Markers of apoptosis and oxidative stress in congestive heart failure

Background: The aim of this work is to study the markers of apoptosis (granzyme B) and oxidative stress (nitric oxide), as well as indicators of endothelial damage - cystatin C and lipid metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure, and to identify the relationship between these parameters.

Material and methods: The study included 114 patients (men and women) with congestive heart failure (CHF), out of which 41 patients with CHF, 39 patients with CHF and diabetes mellitus type 2, and 34 patients with CHF with metabolic syndrome. Biochemical parameters were measured with the help of reagent sets produced by “Human” company (Germany), the contents of granzyme B and cystatin C – with the help of commercial sets produced by “USCN Life Science Inc” company (China), while nitric oxide concentration was determined using a commercial kit by “R&D System” 

Results: Analysis of indicators of apoptosis factors and oxidative stress in studied patients revealed a substantial increase in patients with heart failure in the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2, compared to two other groups of patients. The concentration of cystatin 3 in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 increased significantly with *р <0,05.

Conclusions: The studied parameters allow us to suggest that complications in CHF are due to the intensity of oxidative stress, apoptosis and atherogenesis, and are interconnected with biochemical changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.