Pristis pristis pristis (Linnaeus 1758

PRISTIS PRISTIS (LINNAEUS, 1758)

FMNH 8182, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8183, unsexed (895 mm TL), 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8184, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8186, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8187, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8188, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8190, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8191, 3/8–9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8193, unsexed (978 mm TL), 3/18–19/1911, Culebra River, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8192, female (940 mm TL), 3/8–9/ 1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8194, female, 3/18–19/1911, Culebra River, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8185, 3/8– 9/1912, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 8189, Darién, Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); AMNH 44011 (first of four), female (951 mm TL), 1924, Chucunaque River, Panama (E. Pacific); AMNH 44011 (second of four), female (849 mm TL), 1924, Chucunaque River, Panama (E. Pacific); AMNH 44011 (third of four), male (860 mm TL), 1924, Chucunaque River, Panama (E. Pacific); AMNH 44011 (fourth of four), female (877 mm TL), 1924, Chucunaque River, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1864.1.26.288, female (867 mm TL), Guatemala (E. Pacific); BMNH 1864.1.26. 287, female (906 mm TL), Guatemala (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (first of 11), female (403 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (second of 11), female (397 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (third of 11), female (396 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (fourth of 11), female (381 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (fifth of 11), male, Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (sixth of 11), male (380 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (seventh of 11), unsexed (385 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (eighth of 11), male (406 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (ninth of 11), male (390 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (tenth of 11), male (402 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); BMNH 1924.8.29.1–10 (11 th of 11), unsexed (390 mm TL), Gulf of Panama, Saboga, Panama (E. Pacific); UF 210978, isolated rostrum, 9/1961, off the city of Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas State, Ecuador; USNM 00222034, female (870 mm TL), 3/3/ 1967, Balsas River (above Tucuti), Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081072, female (944 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00079308, male (845 mm TL), Chorrera River, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00086070, male (1139 mm TL), Balboa, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081067, female (926 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081069, male (780 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081068, female (866 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081071, male (894 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081073, female (1000 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081070, female (950 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00086069, male (821 mm TL), El Capitan, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081074, female (950 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00081066, male (810 mm TL), Tuyra River, Marrigante, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00021789, isolated rostrum, Peru or Ecuador; USNM 00111427, isolated rostrum, 5/28–29/1947, Tilapa River estuary, just east of Ocos (~ 2 miles from the mouth), Guatemala; USNM 00232697, isolated rostrum, Guayaquil, Ecuador; USNM 00232698, isolated rostrum, Gulf of California? (Baja, Mexico)? (stated as ‘ California’ ‘USA’); USNM 00232965, isolated rostrum, Panama Bay, Panama (E. Pacific); USNM 00111390, isolated rostrum, 12/24/1912, Darién, Boca de Cupe, Panama (E. Pacific); FMNH 83732, isolated rostrum, Gulf of Mexico; FMNH 83732, isolated rostrum, Gulf of Mexico; MCZ −668, female (784 mm TL), 1873, Amazon River estuary, Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil; MCZ −302 (first of two) male (985 mm TL), 1865, Belém and environs, Pará State, Brazil; MCZ −302 (second of two), male (874 mm TL), 1865, Belém and environs, Pará State, Brazil; MCZ −667, dry female (2131 mm TL), 1865, Doce River, Espírito Santo State, Brazil; AMNH 55624, male (181 mm TL), 7/1969, Lake Nicaragua, San Carlos, Nicaragua; AMNH 11, isolated rostrum, ‘probably 1910’, ‘probably southern Florida’, USA; AMNH 49528, isolated rostrum, 1929, Brazil; ANSP 17388, isolated rostrum, before 1878, Gulf of Mexico; ANSP 17390, isolated rostrum, before 1878, Suriname; MNHN 2003-2612, isolated rostrum, 1958, Pointe-Noire, Congo; MNHN 2003-2611, isolated rostrum, 1958, Pointe-Noire, Congo; MNHN 2003- 2613, isolated rostrum, 1958, Pointe-Noire, Congo; MNHN 1902-255, dry female (5100 mm TL), 1902, Sassandra, Ivory Coast; RMNH D3075, isolated rostrum (of a 5000 mm TL specimen), 12/18/1881, Sugary River, Grand Cape Mount, Liberia; RMNH D3078, isolated rostrum, before 1927, Liberia; RMNH D3079, isolated rostrum, before 1962, Suriname; RMNH D2674, dry juvenile, Suriname; MRAC 74723, isolated rostrum, 1951, Luanda, Angola; MRAC 66639, isolated rostrum, 1951, Congo Basin; MRAC 68038, isolated rostrum, 1951, Banana, DR Congo; MRAC 68039, isolated rostrum, 1951, Banana, DR Congo; MRAC A4-45-P-12, isolated rostrum, 11/20/ 1959 Banana, DR Congo; MRAC A4-45-P-2, isolated rostrum, Banana, DR Congo; MRAC A4-45-P-18, isolated rostrum, 1951, unknown locality (probably W. Africa); ZMB 16109, isolated rostrum, Luanda, Angola; ZMB 32533, isolated rostrum, Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil; BMNH 1923.11.13.1, juvenile female (412 mm TL), Caribbean Sea (W. Indies); BMNH 1982.9.13.4, isolated rostrum, ‘ Mediterranean’ (locality information written on the rostrum); BMNH 1843.2.1.8, dry female (200 mm TL), Carib- bean Sea (W. Indies); BMNH 2004.11.27.51, isolated rostrum, Sulima, Sierra Leone; USNM 146543 (first of two), female (777 mm TL), 4/27/1947, Lake Izabal, Guatemala; USNM 146543 (second of two), isolated rostrum and wet torso of a female, 4/27/1947, Lake Izabal, Guatemala; USNM 00110174, isolated rostrum, 8/1878, Amazon River, Óbidos, Pará, Brazil; USNM 00111169, isolated rostrum, c. 1830, Marowijne (Maroni) River, French Guiana; USNM 00111367, isolated rostrum, 10/1943, Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua; USNM 00111369, isolated rostrum, 10/1943, Lake Nicaragua, Los Cocos, Nicaragua; USNM 00111423 (first of two), isolated rostrum, 4/10/1946, Lake Izabal (Dulce River, Caribbean), San Felipe, Guatemala; USNM 00111423 (second of two), isolated rostrum, 4/10/1946, Lake Izabal (Dulce River, Caribbean), San Felipe, Guatemala; USNM 00111443, isolated rostrum, 1947, Lake Izabal (Dulce River, Caribbean), San Felipe, Guatemala; USNM 00232688, isolated rostrum, c. 1903, Maracaibo?, Venezuela; USNM 00232689, isolated rostrum, c. 1903, Maracaibo?, Venezuela; USNM 00232690, isolated rostrum, c. 1903, Maracaibo?, Venezuela; uncat. INPA, isolated rostrum, 2002 or earlier, (Ver-O-Peso market, Belém, Pará) Brazil; uncat. INPA, isolated rostrum, 2002 or earlier (Ver-O-Peso market, Belém, Pará) Brazil; uncat. INPA, female (1595 mm TL), Amazon River, near Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil; MCZ -1259, isolated rostrum, 1906, Cenderawasih Bay, Japen (Yapen) Island, New Guinea, Indonesia; AMNH 49527, isolated rostrum, 1921, Gulf of Thailand, Thailand; MNHN 1938-16, isolated rostrum, Singapore; MNHN A-3527, male (833 mm TL), Mekong River estuary, Vietnam; MNHN A-9699, dry female (2850 mm TL), Senegal; RMNH 7417, female (842 mm TL), before 1879 (auction date), ‘probably Batavia’ (= Jakarta), Indonesia; RMNH 7419, male (928 mm TL), before 1879 (auction date), ‘Banjarmasin?’ (Borneo), Indonesia; RMNH 28608, female (2710 mm TL), Lake Sentani, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH 28609, female (3032 mm TL), Lake Sentani, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3051, isolated rostrum, 12/12/ 1953, Lake Sentani, Joka, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3103, isolated rostrum, 1960, Coast of Bagamoyo, Tanzania; RMNH D3080, isolated rostrum, 7/5/1864, Ambato, NW Coast of Madagascar; RMNH 4235, female (930 mm TL), 1846, Borneo; RMNH D3057, isolated rostrum, 1954–1955, Digul River, Merah, near Tanah Merah Bay, southern New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3058, isolated rostrum, Digul River, Merah, near Tanah Merah Bay, southern New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3055, isolated rostrum, 1954, Lake Jamur, New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3052, isolated rostrum, 1935 or earlier, Lake Sentani, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3054, isolated rostrum, 8/1957, River Moif, Genyem, New Beran, northern New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D3056, isolated rostrum, 1954–1955, Digul River, near Tanah Merah Bay, southern New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D2026, isolated rostrum, 2/1954, Lake Sentani, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; RMNH D2654, dry, unsexed, Borneo; ZMB 4527, male (978 mm TL), Zambezi River, Sena, Mozambique; ZMB 8304, male (980 mm TL), Laguna de Bay (freshwater environment), Luzon Island, Philippines; ZMB 8305, female (1152 mm TL), Laguna de Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines; ZMB 33545, female (762 mm TL), 1913, New Guinea; ZMB 33547, male (840 mm TL), Japan; ZMB 14507, isolated rostrum plus other anatomical pieces, Ramu River, northern Papua New Guinea; ZMB 14882, isolated rostrum, Zanzibar, Tanzania; ZMB 33551, isolated rostrum, Indian Ocean (‘ East Africa or India or Sri Lanka’); ZMB 33552, isolated rostrum, Indian Ocean (‘ East Africa or India or Sri Lanka’); ZMB 33553, isolated rostrum, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea; ZMB 32538, isolated rostrum, 11/26/1909, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea; ZMB 8695, dry male (1027 mm TL), Laguna de Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines; ZMB 8696, dry female (998 mm TL), Laguna de Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines; ZMB 7851, dry male (1235 mm TL), Zambezi River; BMNH 1867.11.28.185, male (880 mm TL), 1867, Indonesia; BMNH 1872.10.18.142, male (1030 mm TL), Laguna de Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines; BMNH 1937.2.17.1, isolated rostrum, Lake Sentani, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; BMNH 1982.9. 13.3, isolated rostrum, Arabian Sea, ‘Vakyan Vakr’ near Sonmiani, Pakistan; BMNH 1982.9.13.7, isolated rostrum, 1854, Zambezi River, Terre, Zambia; BMNH 1864.6.28.21, isolated rostrum, Zambezi River, (‘ Zambezi Expedition’), Mozambique; BMNH 1845.7.3.174, dry female (1170 mm TL), India; BMNH 1872.10.18.141, dry female (1180 mm TL), rivers near Laguna de Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines; UF 147760, female (955 mm TL), 2000, Australia; USNM 00217001, female (809 mm TL), 11/27/1975, Lake Herbert Hoover and Warm River (Fly River basin), Papua New Guinea; USNM 00217002, juvenile male (881 mm TL), 12/7/1975, Strickland River, 4 km downstream of Massey Bakers Junction, Papua New Guinea.

Additional material

Isolated rostra from private collections: 1991, Lake Nicaragua, off Isla Nancita, near Granada, Nicaragua (N = 1); 4/1/1998, Lake Nicaragua, 2 km off Isla Zanate, Nicaragua (N = 1); 7/1998 or earlier, Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua (N = 1); 7/1998 or earlier, Lake Nicaragua, off Granada, Nicaragua (N = 2); 1960, Caribbean Sea, Tortuguero, Costa Rica (N = 1); 7/1999–11/2000, northern Brazil (bought at Ver-O- Peso market, Belém, Pará State) (N = 88); after 11/2000, northern Brazil (bought at Ver-O-Peso market, Belém, Pará State) (N = 13); Amazon River, northern Brazil (N = 1); Amazon River, Santarém, Pará, Brazil (N = 4); Amazon River estuary, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil (N = 2); Gulf of Thailand, Cambodia (N = 1); 9/1999 or earlier, Indonesia (freshwater environment) (N = 1); 3/1998 or earlier, Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea (N = 1); early 1998, Indonesia (N = 1); 12/1999, Sepik River, Papua New Guinea (N = 3).

Images of rostra from public collections: CAS-SU 12670 (holotype of P. zephyreus), X-ray of head and skin (1200 mm TL), 12/24/1894 – 1/25/1895, Presidio River, Sinaloa, Mexico (E. Pacific); LACM 42018.001, photograph of isolated rostrum, Mazatlán, Mexico (E. Pacific); LACM 42019.001, photograph of isolated rostrum, Baja California, Mexico (E. Pacific); IFAN R977, photograph of isolated rostrum, Joal, Senegal (N = 1).

Photographs of isolated rostra from private collections: 1995, Panama Bay, Panama (E. Pacific) (N = 1); unknown locality (probably W. Atlantic) (N = 1); c. 1960, Gulf of Mexico, Tampa, Florida, USA (N = 1); late 1960, Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua (N = 1); off northern coast of west Australia (N = 1); mid-1960 or earlier, Milingimbi Island, NE Arnhem Land, Australia (N = 1).

Photograph of complete specimen from private collection: Female, Espírito Santo State, Brazil (N = 1).

Number of rostral teeth per side data from specimens deposited in public collections: SIO 49-110, isolated rostrum, Nicaragua (E. Pacific); SU 11892, male (888 mm TL), 1/10/1896 – 2/24/1896, Panama (E. Pacific); SU 34467, isolated rostrum, 1940 or earlier, Presidio River, at its mouth (Mazatlán), Sinaloa State, Mexico (E. Pacific); SU 34468, isolated rostrum, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; uncat. CAS, isolated rostrum, Lake Sentani, Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia; SAM 22785(?), isolated rostrum (specimen was originally 4064 mm TL), Wilderness, South Africa; SU 26822, skeleton of a male (305 mm TL), 5/1/1931 – 5/31/1931, Luzon Island, Philippines; SU 26822, female, Luzon Island, Philippines.

Number of rostral teeth per side and/or morphometric data from published articles: Uncat., isolated rostrum, c. 1965, Soro, Republic of Guinea (Robillard & Séret, 2006); uncat. Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura – CNSHB, isolated rostrum, Bongolon, Republic of Guinea (Robillard & Séret, 2006); uncat. IUCN-Bubaque, isolated rostrum, Bijagós, Guinea-Bissau (Robillard & Séret, 2006); uncat., isolated rostrum, 2004, Bolama, Guinea-Bissau (Robillard & Séret, 2006); uncat., isolated rostrum, 2003, Bolama, Guinea-Bissau (Robillard & Séret, 2006); uncat., isolated rostrum, 1983, Guinea-Bissau (Robillard & Séret, 2006); MTUF 30202, male (789 mm TL), Betsiboka River Basin, Madagascar (Taniuchi et al., 2003); uncat., female (792 mm TL), Betsiboka River Basin, Madagascar (Taniuchi et al., 2003); uncat., male (793 mm TL), Betsiboka River Basin, Madagascar (Taniuchi et al., 2003); uncat., male (1450 mm TL), Betsiboka River Basin, Madagascar (Taniuchi et al., 2003).