,,basic info,,,,greographical info,,,,,general characteristic of the study,,,,,,,GHG measurements,,,,,,,,Other variables/parameters,,,Main conclusions,,,
ID,Authors,Article Title,Publication Year,Source Title,Author Keywords,Country,latitude,longitude,altitude,Climatic variables (mean annual prec; mean annual temp…),"Study type (Field, lab, both, review, conceptual)",Phases,Scale,Catchment area,Intermittence severity,"Intermittence cause
(natural, dams, water abstraction...)","Time covered by the study
# Campaigns",Field GHGs,Flux rate (with units),Field GHG in sediments/water/both?,Type of field GHG measure (punctuated vs continous),Lab GHGs,Flux rate (with units),Lab GHG in sediments/water/both?,Type of lab GHG measure (punctuated vs continous),Functional variables addresed?,Structural variables addresed?,Abiotic variables,Main GHG results,GHG drivers,Other results regarding IR,Notes
IR_GHG_1,"Gomez-Gener, L
Obrador, B
Marce, R
Acuna, V
Catalan, N
Casas-Ruiz, JP
Sabater, S
Munoz, I
von Schiller, D",When Water Vanishes: Magnitude and Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Dry Temporary Streams,2016,ECOSYSTEMS,"greenhouse gas emissions
fluxes
streams
intermittent
fluvial network
drought
dry streambeds",Spain,"421,233,333","2,447,222,222",,"Mean annual precipitation:  660 mm
Air temp: 6-26ºC",Field,"Dry
Flowing
","Reach
(10 temporary
tributaries)",990 km2,Intermittent (summer drought period),Mediterranean climate,"2 campaigns
August 2014 (dry)
March 2015 (flow)",CO2,"dry: 781.4 ± 390.2 mmol m-2 day-1

flow: 305.6 ± 206.1 mmol m-2 day-1

Upland soils: 896.1 ± 263.2 mmol m-2 day-1",Sediment,Punctuated (enclosed dynamic chamber method),NA,NA,NA,NA,Yes,No,"Sediment temp
Sediment pH
Sediment moisture and OM content
Sediment textural fractions
Sediment mean particle size
Sedimen OC% and N%
Sediment available TOC and TON
Aromaticity of DOM
FI: estimate of origin of DOM (terrestrial, microbial)
Humification index (HIX)
Biological index (BIX)

","CO2 fluxes from dry streamsbeds doubled CO2 fluxes from flowing streambeds
variables regulating their CO2 efflux differed from dry streambeds and upland soils","Dry CO2 flux related to: sed temp, mean particle size, DOC, TDN and TN
Upland soils: sed pH, mean particle size, sand, silt and clay fractions, FI and HIX",Sediment characteristics differed from dry streambeds to upland soils,"Fluvia River. 

they also sampled upland soils (out of the riparian) and compare with dry streambeds

For CO2 fluxes from sediments in flow conditions they measured CO2 from water and stimate CO2 from seds with diffusion equations
"
IR_GHG_3,"Vidal-Abarca, MR
Gomez, R
Sanchez-Montoya, MM
Arce, MI
Nicolas, N
Suarez, ML",Defining Dry Rivers as the Most Extreme Type of Non-Perennial Fluvial Ecosystems,2020,SUSTAINABILITY,"dry rivers
geophysical and hydrological features
Biota
biogeochemical processes
ecosystem services
threats and management",NA,,,,,Review,NA,NA,,,,,NA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"General description of what are intermitent and ephemeral rivers

Not the kind of paper from which you can extract these data

Cite von Schiller et al 2019 and Keller et al 2020"
IR_GHG_4,"von Schiller, D
Marce, R
Obrador, B
Gomez-Gener, L
Casas-Ruiz, JP
Acuna, V
Koschorreck, M",Carbon dioxide emissions from dry watercourses,2014,INLAND WATERS,"carbon dioxide
carbon emissions
CO2
dry streams
ephemeral streams
intermittent streams
temporary streams",Spain,"upstream: 42.1233333
downstream:
42.1866667 ","2.447222222
2.761666666","470
114","Mean annual precipitation:  660 mm
Air temp: 6-26ºC",Field,"Dry
flowing
isolated",Reach (~40 km section of a river),990 km2,Intermittent (summer drought period),"Natural + dams 
(climate
wiers and dams)","1 month (summer drought perid, sept 2013)",CO2,"Dry sed: median 212 mmol m−2 d−1; range 36–455 mmol m−2 d−1 
Flowing: median 79 mmol m−2 d−1; range 41–96 mmol m−2 d−1
stagnant waters: median 24 mmol m−2 d−1; range
22–41 mmol m−2 d−1",both,Continuous (Gasmet),NA,NA,NA,NA,No,No,NA,CO2 fluxes higher in dry sediments than running or stagnant water,NA,NA,"Also compared to literature values for Mediteranean soils
Climatic variables taken from IR_GHG_1 (same river)--Fluvia River"
IR_GHG_7,"Datry, T
Larned, ST
Tockner, K",Intermittent Rivers: A Challenge for Freshwater Ecology,2014,BIOSCIENCE,"flow cessation
habitat mosaics
fragmentationbiodiversity biogeochemistry",NA,,,,,Review,NA,NA,,,,,NA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Not much about GHGs
Not the kind of paper from which you can extract these kind of data"
IR_GHG_8,"Bonada, N
Canedo-Arguelles, M
Gallart, F
von Schiller, D
Fortuno, P
Latron, JM
Llorens, P
Murria, C
Soria, M
Vinyoles, D
Cid, N",Conservation and Management of Isolated Pools in Temporary Rivers,2020,WATER,"intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams
hydrology
biogeochemistry
biodiversity",NA,,,,,Review,Isolated,NA,,,,,NA,,,,,,,,,,,"Denitrification is enhanced

Low oxygen concentration at tater isolation stages may enhance CH4 production

Limited gas exchange cause low emission fluxes",,"lotic species may use pools as refuges

Physicochemical conditions can become very harsh in some pools","Review about isolated pools (IPs) in temporary rivers
No empirical data
"
IR_GHG_13,"Looman, A
Maher, DT
Pendall, E
Bass, A
Santos, IR",The carbon dioxide evasion cycle of an intermittent first-order stream: contrasting water-air and soil-air exchange,2017,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY,"Ephemeral
Greenhouse gas
Methane
Headwater stream
Air-water flux",Australia,33º42' S,15º 22' E,867,"mean annual temp: 12.4 ± 4.4  C

mean annual precipitation 1405 ± 35 mm

162 days influenced by rainfall annually",Field,"Dry
flowing
isolated",Reach (100m reach),NA,Intermittent,Natural,three consecutive wet and dry cycles spanning 56 days,CO2,"Water air: mean 45 mmol CO2-C m-2 d-1
1.9 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1
Dry sediment: mean 61 mmol CO2-C mm-2 d-1
0.1 mmol CH3 m-2 d-1

(CH4 are estimates, from abstract, no figures, so  maybe don't use)",Sediments and water,"Streamwater pCO2 and pCH4: syringe headspace method (1-7 times per day)

Water-air and Soil-air CO2 fluxes: continous, chambers+ IRGA

CH4 fluxes calculated form equations",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"water pH
water conductivity
water DO
Ambient temperature
wind speed
rainfall rate
barometric pressure
stream depth and width to record changes in dry vs. wet
stimation of water v and discharge","

CH4–C fluxes increased 19-fold over the duration of the initial, longer wet-cycle
","Temporal shifts in water depth
and site-specific ephemerality

Rainfall increased background water–air CO2–C fluxes by up to 780%",,"CH4 derived from CO2 using equations (not reported clearly so excluded CH4)--could examine drivers though. Jamison Creek catchment, intermittent firstorder stream"
IR_GHG_21,"Larned, ST
Datry, T
Arscott, DB
Tockner, K",Emerging concepts in temporary-river ecology,2010,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,"Aquatic-terrestrial habitat mosaics
connectivity
flow intermittence
meta-systems
temporary rivers",NA,,,,,"Review
Conceptual models","Dry
flowing",NA,,,,,NA,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Discusses rewetting
Summary (table) of classes of temporary rivers with example papers"
IR_GHG_36,"Addy, K
Gold, AJ
Welsh, MK
August, PV
Stolt, MH
Arango, CP
Groffman, PM",Connectivity and Nitrate Uptake Potential of Intermittent Streams in the Northeast USA,2019,FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION,"nitrate
headwater stream
intermittent stream
wetland
connectivity
transient storage","Rhode Island, USA",,,,,Lab-metabolism,"Flowing
Dry
(GHG only flow and pools)","Network
(12 intermittent streams
30-m study reaches)",Intermittent stream watershed area from 5 to 107 ha,median of 88 days,Natural,3 years,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"microb resp (mgC kg−1 d−1)
pools (99), debris(1378), riffles: 80

Denitrification potential (μg N kg−1 h−1): pools (1299), riffles(1007), debris(108)

Potential net miner (mg N kg−1 h−1): pools (0.93), riffles(0.40), debris(-1.22)

Potential nitritification (mg N kg−1 h−1): pools (1.21), riffles(0.72), debris(0.17)","stream substrates (pool or riffle sediments, leaves with decomposing OM) ","punctual (2 measures, at 30 and 90 mins of incubation)","Denitrification potential, potential net mineralization, potential net nitrification, microbial respiration",NA,"Water level
Discharge
Water temperature at 2 depths
water DOC
stream sinuosity
stream bed particle size
hydraulic transport parameters","Denitrification potential, net mineralization and nitrification was higher in pools and riffles than debris dams 
Microbial respiration was higher in debris dams",,"intermittent stream channels and their riparian areas have wetland characteristics
Higher NO3-N uptake with lower discharge, velocity or water depth

Whole-stream gross nitrate-N uptake rates were inversely related to discharge and positively with temperature",GHG measures only in lab incubations from stream material
IR_GHG_39,"Gomez-Gener, L
Obrador, B
von Schiller, D
Marce, R
Casas-Ruiz, JP
Proia, L
Acuna, V
Catalan, N
Munoz, I
Koschorreck, M",Hot spots for carbon emissions from Mediterranean fluvial networks during summer drought,2015,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY,"Greenhouse gas fluxes
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Fluvial network
Temporary rivers
Summer drought",Spain,2º 40' E,42º 15' N,,"monthly air temperature 6-26 ºC
mean annual
precipitation: 660 mm",Field,"flow
impounded waters
isolated pools
dry beds","2 networks
Fluvia` and Muga rivers (19 sites)",990 and 853 km2,,"Natural + Dam
(Mediterranean climate plus manmade river
interruptions (i.e., reservoirs, small impoundments
and weirs), 61 in one catchment and 18 in the other)",from 26 August to 6 September 2013,"CO2
CH4","CO2 (mmolCO2m-2 d-1)
dry beds 209 ± 10 
running waters 20 ± 33
impounded water 36.6 ± 8.5
isoltaed pools 17.2 ± 0.9  

CH4 (mmol CH4 m-2 d-1)
impounded waters 13.9 ± 10.1
other habitats <0.3","water when water was present
sediment when dry riverbed","Continuous (chamber method with FTIR, every 30sec, 10min)","CO2 (microbial respiration rate (ug CO2
-1 h-1)",0 - 0.20 ug CO2 g-1 h-1,sediments,colorimetric method to measure CO2 before and after 6h incubation,Respiration,,"width, depth and discharge (m3 s-1)

area, volume, and mean and max depths of impounded waters

 inundated sediments: water content (%), dry bulk density (g cm-3), porosity, OM content (mg cm-3)

dry bed sediments: water content, temperature, OM content","CO2 effluxes higher in dry seds than running/impounded water or pools

CH4 higher in impounded waters","Diffusion was the only mechanism driving CO2 efflux

CH4 efflux in impounded waters was
primarily ebullition-based

In dry beds, respiration showed a positive relationship with water and OM content 

CO2 efflux was inversely related to the dry bed water content",,The flow is highly regulated
IR_GHG_51,"Leigh, C
Boulton, AJ
Courtwright, JL
Fritz, K
May, CL
Walker, RH
Datry, T",Ecological research and management of intermittent rivers: an historical review and future directions,2016,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,"biogeochemistry
ephemeral stream
fish
invertebrate
temporary river",NA,,,,,Review,"Dry
flowing
isolated",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Early research into biogeochem in IRES started in Sycamore Creek in Arizona. This research let to telescoping ecosystem model, where stream corridor extends and retracts in response to disturbance regimes. Also recognizing terrestrial-aquatic linkages. More recently, sediments as biogeiochemical hotspots and hot moments. View IRES as punctuated biogeochemical reactors, with nutrient and OM processing in response to temporal fluctuations in drying and rewetting. ",NA,NA,"History of IRES research, with sections about invertebrates and fish, biogeochemistry, as well as hydrological and ecological assessment. "
IR_GHG_63,"von Schiller, D
Datry, T
Corti, R
Foulquier, A
Tockner, K
Marce, R
Garcia-Baquero, G
Odriozola, I
et al",Sediment Respiration Pulses in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams,2019,GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES,"river
stream
intermittent
temporary
respiration
CO2",Global (29 countries),,,,Mean mean annual temperature was 13.8°C. Mean mean annual precipitation was 758 mm.,Lab,Dry and rewetting,Global (200 dry IRES reaches),Various,Unknown (likely various),Unknown (likely various),2 years (1 day/campaign per reach),NA,NA,NA,NA,CO2,"Sediment respiration in dry conditions ranged form 0.01 to 14.1nmol CO2 g01 dry mass hr-1. 
Sediment respiration upon rewetting ranged form 0.01 to 147 nmol CO2 g-1 dry mass hr 01 (or up to 411 for the bottle incubation method)",Sediment,Punctuated,Sediment respiration,Riparian plant cover,"Active channel width, sediment organic carbon content, C:N, sediment texture","Sediment respiration in IRES increases substantially upon rewetting. Respiration pulses are driven by sediment properties, which in turn are influenced by climate and catchment characteristics.","The results supported their metamodel. Namely the effects of land use and precipitation on ripaian cover, also temperature and ripairan cover on organic carbon. Clay content on C/N ratio, OC, and respitation. OC on respiration and C/N ratio. and C/N ratio on respiration",NA,Sediment respiration assays
IR_GHG_71,"Busch, DE
Fisher, SG",Metabolism of a desert stream,1981,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,,"Arizona, USA",33° 45' N,111° 30' W,640 m,"Annutal precipitation ranges from 39 cm yr-1 to 510m to 51 cm yr-1 at 1040 m, and peaks bimodally in the winter and summer. ",Field-metabolism,Uncertain,Reach,505 km2,"Stream frequently intermittent, especially in summer. Study reach, has surface flow during most of the year. ",Natural ,1 day,NA,NA,Both,Sediment and water,Punctuated (60 minute O2 incubations over the course of a day),NA,NA,NA,"Photosynthesis, respiration, GPP",Chlorophyll a and biomass of benthos,"Photosynthetically active ratiation, DO, temperature",NA,NA,Conclude that the stream is likely naturally autotrophic,Likely under running water or isolated pool conditions. Coordinates from paper
IR_GHG_74,"Tzoraki, O
Nikolaidis, NP
Trancoso, AR
Braunschweig, F
Neves, R",A reach-scale biogeochemical model for temporary rivers,2009,HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES,"biogeochemical processes
processes modeling
sediment transport
temporary river
flash floods",Greece,,,1092 m,,Model,"Flowing, standing",Reach,149 km2,Dries out occasionally in the summer (moderate intermittent),Combination of droughts and water abstraction for irrigation,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Stream water temperature, DO, pH, condictivity, turbidity, NH4, NO3, phosphate, solar radiation, cloud cover, wind speed, precipitation , air temperature, relative humidity, sediment deposition",Created a reach-scale temporary flow biogeochemical (conceptual) model to describe biogeochemical processes--but don't discuss the results,NA,Model also describes hydrologic and sediment processes.,"Model, tested on a temporary river reach (Krathis River) in Greece. "
IR_GHG_77,"Arce, MI
Mendoza-Lera, C
Almagro, M
Catalan, N
Romani, AM
Marti, E
Gomez, R
Bernal, S
Foulquier, A
Mutz, M
Marce, R
Zoppini, A
Gionchetta, G
Weigelhofer, G
del Campo, R
Robinson, CT
Gilmer, A
Rulik, M
Obrador, B
Shumilova, O
Zlatanovic, S
Arnon, S
Baldrian, P
Singer, G
Datry, T
Skoulikidis, N
Tietjen, B
von Schiller, D",A conceptual framework for understanding the biogeochemistry of dry riverbeds through the lens of soil science,2019,EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS,"Cross-ecosystem research
Drought
Sediments
Aquatic-terrestrial interfaces
Temporary
Non-perennial",NA,,,,,Review,"Dry
flowing
isolated",Network,,,,,CO2,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Conceptual framework suggesting that time since last transport event, modulated by developmental status of the stabilizing structures, moves dry river bed habitats towards similarities with soils. Both ecosystems may share key drivers and controlling factors of biogeochemical processes and rates. ",
IR_GHG_78,"Datry, T
Foulquier, A
Corti, R
von Schiller, D
Tockner, K
Mendoza-Lera, C
Clement, JC
Gessner, MO
et al",A global analysis of terrestrial plant litter dynamics in non-perennial waterways,2018,NATURE GEOSCIENCE,,Global (22 countries),,,,Mean 914 mm. Min:100 mm. Max: 6500 mm. ,Field and lab,Rewetting,Global (212 stream reaches),"Mean: 908 km2
Min: 0
Max: 26,300 km2","Mean: 74% of river intermittent
Min: 0%
Max: 100%",Unknown (likely various),One campaign per reach,NA,NA,NA,NA,CO2 (estimated from O2),Estimates of CO2 emissions from IRES upon leaf litter rewetting ranged from 0 to 13.7 g CO2 m-2 day -1,Leaf litter,Punctuated,"Litter decomposability, respiration",Riparian cover,"Rainfall, aridity index, potential evapotranspiration, catchment land-use, stream width, sediment texture",A single pulse of CO2 emission upon litter rewetting contributes up to 10% of daily CO2 ,"Time since senescence, aridity, and drying duration were the most important predictors in the model explaining variation in potential CO2 emissions. ","Aridity, cover of ripairan vegetation, channel width, and dry-phase duration explained most varibility in the quatity and decomposability of plant litter in IRES. ",Estimated CO2 emissions
IR_GHG_81,"Colls, M
Timoner, X
Font, C
Sabater, S
Acuna, V","Effects of Duration, Frequency, and Severity of the Non-flow Period on Stream Biofilm Metabolism",2019,ECOSYSTEMS,"temporary streams
duration
frequency
metabolism
severity
gross primary production
community respiration",Spain,,,88-920 m,All sites had Mediterranean climate with warm and dry summer season. Annual precipitation ranged from 428 to 1093 mm (most falls during winter),Lab-metabolism,Dry and perennial,Reach (33 stream reaches),1.05 km2 to 1035.67 km2,Range ephemeral to permanent,Natural,1 month (July 1 - August 1),NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"GPP, community respiration","Biofilm biomass (ash-free dry mass and chlorophyll a), riparian canopy cover","Air temperature, streambed temperature, water level, solar radiation, ",NA,NA,"Frequency of non-flow period did not affect biofilm biomass or metabolism, but duration significantly decreased autotrophic biomass and GPP. Severity of the non-flow period (solar radiation and max streambed temp) also affected GPP negatively. Respiration was not affected by the temporal components of the no-flow period","Compared temporary and perennial streams,stream order 2-5. 
Lab incubation of cobbles from the streams to measure metabolism.
"
IR_GHG_90,"Marce, R
Obrador, B
Gomez-Gener, L
Catalan, N
Koschorreck, M
Arce, MI
Singer, G
von Schiller, D",Emissions from dry inland waters are a blind spot in the global carbon cycle,2019,EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS,"Carbon dioxide
Methane
Intermittent
Stream
River
Lake",Global,NA,NA,NA,NA,Review,Dry,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"CO2
CH4",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Estimate that CO2 emissions from inland waters could increase current estimates by 0.22 Pg C year -1 or 10% of total fluxes. ,"Identify main environmental controls of: moisture, rewetting episodes, organic matter and nutrients, presence of vegetation/macrophytobenthos, sediment texture, sediment temperature, sediment organic matter",,Lotic and lentic intermittent ecosystems
IR_GHG_102,"Burrows, RM
Rutlidge, H
Bond, NR
Eberhard, SM
Auhl, A
Andersen, MS
Valdez, DG
Kennard, MJ",High rates of organic carbon processing in the hyporheic zone of intermittent streams,2017,SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,,Australia,,,,,Lab-metabolism,Dry and wet,"Reach (8 stream reaches, across 2 regions)",NA,Unknown,Unknown,"Biofilm collected for 28 days, and respiration measured in-situ within one hour. 
Leaf packs deployed twicee (for 1 month) and cotton strips 4 times (for 1 month) ",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Organic C processing through leaf litter bag decomposition and cotton strip assays,NA,"Substrate moisture,
Stream water DO, pH, DOC, NO3-, NH4+, soluble reactive phosphorus, Rn activity measurements
Stream depth",NA,NA,Leaf litter processing was 48% greater and cotton strip processing 124% greater in the hyporheic zone compared to ruface environments. Processing was also greater in more saturated surface environments (i.e. pools). Microbial respiration in hyporheic zone was similar or greater than rates in surface environments. ,In hyporeic zone; Many streams
IR_GHG_116,"Welter, JR
Fisher, SG",The influence of storm characteristics on hydrological connectivity in intermittent channel networks: implications for nitrogen transport and denitrification,2016,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,"biogeochemical hot spot
denitrification
hydrological flowpaths
intermittent
stream network","Arizona, USA",, ,650 m,,Field and lab,Rewetting,Catchment (multiple sites along sub-catchment),505 km2 (focused on sub-catchment of 0.64km2),Study site had flow only during precipitation events (ephemeral),Natural,One year  ,NA,NA,NA,NA,N2O (denitrification),"Potential denitrification rates in surface soils of vegetated hillslope were 3557 ng N g-1 h-1and riparian terrace were 2284 ng N g-1 h-1. Rates were lower in the intermittent channels, maximum 300 ng N g-1 h01 in upper 0-2cm of channel sediments (lower in the deeper sediments)",Sediment ,Punctuated,Potential denitrification,NA,"Storm size and intensity, 
Rainwater chemistry, 
Runoff chemistry (NH4-N, NO3-N, DOC, total dissolved nitrogen, chloride), 
Soil moisture,  
",Potential denitrification rates were 10 to 100 times higher in vegetated hillslopes than all other locations. However rates in channel sediments were appreciable. Deep channel sediments dried slowly and may remain biologically active for longer.,"Rainfall frequency, intensity and duration influence denitrification rates. There was a significant interaction between soil depth and landscape location. Rates did not sgnificantly differ across soil depths in high order channels. The 0-2 soil layer had significantly higher potential denitrification rates than deeper soil layers in channel sediments and adjacent soils. ",NA,Potential denitrification rates calculated in lab from soil samplesSycamore Creek catchment. 
IR_GHG_119,"Munoz, I
Abril, M
Casas-Ruiz, JP
Casellas, M
Gomez-Gener, L
Marce, R
Menendez, M
Obrador, B
Sabater, S
von Schiller, D
Acuna, V",Does the severity of non-flow periods influence ecosystem structure and function of temporary streams? A mesocosm study,2018,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,"CO2 emissions
flow intermittency
organic carbon
stream biofilm
temporary streams",Spain,,,,"Air temperature was maintained at 20C throughout the experiment, with air humidity of 30%. The simulated rainfall event lasted 30 minutes and accounting for 10 L/m2. ",Mesocosm,"Flowing, continuous intermittency, and intermittency with and without rain events",Mesocosm (16 artificial streams),NA,"Treatments: continuous flow (F), no flow (NF) for 29 days, severe no flow (I) severe no flow with 30 min rehydration event on day 21 (RH) . Then flow resumption in I and RH on day ~29",Simulated intermittence,40 days (4 main sampling points),NA,NA,NA,NA,CO2,"Before treatment: -4.48 mmol m-2 day -1
Flowing treatment had similar flux rate to before the treatments. Non-flow conditions caused immediate increase in CO2 uptake for the first 6 hours. Then, transitioned from uptake to emission, remaining with similar values during no-flow until rehydration pusle which increased CO2 rates to 50 mmol m-2 day -1",Sediment and water,Punctuated,Biofilm photosynthetic efficiency and enzymatic activity,"Biofilm bacterial density and basal fluorescence, organic matter","Sediment water content
Stream water DO, pH, conductivity, nutrients (N-NO3, N-NH4), DOC",Rain events furing non-flow period enhance CO2 emissions.CO2 pulse following flow recovery was slightly lower in magnitude and duration compared to after rehydration.  ,Rain events stimulated CO2 emissions,Photosynthetic and exoenzymatic activities in biofilm increased significantly after simulated rainfall eventm but not basal fluorescence or bacterial density. No relationship was observed between flow severity and rate of biofilm recovery. ,Indoor artificial streams
IR_GHG_138,"Suarez, L
Vidal-Abarca, R",Metabolism of a semi-arid stream of south-east Spain,2001,"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS",,Spain,,,,Annual rainfall is 300mm with peaks in autumn and spring. Mean annual temperature is 18°C,Field-metabolism,Flowing,"Reach (perennial, 345 m long)",502 km2,63% of stream length is intermittent,Natural ,20 months (4 campaigns of 24h each),NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"GPP, respiration",NA,"Stream water dissolved oxygen, temperature, depth, width, velocity, discharge, photosynthetically active radiationm pH, salinity, alkalinity, suspended solids, nitrate, ammonia, ortho-phosphate",NA,NA,Highest values of GPP and respiration were recorded in the summer (also spring for respiration) when discharge was low (note perennial reach). The stream has a tendency for autotrophic processes. ,"Stream metabolism. Chicamo stream, fourth order, 59.4 km length. Discharge at study reach ranged from 0.0 to 31.0 L s-1. Wetted width ranged from 2 to 20.8m. Depth ranged from 2 to 22 cm. "
IR_GHG_142,"Keller, PS
Catalan, N
von Schiller, D
Grossart, HP
Koschorreck, M
Obrador, B
Frassl, MA
Karakaya, N
et al",Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems,2020,NATURE COMMUNICATIONS,,"Global (17 countries, all continents except Antarctica)",NA,NA,NA,NA,Field,Dry,Global (196 dry inland water reaches and adjacent upland),NA,Range,Range,1 campaign,CO2,CO2 emission rate ranged from -27 to 2968 m mmol m-2 day-1 from dry inland waters. Mean 186 mmol m-2 day-1. ,Sediment,Punctuated,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Air and sediment temperature, sediment texture, pH, conductivity, water content, organic matter content",Streams and rivers had higher CO2 emission rates than lentic systems due to higher turbulence. Dry inland water CO2 emission rates were in the same range but significantly lower than adjacent upland soils. ,"No significant differences between climate zones. Organic matter content, moisture, temperature, and the interaction betweem organic matter contnet and moisture were the strongest predictors of CO2 fluxes from dry inland waters. Followed by the interaction of temperature with moisture and elevation, latitiude, and conductivity. ",NA,"Included all inland waters (not only rivers), compared fluxes to adjacent upland soils. "
IR_GHG_160,"Molla, S
Maltchik, L
Casado, C
Montes, C",Particulate organic matter and ecosystem metabolism dynamics in a temporary Mediterranean stream,1996,ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE,,Spain,,,205 m - 680 m,"Mean air temperature was 13°C during the study period (January to June), from -2.5 to 25°C. Rainfall during this period was 293.4 mm.",Field-metabolism,"Dry
flowing
isolated",Reach (one pool at a reach),150.7 km2,Water ceases to flow completely in the spring or early summer until November. Some surface water remains in pools. ,Natural,5 months (4 sampling campaigns). Arroyo de la Montesina stream. ,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"GPP, respiration","Litter inputs to stream, CPOM/FPOM/BOM, ","Stream water conductivity, temperature, pH, DO, photosynthetically active radiation, ",NA,NA,"The stream changed from net heterotrophic (flowing period) to net autotrophic (when no discharge, isolated pools) during annual hydrological cycle. Sestonic organic matter concentration were lower during winter when stream was flowing than in spring during intermittency (due to increasing temperatures). ","Second order stream, 29 km long. "
IR_GHG_170,"Arce, MI
Sanchez-Montoya, MD
Vidal-Abarca, MR
Suarez, ML
Gomez, R",Implications of flow intermittency on sediment nitrogen availability and processing rates in a Mediterranean headwater stream,2014,AQUATIC SCIENCES,"Flow intermittency
Nitrification
Denitrification
Nitrate pulse
Temporary streams
Mediterranean streams",Spain,38°8' N ,2°13' W,1100 m.a.s.l.,"Subhumid Mediterranean climate, with 583 mm of average annual rainfall and an average annual temperature of 13.3°C",Field and lab,"Flowing
dry
rewetting","Reach (1 intermittent and 1 perennial reach, 50m each)",47.2 km2,Dry period typically starts in July until November-December,Natural,"One year (October 2009 to November 2010), monthly sampling (11 dates)",NA,NA,NA,NA,N2O,"Peak of 0.79 N2O-Ng 01 DMh-1 in September (dry period) in intermittent reach, compared to 0.05 in perennial. ",Both,Punctuated,"Nitrification, denitrification",NA,"Stream water temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen, depth, width, velocity, ",Peak denitrification rate recorded during dry perior in September when rewetting. No effect of time since desication on denitrification rates upon rewetting (3 months vs. 1 month).,"Reach and period had significant effect of nitrification rates. No significant differences between time periods and reaches in denitrification rates. Best model explanining denitrification rates included C:N, also water NO3 concentration and conductivity (although had very low r2). ",Drying increased the sediment nitrate content. Drying did not reduce the recovery of N processing rates to pre-dry levels after simulated flooding. ,Lab incubations. Headwater temporary stream. Both reaches were 2.5m wide and 6 cm deep on average. Water velocity ranged from .7 to 1.5 m s-1 in perennial and from 0.5 to 1.2m s-1 in the intermittent reach. Coordinates from paper.
IR_GHG_179,"Skoulikidis, NT
Sabater, S
Datry, T
Morais, MM
Buffagni, A
Dorflinger, G
Zogaris, S
Sanchez-Montoya, MD
et al","Non-perennial Mediterranean rivers in Europe: Status, pressures, and challenges for research and management",2017,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,"Non-perennial (temporary, intermittent, ephemeral) rivers and streams
Climate
Pressures
Hydrology
Hydrobiology
Biogeochemistry
Management
WFD",Global,,,,,Review,"Flowing, dry, rewetting",NA,,,,,"CO2
N2O",,,,,,,,,,,Dry watercourses can emit substantial CO2 (higher than running or stagnant waters). Wetting and drying cycles create biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments. ,,,"Review of IRES in Mediterranean Europe, their structural and functional characteristics and management. Sub-section on Biogeochemical Processes.Check Tzoraki and Nikolaidis 2007 for a biogeochemical conceptual model"
IR_GHG_185,"Vidal-Abarca, R
Suarez, L
Gomez, R
Moreno, JL
Guerrero, C",Diel variations in physical and chemical parameters in a semi-arid stream in Spain (Chicamo Stream),2002,"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS",,Spain,,,,Annual rainfall is less than 270mm (with maxium in autumn and spring). Mean annual temperature is 18°C,Field-metabolism,Flowing,Reach (6 sites along a 345 m reach),502 km2,63% of stream length is intermittent (37% flows permanently),Natural,19 months. 4 campaigns of 24hrs,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Metabolism,NA,"Stream water DO, temperature, pH, alkalinity, salinity, conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, soluble reactive phosphorus",NA,NA,"In spring/summer, pH and Do were strongly correlated, when the highest values of GPP were obsered. Indicating that, metabolism may be more important than physical processes.  negative correlations between alkalinity and water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH suggest that the diel variation of inorgnic C are governmed by metabolic activity. ","Chicamo Stream is a 4th order stream. Study reach was a perennial section. During the study period, discharge ranged from 31 to 0.0 l s-1, wetted width ranged from 2 to 20.8 mm depth ranged from 2 to 22 cm "
IR_GHG_194,"Gomez, R
Arce, MI
Sanchez, JJ
Sanchez-Montoya, MD",The effects of drying on sediment nitrogen content in a Mediterranean intermittent stream: a microcosms study,2012,HYDROBIOLOGIA,"Stream drought
Sediment drying
Extractable nitrogen
Net nitrification
Denitrification
Intermittent stream
Mediterranean stream",Spain,,,134 to 339 m,Semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Average annual temperature of 18°C and average annual precpipitation of <300mm,Microcosm,"Drying
wet",Reach,501.8 km2,Flow typically stops during drough period which usually begins in late June to early July until late October to early November,Natural,"Sediments collected once (under baseflow conditions), After 2 weeks of free drying, microcosms samples every 2 days for a total of 9 sampling dates (18 days total)",NA,NA,NA,NA,N2O,"First day of experiment: 1x10^-2 ug N2O-N g dw-1 h-1
After first day: declined to 0.002 and remained there for the next 10 days",Sediments and water,Punctuated (every 2 days over 18 days total),"Denitrification, nitrification, ",NA,"Sediment bulk density, particle size, moisture, OM, NO3-N, NH4-N, organic C, ","Highest denitrification rate on first day of experiment, then dropped sharply and remained low for the remainder of the experiment","% Water-filled pore space correlated positively with net nitrification and denitrification rates, %OM and NH4-N. NO3-N was enhanced during the first 10 days of drying, whereas NH4-N was lost by day 14.",NA,Sediments collected during base flow conditions
IR_GHG_249,"Arce, MI
Gomez, R
Suarez, ML
Vidal-Abarca, MR",Denitrification rates and controlling factors in two agriculturally influenced temporary Mediterranean saline streams,2013,HYDROBIOLOGIA,"Denitrification
Temporary streams
Saline streams
Nitrate
Drought
Agriculture",Spain,,,,"Semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Mean annual precipitation of 250-350 mm. Rainfall variable, but highest flows in spring and autumn. Average annual temperatures 16-19°C","Field
Lab (denitrification
assays)","Flowing
Dry
Post-drought","Two temporary saline streams
6 reaches on each",296 km2 for Chicamo and 36km2 for Rambla de la Parra,Temporary (not ephemeral),Natural,"4 months, 2 campaigns. 
June (pre-drought). October (post-drought)",NA,NA,NA,NA,N2O,NA,Water,Pre and post-drought,Denitrification,NA,"Discharge
Water N-NO3, N-NH4,DOC
Sediment redox potential
Sediment salinity (conductivity)
Sediment OM and moisture","Denitrification rates dropped in post-drought conditions 
High correlation of denitrification with %OM and DOC during the pre-drought
Denitrification rates higher in the most agriculturally influenced sites","Denitrification rates correlated positively with stream water NO3-N (explained 80% of the variance) and DOC, and sediment OM and redox. ",NA,"Denitrification lab assays (stream conditions and adding nutrients)
Effect of agriculture"
IR_GHG_312,"Nakajima, T
Ochiai, M
Anbutsu, K
Mitamura, O",Denitrification and nitrous oxide production in a stream,2006,"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 29, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS","denitrification
N2O production
stream
temporal water body
sediment",Japan,,,,NA,Field-lab,"Flowing
temporal sand bar",Reach (single reach with 12 sampling locations),NA,Unclear. Temporary water body in sandbars along stream,Natural,10 months (sedimentsamples taken monthy),NA,NA,NA,NA,N2O,All measurements <1 mg N m2 day-1,Sediment (collected under flowing conditions),Punctuated. Monthly for 10 months,"Respiration, denitrification",NA,"Stream water Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4, temperature","Nitrous oxide production showed little, change except in March and August (nearly all measurements lower than 1 mg N m-2 day -1)","N2O production was not strongly correlated with denitrification, respiration, or nitrate. ","Denitrification and nitrate concentration showed a positiive correlation in the non-perennial water body in the sandbar. There, N2O consumption was observed in the summer when nitrate concentrations were low. Denitrifation was highest 66.7 mg N m-2 day 01 at the shallowest station in July. ",Sediment incubation assays. Sampling conducted under baseflow conditions
IR_GHG_333,"Siebers, AR
Pettit, NE
Skrzypek, G
Dogramaci, S
Grierson, PF",Diel cycles of delta C-13(DIC) and ecosystem metabolism in ephemeral dryland streams,2020,AQUATIC SCIENCES,"Dissolved inorganic carbon
Alluvial water connectivity
Intermittent streams
Temperature
Water isotopes",Australia,,,,300-350mm annual rainfall (mostly during December to March),Field-lab-metabolism,Isolated pools,Reach (2 main study pools on 2 streams),NA,Ephemeral (usually flow only during heavy rainfall),Natural,2 days at 2 sites. Diel DO cycles 3 days at 6 sites,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"GPP, ecosystem respiration",NA,"Water: Isotopes, DOM, inorganic N and P, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, pH
Photosynthetically active radiation, windspeed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, cumulative rainfall ",NA,NA,Water temperature was the strongest predictor of DIC stable isotopoe values and change across pools. Pools were net heterotrophic. GPP and ER rates were linked to aquatic vegetation cover,"Streams unimpacted by anthropogenic stressors. Isotopes of DIC and DO in 2 pools, and GPP/ER in 6 pools"
IR_GHG_450,"Fellows, CS
Wos, ML
Pollard, PC
Bunn, SE",Ecosystem metabolism in a dryland river waterhole,2007,MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH,"gross primary production
heterotrophic bacteria
pelagic
respiration",Australia,"25°26.9'  S
",142°40.7' E,,Arid to semi-arid climate with mean annual rainfall from 100-500 mm. Maximum daily air temperature ranges from 21.4 to 38.1°C and minima range from 24 to 7°C,Field-metabolism,Isolated pools,NA,"296,000 km2",Ephemeral (stream flow generated by monsooms/rainfall),Natural,24hr,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Benthic metabolism (GPP and respiration), bacterial carbon production, chlorophyll a",NA,"Water alkanility, temperature, DO, pH, light intensity, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate
",NA,NA,"Autochthonous sources of organic carbon were important for fuelling bacterial production under no-flow conditions (no large allochthonous inputs). Models of lake metabolisms thus may be expanded to include dryland river waterholes, which group with eutrophic lakes (high inorganic nutrients, low allochthonous inputs, autotrophic metabolic balance)",Waterhole. Relatively undisturbed catchment. Cooridnates from paper
IR_GHG_469,"Gerull, L
Frossard, A
Gessner, MO
Mutz, M",Variability of heterotrophic metabolism in small stream corridors of an early successional watershed,2011,JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES,,Germany,51°36'  N,14° 16'  E,,Average annual precipitation is 559 mm and average air temperature is 9.3 °C,Field-lab-metabolism,Rewetted,"Network (3 streams in network, 8 sites each)",0.06 km2,"Ephemeral (upper portion of network), and perennial downstream",Natural (catchment was man-made),"11 months (sampled 4 times, once in winter, spring, summer, and autumn for a week each time)",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Community respiration,NA,"Chlorophyll a
Sediment moisture, OM, total carbohydrate content, grain size distribution
Surface and sediment pore water PO4, NH4, NO2, NO3, DOC, DO, temperature",NA,NA,Respiraton rate of soil and sediments were low. The presence of algae and accretion of vascualr plant fragments in the perennial stream reaches increased respiration rates. Respiration rates of rewetted soil and sdiemnt from dry stream channels were similar to those of perenneials channels. Carbon turnover was higher in perennial channels than in ephemeral channels and terrestrial sites. ,Experimentally created watershed in 2004/5. Coordinates from paper
IR_GHG_488,"Fellows, CS
Bunn, SE
Sheldon, F
Beard, NJ",Benthic metabolism in two turbid dryland rivers,2009,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,"desert river
gross primary production
light limitation
respiration
waterhole",Australia,,,,Highly variable annual rainfall,Field-metabolism,"Isolated pools (dry, rewetting)",Network (2 catchments),"306,000 km2 (Cooper Creek catchment), 78,400 km2 (Warrengo River catchment)",Long periods of no flow are typical. Waterhole (pool) sites had water present for the 2 year duration of the study,Natural,2 years (April 2001 to May 2003),NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Benthic gross primary production, respiration",NA,"Depth, water temperature, conductivity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nirtate-N, ",NA,NA,"Light was the mahor control on benthic GPP, with stronger influence immediately post-flow compared to after extended drying. Observed a positive relationship between fish abundance and GPP. ",
IR_GHG_494,"Skoulikidis, NT
Vardakas, L
Amaxidis, Y
Michalopoulos, P",Biogeochemical processes controlling aquatic quality during drying and rewetting events in a Mediterranean non-perennial river reach,2017,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,"Non-perennial rivers
Desiccation
Re-flooding
Biogeochemical processes
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Carbonate precipitation
Epsomite dissolution
Nutrients",Greece,,,649 m,Mediterranean climate with mild and cool winters and hot/dry summers. Annual average temperatre 16°C and mean annual precipitation of 803 mm.,Field-metabolism,"Dry
rewetting",Reach,2418 km2,June 4 to 14 September 2010,Natural ,13 months,NA,NA,NA,"Some variables continuous (every 10 mins: water depth, WT, EC, pH, and DO)",NA,NA,NA,NA,Respiration,NA,"Stream water velocity, width, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivitym major ions, total dissolved nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia, nitrite, total dissolved phosphorus, orthophosphate, dissolved silica, Ca, Mg, Na, sulfate, chloride, potassium. 
Sediments and suspended matter organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen. ",NA,NA,Metabolic processes were intensified during dessication and water temperature rise. Respiration increased with gradual dessication. Autotrpohic production exceeded respiration during the entire dessication cycle. Dessication also increased nutrient assimilation and ammonification. ,Measured pCO2 concentrations
IR_GHG_496,"Acuna, V
Munoz, I
Giorgi, A
Omella, M
Sabater, F
Sabater, S",Drought and postdrought recovery cycles in an intermittent Mediterranean stream: structural and functional aspects,2005,JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY,"ecosystem contraction
drought effect
postdrought recovery
macroinvertebrate community structure
stream metabolism
Mediterranean streams",Spain,41°42' N,2° 34'  E,150m,"Climate is Meditteranean with mild winters and warms spring/summers. Monthly average temparatures range from 4C in December to 28 C in July and August. Highest precipitation occurs most often in autumn and spring, occasiona summer storms. ",Field-metabolism,"Flowing
Dry
Pools",50 m long reach,16 km2,Water flow usually ceases from July/August to September/October. ,Nautral. Mediterranean climate,"3 years
O2 measurements 24 times
Macroinvertebrate were collected biweekly
Distribution of substrata monthly",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Gross primary production
Ecosystem respiration


","Macroinvertebrate density, biomass, diversity, richness","Discharge
Depth, width, and length of the remaining pools
Water level
DO
Conductivity
pH
water N-NO3, N-NH4, P-PO4
distribution of substrata
BOM C and N",NA,,"GPP decreased during the drying phase
large amounts of OM available
after dry seasons enhanced respiration during postdrought phase
pre- and postdrought communities were different
resilience appears to be the predominant strategy","3rd order stream. Discharge of 30 L/s, 3-4m wwidth, and 0.1 to 0.4m depth. Coordinates from paper. "
IR_GHG_524,"Jones, JB
Fisher, SG
Grimm, NB",Nitrification in the hyporheic zone of a desert stream ecosystem,1995,JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY,"Nutrient dynamics
Nitrate
Nitrification
Desert streams
Hyporheic zone
Hydrologic exchange","Arizona, USA",,,650 m,"Annual mean precipitation is 58.4 and 33.9 cm/yr at higher and lower elevations, respectively (427 to 2164 m elevation in the catchment)",Field-lab-metabolism,Rewetting,Stream (3 reaches),505 km2,Intermittent (no further details given),Natural ,15 months (sampled monthly),NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Stream sediment and water,Punctuated. Monthly for 15 months.,"Nitrification, hyporeic respiration",NA,"Water NH4-N, NO3-N, total dissolved nitrogen, soluble reactive phospohorus, DOC, 
Sediment particle size class, POC",NA,NA,Subsurface respiration and nitrification was higher in downwelling than upwelling regions. Hyporeic respiration varied as a result of flash floods (due to removal of algae from stream). Nitrification rates increased immediately following floods. Nitrification was significantly correlated with hyporeic respiration.,Mean stream depth is 5 cm and average wetted channel width is 5-6m. Measured one upwelling and downwelling zone in each reach.
IR_GHG_596,"Gallo, EL
Lohse, KA
Ferlin, CM
Meixner, T
Brooks, PD",Physical and biological controls on trace gas fluxes in semi-arid urban ephemeral waterways,2014,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY,"Urban stream
Trace gas flux
Semi-arid
Nitrogen
Carbon
Methane","Arizona, USA",,,,Mean annual precipitation: 310mm. ,Field,Before and after wetting,Stream (16 reaches),NA,Ephemeral (flow only occurs in response to rainfall),Natural,"Before wetting, immediately after, the 0.5, 2 and 6h after rewetting","CO2
CH4
N2O","CO2: before wetting: 21.9 , after wetting 240 mg C m-2 h-1
CH4: before wetting: 17.1 , after wetting: 17.1 ug C m-2 hr-1
N2O: before wetting:1.5, after wetting 207.4 ug N m-2 h01",Sediment,"Punctuated. Before wetting, immediately after, the 0.5, 2 and 6h after rewetting",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Sediment temperature, moisture, NH4, NO3, texture, organic matter, C, N ","CO2 and N2O fluxes increased after rewetting, and were among the highest ever publishes. Higher fluxes in loam and sandy loam than in sand channels, likely due to higher C and N and moisture retention allowing for more favorable antecedent conditions.","In coarser sandy sites GHG fluxes primarily controlled by soil moisture and organic C and N. In finer sandy loam sites, GHG gluxes controlled by moisture, soil organic C and N. 
CO2 fluxes varied positively and significantly with soil temperature at sand and sandy loam washes. And across sites with soil moisture. 
The only significant N2O flux correlation observed was with % water filled pore space at the sand sites. 
For CH4 the only significant correlation was positive with soil temperature at the loam sites",NA,"Static chambers and GC. Study sites are ""urban washes"". "
IR_GHG_653,"Manis, E
Royer, TV
Johnson, LT
Leff, LG",Denitrification in Agriculturally Impacted Streams: Seasonal Changes in Structure and Function of the Bacterial Community,2014,PLOS ONE,,"Indiana, USA",,,,,Field-lab,"Pre-drying, dry, post-drying",Stream (2 streams),NA,One seasonally ephemeral stream and one stream with permanent flow,Due to source (tile drainage),"Phase 1: 8 months (April, May, September, November, December)
Phase 2: Flooding experiment (riparian benches) pre-flood, 0, 24, 72 hours after the water was removed.",NA,NA,NA,NA,N2O,"Intermittent stream: ~0 (dry) - ~2.1 (post-dry) ug N2O-N g DM hr-1
Perennial stream: ~<0.1 - ~0.15 ug N2O-N g DM hr-1",Stream sediments and stream water,"Punctuated. For sediments headspace gas samples were taken after 15 minutes, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h. For soils, headspace samples were collected every 2 hrs (total of 5 sampling points) ",Sediment and soil denitrification,"Bacterial abundance (DAPI), 16s rRNA gene abundance, denitrifier abundance,","Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, velocity, NO3-, phosphorous, DOC
Benthic organic matter
Soil and sediment percent moisture and organic matter, NO3-","20 to 30 times higher denitrification rates in intermittent than perennial stream, except in the September dry period. ","Moisture, benthic organic matter, NO3-",Denitrifer community structure and denitrification rate not strongly coupled (response to hydrological change physiological rather than conposition/abundance),"Measured denitrification rate, Not naturally dry (tile drainage). Agriculturally impacted catchments"
IR_GHG_662,"McIntyre, RES
Adams, MA
Ford, DJ
Grierson, PF",Rewetting and litter addition influence mineralisation and microbial communities in soils from a semi-arid intermittent stream,2009,SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY,"Substrate limitation
Flood pulse
Pilbara
Carbon mineralisation
Nitrogen mineralisation
Microbial biomass
Phospholipid fatty acids",Australia,22°30005 S,117°41037 E,,Mild winters (11-24°C) and hot summers (26-40°C). Rainfall is highly variable among seasons and years (mean 350mm y-1),Lab,"Dry
rewetted",Stream (2 channels of of a stream),NA,Ephemeral flow,Natural,"Sampled six times: pre-wetting (t=0h), 8h, 24h, 48h, 7d and 14d.",NA,NA,NA,NA,CO2,"6.96 ug CO2-C g-1 initially and increased to 10.6 after rewetting, across all treatments. ",Sediment,"Punctuated. Measurements (CO2 syringe sample) were taken at six times: pre-wetting (t=0h), 8h, 24h, 48h, 7d and 14d.","Microbial respiration, nitrogen mineralization","Floodplain and riparian vegetation classification,
Microbial biomass by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis","Soil and sediment pH, type, bulk density, N%, C%, organic C%, P, stable isotopes, NO3-N, NH4-N",Microbial respiration (CO2) was similar in soils and sediments. Respiration doubled in leaf litter amended soils/sediments. Landscape position was less inmportant in controlling microbial activity than soil saturation when WFPS was greater than 40%.,"Leaf litter addition, water-filled pore space","Microbial diversity (number of PLFAs) was similar before rewetting and at the conclusion of the experiment. A slight increase in mean microbial diversity occurred after rewetting, but declined thereafter to pre-wetting levels","Unregulated, lowland floodplain stream. Soil and sediment samples were rewetting to 50% and 100% satuation. Half of the samples were ameded with eucalyptus leaf litter. Coordinates from paper. "
IR_GHG_872,"Jones, JB
Fisher, SG
Grimm, NB",Vertical hydrologic exchange and ecosystem metabolism in a sonoran desert stream,1995,ECOLOGY,CARBON DYNAMICS; DESERT STREAMS; DISTURBANCE; HYDROLOGY; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SONORAN DESERT; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; STREAM METABOLISM; VERTICAL HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS,"Arizona, USA",,, ,"Annual mean precipitation is 58.4 and 33.9 cm/yr at higher and lower elevations, respectively (427 to 2164 m elevation in the catchment)",Field-metabolism,Unclear,Stream (three 104-295 m long reaches),505 km2,Uncertain,Desert stream in arid environment (uncertain if intermittent),14 months. Sampled monthly. ,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Algal chlorophyll a, hyporeic respiration",Algal biomass,"DOC, 
Total dissolved monosaccharides
water NH4-N, NO3-N, 
total dissolved nitrogen, 
soluble reactive phosphorus",NA,NA,Respiration was the lowest following flash floods and increased significantly with time after flood. Respiration was significantly correlated with surface algal biomass during spring/summer. Respiration was higher in downwelling than upwelling zones. Respiration was also correlated with photosynthesis and dissolved organic carbon concentration. ,"Not clear if stream is intermittent; hyporheic respiration. 5 cm depth, 5-6 ; wetted width"
IR_GHG_1000,"Acuna, V
Giorgi, A
Munoz, I
Uehlinger, U
Sabater, S",Flow extremes and benthic organic matter shape the metabolism of a headwater Mediterranean stream,2004,FRESHWATER BIOLOGY,"ecosystem metabolism
flow regime
Mediterranean streams
organic matter dynamics
riparian forest",Spain,,,,"Monthly air temperatures range from 4C in December to 28C in July and August. Precipitation mostly occurs in autumn and spring, wit occasional storms in the summer. ",Field-metabolism,"Flowing
Dry",50 m long reach,16.2 km2,Permanent flow usually ceases from July/August to September/October,Natural. Mediterranean climate,"22 months
Chlorophyll samples 20 times
O2 measurements 40 times",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Ecosystem respiration 
Gross primary production
Benthic chlorophyll a
",No,"Discharge
Water level
Active radiation PAR
Temperature
pH
DO 
water N-NO3, N-NH4, P-PO4,DOC
POM imputs
distribution of substrata
",NA,NA,"discharge was the best predictor of GPP
hydrological regime was
responsible for temporal variation in BOM",intermitence not directly analysed. Third order stream. Discharge: 30 L s-1. 3-4m width. 0.1-0.4m deep.
IR_GHG_1001,"Bolpagni, R; Folegot, S; Laini, A; Bartoli, M",Role of ephemeral vegetation of emerging river bottoms in modulating CO2 exchanges across a temperate large lowland river stretch,2017,AQUATIC SCIENCES,Parafluvial zones; Large rivers; Static closed chamber technique; C metabolism; Microphytobenthos; Therophytes,Italy,,,,Total annual precipitation ranges from 700 to 2000 mm yr-1,Field,"Flowing
Dry","Reach (226 km long, 4 sites)","70,000 km2",Unclear. Exposed sediment in parafluvial zone (likely only wet during flooding),Natural,"7 months (2 campaigns, summer and winter)",CO2,Flowing river was a CO2 source (0.2-7.6 mmol CO2 m-2 day-1). Vegetated parafluvial zone acted as net sink (assimilation rate peaking at 623.4 mmol CO2 m-2 day-1). Emerging bare sediments were net source (2.7-60.1 mmol CO2 m-2 day -1),Sediment and water,Punctuated  ,NA,NA,NA,NA,Sediment chlorophyll a,Vascular plan identity and biomass,"Surface water temperature, pH, condictivity, DO, NH4, NO2, NO3, SiO2, PO4, DIC
Sediment density, porosity, OM","Flowing river was a CO2 source, while vegetated parafluvial zone was a net sink. And emerging bare sediments were net sources. Therefore seasonally emergent vegetated sand bars may represent important C fixation hot spots, and offset CO2 emissions of the sauurated zones. ","For bare sediments, dark CO2 fluxes were affected by season and OM. Light CO2 fluxes were affected by season and Chlorophyll a. 
Plots colonized by vascular plants, dark CO2 fluxes were affected by OM, and light fluxes by dry biomass and OM. ",NA,Referred from Marce et al 2019
IR_GHG_1002,"Paranaíba, J. R., Aben, R., Barros, N., Quadra, G., Linkhorst, A., Amado, A. M., ... & Kosten, S. (2021). ",Cross-continental importance of CH4 emissions from dry inland-waters. ,2021,Science of The Total Environment,,Global (89 independent systems),,,,Various,Field,Dry,Global,Various,Various,Various,2016 to 2017 (1 campaign),CH4,40±80 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 ,Sediment,Various,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,Average CH4 emissions from dry inland waters were significantly higher than those from adjacent uphill soils 40 vs 1 mg CH4 m-2 d-1. May be as a result of moisture content as well as quality and quantity of organic matter content. ,,"Organic matter content and the interaction between OM content and sediment tempeature were the strongest predictors of CH4 fluces from dry inland waters. Followed by moisture, conductivity, elevation and the interaction between moisture and OM content. Suggesting that local sediment characteristics rather than regional characteristicis such as annual mean temperature drive CH4 emissions. ",,"Added after my WOS search. Included all inland waters, not only streams"