049,"Hmong-Mien","BOOK","Mao, Zongwu and Li, Yunbing","1997","Bāhēngyǔ yánjiū 巴哼语研究 [The Baheng language]","Shanghai Yuandong Chubanshe 上海远东出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b̤ m m̤ m̥ v v̤ f pʲ pʰʲ b̤ʲ mʲ m̤ʲ t tʰ d̤ n n̤ n̥ l l̤ l̥ s tʲ tʰʲ lʲ l̤ʲ l̥ʲ tʷ tʰʷ sʷ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ̤ ɲ ɲ̤ ɲ̥ j j̤ ɕ k kʰ ɡ̤ ŋ ŋ̤ ŋ̥ h kʷ kʰʷ ɡ̤ʷ q qʰ ɢ̤ i ĩ ɪ ɪ̃ e ẽ ɛ ɛ̃ a ã ɔ ɔ̃ o õ ɤ ʉ","35 33 31 55 44 53","p pʰ b̤ m m̤ m̥ v v̤ f pʲ pʰʲ b̤ʲ mʲ m̤ʲ t tʰ d̤ n n̤ n̥ l l̤ l̥ s tʲ tʰʲ lʲ l̤ʲ l̥ʲ tʷ tʰʷ sʷ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ̤ ɲ ɲ̤ ɲ̥ j j̤ ɕ k kʰ ɡ̤ ŋ ŋ̤ ŋ̥ h kʷ kʰʷ ɡ̤ʷ q qʰ ɢ̤ mp mpʲ nt ɲt͡ɕ ŋk ɴq mb̤ mb̤ʲ nd̤ ɲd͡ʑ̤ ŋɡ̤ ɴɢ̤ m̥p ɲ̥t͡ɕ ʔ","ŋ ŋ̤ i ĩ ɪ ɪ̃ e ẽ ɛ ɛ̃ a ã ɔ ɔ̃ o õ ɤ ʉ","# n ŋ","The Wenjie variety. <pɦ tɦ tɕɦ kɦ qɦ> are transcribed as <b̤ d̤ d͡ʑ̤ ɡ̤ ɢ̤>. The source describes that ``there are eight classes of tones and six values of tones'' (p. 6). Here the tones are transcribed into six tones."
"paco1243","pac","Pacoh",107.094,16.3353,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Alves, Mark J.","2006","A grammar of Pacoh: a Mon-Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam",,"Pacific Linguistics",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ m n ɲ ŋ ʃ h r l w j wˀ jˀ i e iː eː ɨ ɤ ɨː ɤː u o uː oː a","-","p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ m n ɲ ŋ ʃ h r l w j kl kr kp pr tr","i e iː eː ɨ ɤ ɨː ɤː u o uː oː iə ɨə uə i̙ e̙ i̙ː e̙ː ɨ̙ ɤ̙ ɨ̙ː ɤ̙ː u̙ o̙ u̙ː o̙ː i̙ə ɨ̙ə u̙ə a m n ɲ ŋ r l","# p t c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ ʃ h r l w j wˀ jˀ","Vietnamese loanwords may have different onset clusters, which are not included here."
"pait1244","pck","Paite Chin",93.6136,24.0381,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Singh, Naorem Saratchandra","1985","A descriptive grammar of Paite",,"Manipur University",,,,,,,,"p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ b d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ l v s x h i u e ə o a","R RF F FR M","# p t c k pʰ tʰ b d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ l v s x h","i u e ə o a əi ai ei ui oi əu au iu eu ia ua iai uai iau uau","# p t k m n ŋ l ʔ s lʔ","The diphthongs transcribed as <Vj> or <Vw> are transcribed as <Vi> and <Vu> respectively, given the absence of the phonemes /j w/."
"phal1254","phl","Palula",71.8421,35.5096,"Indo-European","BOOK","Liljegren, Henrik","2016","A grammar of Palula","Language Science Press",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ s ʂ ɕ x h z ʑ ɣ m n ɳ ɾ ɽ l w j i iː u uː e eː a aː o oː","H","# C CC CCC","i iː u uː e eː a aː o oː VV","# C CC CCC",
"para1299","prc","Parachi",70.8805,36.0432,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Morgenstierne, Georg","1973","Parachi","Universitetsforlaget",,"Parachi and Ormuri",,,"1--304, 417--428",,,"2","i u e o ɛ ɔ æ ɑ p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ f s ç x h sʰ z ʝ ɣ m n ɳ m̥ n̥ r ɽ r̥ l l̥ w j","-","?","?","?","``Length distinction appears to be unheld only in Persian loans. While there is strong systemic interference from Kaboli Persian, the system of Parachi appears to be more determined by vocalic quality than length, and thus tends toward a system similar to Pashto, except for phonemie ə in the latter'' (p. 694). /v ŋ/ in the phoneme inventory table were transcribed with parantheses but were not specified as loan phonemes. Therefore I assume that they are allophones of other phonemes."
"pela1242","bxd","Pela",97.9183,24.2142,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Dai 載, Qingxia 慶廈 and Jiang 蔣, Ying 穎 and Kong 孔, Zhi'en 志恩","2007","Bolayu Yanjiu 波拉语研究 [A Study of the Bola Language]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʲ t k kʲ pʰ pʰʲ tʰ kʰ kʰʲ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ f s ʃ x v ʒ ɣ j m mʲ n ŋ ŋʲ l z z̰ i ḭ ɛ ɛ̰ ɛ̰̃ ɛ̰̃ a a̰ ɔ ɔ̰ ɔ̰̃ ɔ̰̃ u ṵ ø ø̰ ø̃ ə","55 35 31 51","# p pʲ t k kʲ pʰ pʰʲ tʰ kʰ kʰʲ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ f s ʃ x v ʒ ɣ j m mʲ n ŋ ŋʲ l","m ŋ z z̰ i ḭ ɛ ɛ̰ ɛ̰̃ ɛ̰̃ a a̰ ɔ ɔ̰ ɔ̰̃ ɔ̰̃ u ṵ ø ø̰ ø̃ ə ai a̰i au a̰u ɔi ui ṵi əi","# m n ŋ p t k ʔ","It is not certain whether the syllabic consonants described, /m ŋ/, are the only ones."
"peri1253","mvf","Peripheral Mongolian",110.157,42.4208,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Chaganqada 查干哈达","1996","Mengguyu keerqin tuyu yanjiu 蒙古语科尔沁土语研究 [A Study of Mongolian Horqin Dialect]","Shehui Kexue Wenxian Chubanshe 社会科学文献出版社",,,,,,,,,"ɑ ə i ɔ ʊ u ɛ œ y ɑː əː iː ɔː ʊː uː ɛː œː yː ɯː ə̆ ĭ p pʰ m f w d t n l r s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j k kʰ ŋ x nː lː t͡ʃʰː","-","# p pʰ m f w t tʰ n l r s t͡ʃ j k kʰ ŋ x","nː lː t͡ʃʰː ɑ ə i ɔ ʊ u ɛ œ y ɑː əː iː ɔː ʊː uː ɛː œː yː ɯː ə̆ ĭ uɑ uə uɛ yɛ iɑ iɔ iu","# p pʰ m t tʰ n l r s t͡ʃ ʃ k x ŋ j w ptʰ pt͡ʃ pʃ mt mtʰ mt͡ʃ mʃ nt ntʰ ns nt͡ʃ nʃ lt ltʰ ls lt͡ʃ lʃ rt rtʰ rs rt͡ʃ rʃ stʰ xtʰ xs xʃ ŋt ŋtʰ ŋʃ ŋx","The source notes that /p/ and /w/ normally appears word-initially but can also appear word-medially and word-finally in some words (p. 18). But it does not provide an example of word-final /w/. Here I interpret the source as both /p/ and /w/ appearing word-finally. The source provides a list of geminates and notes that /nː lː t͡ʃʰː/ can either appear word-finally as syllabic consonants or be divided into two syllables, whereas other geminates can only be divided into two syllables (p. 22-23). Based on this, I interpret /nː lː t͡ʃʰː/ as long consonant phonemes and other geminates as consonant sequences."
"phom1236","nph","Phom Naga",94.7476,26.4715,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Bano, Atiqua","2008","A descriptive study of Phom language",,"North-Eastern Hill University",,,,,,,,"i e ɨ ə u o ɔ ʌ a p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ c ʔ m n ɲ ŋ ɣ ɕ h l w j","H L M","# p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ c m n ɲ ŋ ɣ ɕ h l w j kɲ","i e ɨ ə u o ɔ ʌ a ei ai au oi","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ l ʔŋ","``Post-alveolar fricative'' <Š> is transcribed here as <ɕ>."
"piem1238","pms","Piemontese",8.32366,45.4633,"Indo-European","BOOK","Tosco, Mauro and Miola, Emanuele and Duberti, Nicola","2023","A grammar of Piedmontese: A minority language of northwest Italy","Brill",,,,,,,,,"b p d t ɡ k m n ɲ ŋ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ v f z s r w j l i y u e ø ə ɔ æ a","-","# b p d t ɡ k m n ɲ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ v f z s r w j l pr pj pl pn tr tj tl tn kr kj kw kl br bj bl bn dr dj dl dn dm ɡr ɡj ɡw ɡl ɡn mn fr fj fl vr vj vl sj sw sp st sk st͡ʃ sf zb zd zl zɡ zm zn zɲ zd͡ʒ zv spr spl spj str stl skr skl sfr sfj zbr zbl zbj zɡr zɡl zvj zvn","i y u e ø ə ɔ æ a","# b p d t ɡ k m n ɲ d͡ʒ t͡ʃ v f z s r w j l [rlmn][ptkbdɡvsz]","In the absence of a comprehensive list of word-medial clusters, word-initial and word-final restrictions are interpreted as onset and coda restrictions."
"pite1240","sje","Pite Saami",17.4261,66.4011,"Uralic","BOOK","Wilbur, Joshua","2014","A grammar of Pite Saami","Language Science Press",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ pː h͡pː t tʰ tː h͡tː k kʰ kː h͡kː t͡s t͡sʰ t͡sː h͡t͡sː t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃː h͡t͡ʃː f fː v vː s sː ʃ ʃː h m mː n nː ɲ ɲː ŋ ŋː r rː l lː j jː i u e o ɛ ɔ a aː","-","# C pr pl tr kn kr kl sp st sk sv ʃk ʃv fr fl sm sn sɲ sl ʃm ʃɲ ʃl str skr","ə i u e o ɛ ɔ a aː ua","# C vt vk rp lp jp rt lt jt rk lk st jt lt rt rm lm jk jst",
"pnar1238","pbv","Pnar",92.2628,24.8237,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Ring, Hiram","2015","A grammar of Pnar",,"Nanyang Technological University",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t̪ d̪ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ɲ ŋ s h l r w j i u e o ɛ ɔ a","-","# p b t d k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t̪ d̪ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ɲ ŋ s h l r w j pt pd pʔ ps pt͡ʃ pl pr pn pʰl pʰr pʰn bh bl br bn tp tb td tk tkʰ tl tr tm tn tŋ tʰl tʰr tʰm tʰn tʰŋ dkʰ dh dr dŋ kp kb kt ktʰ kd kʔ ks kt͡ʃ kd͡ʒ kl kr km kn kɲ kʰl kʰr kʰm kʰn kʰɲ sp sb st sd sk skʰ sʔ sl sr sm sn sɲ sŋ t͡ʃb t͡ʃd t͡ʃk t͡ʃʔ t͡ʃl t͡ʃr t͡ʃn t͡ʃŋ d͡ʒh d͡ʒl d͡ʒr d͡ʒŋ lʔ lm lŋ rb rd rk rkʰ rm rn rŋ mr mn","i u e o ɛ ɔ a ia","# p t d t̪ d̪ ʔ d͡ʒ m n ɲ ŋ l r w j",
"poli1260","pol","Polish",18.6255,51.8439,"Indo-European","BOOK","Bartnicka, Barbara and Hansen, Björn and Klemm, Wojtek","2004","Grammatik des Polnischen [Polish grammar]","Otto Sagner",,,,,,,,,"ɑ ɔ ɛ u ɨ i j w l r m n ɲ ŋ b p v f d͡z t͡s d t z s d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʒ ʃ ʑ ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ ɡ k ɣ x","-","# j w m n ɲ l r p b t d k ɡ f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ CC CCC CCCC","ɑ ɔ ɛ u ɨ i VV VVV","# j w l r m n ŋ b p v f d͡z t͡s d t z s d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʒ ʃ ʑ ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ ɡ k ɣ x CC CCC CCCC",
"pont1253","pnt","Pontic",36.097421,41.266015,"Indo-European","BOOK","Drettas, Georges","1997","Aspects pontiques [Pontic aspects]","Association de recherches pluridisciplinaires",,,,,,,,,"p m f v t θ ð n m s z ʃ l ɾ k x ɣ j i e æ a o u","-","# p m f v t θ ð n m s z ʃ l ɾ k x ɣ j t͡s t͡ʃ ps ks ft st tɾ vɾ pt kt pʃ kʃ pl kl pɾ kɾ kj sp sk ʃk xt fl xl fɾ θɾ xɾ vz vɣ vl ɣl ðɾ ɣɾ mn ɣn nt stɾ kj","i e æ a o u","# p m f v t θ ð n m s z ʃ l ɾ k x ɣ j t͡s t͡ʃ ps ks ft st tr vr fs θs xs vs ms js ʃt jʃ ɾt nt nk ft͡s nt͡s nt͡ʃ lt͡s ɾt͡s ntɾ",
"port1283","por","Portuguese",-8.1,39.91,"Indo-European","BOOK","Azevedo, Milton M.","2005","Portuguese: A linguistic introduction","Cambridge University Press",,,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ f v s z ʃ ʒ m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ ʀ j w a e ɛ i o ɔ u ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ","-","# p b t d k ɡ f v s z ʃ ʒ m n ɲ l ʎ ɾ ʀ pl pr kl kr bl br ɡl ɡr tl tr dr vl vr fl fr ps pn ɡn","a e ɛ i o ɔ u ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ iw ew ɛw aw ow uj ej ɛj aj oj ɔj uj ẽj ãj õj ũj ãw","# l ɾ s","``Portuguese sequences of [j] + vowel or [w] + vowel are unstable and tend to be pronounced as [i] + vowel or [u] + vowel, respectively. Thus depending on pronunciation style we may have either a diphthong or a hiatus, that is as two contiguous vowels in separate syllables'' (p. 29). The source also provides two possible analyses of nasal vowels: Nasal vowel phonemes or oral vowels followed by /n/ and realized as nasal vowels. Here I interpret them as phonemes."
"pras1239","prn","Prasun",70.922783,35.420531,"Indo-European","BOOK","Buddruss, Georg and Degener, Almuth","2017","Materialien zur Prasun-Sprache des afghanischen Hindukusch, Teil II: Grammatik [Materials on the Prasun Language of Afghan Hindu Kush, Part II: Grammar]","Harvard University Press",,,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ m n v s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ t͡s d͡z ʈ͡ʂ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ l j ɾ pʰ f ɸ x ɣ h i y ɨ u e ə ɛ œ ɔ a aː","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ m n v s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ t͡s d͡z ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ l j ɾ pʰ f ɸ x h t͡sp t͡ʃt͡ʃ t͡ʃk t͡ʃp ʈ͡ʂn ʈ͡ʂt kt͡ʃ kt͡s kk ks kt kʈ pt͡s pk pɸ ps pʃ pʂ ʃt͡ʃ ʂp tt͡ʃ tk tɸ tk ʃt bj dj ɡj kj lj mj nj pj sj tj wj zj ʒj bɾ tɾ dɾ kɾ ɡɾ sɾ vɾ kst͡s kst ksw kʃt͡ʃ kʃt kʂl kʂm kʂm kʂʈ kkv t͡skv t͡ʃkj pst͡s psn pst pʃt͡ʃ pʃl pʃm pʃt pʂl pʂʈ tt͡ʃk tʃt͡ʃ kʃtɾ kʃtj pʃtj","i y ɨ u e ə ɛ œ ɔ a aː ai ɛi iə ɔi œi ui yɔ aa aːa oo","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ m n v s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ʃ l ɾ x ɣ nɖ nd nt nd͡z nd͡ʒ nɡ mb ɾɡ ɾn ɾɾ ɾs ɾʃ lf ld͡z lk ɡʃ st ʃt ʃk zm nɖʃ ndʃ ntʃ CCʃ CCt͡ʃ",
"puxi1243","cpx","Pu-Xian Chinese",118.68,25.37,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Fújiàn Shěng Dìfāngzhì Biānzuǎn Wěiyuánhuì Biān","1999","Fujiansheng zhi / Fangyan zhi 福建省志 / 方言志 [Fujian province / Dialect]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ ɬ k kʰ ŋ h ʔ a ɒ o e œ i u ɔ y","533 13 453 42 11 21 4 35","# p pʰ m t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ ɬ k kʰ ŋ h","a ɒ o e œ i u ia iu ua ue ui au ɔu iau y yɒ ŋ","# ŋ ʔ",
"puma1239","pum","Puma",86.838,27.0774,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Sharma, Narayan Prasad","2014","Morphosyntax of Puma, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal",,"University of London",,,,,,,,"p b pʰ b̤ t d tʰ d̤ ʈ ɖ ʈʰ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ m m̥ n n̥ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ r r̥ s l w j h i e ʌ a u o","-","# p b pʰ b̤ t d tʰ d̤ ʈ ɖ ʈʰ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ m m̥ n n̥ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ r r̥ s l w j h Cw Cj NC","i e ʌ a u o ai ia au ua ae ui iu uo ʌi oi","# p b pʰ b̤ t d tʰ d̤ ʈ ɖ ʈʰ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ m n n̥ r s l w j h CC",
"puri1258","prx","Purik-Sham-Nubra",76.0127,34.3386,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Zemp, Marius","2017","A Grammar of Purik Tibetan","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ d͡z d͡ʒ s ʃ ʂ χ h z ʒ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l r ɽ w j a e o i u","-","# p t ʈ k q pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ d͡z d͡ʒ s ʃ ʂ χ h z ʒ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l r ɽ w j sp spr spj ʂp ɬp pr pj pw pʰr pʰj zb zbr zbj zbw rb br bj bw st str stj ʂt ɬt ɬtj ɬtw tr tj tw tʰr tʰj tʰw zd zdr zdj rd rdj rdw ld ldj dr dj ɬʈ ɬʈj ɬʈw ʈj ʈw ʈʰj lɖ lɖw ɖj ɖw sk skr skj skw ʂk kw ʂkj kr kj kw kʰʂ kʰj zɡ zɡr zɡj zɡw rɡ rɡj ɡr ɡj sq ʂt͡s ʂt͡sw ɬt͡s rd͡z ld͡z ʂt͡ʃ ɬt͡ʃ rd͡ʒ ld͡ʒ sj sw zw ʃw ʂj ʂw hj rj rw lw ɬj ɬw sm smj ʂm sn ʂn sɲ ʂɲ","a e o i u","# p t k m n ŋ r l s ps ts ks ms ns ŋs rs ls","``Many more [onset] clusters are possible in morphologically derived forms, since a
stem final vowel is often turned into a glide in that position, cf. [kʰwa] (< kʰo-a) (p. 36)
`to her/him' ...''"
"pwoe1235","kjp","Pwo Eastern Karen",98.7355,15.1915,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Kato 加藤, Atsuhiko 昌彦","2004","Pō karen-go bunpō ポー・カレン語文法 [A Pwo Karen grammar]",,"University of Tokyo 東京大学",,,,,,,,"p t̪ t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ ɓ ɗ ɕ x h ɣ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ ɴ w j l r i ɨ ɯ ɪ ʊ e ə o ɛ a ɔ","44 33 22 52","p t̪ t t͡ɕ k ʔ pʰ tʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ ɓ ɗ ɕ x h ɣ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ w j l r pw pl pr pj t̪w tw t͡ɕw kw kl kr ʔw pʰl pʰj tʰw t͡ɕʰw kʰw kʰl ɓw ɓl ɗw ɗj xw hw mw ml mj nw ɲw jw lw lj","i ɨ ɯ ɪ ʊ e ə o ɛ a ɔ ai aʊ","# ɴ",
"qash1240","qxq","Qashqa'i",52.83349,28.25931,"Turkic","BOOK","Dolatkhah, Sohrab","2019","Qashqai Turkic: A Comprehensive Corpus-based Grammar","LINCOM",,,,,,,,,"u i ɯ o e æ ɑ p t k q b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ x h v z m n ŋ r l ʒ ʔ","-","?","?","?",
"rabh1238","rah","Rabha",91.1689,25.8248,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Joseph, U. V.","2007","Rabha","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p t c k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ s h r l i ɨ u e o a","H L","# p t c k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɟ ɡ m n ŋ s h r l pr tr cr kr pʰr kʰr br dr ɟr ɡr mr sr tʰr ɡl stʰ ntʰ pl bl sl pʰl tl cl dl kl kʰl","i ɨ u e o a ai ao au oi eo ui iu ɨi","# p t k m n ŋ r l s",
"rajb1243","rjs","Rajbanshi",88.038582,26.521945,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Wilde, Christopher P.","2008","A Sketch of the Phonology and Grammar of Rājbanshi",,"University of Helsinki",,,,,,,,"i e ʌ æ o u p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ r r̥ l l̥ j w","-","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m n r l l̥ j w","i e ʌ æ o u eu iu æu ʌu ei æi ʌi ui","# p pʰ b t tʰ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s m n ŋ m̥ n̥ ŋ̥ r r̥ l","The distribution of the consonants are only given for word-initial, intervocalic, and word-final positions and the list of word-medial CC clusters were not given. Here, the word-initial and word-final contraints are interpreted as onset and coda constraints."
"ravu1237","yea","Ravula",75.6265,12.3231,"Dravidian","BOOK","Mallikarjun, B.","1993","A Descriptive Analysis of Yerava","Central Institute of Indian Languages",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ c͡ç m n ɳ ɲ l ɭ r w j","-","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ c͡ç m n ɳ ɲ l ɭ r w j","i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ c͡ç m n ɳ ɲ l ɭ r w j jn jm rn","The syllabification proposed by the source (Section 2.8) is unclear and inconsistent. Given that no finals or complex initials are possible and that medial clusters are biconsonantal except for /jnɡ jmb rnd/, I interpret the biconsonantal medial clusters and coda-onset sequences and /jnɡ jmb rnd/ as /jn.ɡ jm.b rn.d/ based on sonority hierarchy."
"roma1327","ron","Romanian",24.2256,46.3913,"Indo-European","BOOK","Chitoran, Ioana","2001","The Phonology of Romanian","De Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ t͡s f v s z ʃ ʒ h m n l ɾ j w i ɨ u e ə o a ĕ ŏ","-","# p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ t͡s f v s z ʃ ʒ h m n l ɾ j w sp sk stsf zb zɡ zd zv ʃk ʃp ʃt ʃf ʃv ʒɡ ʒd sm sn sl ʃm ʃn ʃl zm zl ʒn tɾ kl kɾ pl pɾ dɾ ɡl ɡɾ bɾ bl fl fɾ vl vɾ hɾ hl ml mɾ kn pn bj pj ɡj kj dj vj fj zj mj kt spl spr ʃpl ʃpɾ stɾ ʃtɾ zdɾ skl skɾ zɡl zɡɾ sfɾ","i ɨ u e ə o a ĕa ŏa","# p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ t͡s f v s z ʃ ʒ h m n l ɾ j w CC CCC","It wasn't clear whether the list of complex codas provided by the source was comprehensive."
"roma1326","roh","Romansh",9.92812,46.5538,"Indo-European","BOOK","Maurer-Cecchini, Philippe","2021","A grammar of Tuatschin","Language Science Press",,,,,,,,,"i u ʊ e ɛ ə ɔ ɐ a m n ɲ b d ɡ p t k v z ʒ f s ʃ d͡ʑ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡ʃ r l ʎ","-","# C Pl Pr ʃPl ʃPr","i u ʊ e ɛ ə ɔ ɐ a aj ej iɐ aw ɔw ja jɛ je jɐ jɔ ju wa wɛ we wi","# C CC CCs",
"russ1264","bxr","Russia Buriat",105.564,50.8533,"Mongolic-Khitan","BOOK","Nicholas N. Poppe","1960","Buriat Grammar","Indiana University",,,,,,,,,"i e a o u ɯ iː eː aː oː uː ɯː øː pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n ɸ β s z t͡s ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ r l h χ j w","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n ɸ β s z t͡s ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ r l h χ j w","i e a o u ɯ iː eː aː oː uː ɯː øː ai oi ui ei ɯi","# b d ɡ m n s ɕ r l nɡ","It is not clear what <š ž č> refers to. Here they are transcribed as alveo-palatal. Although the source states that /nɡ/ is the sole permitted coda cluster in non-Russian words (p. 18), on p. 19 it also reports /mo.ridɕ.ni/ `thy horses' where /dɕ/ is seemingly a coda cluster. Thus, more biconsonantal coda clusters seem to be possible via suffixation."
"russ1263","rus","Russian",50,59,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Koga 古賀, Yosiaki 義顕","2007","Gendai rosiagogakuno tameno kisoteki kijyutsuhōno kenkyū 現代ロシア語学のための基礎的記述法の研究 [Research on the basic description for the study of modern Russian]",,"Tokyo University",,,,,,,,"e ɪ a o u p b t d k ɡ pʲ bʲ tʲ dʲ kʲ ɡʲ f v s z ʃ ʒ x fʲ vʲ sʲ zʲ xʲ c cʲ m n mʲ nʲ r rʲ l lʲ ɕʲ ʔ j","-","p ptʲ ps psk psʲ pʃ px pxn pxnʲ pcʲ pn pnʲ pl plʲ pr prʒ prʲ pʲ pʲj b bdʲ bzʲ br brʲ bl blʲ bʲ bʲj t tk tkn tknʲ tkʲ tv tvʲ tmʲ tr trʲ tlʲ tɕʲ tʲ tʲf tʲm tʲmʲ d dv dvʲ dn dnʲ dr drʲ dl dlʲ dʲ dʲmʲ dʲj k kt kv kvʲ kst ksʲ kx kn knʲ kr krʒ krʲ kl klʲ kʲ ɡ ɡdʲ ɡv ɡʒ ɡm ɡn ɡnʲ ɡr ɡrʲ ɡl ɡlʲ ɡʲ f fp fpr fprʲ fpl fplʲ fpʲ ft ftr ftrʲ ftʲ fk fkr fkrʲ fkl fklʲ fkʲ fs fsp fspr fsprʲ fspl fsplʲ fspʲ fst fstr fstrʲ fsk fskr fskrʲ fskl fskʲ fsx fsxr fsxlʲ fsm fsmʲ fsl fsʲ fʃ fx fc fcʲ fr frʲ fl flʲ fʲ v vb vbr vbʲ vd vdr vdv vdvʲ vdʲ vɡ vɡr vɡl vɡlʲ vɡʲ vv vvʲ vz vzb vzblʲ vzbʲ vzd vzdr vzdrʲ vzdʲ vzɡ vzɡr vzɡrʲ vzglʲ vzv vzvʲ vzm vzmʲ vzn vzr vzrʲ vzl vzlʲ vzj vzʲ vʒ vm vmʲ vn vnʲ vr vrʲ vl vlʲ vj vʲ vʲj s sp spr sprʲ spl splʲ spʲ st stv str strʲ stl stʲ sk skv skvʲ skr skrʲ skl sklʲ skʲ sf sfʲ sv svʲ ss ssʲ sʃ sx sxv sxl sxʲ sc sm smr smʲ sn snʲ sr srʲ sl slʲ sj sʲ z zb zbr zbrʲ zblʲ zbʲ zd zdv zdvʲ zdr zdʲ zɡ zɡn zɡnʲ zɡr zɡl zɡʲ zv zvʲ zz zʒ zmʲ zn zr zrʲ zl zlʲ zʲ ʃ ʃp ʃpr ʃprʲ ʃpʲ ʃt ʃtr ʃtrʲ ʃtʲ ʃk ʃkv ʃkl ʃkʲ ʃv ʃm ʃmʲ ʃn ʃnʲ ʃr ʃrʲ ʃl ʃlʲ ʃj ʒ ʒb ʒd ʒdʲ ʒɡ ʒɡl ʒɡlʲ ʒɡʲ ʒv ʒʒ ʒm ʒmʲ ʒn ʒnʲ ʒr ʒrʲ ʒl x xv xm xmʲ xn xr xrʲ xl xlʲ xʲ c cvʲ cʲ cʲt cʲtʲ cʲk cʲv cʲm cʲrʲ cʲlʲ cʲj m md mdʲ mɡn mɡl mɡlʲ mstʲ mzd mzdʲ mʃ mx mxʲ mcʲ mn mnʲ mr mrʲ ml mlʲ mɕʲ mʲ n nr nʲ r rt rtʲ rdʲ rv rvʲ rʒ rʲ rʲj l lb lbʲ lɡ lɡʲ lʒ lʲ lʲd lʲdʲ lʲɡ lʲv lʲvʲ lʲstʲ lʲn lʲnʲ lʲj lʲɕʲ ɕʲ ʔ j","e eɪ ɪ ɪɪ u uɪ a aɪ o oɪ","# p ps pstf pr prʲ pl plʲ pɕʲ pʲ br brʲ bl blʲ t tf tfʲ tsk tstf tx txl tm tr trʲ tl tʲ tʲp dr dl dʲm k kt kf ks kst kstf kʃ kr kl klʲ ɡvʲ ɡm ɡr ɡl ɡlʲ f ft ftʲ fstf fʃ fm fr fʲ vm vr vlʲ s sp st stf str stʲ sk skr skl snʲ sl slʲ sʲ sʲp zv zm zn znʲ zl ʃ ʃp ʃt ʃtʲ ʃf ʃc ʃl ʒm x xt xm xrʲ xl c cʲ cʲt cʲf m mp mbr mblʲ mt mf ms mstf msk mm mn mr mlʲ mʲ n nt ntstf ntr ndr nk nkt ns nstf nstr nsk nʃ nc ncʲ nr nʲ r rp rt rtf rtʲ rk rf rfʲ rs rstf rstʲ rsk rsʲ rʃ rx rc rcʲ rm rn rnʲ rl rɕʲ rʲ rʲpʲ rʲmʲ l lp lt ltʲ lk lfʲ ls lst lxf lcʲ lm lmsk ln lʲ lʲp lʲt lʲtʲ lʲf lʲs lʲstf lʲsʲ lʲʃ lʲc lʲm ɕʲ","Word-initial and word-final clusters interpreted as onset and coda clusters"
"rusy1239","rue","Rusyn",22.9579,48.7171,"Indo-European","BOOK","Pugh, Stefan M.","2009","The Rusyn language : a grammar of the literary standard of Slovakia with reference to Lemko and Subcarpathian Rusyn","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"i ɪ e a o u ɤ k ɡ p b t d x f v s z ç ʝ t͡s d͡z c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n l r j h","-","?","i ɪ e a o u ɤ Vj Vv","?",
"rutu1240","rut","Rutul",47.3244,41.6187,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Alekseev, Mikhail E.","1994","Rutul","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Smeets, Rieks",,"213--258","4",,,"p b pʼ f v t d tʼ tʼʷ t͡s t͡sʷ d͡z t͡sʼ t͡sʼʷ s z zʷ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ d͡ʑʷ t͡ɕʼ t͡ɕʼʷ ɕ ɕʷ k kʷ ɡ ɡʷ kʼ kʼʷ x xʷ ɣ q q⁺ qʷ⁺ qʼ qʼʷ χ χʷ ʁ ʁʷ qˤ qʷˤ qˤ⁺ qˤʼ χˤ χʷˤ ʁˤ ʁʷˤ ʔ h ʡ ħ m n l r j i ʉ ɨ u e o æ a","-","C","i ʉ ɨ u e o æ a","# C RC","I assume that the ``typical syllablc structures'', CV, CVC, and CVOC (p. 217) are the only possible syllable structures. The sign <:> (as in <q:>) is interpreted as fortis. <r> is interpreted as a trill."
"sadr1248","sck","Sadri",84.8114,23.6585,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Srivastava, Surendra Prasad","1989","A linguistic study of Nagpuriya --- a lingua franca of Chhotanagpur of Bihar",,"University of Calcutta",,,,,,,,"i u e o ə a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ã p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ̤ m n ŋ l r s h w j","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n l r s h w j","i u e o ə a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ə̃ ã","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ̤ m n ŋ l r s h w j nd nd̤ nɡ st jɟ͡ʝ̤ jc͡ç js nt nɟ͡ʝ stʰ jt jd jɟ͡ʝ jc͡çʰ jʈ jʈʰ jk jɡ jkʰ jl jr jn wt wr",
"sadu1234",,"Sadu",102,24.3,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Bai 白, Bibo 碧波","2012","Sadou yu yanjiu 撒都语研究 [A study of Sadu]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ ʔ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ l w f s ɕ x v z ʑ ɣ pʲ pʰʲ bʲ tʲ tʰʲ dʲ kʲ mʲ lʲ i e ɛ a ə u ɯ o ɔ ə˞ ũ","55 33 21 313 42","# p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ ʔ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ m n ɲ ŋ l w f s ɕ x v z ʑ ɣ pʲ pʰʲ bʲ tʲ tʰʲ dʲ kʲ mʲ lʲ","z i e ɛ a ə u ɯ o ɔ au ui uɛ ua ə˞ uə˞ ũ","# m n ʔ",
"yaku1245","sah","Sakha",133.98,61.6974,"Turkic","INCOLLECTION","Pakendorf, Brigitte and Stapert, Eugénie","2020","Sakha and Dolgan, the North Siberian Turkic languages","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages","Robbeets, Martine and Savelyev, Alexander",,"430----445",,,,"p b m t d n r s l ɲ t͡ʃ d͡ʑ j k ɡ ŋ a aː ɛ ɛː o oː ɵ ɵː ɨ ɨː i iː u uː y yː","-","# C","a aː ɛ ɛː o oː ɵ ɵː ɨ ɨː i iː u uː y yː ɨa iɛ uo yɵ","# C rt rk lk lt mp ŋk",
"sala1264","slr","Salar",102.819,35.5457,"Turkic","BOOK","Xu 许, Yina 伊娜 and Wu 吳, Hongwei 宏伟","2005","Xinjiang Sala Yu 新疆撒拉语 [Xinjiang Salar Language]","Xinjiang Daxue Chubanshe 新疆大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"e i ø y ɛ ɑ ə o u p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ç f χ q qʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j l m n ŋ r s z v w ʁ h ʐ","-","# p pʰ t tʰ k kʰ ç f χ q qʰ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j l m n ŋ r s z v w ʁ h ʐ CC","e i ø y ɛ ɑ ə o u VV","# C CC",
"sana1295","ayn","Sanaani Arabic",44.8412,15.6552,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Watson, Janet C. E.","1993","A syntax of Ṣanāͨnī Arabic","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"b m f ð θ t d s z n l r ɕ ʑ k x ɣ ɡ w j h ʔ ðˤ ħ tˤ sˤ ʕ i u a iː uː aː","-","?","?","?",
"sang1320","sgk","Sangkong",100.77,21.64,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Li 李, Yongsui 永燧","2002","Sangkongyu Yanjiu 桑孔语研究 [A study of Sangkong]","Zhongyang Minzu Daxue Chubanshe 中央民族大学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ m w t tʰ n l k kʰ ŋ x t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ ʑ t͡s t͡sʰ s q qʰ h ʔ z i e ø a o u ɤ ɯ z ḭ ḛ ø̰ a̰ o̰ ṵ ɤ̰ ɯ̰ z̰","55 31 33","p pʰ m mb w pj pʰj mj mbj t tʰ n nd l k kʰ ŋ ŋɡ x t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɲ ɕ ʑ t͡s t͡sʰ s q qʰ h ʔ","i e ø a o u ɤ ɯ z ḭ ḛ ø̰ a̰ o̰ ṵ ɤ̰ ɯ̰ z̰ ai au","# p t k m n ŋ","Mandarin loanwords may have different tones (p. 54). As prenasalized or palatalized initials (but not aspirated initials) are referred to as ``non-simple (非单纯)'' initials, I interpret them as onset clusters."
"sani1269","ysn","Sani",103.759,24.278,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Ma 马, Xueliang 学良","1951","Sani Yiyu yanjiu 撒尼彝语研究 [Research on the Sani Yi Language]","Zhongguo kexuyuan 中国科学院",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b m f v t tʰ d n k kʰ ɡ ŋ x ɣ kʷ kʰʷ xʷ q qʰ χ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ ɕ j t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s z zʷ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ ʂ ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ ɬ l h ɪ e æ a ɑ o u ɤ i ɯ ə˞","55 44 33 11 2","# p pʰ b m f v t tʰ d n k kʰ ɡ ŋ x ɣ kʷ kʰʷ xʷ q qʰ χ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ ɕ j t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s z ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ ʂ ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ ɬ l h","ɪ e æ a ɑ o u ɤ i ɯ ə˞ v z zʷ ʐ m n ŋ","#","It is not clear what is meant by <z̯>, hence it was excluded."
"sant1410","sat","Santali",87.8185,25.0317,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Lukas, Neukom","2001","Santali","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"i u e ə o ɛ ɔ a ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ pˀ tˀ cˀ kˀ m n ɲ ŋ s h l r ɽ ɽ̥ w j","-","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ pˀ tˀ cˀ kˀ m n ɲ ŋ s h l r ɽ ɽ̥ w j","i u e ə o ɛ ɔ a ĩ ũ ẽ ə̃ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã iə io iu ea eo ɛo əi əu ae ao ɔe oe oa ui uə","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ pˀ tˀ cˀ kˀ m n ɲ ŋ s h l r ɽ ɽ̥ w j mb nd ɲɟ ŋɡ","The source does not give a comprehensive list of complex codas and simply describe them as homoorganic nasal + plosive clusters. Based on the examples given and the basic wordlist at the end of the source, I interpret the possible clusters to be nasal plus homoorganic unaspirated voiced plosive clusters, i. e. /mb nd ɲɟ ŋɡ/."
"sari1246","srh","Sarikoli",75.1449,37.905,"Indo-European","BOOK","Gao, Erqiang","1985","Tǎjíkèyǔ jiǎnzhì 塔吉克语简志 [A concise grammar of Tajik]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"i e a u ɯ o p b m w f v θ ð t d n l r s z t͡s d͡z ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ j k ɡ x ɣ q χ ʁ h","-","# p b m w f v θ ð t d n l r s z t͡s d͡z ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ j k ɡ x ɣ q χ ʁ h CC","i e a u ɯ o ei ui ɯi oi iu eu ɯu ou","# C CC CCC",
"saur1248","saz","Saurashtra",77.9427,9.99172,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Joshi, L. G.","1964","A descriptive grammar of the Khatri Dialect",,"Savitribai Phule Pune University",,,,,,,,"i ə u e a o iː uː ĩ ẽ ə̃ ũ p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ s ʂ ç h m n ɳ ŋ l ɭ ɾ w j","-","# p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ s ʂ ç h m n ɳ l ɭ ɾ w j tɾ kɾ dɾ sʈ hw hj mh nh ɾh wh wj pɾ pj tj kʂ kl sɾ sw çw mj tm c͡çp ɭj nj kn sn","i ə u e a o iː uː ĩ ẽ ə̃ ũ","# p t ʈ c͡ç k kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ s m n ɳ ŋ l ɭ ɾ w j h tɾ kɾ dɾ sʈ pp tn ʈʈ c͡çc͡çʰ kt kk kj bb bd dw ɟ͡ʝj mp mb mm nt nc͡ç nd nɟ͡ʝ nɡ nn ɳɖ ɾkʰ wɾ jk jn jl ɳʈ ɳɖ ɾc͡ç ɾb",
"scot1243","sco","Scots",-3.710133,55.886945,"Indo-European","BOOK","Grant, William and Dixon, James Main","1921","Manual of Modern Scots","Cambridge University Press",,,,,,,,,"p b t d ɟ k ɡ ʔ m n ɲ ŋ̥ ŋ l ʎ r̥ r ʍ w f v θ ð ʐ s z ʃ ʒ ç j x h i y ɪ ɪ̞ u e ø ɛ ə o ɔ ʌ ɒ ɑ iː eː oː uː ɒː øː ɑː","-","?","i y ɪ ɪ̞ u e ø ɛ ə o ɔ ʌ ɒ ɑ iː eː oː uː ɒː øː ɑː aɪ əi ei ɛi ɪə ɔɪ ʌu ɔu uə","?","<j w> are classified as fricatives but I interpret them as approximants, given that they are described as equivalent to English <y w>."
"scot1245","gla","Scottish Gaelic",-5.24366,56.7574,"Indo-European","BOOK","Lamb, William","2001","Scottish Gaelic","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ɔ a iː ɯː uː eː ɤː oː ɛː ɔː aː ĩ ɯ̃ː ũ õ ɛ̃ ã ĩː ũː õː ɛ̃ː ãː b d dʲ ɡʲ ɡ p t tʲ kʲ k f ʝ ɣ v s ʃ ç x h m n nʲ ŋ r rʲ ʀ l lʲ ʟ","-","?","?","?","``Velar vibrant'' <R> interpreted as uvular trill."
"seda1262","sed","Sedang",108.027,14.7793,"Austroasiatic","PHDTHESIS","Smith, Kenneth D.","1975","Phonology and syntax of Sedang, a Vietnam Mon-Khmer language",,"University of Pennsylvania",,,,,,,,"p t t͡ɕ k ʔ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n n ɲ ŋ s ʂ h v l r j ⁿb ⁿd ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿɡ i ḭ e ḛ ɛ ɛ̰ a a̰ u ṵ o o̰ ɔ ɔ̰ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ũ õ ɔ̃ ḭ̃ ḛ̃ ɛ̰̃ ã̰ õ̰ ə","-","p t t͡ɕ k ʔ b d d͡ʑ ɡ m n n ɲ ŋ s ʂ h v l r j ⁿb ⁿd ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿɡ hm hn hɲ hŋ hv hl hr hj ʔb ʔd ʔm ʔn ʔɲ ʔŋ ʔv ʔl ʔr ph th kh pl kl bl ɡl ml pr tr kr br dr ɡr mr ŋr ʔbr ʔdr ʔmr ʔŋr ʔbl hʔr","i ḭ e ḛ ɛ ɛ̰ a a̰ u ṵ o o̰ ɔ ɔ̰ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ã ũ õ ɔ̃ ḭ̃ ḛ̃ ɛ̰̃ ã̰ õ̰ ia ua ɛa ɔa io uo ɛo iɛ oɛ ĩã ũã ɛ̃ã õã ḭa̰ ṵa̰ ɛ̰a̰ ṵo̰ ɛ̰o̰ ḭɛ̰ o̰ɛ̰ ḭ̃ã̰ ṵ̃ã̰ ɛ̰̃ã̰ ɛ̰̃õ̰ ə","# p t c k m n ŋ u l r i ih iʔ h ʔ","It is unclear what <r> represents. Here it is assumed to be a trill."
"selk1253","sel","Selkup",82.3004,59.9409,"Uralic","INCOLLECTION","Kazakevič, Olga A.","2022","Selkup","Oxford University Press",,"The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages","Bakró-Nagy, Marianne and Laakso, Johanna and Skribnik, Elena",,"777--816",,,,"i iː ɪ ɪː y yː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ɛ ɛː ø øː ə əː o oː ɔː æ æː ɑ ɑː p t k q s ʃʲ t͡ʃʲ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r w j","-","# p t k q s ʃʲ t͡ʃʲ m n ɲ l ʎ r w j","i iː ɪ ɪː y yː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ɛ ɛː ø øː ə əː o oː ɔː æ æː ɑ ɑː","# p t k q s ʃʲ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r j","Word-initial and word-final restrictions interpreted as onset and coda restrictions. The source mentions that word-medial triconsonantal clusters rarely occur, but given the absence of their description and their rarity, they are not reflected here."
"seme1247","sza","Semelai",102.806,2.82799,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Kruspe, Nicole","2004","A grammar of Semelai","Cambridge University Press",,,,,,,,,"p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ m̥ m mˀ n̥ n nˀ ɲ ɲˀ ŋ̥ ŋ ɕ h l lˀ r rˀ j jˀ w i ĩ ʉ ʉ̃ u ũ e ẽ ə ə̃ o õ ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã ɒ ɒ̃","-","p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ m̥ m mˀ n̥ n nˀ ɲ ɲˀ ŋ̥ ŋ s h l lˀ r rˀ j jˀ w","i ĩ ʉ ʉ̃ u ũ e ẽ ə ə̃ o õ ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã ɒ ɒ̃","# m n ŋ r l p t c k ʔ ɲ h s w j",
"sout1528","hbs","Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian",18.81,44.15,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Hodge, Carleton T.","1946","Serbo-Croatian Phonemes",,,,,"Language","112--120","22",,,"i e a o u p b t d k ɡ s z ʃ ʒ j f v c t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ h m n ɲ l ʎ r","H L","# p b t d k ɡ s z ʃ ʒ j f v c t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ h m n ɲ l ʎ r CC TRR TTR","r l n ʎ i e a o u VV VVV","# p b t d k ɡ s z ʃ ʒ j f v c t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ h m n ɲ l ʎ r CC","``In special distribution situations, sonants also appear in the function of vowels, above all /r/ and /l/, sporadically /n/ and /ʎ/, while for /ɲ/ and /m/ there is no undisputed lexical confirmation'' (p. 27)."
"shin1264","scl","Shina",75.287,34.6515,"Indo-European","BOOK","Ahmed, Musavir","2019","A descriptive grammar of Gurezi Shina","SIL International",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a iː uː eː oː aː ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã ĩː ũː ẽː õː ãː pʰ p b tʰ t d ʈʰ ʈ ɖ kʰ k ɡ t͡sʰ t͡s ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃʰ ʒ s ʂ ʃ h z ʐ m n ɳ w j l ɾ ɽ","-","?","?","?",
"shix1238","sxg","Shixing",100.4,28.3895,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Sun 孙, Hongkai 宏开","2014","Shixing yu yanjiu 史兴语研究 [A study of Shixing]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p t k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ ɢ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʒ d͡ʑ ɸ s ʂ ʃ ɕ x χ h β z ʐ ʒ ʑ ɣ ʁ ɦ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l r w ɹ j i e ɛ ɑ ɔ o u ʉ y ə ɯ ɐ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ɔ̃ õ ũ ỹ ə̃ ɯ̃ ə˞","55 33 35 53 31","# p t k q ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ ɢ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ d͡ʒ d͡ʑ ɸ s ʂ ʃ ɕ x χ h β z ʐ ʒ ʑ ɣ ʁ ɦ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ m n ɲ ŋ ɬ l r w ɹ j mb mpʰ nd ntʰ ŋɡ ŋkʰ ŋɢ ŋqʰ nd͡z nɖ͡ʐ nt͡sʰ nʈ͡ʂʰ nd͡ʒ nd͡ʑ nt͡ɕʰ","i e ɛ ɑ ɔ o u ʉ y ə ɯ ɐ ĩ ẽ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ɔ̃ õ ũ ỹ ə̃ ɯ̃ ə˞ z ie iɛ iɑ iɔ io iu iɯ iɛ̃ iɑ̃ iɔ̃ ui ue uɛ uɑ uɔ uɯ uə uɐ uẽ uɛ̃ uɑ̃ uɔ̃ uə̃ yi ye yɛ yɑ yɐ yĩ yɛ̃ yɔ̃ ei ɛi ɯi uɛi uɑĩ","# ŋ",
"shol1240","sle","Sholaga",77.2211,11.9458,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave","1968","Descriptive Analysis of Soliga",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ a iː uː eː oː aː ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã ĩː ũː ẽː õː ãː p t ʈ t͡ɕ k b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɳ h l ɭ ɾ ɽ w j","-","# p t ʈ t͡ɕ k b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɳ h l ɭ ɾ w j tj bɭ br ɡɭ ɖr nk t͡ɕt","ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ a iː uː eː oː aː ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã ĩː ũː ẽː õː ãː","# p t ʈ t͡ɕ k b d ɖ d͡ʑ ɡ m n ɳ h l ɭ ɾ ɽ w j",
"shor1247","cjs","Shor",88.4344,52.3261,"Turkic","MASTERSTHESIS","Kazagasheva, Uliana","2016","Phonemic inventory of the Shor language",,"Eastern Michigan University",,,,,,,,"ɑ ɯ ɔ u ɛ i y ø ɑː ɯː ɔː uː ɛː iː yː øː p m t s ʃ n r l j t͡ʃ k ɡ ŋ","-","# p m t s ʃ n j t͡ʃ k ɡ ŋ","ɑ ɯ ɔ u ɛ i y ø ɑː ɯː ɔː uː ɛː iː yː øː","# p m t s ʃ t͡ʃ l r n j k ɡ ŋ CC","Russian xenophones /f v x t͡s ɕ/ and the non-native syllable types in Russian loanwords are not reflected here."
"shug1248","sgh","Shughni",71.7925,37.5018,"Indo-European","BOOK","Nawata, Tetsuo","1979","Shughni","Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies",,,,,,,,,"p b k q b d ɡ ʔ f θ s ɕ ʃ x v ð z ʑ ʒ ɣ t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n l r w j i e a o u","-","?","?","?","<š ž x̌ ɣ̌ č ǰ> transcribed as /ɕ ʑ ʃ ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/."
"sich1238","iii","Sichuan Yi",102.121,28.1947,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Gerner, Matthias","2013","A Grammar of Nuosu","De Gruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"ⁿb b p pʰ ⁿd d t tʰ ⁿɡ ɡ k kʰ f v z s ʐ ʂ ʑ ɕ ɣ x h ⁿd͡z d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ⁿd͡ʑ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ŋ l l̥ i ɨ ɯ u o ɛ ɔ a","55 33 21","# ⁿb b p pʰ ⁿd d t tʰ ⁿɡ ɡ k kʰ f v z s ʐ ʂ ʑ ɕ ɣ x h ⁿd͡z d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ⁿd͡ʑ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ŋ l l̥ PF","i ɨ ɯ u o ɛ ɔ a","#",
"sikk1242","sip","Sikkimese",88.59153,27.85795,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Yliniemi, Juha","2019","A Descriptive Grammar of Denjongke (Sikkimese Bhutia)",,"University of Helsinki",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ d͡z̤ d͡ʑ̤ s ɕ h z ʑ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ r r̥ j ɪ iː yː ʊ uː eː øː ɔ oː ɛ ɛː ɐ ɐː","H L","p t ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ d͡z̤ d͡ʑ̤ s ɕ h z ʑ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l l̥ r r̥ j ɦ kj kʰj ɡj ɡ̤j pj pʰj bj b̤j mj","ɪ iː yː ʊ uː eː øː ɔ oː ɛ ɛː ɐ ɐː oʊ ɛʊ ɪʊ ɐɪ ɔɪ ɛɪ ɐɪ ɔɪ ʊɪ","# p k ʔ m n ŋ r","``Lightly aspirated breathy consonants'' transcribed as breathy voiced consonants. Nasalized vowels often alternate with oral vowels with /ŋ/ coda. As there seems to be no minimal distinction between nasal vowels and /Vŋ/ sequence, here it is interpreted that all nasalized vowels are realizations of /Vŋ/."
"sind1272","snd","Sindhi",69,26,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Jetley, Murlidhar Kishinchand","1964","Morphology of sindhi (A descriptive analysis of vicoli, the standard sindhi dialect)",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u ɪ ʊ e o ə ɛ ɔ a p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ f s ç x z ɣ h l r ɽ ʋ j","-","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ m n ɳ f s ç x z ɣ h l r ɽ ʋ j pj ɓj mj th tʰj d̤j nj ʈj ᶑj kj kʰj ɡj rj vj sj zj çj xj ɣj hj lj pr br tr ʈr ɖr kr fr hr çr dv kv xv sv pl fl sl çl","i u ɪ ʊ e o ə ɛ ɔ a","# p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɟ̤ ɡ̤ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ m n ɳ ɲ ŋ f s ç x z ɣ h l r ɽ ʋ j rs ns rm ɳʈ sʈ ɲc rc ŋk ɲɟ rɟ ŋɡ","The voiced retroflex implosive <ᶑ> in the source is transcribed here as the voiced alveolar implosive <ɗ>, as <ᶑ> is not recognized in the IPA. The source provides VV and VVV sequences without mentioning whether they are diphthongs or triphthongs. Nevertheless, given the phonetic description of these sequences, they are likely not diphthongs or triphthongs."
"sinh1246","sin","Sinhala",81,8,"Indo-European","ARTICLE","Coates, W. A. and de Silva, M. W. S.","1960","The Segmental Phonemes of Sinhalese",,,,,"University of Ceylon Review","163–175","18",,,"p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ŋ ɾ l ɸ s ç h w j i e æ ə u o a iː eː æː əː uː oː aː","-","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ŋ ɾ l ɸ s ç h w j","e æ ə u o a iː eː æː əː uː oː aː VV","# p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ŋ l ɸ s NN",
"sint1235","rmo","Sinte-Manus Romani",9.4,48.7,"Indo-European","BOOK","Holzinger, Daniel","1993","Das Rómanes: Grammatik und Diskursanalyse der Sprache der Sinte [The Rómanes: Grammar of discourse analysis of the Sinte language]","Verlag des Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck",,,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ p t k b d ɡ t̪͡s̪ t͡s d͡z f s̪ s z x h v ʝ m n ʀ l iː ɪ eː ɛ a uː ʊ oː ɔ ɑ","-","?","?","?","The phonemic status of /z/ is marginal and only contrastive word-initially (p. 17)."
"situ1238",,"Situ",102.660664,31.590536,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Prins, Marielle","2016","A grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) dialects: a web of relations","Brill",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ ʔ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ʈ͡ʂʰ f v s z ʃ ʒ ʂ h ɬ m n ɲ ŋ r w l j i u e o ə a","-","p pʰ b t tʰ d c cʰ ɟ k kʰ ɡ ʔ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ʈ͡ʂʰ f v s z ʃ ʒ ʂ h ɬ m n ɲ ŋ r w l j sp sn sk sc sm st͡ʃ sr st st͡s sɲ sŋ skʰ ŋɡ ŋk ŋd ŋkʰ zd zb zɡ zɟ kʃ ks kp kt kt͡s kt͡ʃ jp jk jm jv jt͡ʃʰ jn kpʰ km kn ltʰ lt͡ʃ ln ld lɟ jɡ jd ɡʒ ɡd md mt mb md͡z mɖ mt͡s mɲ mt͡ʃʰ mɟ mʈ mk mtʰ mŋ mp mkʰ mcʰ mt͡sʰ mc mɬ md͡ʒ mɡ mpʰ mʃ rɲ rn rŋ rm rt͡s rɟ rd rkʰ rt rɡ rb rt͡sʰ rp rʒ rv rpʰ rz rpʰ rz rd͡z ʃp ʃʈ ʃpʰ ʃk ʒɡ ʒd ʒb ʒɖ ʃn ʃt ʃm ʃtʰ ʃk ʃc bd bɟ bɡ bʒ vʒ nd͡z nɖ nɟ nʈ nt nd nt͡ʃʰ pʃ ps pk pt͡ʃ pʈ pt͡ʃʰ pc nɡ nd͡ʒ nc nt͡sʰ ncʰnŋ nt͡s ntʰ pt͡s pkʰ wr wl ɡr ɡl ɡj pw pr pj kr kl kw sr sw sl jl jw jr ʃw vr ʃl ʃr ʃp vj vl rw rl zw zl kʰr kʰl pʰj pʰr tʰw ʒw t͡sw t͡ʃʰw rmb rnd͡ʒ rŋɡ rsc mpʃ mps jŋɡ rʃc rnd rʃt͡ʃ rsʈ rst͡ʃ jmb pkw pkʰw nɖw nd͡zw ntw ncʰw ŋɡl ŋkʰr mbj mr mbw mpj mpʰj mpʰr mkr mkʰw mɡr ŋɡr ŋɡl spj skr skl ʃkl ʃkr ʃpr jkr rdw rd͡zw rt͡sʰw rpj zbr zɡr ʒbr ʒɡr kpj","i u e o ə a","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ s r l w j d͡ʒ ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔm ʔn ʔŋ ʔs ʔr ʔl ʔw ʔj jn nd͡ʒ","<tɽ tɽʰ dɽ> transcribed as /ʈ ʈʰ ɖʰ/."
"skol1241","sms","Skolt Saami",29.7204,68.8326,"Uralic","PHDTHESIS","Feist, Timothy","2010","A Grammar of Skolt Saami",,"University of Manchester",,,,,,,,"p b t d c ɟ k ɡ m n ɲ ŋ r f v ð s z ʃ ʒ ʝ x ɣ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ j w l ʎ i u o e̞ ə ʌ æ ɐ ɑ","-","?","i u o e̞ ə ʌ æ ɐ ɑ iə uə iɐ eɐ eæ uæ uɐ uʌ","?",
"slav1254","svm","Slavomolisano",14.7,41.89,"Indo-European","BOOK","Sammartino, Antonio","2004","Grammatica della lingua croato-molisana [Grammar of the Croato-Molisan language]","Fondazione ``Agostina Piccoli''",,,,,,,,,"a e i o u b t͡s t͡ʃ d dʲ d͡z d͡ʒ f ɡ h j k kʲ l ʎ m n ɳ p r s ʃ t tʲ v z ʒ","-","?","?","?",
"slov1269","slk","Slovak",18.78479,48.545705,"Indo-European","BOOK","Boisserie, Etienne and Jamborová, Diana and Křečková, Vlasta","2009","Parlons Slovaque: Une langue slave [Let's speak Slovak: A Slavic language]","L'Harmattan",,,,,,,,,"p b t d c ɟ k ɡ m n ɲ f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɦ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ r rː j l lː ʎ i̞ ɛ a ɔ u̞ i̞ː ɛː aː ɔː u̞ː æ ɪ ʊ","-","?","i̞ ɛ a ɔ u̞ i̞ː ɛː aː ɔː u̞ː æ ɪa ɪɛ ɪu̞ ʊɔ r l rː lː","?",
"slov1268","slv","Slovenian",14.7766,46.2543,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Priestly, Tom M. S.","1993","Slovene","Routledge",,"The Slavonic languages","Comrie, Bernard and Corbett, Greville G.",,"388----451",,,,"i e ɛ ə a ɔ o u p b t d k ɡ f v s z ɕ ʑ x t͡s t͡ɕ d͡ʑ m n j r l","H L","?","?","?",
"sher1255","xsr","Solu-Khumbu Sherpa",86.9994,27.674,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Graves, Thomas E.","2007","A Grammar of Hile Sherpa",,"State University of New York at Buffalo",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ c k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ ɡ m n ɲ ŋ t͡s c͡ç t͡sʰ c͡çʰ d͡z ɟ͡ʝ s ç h l̥ l ɾ̥ ɾ w j i u e o ɛ ɔ a ʌ ĩ ũ ẽ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã ʌ̃","H HF L LR","# p pʰ b m w t tʰ d n l̥ l t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s ɾ̥ ɾ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ c cʰ ɟ ɲ c͡ç c͡çʰ ɟ͡ʝ c͡ç j k kʰ ɡ ŋ h","i u e o ɛ ɔ a ʌ ĩ ũ ẽ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã ʌ̃","# p m t n l ɾ ʈ k",
"sora1254","srb","Sora",84.19,19.1213,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Mishra, K. C. and Dash, Jagannath","1994","Saura Language (Saura Grammar & Dictionary)","Institute of Orissan Culture",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a p t k b d ɡ t͡s ɟ͡ʝ s ɾ l m n ɲ ŋ w j ʔ","-","# p t k b d ɡ t͡s ɟ͡ʝ s ɾ l m n ɲ w j","i u e o a ai ui oi","# p t k b d ɡ ɟ͡ʝ s ɾ l m n ɲ ŋ w j ʔ",
"sout2697","azb","South Azerbaijani",48.4302,36.5137,"Turkic","BOOK","Lee, Sooman Noah","2008","A Grammar of Iranian Azerbaijani","Thaehaksa",,,,,,,,,"p t k q b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ x h v z ʒ ɣ m n l ɾ j i y ɨ u e ɛ œ ɑ ɔ","-","# p t k q b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ x h v z ʒ m n l ɾ j","i y ɨ u e ɛ œ ɑ ɔ","# p t k q b d ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f s ʃ x h v z ʒ ɣ m n l ɾ j","/ɣ/ does not appear word-initially. Here it is assumed that it also does not appear as an word-internal onset."
"sout3123","ajp","South Levantine Arabic",38.0837,31.5601,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Kimary N. Shahin","1995","Rural Palestinian Arabic","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"b bˤ t tˤ d k q ʔ r rˤ f θ ð ðˤ s sˤ z ɕ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h m mˤ n l lˤ w j i iː e eː æ æː o oː u uː","-","# C CC","i iː e eː æ æː o oː u uː ai au l m n","# C CC","``Uvularized'' is interpreted as pharyngealized. The ``voiceless post-velar, pre-uvular stop'' <K> (p. 8) is interpreted as the voiceless uvular stop."
"sout2674","sma","South Saami",13.7006,62.8801,"Uralic","PHDTHESIS","Kowalik, Richard","2023","Towards a grammar of spoken South Saami",,"Stockholm University",,,,,,,,"p t k t͡ʃ f v s ʃ h m n ŋ r l j i iː u uː e eː ø o æ a aː","-","# C CC CCC","i iː u uː e eː ø o æ a aː","# C CC CCC",
"para1301","prk","South Wa",99.375,22.8658,"Austroasiatic","BOOK","Yamada 山田, Atsushi 敦士","2020","Parauku wago パラウク・ワ語 [Parauk Wa]","Kuroshio Shuppan くろしお出版",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ t tʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ k kʰ ʔ ⁿb b̤ ⁿd d̤ ⁿd͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ ⁿɡ ɡ̤ m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ɲ̥ ŋ ŋ̥ v v̤ s ɦ j j̥ ɹ ɹ̥ l l̥ i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ɔ ɐ","-","p pʰ t tʰ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ k kʰ ʔ ⁿb b̤ ⁿd d̤ ⁿd͡ʑ d͡ʑ̤ ⁿɡ ɡ̤ m m̥ n n̥ ɲ ɲ̥ ŋ ŋ̥ v v̤ s ɦ j j̥ ɹ ɹ̥ l l̥ pl pɹ pʰl pɹ bl bɹ b̤l b̤ɹ kl kɹ kʰl kʰɹ ɡl ɡɹ ɡ̤l ɡ̤ɹ","i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ɔ ɐ iu ɯi ui iɐ ɤi uɐ io iɔ oi ɔi ɐi ɐɯ ɐu","# p t t͡ɕ k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ ɦ",
"sout2672","psi","Southeast Pashayi",70.592042,34.66597,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Lehr, Rachel","2014","A descriptive grammar of Pashai: The language and speech community of Darrai Nur",,"University of Chicago",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ m n ɳ ŋ r ɾ ɽ s ʂ z ʃ ʒ x ɣ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɬ ʋ j l a aː e eː i o oː u","R","# ʔ p t ʈ k b d ɖ ɡ m n r ɾ s ʂ z ʃ ʒ x ɣ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ɬ ʋ j l","a aː e eː i o oː u ao aːi ai oi ou","# p t ʈ ɽ k t͡ʃ s ʃ x m n ɳ ŋ l ɬ r ɽ ʋ j nt͡ʃ nd͡ʒ","Nasal + affricate is the only possible word-final consonant cluster. As the word-medial nasal + oral clusters presented in p. 113 are homoorganic, I assume that the possible word-final nasal + affricate clusters are /nt͡ʃ nd͡ʒ/. As no triconsonantal word-medial clusters were given, I assume that there are no word-medial coda clusters."
"sout2694","alt","Southern Altai",86.8705,50.1347,"Turkic","BOOK","Dyrenkova Дыренкова, N. P. Н. П.","1940","Grammatika ojrotskogo jazyka Грамматика ойротского языка [Grammar of the Oirot language]","Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR Издательство Академии Наук СССР",,,,,,,,,"u ɯ y i o ø e a uː ɯː yː iː oː øː eː aː t͡s q k c t p ɡ d b s̪ s ʝ z̪ z ɬ r ŋ n m","-","# t͡s k c t ɡ d b s̪ s ʝ z̪ z ɬ r ŋ n m","u ɯ y i o ø e a uː ɯː yː iː oː øː eː aː","# t͡s k t p d s̪ s ɬ r n m rt rs rt͡s","It is uncertain whether all short vowels have long counterparts. Here it is assumed they do. The onset/coda restrictions are inferred from word-initial/medial/final examples."
"sout2954","ams","Southern Amami-Oshima",129.285,28.1955,"Japonic","PHDTHESIS","Niinaga, Yuto","2014","A grammar of Yuwan, a northern Ryukyuan language",,"University of Tokyo",,,,,,,,"p t k tˀ kˀ b d ɡ t͡s t͡sˀ s h z m n mˀ nˀ r w wˀ j jˀ i ɨ u ə o a","-","# p t k tˀ kˀ b d ɡ t͡s t͡sˀ s h z m n mˀ nˀ r w wˀ j jˀ pj bj kj kˀj ɡj t͡sj t͡sˀj sj zj hj mj nj nˀj kˀw kw hw","i ɨ u ə o a aa ai uu ui ii ɨi ɨɨ əi əə oi oo","# p t k tˀ kˀ b d ɡ t͡s t͡sˀ s z m n mˀ nˀ w wˀ j jˀ",
"kach1280","kac","Southern Jinghpaw",97.3278,25.4634,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Liu 刘, Lu 璐","1984","Jingpo-zu yuyan jianzhi (jingpoyu) 景颇族语言简志(景颇语) [Description of the language of the Jingpho people (Jinpho language)]","National Minorities Publ.",,,,,,,,"1","p pʰ m w f t tʰ s t͡s t͡sʰ n l ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ j k kʰ x ŋ ʔ pʲ kʲ mʲ ŋʲ pʰʲ kʰʲ ɻ i e a o u ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ","55 31 33","# p pʰ m w f t tʰ s t͡s t͡sʰ n l ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ j k kʰ x ŋ ʔ pʲ kʲ mʲ ŋʲ pʰʲ kʰʲ pɻ kɻ pʰɻ kʰɻ","i e a o u ḭ ḛ a̰ o̰ ṵ ua ia n","# i u m n ŋ p t k ʔ","/pɻ kɻ pʰɻ kʰɻ/ are analyzed as biconsonantal onsets, contrary to the source's analysis, as /ᶈ ᶄ ᶈʰ ᶄʰ/ are absent in PanPhon."
"sout2640","sdh","Southern Kurdish",46.5976,32.8977,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandar","1988","Dialectes kurdes du Sud: étude linguistique du dialecte kirmanshâhî-faylî (kalhorî, kirmanshâh, khânaqînî, bayray-shîrwânî, malikshây-arkowâzî) [South Kurdish dialects: linguistic study of the Kirmanshâhî-faylî dialect (kalhorî, kirmanshâh, khânaqînî, bayray-shîrwânî, malikshây-arkowâzî)]",,"Université de Paris 7 - Dénis Diderot",,,,,,,,"b p d t t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɡ k q f z s ʑ ɕ l lˠ ɾ r m n ɲ ŋ w ɥ j i ɨ ʉ u ʊ ɪ ɛ ɐ ɑ","-","?","i ɨ ʉ u ʊ ɪ ɛ ɐ ɑ ɑj ɐj uj ij ɪj ʉj ɛj ɑʉ ɐʉ ɑw iw ɪw ɛw","?","It wasn't clear what the ``bilabiale continue centrale sonore [voiced central continuant bilabial]'' (p. 173) refers to. Based on its description, I interpret it as /ɥ/."
"sout2649","pbt","Southern Pashto",68.25,37.17,"Indo-European","BOOK","Anne Boyle David","2013","Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects","De Gruyter Mouton",,,,,,,,,"i eː ə a aː oː u w j l r ɽ m n ɳ p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ x ɣ h","-","# w j l r ɽ m n ɳ p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ x ɣ h wr wɽ wl rɣ lw lm lɣ mr mɽ ml mn nʂ nʐ nɣ pr pɽ pl ps pɕ pʂ tw tr tɽ tl ts tɕ ʈw kw kr kɽ kl kʂ br bɽ bl dw dr dɽ dz dʑ ɡw ɡr ɡɽ ɡz sw sr sɽ sm sp st sʈ sk sx ɕw ɕr ɕɽ ɕl ɕm ɕn ɕp ɕt ɕk ɕx ʂw ʂk xw xr xɽ xl xp zw zɽ zm zb zd zɡ zɣ ʐm ʐb ʐd ɣw ɣr ɣɽ ɣɽ ɣl mdz ndr ndʑ nɣw tsw tsr tsk tsx tɕɽ dzw dzɣ skw sxw ɕxw xwr xwl xwd","i eː ə a aː oː u aj aw aːj aːw əj əw uj əi","# w j l r ɽ m n ɳ p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ x ɣ","``Initial clusters'' interpreted as onset clusters."
"sout2729","pmj","Southern Pumi",100.622,27.8408,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Jiang 蔣, Ying 颖","2015","Dayang pumiyu cankao yufa 大羊普米语參考语法 [Reference grammar of Dayang Pumi]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d ʈ ʈʰ ɖ k kʰ ɡ q qʰ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ m m̥ n n̥ ŋ l ɬ f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ ʃ̠ ʒ̠ x ɦ w j a ɑ i ə ɯ o e ɛ u ʉ y","55 24 31 51","# p pʰ b t tʰ d ʈ ʈʰ ɖ k kʰ ɡ q qʰ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ m m̥ n n̥ ŋ l ɬ f v s z ʂ ʐ ʃ ʒ ʃ̠ ʒ̠ x ɦ w j fp fpʰ vb st stʰ zd xk xkʰ ɣɡ ʃt͡ʃ ʃt͡ʃʰ ʒd͡ʒ pʒ pʰʒ bʒ pʐ pʰʐ bʐ mʐ pj pʰj bj","z a ɑ i ə ɯ o e ɛ u ʉ y iɑ iɑo ie iɛ iu ei ua uɑ ui ue uɛ əu ɑo yɑ ye yɛ yo yu iə","# n ŋ","The ``舌叶前 [prelaminal]'' and ``舌叶后 [postlaminal]'' fricatives (pp. 11-12) are transcribed as /ʃ ʒ/ and /ʃ̠ ʒ̠/, respectively."
"sout2728","qxs","Southern Qiang",103.384,31.5392,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Zheng, Wuxi","2016","A Grammar of Longxi Qiang",,"National University of Singapora",,,,,,,,"p t k q pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ f s ʂ ɕ χ v z ʁ m n ɳ ŋ m̥ ŋ̥ l ɹ i y u e o ə ə˞ a a˞","55 33/31 213 51","# p t k q pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z d͡ʑ f s ʂ ɕ χ v z ʁ m n ɳ ŋ m̥ ŋ̥ l ɹ","i y u e o ə ə˞ a a˞ ai ei ou ie ia io iau iua iou ue ua uei uai ya ye","# n ŋ",
"sout2732","nre","Southern Rengma Naga",94.6853,26.1178,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Longmailai, Monali","2014","The Morphosyntax of Dimasa",,"North-Eastern Hill University",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ ʔ b d ɡ m n ŋ ʃ h d͡ʒ ɾ l w j i u e o ə a","H M L","# pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ m n ʃ h d͡ʒ ɾ l w j pʰɾ bɾ tʰɾ kʰɾ ɡɾ pʰl bl kʰl ɡl","i u e o ə a ai ei oi ou au ui","# pʰ kʰ ʔ b ɡ m n ŋ ʃ ɾ",
"sout2750","yux","Southern Yukaghir",154.375,64.218,"Yukaghir","BOOK","Maslova, Elena","2003","A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"p t d k ɡ q c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ ʃ ʒ ʁ m n ɲ ŋ l ʎ r w j i iː u uː e eː ø øː a aː o oː","-","# C","i iː u uː e eː ø øː a aː o oː","# C jL jN jt jk",
"sout3261",,"Southwestern Dargwa",47.565486,41.977226,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Forker, Diana","2020","A grammar of Sanzhi Dargwa","Language Science Press",,,,,,,,,"p b pʼ pː t d tʼ tː k ɡ kʼ kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ kː kːʷ q qʼ qʷ qʼʷ qːʷ ʡ ʔ s z sː ʃ ʒ ʃː x xʷ xː χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ χː χːʷ ħ h t͡s t͡sʼ t͡sː t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃː m n r l w j i u uˤ e a aˤ","-","# p b pʼ pː t d tʼ tː k ɡ kʼ kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ kː kːʷ q qʼ qʷ qʼʷ qːʷ ʡ ʔ s z sː ʃ ʒ ʃː x xʷ xː χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ χː χːʷ ħ h t͡s t͡sʼ t͡sː t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃː m n r l w j","i u uˤ e a aˤ","# p b pʼ t d tʼ k ɡ kʼ kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ q qʼ qʷ qʼʷ ʡ ʔ s z ʃ ʒ x xʷ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ ħ h t͡s t͡sʼ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ m n r l w j st rT lT nT mT jT bT",
"stan1288","spa","Spanish",-1.11788,40.4414,"Indo-European","BOOK","Clegg, J. Halvor and Fails, Willis C","2018","Manual de fonética y fonología españolas [Manual of Spanish phonetics and phonology]","Routledge",,,"Klee, Carol",,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ f s ʝ x c͡ç m n ɲ l ɾ r i u e o a","-","# i u p b t d k ɡ f s ʝ x c͡ç m n ɲ l ɾ r pl kl bl ɡl fl pɾ tɾ kɾ bɾ dɾ ɡɾ fɾ CV CCV","i e a o u","# i u m n ɲ ɾ r p b t d k ɡ f s l ms ns ɲs ɾs rs bs ds ks iC uC iCC uCC",
"sril1245","sci","Sri Lanka Malay",79.864,6.91603,"Austronesian","PHDTHESIS","Nordhoff, Sebastian","2009","A Grammar of Upcountry Sri Lanka Malay",,"Universiteit van Amsterdam",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ m n ɲ ŋ s h ʋ j r l","-","# p t̪ t c k b d̪ d ɟ ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɟ ⁿɡ m n ɲ ŋ s h ʋ j r l pr pl pʋ pj t̪r t̪l cr cl kr kl kʋ br bl bʋ bj d̪r d̪l ɟr ɟl ɡr ɡl sC","i u e ə o a","# p t̪ k m n ɲ ŋ f s z j r l","The source lists /f ʃ ʒ/ as xenophones in the consonant inventory table but does not discuss it further as phonemes. Personal communication with the author has informed me that prenasalized stops are not permitted at coda position."
"stan1318","arb","Standard Arabic",43.8525,27.9625,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Ryding, Karin C.","2005","A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic","Cambridge University Press",,,,,,,,,"i iː u uː a aː b t tˠ d dˠ k q ʔ ɟ͡ʝ f θ ð ðˠ s sˠ z ç x ɣ ħ ʕ h m n l ɾ w j","-","C","i iː u uː a aː","# C CC",
"stan1306","zsm","Standard Malay",101.699,3.08896,"Austronesian","INCOLLECTION","Tadmor, Uri","2018","Malay-Indonesian","Routledge",,"The World's Major Languages","Comrie, Bernard",,"809----837",,,"2","b d d͡ʑ ɡ p t t͡ɕ k m n ɲ ŋ l r s h w j i u e ə o a","-","b d d͡ʑ ɡ p t t͡ɕ k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ l r s h w j","i u e ə o a","# p t t͡ɕ k m n ŋ l r s h w j","Same as Indonesian."
"horp1239","ero","Stau-Dgebshes",101.72,31.1026,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Honkasalo, Sami","2019","A grammar of Eastern Geshiza: A Culturally Anchored Description",,"University of Helsinki",,,,,,,,"p t k q pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡z d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ f s ɕ x sʰ ɕʰ v z ʑ ɣ m n ɲ ŋ w l r j i e æ a ɔ o u ə ɨ ɛ","-","# p t k q pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ b d ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡z d͡ʑ ɖ͡ʐ f s ɕ x sʰ ɕʰ v z ʑ ɣ m n ɲ ŋ w l r j np npʰ nb nt ntʰ nd nk nkʰ nɡ nq nqʰ nt͡s nt͡ɕ nʈ nʈ͡ʂ nt͡sʰ nt͡ɕʰ nʈ͡ʂʰ nd͡z nd͡ʑ nɖ͡ʐ ns nsʰ nɕ nɕʰ nx nv nw nz nl nʑ nr nj nɣ nw mn mɲ mt mtʰ md mk mkʰ mɡ mqʰ rm rn rɲ rŋ rb rt rtʰ rd rk rkʰ rɡ rq rqʰ lm lŋ lp lpʰ lb lt ltʰ ld lk lkʰ lɡ lq lqʰ wm wn wɲ wp wpʰ wb wtʰ wd vt vtʰ vd vk vkʰ vɡ vq vqʰ sm sn sɲ sŋ sp spʰ zb st stʰ zd sk skʰ zɡ sq sqʰ mt͡s mt͡sʰ md͡z mt͡ɕ mt͡ɕʰ md͡ʑ rt͡s rt͡sʰ rd͡z rt͡ɕ rt͡ɕʰ rd͡ʑ rv rz lt͡s lt͡sʰ ld͡z lt͡ɕ lt͡ɕʰ ld͡ʑ lʈ͡ʂ lv wt͡s wt͡sʰ wd͡z wt͡ɕ wt͡ɕʰ wd͡ʑ wʈ͡ʂ wʈ͡ʂʰ wv ws wsʰ wz wɕ vt͡s vt͡sʰ vd͡z vt͡ɕ vt͡ɕʰ vd͡ʑ vɖ͡ʐ vs vsʰ vz vɕ st͡ɕ st͡ɕʰ zd͡ʑ zv xt͡ɕ rɣ lx lɣ wɕʰ wʑ vɕʰ vʑ vx vɣ sx zɣ pr pʰr br kr kʰr ɡr qr qʰr vr sr zr ɣr wr bl ɡl ql qʰl vl sl zl ɣl rl wl pj pʰj bj tj tʰj dj kj kʰj vj sj sʰj zj ɣj rj lj wj nkr nkʰr nɡr nzr nql nqʰl ntj ntʰj ndj nsj nsʰj nzj mpr mpʰr mbr mkʰr mɡr mbl vkr vkʰr vɡr vqr vqʰr vql vqʰl vkj vkʰj vzj spr spʰr zbr skr skʰr zɡr sqr sqʰr zbl sql sqʰl spj spʰj zbj stj stʰj zdj lpʰj ltj ltʰj xp xpʰ xt xtʰ xt͡s xt͡sʰ xt͡ɕ xt͡ɕʰ xs xsʰ xɕ xɕʰ ɣm ɣn ɣɲ ɣb ɣd ɣv ɣz ɣʑ","i e æ a ɔ o u ə ɨ ɛ ui ue uæ ua uə uo uɔ əu uəu","# n ŋ l r","The archiphoneme <N> occuring in NC clusters is transcribed as /n/. Although the archiphoneme is realized as the homoorganic nasal to the obstruent ([mp nt ŋk ɴq ɳʈ͡ʂ ...]), given that it is realized as [n] in [nv nw] and not *[ɱ], [n] seems to be most unmarked form."
"suii1243","swi","Sui",106.563,24.0488,"Tai-Kadai","PHDTHESIS","Wei 韦, Xuechun 学纯","2011","Shuǐyǔ miáoxiě yánjiū 水语描写研究 [A description of the Sui]",,"Normal University of Shanghai 上海师范大学",,,,,,,,"p pʰ ⁿb ɓ m̥ m f v t tʰ ⁿd ɖ n̥ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s z c cʰ ɲ̥ ɲ ɕ j k kʰ ŋ̥ ŋ ɣ q qʰ ʁ ʔ h i e a o u ə aː","11 31 33 53 35 24 55 55C 35C 31C","p pʰ ⁿb ɓ m̥ m ʔm f v ʔv t tʰ ⁿd ɖ n̥ n ʔn l t͡s t͡sʰ s z c cʰ ɲ̥ ɲ ʔɲ ɕ j ʔj k kʰ ŋ̥ ŋ ʔŋ ɣ ʔɣ q qʰ ʁ ʔ h pj pʰj ⁿbj ɓj m̥j mj ʔmj fj vj tj tʰj ⁿdj ɗj n̥j nj ʔnj lj t͡sj t͡sʰj sj t͡sw sw lw kw kʰw ŋw ʔŋw ɣw","i e a o u ə aː z aːi ai oi ui uə iu eu aːu au uən uei","# p t k m n ŋ","``Alveolo-palatal'' plosives transcribed as palatal /c cʰ ɟ ɟʰ/."
"sunw1242","suz","Sunwar",86.2476,27.5201,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Rapacha, Lal B.","2005","A descriptive grammar of Kirānti-Kõits",,"Jawaharlal Nehru University",,,,,,,,"i ĩ ɛ ɛ̃ ə a ã u ũ o õ p t t͡s ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d d͡z ɡ s ç h m n ŋ r l w j","-","# p t t͡s ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d d͡z ɡ s ç h m n ŋ r l w j bl br bj ɡl ɡr ɡj kl kr kj kʰl kr d͡zr pl pr pʰl pʰr çr","i ĩ ɛ ɛ̃ ə a ã u ũ o õ oi ui əi əɛ ai ɛi ɛu əu au iu õi ãi əĩ uĩ","# p t t͡s ʈ k ʔ pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d d͡z ɡ s ç m n ŋ r l w ŋɡ ŋs lt͡s lb mt͡s mb md mt md͡z pt͡s pt pn rt͡s rb ɡr ɡs ɡç ɡn",
"swed1254","swe","Swedish",17.389526,59.800634,"Indo-European","BOOK","Riad, Tomas","2013","The Phonology of Swedish","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"i y ʉ u e o ɛ ø ɑ p t k b d ɡ f s ʂ ɕ h v ʝ m n ŋ l r","H","# p t k b d ɡ f s ʂ ɕ h v ʝ m n l r sl sv sn sm st sp sk sf tr tv dr dv fj fr fl fn vr pj pr pl bj br bl kr kl kn ɡr ɡl ɡn nj mj spr spl spj str skr skv","i y ʉ u e o ɛ ø ɑ ɑʉ eʉ","# p t k b d ɡ f s ʂ v ʝ m n ŋ l r rl rn rd rt rs rʂ ln ld lt ls nd nt ns nʂ ds ts tʂ st ʂt ʂs ʝn jd jt js ŋn ŋd ŋt ŋs ɡd ɡt ɡs ɡd ɡt ɡs kt ks mn md mt ms vd vt vs bt bs pt ps ft fs rʝ rɡ rk rm rv rb rp rf lʝ lk lm lv lb lp lf nʝ tm sk sm sp ʝk ʝm ʝv ʝp ʝf ŋk ɡm mj mʝ mb mp mf rmt mnt mns rms rvt mʝt mʝs rvs rʝt mbs rʝs rbt mds rbs rɡs ŋnt ŋns lms ŋds lns nʝt nʝs lvt nds lvs lʝt vds lʝs lbs ʝds lds ɡds rpt rps lts ŋks nts ŋst rkt rks ŋkt nʂs rft rfs ʝst rʂs kst lft lfs rkt lpt lps nst lks lst mst vst ɡst lsk bsk dsk ʝfs ʝps ʝks ʝts mfs mts mps ŋts vts bts ɡts fst fts pst pts psk tʂs tsk kts sts sps skt sks ʂts CCCC CCCCC CCCCCC","Word-initial and word-final clusters interpreted as onset and coda clusters."
"taba1259","tab","Tabasaran",47.8379,42.0198,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Alekseev Алексеев, Mixail Михаил and Shixalieva Шихалиева, Sabrina Сабрина","2003","Tabasaranskij jazyk Табасаранский язык [Tabasaran language]","Academia",,,,,,,,,"i y u uˤ e a aˤ pʰ p b pʼ ɸ β m tʰ t d tʼ t̪͡s̪ʰ t̪͡s̪ t̪͡s̪ʼ d̪͡z̪ s̪ z̪ n t͡sʰ t͡s t͡sʼ d͡z s z l r t͡sʰʷ t͡sʷ t͡sʼʷ d͡zʷ sʷ zʷ j kʰ k ɡ kʼ x ɣ kʰʷ kʷ ɡʷ kʼʷ","-","?","?","?",
"taid1248","tyj","Tai Do-Mene-Yo",104.938,19.1801,"Tai-Kadai","ARTICLE","Chamberlain, James R.","1991","Mène: a Tai dialect originally spoken in Nghê An (Nghê Tinh), Viêtnam - preliminary linguistic observations and historical implications",,,,,"Journal of the Siam Society","103--123","79",2,,"p t c k pʰ tʰ kʰ h b d ʔ m n ɲ ŋ f s v j l i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː","LR LF FR H HF HRC LFC","p t c k pʰ tʰ kʰ h b d ʔ m n ɲ ŋ f s v j l w kv kʰv hv ʔv ŋv sv","i iː ɨ ɨː u uː e eː ə əː o oː ɛ ɛː a aː ɔ ɔː ia ɨa ua","# p t c k ʔ m n ŋ w j","<ï ïï ë ëë> transcribed as /ɨ ɨː ə əː/. It is assumed that an onset is obligatory, given that the source does not mention zero initial."
"kara1462","kim","Taiga Sayan Turkic",98.3792,53.7145,"Turkic","BOOK","Ragagnin, Elisabetta","2011","Dukhan, a Turkic variety of Northern Mongolia: Description and analysis","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"a e o ø i ɯ u y aː eː oː øː iː ɯː uː yː pʰ p m tʰ t n h͡s s l r d͡ʒ h͡ʃ ʃ j t͡ʃʰ h͡k k ŋ h","-","# C","a e o ø i ɯ u y aː eː oː øː iː ɯː uː yː","# C CC",
"taji1245","tgk","Tajik",68.5549,38.8213,"Indo-European","BOOK","Perry, John R.","2005","A Tajik Persian reference grammar","Brill",,,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a p t t͡ʃ k q b d d͡ʒ ɡ ʔ m n f s ʃ x h v z ʒ ɣ l r j","-","C","i u e ə o a","# C CC",
"tami1289","tam","Tamil",78.825989,10.520219,"Dravidian","BOOK","Asher, Ronald E","1985","Tamil","Croom Helm",,,,,,,,,"k t͡ʃ ʈ t p ɲ ɳ n m j ʋ ɾ l ɭ ɻ ɪ iː ʊ uː ɛ eː ɔ oː ɑ ɑː ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ʊ̃ ɔ̃ ẽː","-","# k t͡ʃ ʈ t p ɳ n m j ʋ ɾ l","ɪ iː ʊ uː ɛ eː ɔ oː ɑ ɑː ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ʊ̃ ɔ̃ ẽː ɑɪ ɑʊ","# k t͡ʃ ʈ t p ɲ ɳ n m j ʋ ɾ l ɭ ɻ jk jʈ ɻk ɻt ɻn","Loan phonemes were excluded based on the source's assumption that ``distinctive segments brought into the language by the introduction of foreign borrowings should be treated as belonging to a different phonological system than the native one'' (p. 211)."
"tang1377",,"Tangam",94.98,28.95,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Post, Mark W.","2017","The Tangam Language: Grammar, Dictionary and Texts","Brill",,,,,,,,,"i ɨ u e ə o a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː p b m t d n l ɹ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɲ s j k ɡ ŋ ʔ h","-","# C CG","i ɨ u e ə o a iː ɨː uː eː əː oː aː","# ŋ k t n","Identical vowel sequences analyzed as long vowels."
"tata1255","tat","Tatar",50,55,"Turkic","BOOK","Chen 陈, Zhongzhen 宗振 and Yi 伊, Liqian 里千","1986","Tataer-yu jianzhi 塔塔尔语简志 [Concise grammar of tatar]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,"1","ɑ ə ɛ ɨ e i o u ø y b pʰ m f w d tʰ n l s z r ʐ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j ɡ kʰ ŋ qʰ ʁ χ h","-","# b pʰ m f w d tʰ n l s z r ʐ d͡ʒ t͡ʃʰ ʃ j ɡ kʰ qʰ ʁ χ h","ɑ ə ɛ ɨ e i o u ø y","# b pʰ m f w d tʰ n l s z r ʐ d͡ʒ ʃ j ɡ kʰ ŋ qʰ ʁ χ h jtʰ rtʰ stʰ ntʰ ktʰ ltʰ rs χs rʃ nkʰ ld͡ʒ","/ŋ/ does not appear at word-initial position and here it is assumed that it also does not appear as word-internal onset. It wasn't clear whether the biconsonantal codas listed in p. 10 are exhaustive, although here they are assumed to be. Furthermore, p. 11 lists biconsonantal codas in loanwords that are unstable and tend to be resyllabified by some speakers by vowel epenthesis: /lqʰ χtʰ ftʰ jχ/. These four are thus excluded. It is not clear whether other biconsonantal clusters are unstable."
"telu1262","tel","Telugu",78.7024,16.4529,"Dravidian","INCOLLECTION","Krishnamurti, Bh.","1998","Telugu","Roudledge",,"The Dravidian Languages","Steever, Sanford B.",,"202–240",,,,"p pʰ t tʰ ʈ ʈʰ c cʰ k kʰ b b̤ d d̤ ɖ ɖ̤ ɟ ɟ̤ ɡ ɡ̤ f s ʂ ç x m n ɳ ɾ l ɭ w j i iː u uː e eː o oː æː a aː","-","?","?","?",
"thad1238","tcz","Thado Chin",93.722,24.096,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Haokip, Marykim","2014","Grammar of Thadou-Kuki: A Descriptive Study",,"Jawaharlal Nehru University",,,,,,,,"p b pʰ t d tʰ k ɡ ʔ t͡s m n ŋ v s z x h ɬ l w j i u e o ə a","H LH L HL","# p b pʰ t d tʰ k ɡ t͡s m n ŋ v s z x h ɬ l w j","i u e o ə a ei ai oi ui iu eu au ou ie uo","# p t ʔ m n ŋ l",
"thai1261","tha","Thai",100.671,14.192,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Iwasaki, Shoichi and Ingkaphirom, Preeya","2005","A Reference Grammar of Thai","Cambridge University Press",,,,,,,,,"b d p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ f s h m n ŋ l r w j i ʉ u e ə o ɛ a ɔ iː ʉː uː eː əː oː ɛː aː ɔː","H M L R F","b d p t c k ʔ pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ f s h m n ŋ l r w j pr tr kr kw pl kl pʰr kʰr kʰw pʰl kʰl","i ʉ u e ə o ɛ a ɔ iː ʉː uː eː əː oː ɛː aː ɔː ia ʉa ua","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ w j",
"thak1245","ths","Thakali",83.6466,28.7014,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Georg, Stefan","1996","Marphatan Thakali: Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Dorfes Marpha im Oberen Kāli-Ganṇḍaki-Tal/Nepal [Marphatan Thakali: Studies on the language of the village of Marpha in the Upper Kāli Ganṇḍaki Valley/Nepal]","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a ɒ p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ s ɽ ʂ l ɬ m n ŋ j","43 45 33/22 51","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ s ɽ ʂ l ɬ m n ŋ j pj pl pr mj ml mr pʰj pʰr kj tj nj lj t͡sʰj","i u e o a ɒ","# n ŋ m j r l","Word-initial and word-final restrictions interpreted as onset and coda restrictions."
"than1259","thf","Thangmi",85.7657,28.7554,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Turin, Mark","2011","A Grammar of the Thangmi Language: With an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture","Brill",,,,,,,,,"i e a ɑ o u k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ŋ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ ɳ t tʰ d d̤ n n̥ p pʰ b b̤ m j r l w s h","-","# k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ŋ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖ̤ ɳ t tʰ d d̤ n n̥ p pʰ b b̤ m j r l w s h bl ɡl kl pl br dr kr kʰr pr sr tr bj t͡sj t͡sʰj ɖj ɡj kj kʰj d͡zj lj mj nj ŋj pj rj sj tj ʈj ɡw kw","i e a ɑ o u ei ɑi oi ui eu ɑu ou","# p t t͡s ʈ k b ɡ m n ɳ ŋ s r l",
"thul1246","tdh","Thulung",87.6063,27.5389,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Lahaussois, Aimée","2002","Aspects of the Grammar of Thulung Rai: An endangered Himalayan Language",,"University of California at Berkeley",,,,,,,,"k kʰ ɡ ŋ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ t tʰ d d̤ n ʈ ɖ p pʰ b b̤ m r l j w s h ʔ i y ɯ u e o ɔ a","-","# k kʰ ɡ ŋ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ t tʰ d d̤ n ɖ p pʰ b b̤ m r l j w s h ʔ [kkʰɡŋt͡st͡sʰd͡zd͡z̤ttʰdd̤nɖppʰbb̤mrljwshʔ][lrwj]","i y ɯ u e o ɔ a ai au ea eu ɔi ɔu","# k ŋ d n ʈ ɖ p b m r l s",
"tibe1272","bod","Tibetan",90.1872,28.3681,"Sino-Tibetan","INCOLLECTION","Scott DeLancey","2017","Lhasa Tibetan","Routledge",,"The Sino-Tibetan Languages","Graham Thurgood and Randy J. LaPolla",,"385--403",,,"2","p t ʈ kʲ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰʲ kʰ t͡s c t͡sʰ cʰ m n ɲ ŋ s ʂ h l ɽ l̥ ɽ̥ w j i u e o a iː eː aː oː uː yː øː æː ĩː ỹː ũː ẽː ø̃ː õː æ̃ː ãː","H L","ʔ p t ʈ kʲ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰʲ kʰ t͡s c t͡sʰ cʰ m n ɲ ŋ s ʂ h l ɽ l̥ ɽ̥ w j","i u e o a iː eː aː oː uː yː øː æː ĩː ỹː ũː ẽː ø̃ː õː æ̃ː ãː","# p m k ŋ",
"tind1238","tin","Tindi",45.9227,42.3316,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Магомедбекова Magomedbekova, З. М. Z. M.","1998","Tindinskij Jazyk Тиндинский язык [Tindi language]","Academia",,"Языки мира: кавказские языки Jazyki mira: kavkazskie jazyki [Languages of the world: Caucasian languages]","Alekseev Алексеев, M. E. М. Е.",,"258--265",,,,"b p v d t tʲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʼ z̪ s̪ s̪ʲ n t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ z s sʲ r t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ ɬ ɬʲ l ʝ ç ɡ k kʲ k͡x ɣ x xʲ ʡ ʡʼ ʕ ħ ʔ ɦ a e i o u","-","# C CC","a e i o u","# C","``Dental'' and ``alveolar'' affricates, described as both ``weak'' and ``strong'' (where ``weak'' is assumed to mean palatalized), are interpreted as alveolo-palatal and palato-alveolar affricates."
"toda1252","tcx","Toda",77.0168,11.4184,"Dravidian","BOOK","S. Sakthivel","1976","Phonology of Toda with vocabulary","Annamalai University",,,,,,,,,"i iː y yː ɯ ɯː u uː e eː ø øː o oː a aː p b t̪ d̪ t͡s d͡z t d t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ ɖ k ɡ f θ s̪ z̪ s z ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ m n ɳ ɾ r ɽ ɬ l ɭ̥ ɭ j w","-","# C","C V","# C",
"torn1244","fit","Tornedalen Finnish",23.066,67.2527,"Uralic","BOOK","Söderholm, Eira","2017","Kvensk grammatikk [Kven grammar]","Cappelen Damm Akademisk",,,,,,,,,"a ð e f h i j k l m n ŋ o p r s t u v y æ ø","-","# f h j k l m n ŋ p r s t v ð CC CCC","a e i o u y æ ø ai ei oi ui yi øi uo yø au eu ou æy øy uoi","# C",
"tsak1249","tkr","Tsakhur",46.8858,41.5916,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Talibov, Bukar B.","2004","Tsakhur","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Job, Michael",,"347--419",,,,"b p pʰ pʼ v f m d̪ t̪ t̪ʰ t̪ʼ d̪͡z̪ t̪͡s̪ t̪͡s̪ʰ t̪͡s̪ʼ z̪ s̪ n̪ d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ t͡sʼ s l r ʝ ɡ k kʰ kʼ x ɣ q qʰ qʼ ʁ χ h i y ɨ u e ø o a ɑ uˤ eˤ oˤ aˤ","-","# b p pʰ pʼ v f m d̪ t̪ t̪ʰ t̪ʼ d̪͡z̪ t̪͡s̪ t̪͡s̪ʰ t̪͡s̪ʼ z̪ s̪ n̪ d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ t͡sʼ s l r ʝ ɡ k kʰ kʼ x ɣ q qʰ qʼ ʁ χ ʔ h","i y ɨ u e ø o a ɑ uˤ eˤ oˤ aˤ","# b pʰ pʼ v f m d̪ t̪ʰ t̪ʼ d̪͡z̪ t̪͡s̪ʰ t̪͡s̪ʼ z̪ s̪ n̪ d͡z t͡sʰ t͡sʼ s l r ʝ ɡ kʰ kʼ x ɣ qʰ qʼ ʁ χ ʔ h CC","/q/ only appears word-initially and word-medially and /ʔ/ only appears word-medially and word-finally. It is assumed here that /q/ does not appear as a word-internal coda and that /ʔ/ does not appear as a word-internal onset."
"tsat1238","huq","Tsat",109.336,18.3192,"Austronesian","BOOK","Thurgood, Graham and Thurgood, Ela and Fengxiang, Li","2014","A Grammatical Sketch of Hainan Cham: History, Contact, and Phonology","Mouton",,,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ ɓ ɗ v s z t͡s h m n ɲ ŋ l i u e ə o a aː","55 33 21 43 24","# p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ ɓ ɗ v s z t͡s h m ɲ ŋ l","z i u e ə o a aː æ̃ː iu iə io ia ua uj oj aj aːj aw aːw iaj iaw uaj","# t k ʔ n ŋ",
"dido1241","ddo","Tsez",45.8096,42.2646,"Nakh-Daghestanian","INCOLLECTION","Alekseev, Mikhail E. and Radžabov, Ramazan N.","2004","Tsez","Caravan Books",,"The indigenous languages of the Caucasus","Job, Michael",,"115--163",,,,"m w b p pʼ n r d t tʼ s z t͡s t͡sʼ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʼ l ɬ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ j ɡ k kʼ χ χˤ ʁ ʁˤ q qˤ qʼ qˤʼ ʡ ħ h i u e o a aː","-","# m w b p pʼ n r d t tʼ s z t͡s t͡sʼ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʼ l ɬ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ j ɡ k kʼ χ χˤ ʁ ʁˤ q qˤ qʼ qˤʼ ʡ ħ h","i u e o a aː","# m w b p pʼ n r d t tʼ s z t͡s t͡sʼ ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʼ l ɬ t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ j ɡ k kʼ χ χˤ ʁ ʁˤ q qˤ qʼ qˤʼ ʡ ħ h","``Consonant clusters are rare and occur word medially in loan words'' (p. 118). Given the absence of word-initial and word-final clusters, I assume that only biconsonantal medial clusters occur."
"tsha1245","tsj","Tshangla",91.7741,27.3694,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Andvik, Erik E.","1999","Tshangla Grammar",,"University of Oregon",,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ s ɕ z m n ɳ ŋ l ɾ w j h i u e o a","-","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ s ɕ z m n ɳ ŋ l ɾ w j h pr pʰr br kr kʰr ɡr pɕ","i u e o a ai oi ui au","# p t k s m n ŋ ɾ",
"tulu1258","tcy","Tulu",75.2651,12.8114,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Bhatt, Sooda Lakshminarayana","1971","A Grammar of Tulu (A Dravidian Language)",,"University of Wisconsin",,,,,,,,"i ɨ u e ɛ o a iː ɨː uː eː ɛː oː aː k ɡ h ŋ c ɟ j ɲ ʈ ɖ ʂ ɳ ɭ t d s n l r p b w m","-","# k ɡ h ŋ c ɟ j ɲ ʈ ɖ ʂ ɳ ɭ t d s n l r p b w m kh ɡh ch ɟh ɖh th dh ph bh kj cj dj bj tj kʂ ɟw ɟɲ kl ɡl pl bl kr ɡr ʈr ɖr tr dr pr br sk st sp sʈ ʂj ʂw sw wj ʂm sn sm ʂɭ sl hr ʂr sr wr nj mj nr mr tn tm kn ʈh th ɖɭ tl str bɖ ts tw ʈj dw ɡn ɟn pɳ bn bɳ ɟl tl dl bɭ ʈɭ ɟr dn cl kn ɖj kɭ ɡhr skr sth","i ɨ u e ɛ o a iː ɨː uː eː ɛː oː aː","# k ɡ h ŋ c ɟ j ɲ ʈ ɖ ʂ ɳ ɭ t d s n l r p b w m","The segments <h y w>, although described in the source as velar/palatal/labial fricatives, probably refers to /h j w/ rather than /x ʝ β/, based on their overall description. It wasn't clear whether the list of possible consonant clusters are comprehensive; here they are assumed to be."
"nene1249","yrk","Tundra Nenets",71.0234,66.1775,"Uralic","BOOK","Nikolaeva, Irina","2014","A Grammar of Tundra Nenets","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"m mʲ n ɲ ŋ p pʲ t c k ʔ b bʲ d ɟ t͡s c͡ç s ç x w j l ʎ r rʲ iː uː i u e o æː a ă ə̆","-","# C","iː uː i u e o æː a ă ə̆","# C",
"turk1303","klj","Turkic Khalaj",50.3222,34.4224,"Turkic","BOOK","Doerfer, Gerhard","1971","Khalaj materials","Curzon",,,,,,,,,"k ɡ ŋ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t d n p b f v m j ɾ l ʃ ʒ s z h a o u æ œ y i","-","?","?","?",
"nucl1301","tur","Turkish",32.8667,39.8667,"Turkic","BOOK","Göksel, Aslı and Kerslake, Celia","2005","Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"p t k c t͡ʃ f s ʃ h b d ɡ ɟ d͡ʒ v z ʒ ɣ m n lˠ l r j y i œ e u ɯ o a aː uː iː eː","-","# p t k c t͡ʃ ɟ f s ʃ h b d ɡ ɟ d͡ʒ v z ʒ ɣ m n lˠ l r j","y i œ e u ɯ o a aː uː iː eː","# p t k c t͡ʃ f s ʃ h b d d͡ʒ v z ʒ ɣ m n lˠ lr j CC",
"turk1304","tuk","Turkmen",59.1757,37.0872,"Turkic","BOOK","Clark, Larry","1998","Turkmen reference grammar","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"i iː y yː ɯ ɯː u uː e ø øː o oː æː a aː b p d t ɡ k d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ð θ ʃ m n ŋ l ɾ w j h","-","# b p d t ɡ k d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ð θ ʃ m n l ɾ w j h","i iː y yː ɯ ɯː u uː e ø øː o oː æː a aː","# p t k m n ŋ l ɾ ð θ ʃ t͡ʃ h j w CC","Word-initial and word-final constraints interpreted as onset and coda constraints. <š ǰ č> were defined as ``alveolar'' but described as English <sh j ch>. They are thus transcribed here as palato-alveolar."
"turo1239","tru","Turoyo",42.1451,37.2275,"Afro-Asiatic","INCOLLECTION","Otto Jastrow","2011","Ṭuroyo and Mlaḥsô","De Gruyter Mouton",,"The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook","Stefan Weninger",,"697----707",,,,"p b t d k ɡ q ʔ tˤ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ f v θ ð x ɣ ħ ʕ h s z sˤ ç ʝ m n nˤ l lˤ r rˤ w j i e a o u ə̯ a̯ u̯","-","?","?","?","Emphatic consonants interpreted as pharyngealized consonants."
"tuvi1240","tyv","Tuvinian",94.36667,51.7,"Turkic","BOOK","Gregory D. Anderson and David K. Harrison","1999","Tyvan","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"i y ɯ u e ø a o iː yː ɯː uː eː øː aː oː pʰ p tʰ t k ɡ m n ŋ r f s z ç ʝ x c͡ç l v j","-","# pʰ p tʰ t k ɡ m n r f s z ç ʝ x c͡ç l v j","i y ɯ u e ø a o iː yː ɯː uː eː øː aː oː","# pʰ t k ɡ m n ŋ r f s z ç ʝ l v j rt jt",
"udii1243","udi","Udi",47.7236,40.9,"Nakh-Daghestanian","BOOK","Schulze, Wolfgang","1982","Die Sprache der Uden in Nord-Azerbajdžan: Studien zur Synchronie und Diakronie einer Süd-ostkaukasischen Sprache [The language of the Uden in North Azerbaijan: Studies in the synchrony and diacrony of a South-East Caucasian language]","Otto Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"a i u e o ə æ ø y b p pˀ w f d̺ t̺ t̺ˀ d̺z t̺s t̺sˀ z̺ s̺ d͡z t͡s t͡sˀ s r j l ɡ k kˀ x ɣ ɡ q qˀ ɦ h m n ŋ","-","# b p pˀ w f d̺ t̺ t̺ˀ d̺z t̺s t̺sˀ z̺ s̺ d͡z t͡s t͡sˀ s r j l ɡ k kˀ x ɣ ɡ q qˀ ɦ h m n ŋ","a i u e o ə æ ø y VV","# C CC",
"udih1248","ude","Udihe",135.678,46.6309,"Tungusic","BOOK","Nikolaeva, Irina and Tolskaya, Maria","2001","A Grammar of Udihe","Mouton de Gruyter",,,,,,,,,"i y u ø ə o æ a eː iː yː uː øː əː oː æː aː a̰ ə̰ o̰ æ̰ b d ɡ p t k s x d͡z t͡s m n ɲ ŋ l w j","-","# b d ɡ p t k s x d͡z t͡s m n ɲ ŋ l w j","i y u ø ə o æ a eː iː yː uː øː əː oː æː aː a̰ ə̰ o̰ æ̰","# b ɡ k p ŋ m n","Ideophonic consonants not included. The ``diphthongoid'' <ie> is transcribed as /eː/."
"udmu1245","udm","Udmurt",52.63548,56.12921,"Uralic","BOOK","Eberhard Winkler","2001","Udmurt","Lincom",,,,,,,,,"i ɯ u e ɤ o a p t c k b d ɟ ɡ t͡ɕ t͡ʃ d͡ʑ d͡ʒ s ɕ ʃ v z ʑ ʒ m n ɲ l ʎ r j","-","# C CC","i ɯ u e ɤ o a au ua ui","# C LC","``Postalveolar'' and ``palatal'' sibilants are interpreted as alveolo-palatal and palato-alveolar sibilants, respectively."
"uigh1240","uig","Uighur",87.38,43.88,"Turkic","BOOK","Tohti 托乎提, Litip 力提甫","2012","Xiandai weiwueryu cankao yufa 现代维吾尔语参考语法 [A reference grammar of modern Uighur]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"i e ɛ ɑ y ø u o ɑː b p m w d t z s n l r d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʃ ɡ k ɴ j q ʁ χ h","-","# b p m w d t z s n l r d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʃ ɡ k ɴ j q ʁ χ h","i e ɛ ɑ y ø u o ɑː","# b p m w d t z s n l r d͡ʒ t͡ʃ ʃ ɡ k ɴ j q ʁ χ h pt ps wd͡ʒ wr sp st sq ʃt ʃq nd nt nt͡ʃ ld lq rp rt rz rs rʃ rɡ rk rq kt ks jp jt jz jʃ jl jx xt ɴq hl",
"ukra1253","ukr","Ukrainian",29.945,49.796,"Indo-European","BOOK","Press, Ian and Pugh, Stefan","1999","Ukrainian : a comprehensive grammar","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"i ɪ ɛ a ɔ u p t tʲ k b d dʲ ɡ f s sʲ ʃ x z zʲ ʒ h t͡s t͡sʲ t͡ʃ d͡z d͡zʲ d͡ʒ β j m n nʲ l lʲ r rʲ","-","?","?","?",
"uppe1395","hsb","Upper Sorbian",14.4098,51.2403,"Indo-European","BOOK","Schuster-Šewc, Heinz","1996","Grammar of Upper Sorbian language: phonology and morphology","Lincom Europa",,,,,,,,,"i e ɛ a ɔ o u p b t d k ɡ pʲ bʲ t͡s t͡sʲ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ s z zʲ ç ʝ f v x w wʲ h j m mʲ n nʲ l r rʲ","-","?","i e ɛ a ɔ o u","?",
"urum1249","uum","Urum",43.994,42.0379,"Turkic","ARTICLE","Podolsky, Baruch","1986","Notes on the Urum language",,,,,"Mediterranean Language Review","99--112","2",,,"i y ɯ u e ø ɑ o p t tʲ t͡ʃ k b d dʲ d͡ʒ ɡ f s ʃ ʒ x v z ɣ m n nʲ ŋ lˠ l r rʲ j","-","?","?","?","<č j š ž> interpreted as /t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ/."
"vaag1238","vaa","Vaagri Booli",79.5335,12.215,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Srinivasavarma, Govindaswamy","1967","Descriptive study of Narikkurava dialect (A grammar of Va:grivellibo:li)",,"Annamalai University",,,,,,,,"i e a o u ɨ iː eː aː oː uː ẽ ã ũ ĩː ẽː ãː õː ũː p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ç h v z j m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l ɭ r ʀ","-","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ç h v z j m n ɲ l ɭ r ʀ ph bh th dh ʈh ɖh kh ɡh ch ɟh vh mh nh lh rh mr kj nd dr","i e a o u ɨ iː eː aː oː uː ẽ ã ũ ĩː ẽː ãː õː ũː","# p t ʈ c k b d ɖ ɟ ɡ s ç h v j m n ɳ ɲ ŋ l ɭ r ʀ",
"fare1244",,"Vach-Vasjugan",79.873651,60.10378,"Uralic","PHDTHESIS","Filchenko, Andrey Y.","2007","A Grammar of Eastern Khanty",,"Rice University",,,,,,,,"p t c k q w j s ɣ t͡ʃ m n ɲ̟ ɲ ŋ l ʎ̟ ʎ r i y ɯ u e ø o æ ɑ ə̯ e̯ ø̯ o̯","-","# C","i y ɯ u e ø o æ ɑ ə̯ e̯ ø̯ o̯","# C","The source notes that CC clusters normally undergo vowel epenthesis but clusters with a homorganic sonorant may forego epenthesis. As epenthesis is optionally present in all CC forms, I have not included CC as a coda form."
"vagh1246","vgr","Vaghri",68.6051,26.1404,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Shankerlal, Vyas Gajendra","1966","The dialect of the Vaghers of Okhamandal: descriptive grammar",,"Gujarat University",,,,,,,,"p b m t d n c ɟ k ɡ ŋ ʈ ɖ ɳ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ cʰ ɟ̤ kʰ ɡ̤ ʈʰ ɖ̤ ɽ s r h l w j i u ɐ ɔ ɛ ɑ e o ĩ ũ ɐ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃ ɑ̃","-","# p b m t d n c ɟ k ɡ ʈ ɖ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ cʰ ɟ̤ kʰ ɡ̤ ʈʰ ɖ̤ ɳ s r ɽ h l w j CC","i u ə ɐ ɛ ɑ e o ĩ ũ ɐ̃ ɔ̃ ɛ̃ ɑ̃ ɔɑ ɑi ɑu ɑũ","# p b m t d n c ɟ k ɡ ŋ ʈ ɖ ɳ pʰ b̤ tʰ d̤ cʰ ɟ̤ kʰ ɡ̤ ʈʰ ɖ̤ ɽ s r h l w j CC",
"varh1239","vah","Varhadi-Nagpuri",79.7516,20.7139,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Jha, Aparna","1972","Descriptive analysis of Koṣṭi",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"i u e ə o a p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ŋ m̥ n̥ s ç h r r̥ l l̥ ʋ j j̥",,"# p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ m n m̥ n̥ s ç h r r̥ l l̥ ʋ j j̥ sj mj kʰj pr nj br sʋ bj pʰr kj sk bl ʋj tj hj rj b̤j nj lj d̤j dr ɟ͡ʝr d̤r ɖ̤r ʈj ɖ̤ʋ str","i u e ə o a","# p t ʈ c͡ç k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ c͡çʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɟ͡ʝ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɟ͡ʝ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɳ ŋ s ç h r l ʋ j ŋɡ nt ɳɖ hj",
"veps1250","vep","Veps",34.7865,60.3353,"Uralic","INCOLLECTION","Viitso, Tiit-Rein","1987","North Veps Phonology","Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs (VWGÖ)",,"Studien zur Phonologie und Morphonologie der uralischen Sprachen: Akten der dritten Tagung für uralische Phonologie Eisenstadt, 28. Juni - 1. Juli 1984","Rédei, Károly",,"304--312",,,,"u o ɑ e i y ø a uː iː f sʲ ʃ h t͡s t͡sʲ t͡ʃ p t tʲ k z zʲ ʒ b d dʲ ɡ m n nʲ ŋ l lʲ r rʲ v j zːʲ ʒː lː lːʲ","-","?","u o ɑ e i y ø a uː iː [uoɑeiyøa][ui]","?","The diphthongs may be VV or V[vj] sequences, both interpretations being likely (p. 307). Here, they are interpreted as VV sequences."
"viet1252","vie","Vietnamese",105.774071,20.681188,"Austroasiatic","ARTICLE","Kirby, James P.","2011","Vietnamese (Hanoi Vietnamese)",,,,,"Journal of the International Phonetic Association","381----392","41",3,,"p ɓ t tʰ ɗ t͡ɕ k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ f v s z x ɣ h w j l i e ɛ a ɯ ɤ u o ɔ ə","44 32 24 45 22 21 312 325","ɓ t tʰ ɗ t͡ɕ k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ f v s z x ɣ h w l j Cw","i e ɛ a ɯ ɤ u o ɔ iə uə ɯə","# p t k m n ŋ j w","`` The initial consonant may be accompanied by a secondary labial articulation'' (p. 388). Here I interpret this as a complex onset (Cw)."
"vlax1238","rmy","Vlax Romani",18.16,46.09,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Wagner, Peter","2012","A Grammar of North West Lovari Romani",,"Univerzitá Karlová v Praze",,,,,,,,"a aː e ɛː i iː o oː u uː p pʰ b f v m t tʰ d s z t͡ʃ n r c ɟ j ʃ ʒ t͡s ʎ r̝ ɲ l kʰ k ɡ h χ ʔ","-","?","a aː e ɛː i iː o oː u uː ej ou","?",
"voti1245","vot","Votic",28.6235,59.3802,"Uralic","BOOK","Ariste, Paul","1968","A grammar of the Votic language","Indiana University Publications",,,,,,,,,"u ɨ i y o ə e ø ɑ a uː ɨː iː yː oː əː eː øː ɑː aː k t p ɡ d b n m x ʂ s f j ʐ z v l r ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡s tʲ dʲ nʲ sʲ zʲ lʲ rʲ","-","# C CC CCC","u ɨ i y o ə e ø ɑ a uː ɨː iː yː oː əː eː øː ɑː aː əɑ ye yə ɑi oi ui əi ai ei øi yi ɑo io uo ɑu ou əu eu iu ia ya ay ey øy oɑ uɑ əɑ iɑ ɑu əu au eu iu ia øa ya ɑi oi ui əi ai ei yi ay ey iy","?","It is unclear what the affricate <š't'š'> represents, hence it was excluded."
"wadd1237","wbq","Waddar",77.1673,19.8838,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Sarikar, Parappa D.","1998","Bijapur Waḍḍa: Dialect [A synchronic linguistic analysis]",,"Karnatak University",,,,,,,,"i iː u uː ɪ ʊ e o eː oː ə əː ɛ a aː p b t d ʈ ɖ k q c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ s ʂ ç h l ɭ r w w̃ j","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k q c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ s ç h l ɭ r w w̃ j bj tw dw dr dj c͡çj ɟ͡ʝj kw kj ɡw ɡl mj nj sw hw wj wɡ sn wjʈ pl ɖj rj sj pj ʈl ʈj","i iː u uː ɪ ʊ e o eː oː ə əː ɛ a aː","# p b d t ʈ ɖ k q c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ m n ɳ s ʂ ç l ɭ r w w̃ j ʈʈ kk pk ʈl ɖl ɖs kj kl ɡj ɖm mb ɳɖ nɟ͡ʝ nk nɡ ms ns sɖ wɖ rʈ rɡ rm ɭm sm lj sj sl sr ɖɡm ɳʈm ɳɖl ɳɖj nɟ͡ʝr jʈj lkɖ jb st","It is not clear whether the list of clusters are comprehensive. Here it is assumed to be."
"wakh1245","wbl","Wakhi",73.9777,37.1768,"Indo-European","INCOLLECTION","Bashir, Elena","2009","Wakhi","Routledge",,"The Iranian Languages","Windfuhr, Gernot",,"825--862",,,,"i ɨ ə o u p t ʈ k q b d ɖ ɡ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ c͡ç d͡z ɖ͡ʐ ɟ͡ʝ f θ s ʂ ç x χ v ð z ʐ ʝ ɣ ɢ w j m n r l","-","# C sp st sk br dr tr ɡr kr bl pl spr str stw χtl","i ɨ ə o u","# C CC CCC",
"wamb1257","wme","Wambule",86.47646,27.14808,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Opgenort, Jean R.","2004","A Grammar of Wambule","Brill",,,,,,,,,"i iː u uː e o a aː ʌ p t t͡s ʈ k pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d d͡z ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ d͡z̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ ɓ ɗ ʔ m n ŋ s r l w j h","-","p t t͡s ʈ k pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d d͡z ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ d͡z̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ ɓ ɗ ʔ m n ŋ s r l w j h Cl Cr Cj Cw","m i iː u uː e o a aː ʌ ʌi ʌu","# p t t͡s ʈ k pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d d͡z ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ d͡z̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ ʔ m n ŋ s r l",
"wayu1241","vay","Wayu",86.1227,27.3047,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Michailovsky, Boyd","1981","Grammaire de la Langue Hayu (Népal)",,"University of California at Los Angeles",,,,,,,,"i ɪ e a o ɔ u iː ɪː eː aː oː ɔː uː ĩ ɪ̃ ẽ ã õ ɔ̃ ũ ĩː ɪ̃ː ẽː ãː õː ɔ̃ː ũː k kʰ x ɡ ŋ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s t tʰ d n p pʰ b m r l l̥ j w w̥ h ʔ","-","# k kʰ x ɡ ŋ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s t tʰ d n p pʰ b m r l l̥ j w w̥ h kl kʰl ɡl kr ɡr pl bl dr","i ɪ e a o ɔ u iː ɪː eː aː oː ɔː uː ĩ ɪ̃ ẽ ã õ ɔ̃ ũ ĩː ɪ̃ː ẽː ãː õː ɔ̃ː ũː eo ai ãĩ","# p t k m n ŋ r l s x ʔ","It wasn't clear if the seven vowel qualities all exist as long nasalized vowels. Here it is assumed that all seven exist."
"wels1247","cym","Welsh",-4,52,"Indo-European","BOOK","Hannahs, Stephen J","2013","The phonology of Welsh","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f v θ ð s ɬ ʃ χ h r̥ r l w j iː ɨː ɨ uː ɪ ʊ ə eː oː ɛ ɔ a aː","-","# p b t d k ɡ m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f v θ ð s ɬ ʃ χ h r̥ r l w j pl pr fl fr bl br m̥l m̥r vl vr ml mr tl tr θr θl dl dr n̥l n̥r ðr nr kl kr kn χl χr χn ɡl ɡr ɡn ŋ̥l ŋ̥r ŋ̥n ŋl ŋr ɡw kw χw sb st sɡ sbr sbl str sɡl sɡr","iː ɨː ɨ uː ɪ ʊ ə eː oː ɛ ɔ a aː aɪ ɔɪ əɪ ɪʊ ɛʊ aʊ ɨʊ aɨ aːɨ ɔɨ əɨ","# p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f v θ ð s ɬ ʃ χ r l w j TT RR","Northern Welsh. The onset clusters include ``citation forms'' and ``mutation forms''."
"itel1242","itl","West Itelmen",156.30704,56.046173,"Chukotko-Kamchatkan","BOOK","Georg, Stefan and Volodin, Alexander P.","1999","Die itemenische Sprache [The Itelman language]","Harrassowitz Verlag",,,,,,,,,"ɪ u ɛ ɔ a ə p t k q ʔ pˀ tˀ kˀ qˀ t͡ʃ t͡ʃˀ ɸ s ɬ x h β z j r l ʎ m n ɲ ŋ","-","# p t k q ʔ pˀ tˀ kˀ qˀ t͡ʃ t͡ʃˀ ɸ s ɬ x h β z j r l ʎ m n ɲ ŋ [ptkqʔrlʎmnɲŋfsɬxhwzj][ptkqʔrlʎmnɲŋfsɬxhwzjpˀtˀkˀqˀt͡ʃt͡ʃˀ] [pˀtˀkˀqˀt͡ʃt͡ʃˀ][rlʎmnɲŋpˀtˀkˀqˀt͡ʃt͡ʃˀfsɬxhwzj] CCC CCCC CCCCC CCCCCC CCCCCCC","m n l ɪ u ɛ ɔ a ə","# C CC CCC CCCC CCCCC","Labialization is treated as a suprasegmental phoneme in the source (§2.3.1)."
"west2402","ybe","West Yugur",99.3112,39.0548,"Turkic","PHDTHESIS","Roos, Martina Erica","2000","The Western Yugur (Yellow Uygur) Language: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary",,"Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden",,,,,,,,"pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ s ʂ ɕ x z ʐ ɣ m n ŋ r l h w j f i y ɯ u e ø ɑ o","-","# pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ s ʂ ɕ x z ʐ ɣ m n ŋ r l h w j f","i y ɯ u e ø ɑ o ia iu ua ya io","# pʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ p t k q s ʂ z ʐ ɣ m n ŋ r l j f rt rk rq rn rs lk lq ln jt jn ʂt","``There is only one instance of an initial consonant cluster: the obsolescent evidential particle -trʊ.'' (p. 28) As it is obsolescent, I have not included it."
"homs1234","hyw","Western Armenian",44.4839,40.1897,"Indo-European","BOOK","Vaux, Bert","1998","The phonology of Armenian","Oxford University Press",,,,,,,,,"pʰ b m f tʰ d n s z t͡sʰ d͡z ɾ l ʃ ʒ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ kʰ ɡ χ ʁ h i u ɛ ɔ a","-","# C i u Ci","i u ɛ ɔ a ə","# C LT TT iN uN iL uL iT uT NT LN iNP uNP VNČ LPkʰ LČkʰ NPkʰ NČkʰ","Loanwords not reflected in the list of codas."
"west2368","bgn","Western Balochi",62.17,37.83,"Indo-European","PHDTHESIS","Soohani, Bahareh","2017","The Phonology of Iranian-Balochi Dialects: Description and Analysis",,"Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden",,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ ʔ s z ʃ ʒ ɣ χ h t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n w r ɻ j l i u e o æ ɑ","-","p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ ʔ s z ʃ ʒ ɣ χ h t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n w r j l CC CCC","i u e o æ ɑ ie ue","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ s z ʃ ʒ ɣ χ h t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n r ɻ j l CC","The source analyzes the initial part of some word-initial clusters and the final part of some word-final clusters as prependices and semisyllables, respectively. I do not reflect this analysis here as no reason for such analysis was given other than the violation of the sonority hierarchy."
"west2369","pes","Western Farsi",53.3,32.9,"Indo-European","BOOK","Shahrzad, Mahootian Lewis Gebhardt","1997","Persian","Routledge",,,,,,,,,"i u e o æ a p b t d k ɡ ɢ ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f v s z ʃ ʒ x m n l ɾ j h","-","# p b t d k ɡ ɢ ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f v s z ʃ ʒ x m n l ɾ j h","i u e o æ a ou","# p b t d k ɡ ɢ ʔ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f v s z ʃ ʒ x m n l ɾ j h CC","Diphthong <ow> here transcribed as <ou>, given that /w/ is absent."
"west2418","mrd","Western Magar",83.511,28.2462,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Grunow-Hårsta, Karen A.","2008","A descriptive grammar of two Magar dialects of Nepal: Tanahu and Syangja Magar",,"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m m̤ n n̤ ŋ ŋ̤ ɹ ɹ̤ l l̤ w w̤ j j̤ i e ʌ u o a","-","# p pʰ b b̤ t tʰ d d̤ k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ s h m m̤ n n̤ ŋ ŋ̤ ɹ ɹ̤ l l̤ w w̤ j j̤ Cɹ Cw Cj","i e ʌ u o a","# p pʰ tʰ d k kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s h m m̤ n n̤ ŋ ŋ̤ ɹ ɹ̤ l l̤ w j","Syangja variety. It's uncertain whether /t͡sʰ d͡z̤/ appear as coda. Since affricates only appear as coda in Nepali loans (p. 50), and given that /t͡sʰ/ but not /d͡z̤/ appear as coda in Nepali, I assumed that /t͡sʰ/ appear as coda but not /d͡z̤/. The maximal onset length and coda length were not specified, but as only biconsonantal onsets were mentioned, I assume them to be the limit."
"west2408","mut","Western Muria",80.7006,20.2384,"Dravidian","PHDTHESIS","Andres, Susie","1978","A Description of Muria Gondi Phonology and Morphology",,"Deccan College",,,,,,,,"p b t d ʈ ɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ m n ŋ s ʋ j h l r ʀ ɾ i u e o a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã","-","# p b t d ʈ ɖ k ɡ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ s m n ʋ j h l r","i u e o a ĩ ũ ẽ õ ã","# p t d ʈ ɖ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ m n ŋ s ʋ j h l r ʀ ɾ CC CCC","The source analyzes nasalized vowels as sequences of oral vowels and ``vocoid nasal semivowel''. For theoretical consistency, here they are transcribed as nasalized vowels."
"west2417","wmg","Western Muya",101.418,29.444,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Bai, Junwei","2019","A grammar of Munya",,"James Cook University",,,,,,,,"p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɡ m n ɲ ŋ s ɕ x v z ʐ ʑ ɣ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ j l i y ɯ u e ø ɤ ə ɛ ʌ ɔ a ɑ","H L","# p t k pʰ tʰ kʰ b d ɡ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿɡ m n ɲ ŋ s ɕ x v z ʐ ʑ ɣ t͡s ʈ͡ʂ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ d͡z ɖ͡ʐ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿd͡ʑ j l mpʰ ntʰ ŋkʰ nt͡sʰ nt͡ɕʰ nʈ͡ʂʰ","i y ɯ u e ø ɤ ə ɛ ʌ ɔ a ɑ","#",
"west2763","amw","Western Neo-Aramaic",36.484,33.8162,"Afro-Asiatic","BOOK","Arnold, Werner","1990","Das Neuwestaramäische V: Grammatik [The Western Neo-Aramaic V: Grammar]","Harrassowitz",,,,,,,,,"p b t tˤ c q t͡ʃ f s z sˤ zˤ ʃ ʒ χ ʀ ħ ʕ h θ ð ðˤ m n l r w j i iː e eː a aː o oː u uː","-","C CC","i iː e eː a aː o oː u uː aw aj ə","# C CC","Emphatic consonants interpreted as pharyngealized consonants."
"ling1262","onb","Western Ong-Be",109.691664,19.885536,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Liang 梁, Min 敏 and Zhang 张, Junru 圴如","1997","Lingaoyu yanjiu 临高语研究 [The Lingao language]","Shanghai Yuandong Chubanshe 上海远东出版社",,,,,,,,,"p bˀ m f v t dˀ n l t͡s ɲ s j k ŋ x ʔ h a e i ɔ o u ə","213 55 33 11 33C 55C","bˀ m f v t dˀ n l t͡s ɲ s j k ŋ x ʔ h","a e i ɔ o u ə ia ua ai uai ɔi oi ui əi au iau eu iu ɔu əu","# m n ŋ p t k ʔ","Lincheng 临城 variety."
"west2420","kjl","Western Parbate Kham",82.7348,28.6521,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Watters, David E.","1998","The Kham Language of West-Central Nepal (Takale Dialect)",,"University of Oregon",,,,,,,,"p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ s z t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ m n ŋ h l r j w i y ɯ u e ø ə o a iː yː ɯː uː eː øː əː oː aː ĩː ɯ̃ː ũː ẽː ə̃ː õː ãː","H M","# p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ s z t͡s d͡z t͡sʰ m n ŋ h l r j w pj bj tj dj kj ɡj pʰj tʰj kʰj sj zj t͡sj d͡zj t͡sʰj mj nj hj lj rj wj bw tw dw kw ɡw pʰw tʰw kʰw sw zw t͡sw d͡zw t͡sʰw mw nw ŋw hw lw rw jw","i y ɯ u e ø ə o a iː yː ɯː uː eː øː əː oː aː ĩː ɯ̃ː ũː ẽː ə̃ː õː ãː əi əu ai ia au ua","# p t k s t͡s m n ŋ l r",
"west2873",,"Western Puroik",93.1364474,27.6808861,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Lieberherr, Ismael","2017","A Grammar of Bulu Puroik",,"Universität Bern",,,,,,,,"p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ ʔ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ŋ f v s z ʃ ʒ h ɬ w r ɹ l j i ɨ u e ə o ɛ a ɔ y ɛ̃","H L","# p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ m n ŋ f v s z ʃ ʒ h ɬ w r l j [pbtdkɡ][rl] Cj Cɹ Crj Clj","m i ɨ u e ə o ɛ a ɔ ai ao au ei yɛ yi əi əu ɔi oi uɛ ui uɛ̃ yɛ̃","# ŋ n m ʔ p r l","Nasal vowels are interpreted as underlying VN sequences, as they are realized as nasal vowels in isolation but the nasal coda emerges before plosives (e.g. /ũ̀/ [ũː] `came' vs. /ũ̀-pʰɛ́ʔ/ [umpʰɛʔ] `reached', p. 67). An exception is /ɛ̃/, which is realized as a nasal vowel in all contexts and thus analyzed as a phonemic nasal vowel. The motivation for adopting this alternative analysis (contra the grammarian's view that all /Ṽ/s are monophonemic nasal vowels) is that the comprehensive list of possible nasal vowels and diphthongs including nasal vowels was not given."
"west2415","tdg","Western Tamang",85.0563,28.0239,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Dan Raj Regmi and Ambika Regmi","2018","A Grammar of Western Tamang","LINCOM",,,,,,,,,"p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s h r r̥ l l̥ w j i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː ə ĩː ẽ ẽː ə̃","HF MR MF LF","# p t ʈ k pʰ tʰ ʈʰ kʰ b d ɖ ɡ b̤ d̤ ɖ̤ ɡ̤ m n ɲ ŋ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z s h r r̥ l l̥ w j pr pl pj pʰr pʰl pʰj kr kl kj kʰr kʰl kʰj mr ml mj ɡj t͡sj t͡sʰj d͡zj sj ŋj b̤j tj tʰj hj","i iː u uː e eː o oː a aː ə ĩː ẽ ẽː ə̃ iu əi əu ai au ei eu ui oi oə oe","# p t b m n ŋ s h r l","The source does not mention word-medial clusters, when they apparently exist (e.g. /mjendo/ 'flower', p. 15). Here, the word-final consonants are assumed to be identical to coda consonants."
"west2430","mmr","Western Xiangxi Miao",109.67,28.33,"Hmong-Mien","PHDTHESIS","Sposato, Adam","2015","A grammar of Xong",,"State University of New York at Buffalo",,,,,,,,"p pʰ ⁿb ⁿp pʲ pʲʰ ⁿbʲ t tʰ ⁿd ⁿt tʲ tʲʰ ⁿdʲ ⁿtʲ t͡s t͡sʰ ⁿt͡s ⁿd͡z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿt͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿʈ͡ʂ k kʰ ⁿɡ ⁿk kʲ kʲʰ ⁿɡʲ ⁿkʲ q qʰ ⁿɢ ⁿq qʷ qʷʰ ⁿɢʷ ⁿqʷ m m̥ mʲ f ʋ n n̥ l l̥ nʲ lʲ l̥ʲ s ɕ ɳ ʂ ʐ ŋ ŋʷ h hʷ j i ɛ ɤ o u a ɑ ĩ ã ɑ̃ õ ɰ","41 454 43 43ʰ 14 22ʰ 22 21ʰ","# p pʰ ⁿb ⁿp pʲ pʲʰ ⁿbʲ t tʰ ⁿd ⁿt tʲ tʲʰ ⁿdʲ ⁿtʲ t͡s t͡sʰ ⁿt͡s ⁿd͡z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿt͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ⁿɖ͡ʐ ⁿʈ͡ʂ k kʰ ⁿɡ ⁿk kʲ kʲʰ ⁿɡʲ ⁿkʲ q qʰ ⁿɢ ⁿq qʷ qʷʰ ⁿɢʷ ⁿqʷ m m̥ mʲ f ʋ n n̥ l l̥ nʲ lʲ l̥ʲ s ɕ ɳ ʂ ʐ ŋ ŋʷ h hʷ j","m i ɛ ɤ o u a ɑ ĩ ã ɑ̃ õ ɛɰ","#",
"west2356","wep","Westphalic",7.499,51.459,"Indo-European","BOOK","Niebaum, Hermann","1974","Zur synchronischen und historischen Phonologie des Westfälischen: die Mundart von Laer (Landkreis Osnabrück) [On the synchronic and historical phonology of Westphalian: the dialect of Laer (Osnabrück district)]","Böhlau",,,,,,,,,"ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ œ ɔ a ə iː yː uː eː øː oː aː i y u ɑ b d p t k v z ɣ f s x j m n ŋ r l h","-","# ʔ b d p t k v f s z x ɣ j m n ŋ r l h bl br dr dv vr pl pr tr tv kn kl kr kv fl fr sv sp st sk sx sm sn sl xn xl xr spl spr str sxr","ɪ ʏ ʊ ɛ œ ɔ a ə iː yː uː eː øː oː aː iə yə uə aɪ ɔʏ ɑʊ","# p t k f v s x m n ŋ r l tk ts tn tl kt ks kŋ kl kr ft fs fl st sk sl sn xt xs xl xn mp mt ms nt ns ŋk ŋl ŋr lp lt lk lf ls lx lm ln rp rt rk rf rx rm rn rl vn vl ps pm pl pr dn dl zn zl ɣŋ ɡl bm tsk rsk lsk psk lkt nst nrt trt vrt vnt plt zlt slt ŋlt mlt mpt rpt rft rxt rtn rdn xtn xdn ŋsn ŋln psn pln mln sln zln tln trn vln vrn nrn nrs prs trs tls vrs vls ŋls sls zls dls dns mls mps rls rps rxs rfs rks rns lks lns rtl rvl rɣl rsl psl ksl ŋsl mpl spl ŋkr lvr rɣr str rpm rbm lbm mpm rɣŋ rkŋ mkŋ lkŋ ŋkŋ skŋ lfrn lftn ltrn nsln strn strs rfst rftn rɣrt rspl rtls rtns xtrn",
"wuch1236","wuu","Wu Chinese",119.682,29.8621,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Qian 钱, Nairong 乃荣","1997","Shanghaihua yufa 上海方言詞典 [Grammar of Shanghai Dialect]","Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe 上海人民出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b m f v t tʰ d n l t͡s t͡sʰ s z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ɡ ŋ h ɦ ʔ o i u y a ɔ ɤ ɛ ø ã ɒ̃ ə ɪ","52 334 113 55 12","p pʰ b m f v t tʰ d n l t͡s t͡sʰ s z t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ɡ ŋ h ɦ ʔ","m n ə˞ z o i u y a ɔ ɤ ɛ ø ã ɒ̃ ə ia ua iɔ iɤ iɛ uɛ uø yø iã uã iɒ̃ uɒ̃ uə io iɪ yɪ","# n ŋ ʔ","The Shanghai variety."
"wudi1238","ywq","Wuding-Luquan Yi",102.48,25.48,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Pu 普, Zhongliang 忠良","2017","Nasu yiyu yufa yanjiu 纳苏彝语语法研究 [A study on Nasu Yi grammar]","Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe 云南民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ b ⁿb̤ m f v t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z ⁿd͡z̤ s z t tʰ d ⁿd̤ n l ɬ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ⁿɖ̤ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ̤ ⁿɖ͡ʐ̤ ɳ ʂ ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑ̤ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ɡ ⁿɡ̤ χ ɣ ɦ ʔ i e a ɔ o̞ o ə ə˞ ɯ u","55 33 21","# p pʰ b ⁿb̤ m f v t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z nd͡z̤ s z t tʰ d ⁿd̤ n l ɬ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ⁿɖ̤ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐ̤ ⁿɖ͡ʐ̤ ɳ ʂ ʐ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑ̤ ɲ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ɡ ⁿɡ̤ χ ɣ ɦ ʔ","i e a ɔ o̞ o ə ə˞ ɯ u z ʐ VV","#","The source analyzes prenasalized aspirated voiced initials as biconsonantal clusters. Here I analyze them as single consonants, as aspirated voiced consonants do not appear as singleton initials. While glide-vowel and vowel-glide sequences are both permitted, it is unclear which vowels can function as glides."
"wutu1241","wuh","Wutunhua",101.957,35.269,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Sandman, Erika","2016","A Grammar of Wutun",,"University of Helsinki",,,,,,,,"b p pʰ d t tʰ ɡ k kʰ d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ ɖ͡ʐ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɟ͡ʝ c͡ç c͡çʰ f z sʰ ʂʰ ʑ ɕ ɣ x m n ŋ l ɬ ɻ w j ɧ i u e ə o ɑ iː uː ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ õ ĩ ũ","-","# b p pʰ d t tʰ ɡ k kʰ d͡z t͡s t͡sʰ ɖ͡ʐ ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ d͡ʑ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɟ͡ʝ c͡ç c͡çʰ f z sʰ ʂʰ ʑ ɕ ɣ x m n ŋ l ɬ ɻ w j ɧ dw tw tʰw ɡw kw kʰw d͡zw t͡sw t͡sʰw ɖ͡ʐw ʈ͡ʂw ʈ͡ʂʰw d͡ʑw t͡ɕw t͡ɕʰw ɟ͡ʝw c͡çw c͡çʰw zw sʰw ʂʰw ʑw ɕw ɣw xw nw ŋw lw ɬw ɻw jw ɧw dj tj tʰj d͡zj t͡sj t͡sʰj zj sʰj nj lj ɬj","i u e ə o ɑ iː uː ɑ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ õ ĩ ũ","# x","An exhaustive list of onset clusters was not given. However, given the relatively small number of logically possible onset clusters, I interpret that all logically possible onset clusters are present. Although the source analyzes nasal vowels as realizations of a nasal coda, as it never surfaces as VN, I interpret nasal vowels as phonemes."
"xibe1242","sjo","Xibe",81.0034,43.5854,"Tungusic","BOOK","Jang 张, Taeho 泰鎬","2008","Xiboyu yufa yanjiu 锡伯语语法研究 [Sibe grammar]","Yunnan Minzu Chubanshe 云南民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"i y ɘ u ɛ œ o ɑ p t k q b d ɡ ɢ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ f s x v m n ŋ r l j","-","# p t k q b d ɡ ɢ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ f s x v m n r l","i y ɘ u ɛ œ o ɑ io iə iɑ iɛ uɑ ui","# f m t s n r l j k x ŋ q CC",
"yakk1236","ybh","Yakkha",87.9306,27.3714,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Schackow, Diana","2015","A grammar of Yakkha","Language Science Press",,,,,,,,,"i u e o a p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ s m n ŋ r l w j ʍ","-","# p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡sʰ s m n ŋ l w j ʍ pl pr pʰl pʰr kl kr kʰr sr nl pj pʰw pʰj tw t͡sw t͡sj t͡sʰw t͡sʰj kj kʰw kʰj sw sj nw nj Np Nt Nk Nʔ Npʰ Ntʰ Nkʰ Nt͡s Nt͡sʰ Ns Nm Nn Nŋ Nʍ","i u e o a ai ui oi","# p t k ʔ m n ŋ r","The diphthong /au/ was excluded as it only occurs in interjections."
"yamp1242","ybi","Yamphu",87.0441,27.6322,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Rutgers, Roland","1998","Yamphu: Grammar, Texts & Lexicon","Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Universiteit Leiden",,,,,,,,,"i iː e eː æ æː a aː o oː u uː k kʰ ɡ ɡ̤ ŋ t͡s t͡sʰ d͡z d͡z̤ t tʰ d d̤ n p pʰ b b̤ m j r l w s h ʔ","-","?","i iː e eː æ æː a aː o oː u uː ai au","?",
"yero1238","yrn","Yerong-Southern Buyang",105.754,23.342,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Mo 莫, Haiwen 海文","2016","Rongtun buyang yu cankao yufa 荣屯布央语参考语法 [Reference Grammar of Rongtun Buyang]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p pʰ bˀ m f v t tʰ dˀ n l ɬ t͡s t͡sʰ s θ ɲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ŋ h q qʰ j w ʔ a ɛ e i ɔ o u ə ɯ aː uː","24 31 33 53 213","p pʰ bˀ m f v t tʰ dˀ n l ɬ t͡s t͡sʰ s θ ɲ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ ʑ k kʰ ŋ h q qʰ j w pj pʰj bˀj tj dˀj kj kʰj ŋj qj kw kʰw ŋw hr ʔ","a ɛ e i ɔ o u ə ɯ aː uː ai aːi au aːu ei eu iu ɔi oi ou ui uːi","# m n ŋ p t k ʔ",
"yong1276","zyb","Yongbei Zhuang",108.15,23.1,"Tai-Kadai","BOOK","Wei 韦, Jingyun 景云 and He 何, Shuang 霜 and Luo 罗, Yongxian 永现","2011","Yanqi Zhuangyu cankao yufa 燕齊壯語參考語法 [Reference Grammar of Yanqi Zhuang]","Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe 中国社会科学出版社",,,,,,,,,"p bˀ m f w wˀ t dˀ n l s ɲ ɕ j jˀ k ŋ ɣ h ʔ a o ø e i u ɯ aː oː øː iː uː ɯː","24 42 55 31 35 33 35C/55C 33C/31C","p bˀ m f w wˀ t dˀ n l s ɲ ɕ j jˀ k ŋ ɣ h ʔ pl ml kj kw ŋw","a o ø e i u ɯ aː øː iː uː ɯː ai aːi aːu ou oːi eːu iu iːu ɯːi","# m n ŋ p t k",
"youl1235","jiu","Youle Jinuo",101.057,22.0473,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Gai 盖, XIngzhi 兴之","1986","Jinuoyu jianzhi 基诺语简志 [A concise grammar of Jinuo]","Minzu Chubanshe 民族出版社",,,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋ l f s ɬ ʃ ɕ x w v z ɹ ʒ j ɣ i e ɛ ø œ ɑ ə ɯ ɤ u o ɔ ĩ ẽ ɑ̃ ə˞","55 44 33 42 13 35 53","p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ m̥ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ m n ɲ ŋl f s ɬ ʃ ɕ x w v z ʒ j ɣ pj pʰj mj m̥j tj tʰj lj pɹ pʰɹ mɹ m̥ɹ kɹ kʰɹ","m n m̥m n̥n i e ɛ ø œ ɑ ə ɯ ɤ u o ɔ ĩ ẽ ɑ̃ ə˞ ɑi əu ɔu ui uɛ uɑ uɑ̃ uĩ","# ŋ",
"yuec1235","yue","Yue Chinese",113,23,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Bauer, Robert S. and Benedict, Paul K.","1997","Modern Cantonese Phonology","Mouton de Gruyter",,,"Winter, Werner",,,,,,"p t k kʷ pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ m n ŋ f s h t͡s t͡sʰ w l j iː uː yː e ɵ o ɛː ɐ ɔː œː aː","55 33 22 25 23 21","# p t k kʷ pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ m n ŋ f s h t͡s t͡sʰ w l j","m ŋ iː uː yː e ɵ o ɛː ɐ ɔː œː aː","# j w m n ŋ p t k",
"zaiw1241","atb","Zaiwa",98.3643,24.1726,"Sino-Tibetan","BOOK","Lustig, Anton","2010","A Grammar and Dictionary of Zaiwa","Brill",,,,,,,,,"ʔ p pʰ f m t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ʃ k kʰ x ŋ w ʐ j i e a o u","11 55 35 31","ʔ p pʰ f m t tʰ n l t͡s t͡sʰ s ʃ k kʰ x ŋ w ʐ j Cj","m n ŋ ʐ i e a o u ɘ","# m n ŋ p t k ʔ i u",
"zauz1238","zal","Zauzou",98.8634,26.4572,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Li, Yu","2020","A Grammar of Zauzou",,"State University of New York at Buffalo",,,,,,,,"p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ f v s z ɕ x ɣ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ l j ɥ w i y ɯ ʊ e o ə ɛ ɔ æ a ĩ ỹ ẽ æ̃ ɛ̃ ã ə̃ õ ḭ ḛ ɛ̰ æ̰ a̰ ə̰ ə̰̃ ḛ̃ ã̰ ɛ̰̃","55 33 35 13 53 31","p t k ʔ pʰ tʰ kʰ m n ɲ ŋ f v s z ɕ x ɣ t͡s t͡ɕ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ l j ɥ w","i y ɯ ʊ e o ə ɛ ɔ æ a ĩ ỹ ẽ æ̃ ɛ̃ ã ə̃ õ ḭ ḛ ɛ̰ æ̰ a̰ ə̰ ə̰̃ ḛ̃ ã̰ ɛ̰̃ ia iə iɛ iɔ io iã iɛ̃ iõ ʊa ʊɔ ʊe ʊɛ ʊã ʊẽ ʊɛ̃ ʊõ yɛ yɛ̃ yɯ yi","#","``The tonemic contrast between /13/ and /35 is not stable'' (p. 58). The glide in a CGV syllable is not phonemic."
"zbua1234",,"Zbu",101.7048,32.1506,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Gong, Xun","2018","Le rgyalrong zbu, une langue tibéto-birmane de Chine du Sud-ouest: Une étude descriptive, typologique et comparative [Rgyalrong zbu, a Tibeto-Burman language of southwestern China: A descriptive, typological and comparative study]",,"Université Sorbonne Paris",,,,,,,,"p t t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ c k q kʷ qʷ pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ kʰʷ qʰʷ b d ɟ ɡ ɡʷ ɢʷ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿd͡z ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ ⁿɢ ⁿɡʷ ⁿɢ m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ v l z ʑ r j ɣ ʁ w ʁʷ ɸ l̥ s ɕ ʂ ç x χ xʷ χʷ ɐ ə u i o e ɑ ɯ","H F","# p t t͡s t͡ɕ ʈ͡ʂ c k q kʷ qʷ pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ kʰʷ qʰʷ b d ɟ ɡ ɡʷ ɢʷ ⁿb ⁿd ⁿd͡z ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿɟ ⁿɡ ⁿɢ ⁿɡʷ ⁿɢ m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ v l z ʑ r j ɣ ʁ w ʁʷ ɸ l̥ s ɕ ʂ ç x χ xʷ χʷ pr ⁿbr pʰr ⁿdr dr t͡sr ⁿd͡zr sr zr ɟr kr ⁿɡr kʰr ɡr qr ⁿɢr qʰr pl ⁿbl tl sl zl cl kl ql qʰl pj ⁿbj pʰj tj ⁿdj tʰj t͡sj kj kʰj qʰj ⁿɢj pɣ ⁿbɣ pʰɣ tw ⁿdw tʰw dw ⁿd͡zw t͡sʰw sw zw ⁿd͡ʑw ɕw cw ⁿɟw dʁ zʁ cʁ sp zⁿb spj spr zⁿbr spʰ spʰj spʰɣ zv sm st zⁿd stj stʰ zd stʰj stʰw sn sc scʰ zɟ sɲ sk zⁿɡ skr zⁿɡr skj skʰ zɡ zɡr skʰj sŋ sq zⁿɢ sql sqʰ skw zⁿɡw zɡw sŋw sqʰw ɕp ɕpʰ ɕm ɕt ɕtʰ ɕl ɕʈ͡ʂ ɕk ʑɡ ɕkr ʑⁿɡr ɕkl ɕq ɕkw lp lⁿb lⁿbj lb lm lv lt ld ln lt͡s lt͡sʰ lt͡ɕ lⁿd͡ʑ lt͡ɕʰ ldʑ lɖ͡ʐ lcʰ lɟ lɟw lj lk lⁿɡ lŋ lq lʁ lχ lw lɡw rp rⁿb rⁿbj rpʰ rm rv rt rⁿd rtʰ rd rn rl rt͡s rⁿd͡z rt͡sʰ rt͡sʰw rs rz rt͡ɕ rⁿd͡ʑ rt͡ɕʰ rɕ rʑ rc rⁿɟ rcʰ rɟ rɲ rj rk rⁿɡ rkʰ rɡ rŋ rq rⁿɢ rqʰ rʁ rkʷ rɡʷ rw rŋʷ rqʰʷ vt vtʰ vd vl vt͡s vt͡sʰ vs vz vsr vzj vt͡ɕ vt͡ɕw vt͡ɕʰ vt͡ɕʰw fɕ vʑ vr vc vɟ vj vcʰ vk vkr vkʰ vkʰr vq vʁ xp ɣⁿb xpr ɣm ɣv xt ɣⁿd xtʰ ɣn xt͡s ɣⁿd͡z xt͡sʰ xs ɣz xt͡ɕ ɣⁿd͡ʑ xt͡ɕʰ xɕ ɣr xc ɣɟ ɣj χp χpj χpr ʁⁿbɣ χpʰj ʁm χt ʁⁿd ʁⁿdw χtʰ ʁd χtʰw ʁn ʁl χt͡s ʁⁿd͡z χt͡sʰ χs ʁz χsr ʁzr ʁzj χt͡ɕ χt͡ɕʰ χɕ ʁʑ χʂ ʁr χc χcʰ ʁɲ ʁj χk ʁɡ ʁɡr mt md mdj mtʰ mn mt͡s md͡z mt͡sʰ mt͡sʰr md͡ʑ mt͡ɕʰ mc mɟ mcr mɲ mk mɡ mɡr mkʰ mŋ mq mɢ mqʰl mɢl nk nⁿb nm ⁿŋɡ nŋ nⁿɢ nⁿw nⁿɢw mp mpʰ mpʰj mpʰr nt ntʰ nt͡s nt͡sʰ nt͡sʰw nt͡ɕ nt͡ɕʰ ɲc ɲcʰ ɲcʰw ŋk ɴq vst vzd vstʰ vsn vsc vscʰ vzɟ vrɟ vld ɣld ɣlɟ ʁlɟ lɴqʰ","ɐ ə u i o e ɑ ɯ","# v m t n z l j ɣ ʁ ŋ","The /Cŋ/ biconsonantal coda is unstable (p. 67). The velarized vowels /uˠ iˠ oˠ eˠ/ are not included, as their acoustic difference is minimal (p. 44) and /uˠ/ is not present in PanPhon."
"zeme1240","nzm","Zeme Naga",93.6463,25.3499,"Sino-Tibetan","PHDTHESIS","Chanu, Sapam Sangita","2017","A descriptive grammar of Zeme",,"Assam University",,,,,,,,"i e ə a o u p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ c͡ç s z h m n ŋ l r","R F","# p b t d k ɡ pʰ tʰ kʰ c͡ç s z h m n ŋ l r","i e ə a o u ai ao oi əu ui əi","# m n ŋ p t k",