,,basic info,,,,greographical info,,,,,general characteristic of the study,,,,,,,,,,GHG measurements,,,,,,,,,,,,Other variables/parameters,,,Main conclusions,,,
ID,Authors,Article Title,Publication Year,Source Title,Author Keywords,Country,latitude,longitude,altitude,Climatic variables (mean anual prec; mean anual temp…),"Study type (Field, lab, both, review, conceptual)",Phases,Scale,Catchment area,Intermittence severity,"Intermitence cause
(natural, dams, water abstraction...)",Dam type (purpose),Dam volume,Dam surface area,"Time covered by the study
# Campaigns",Field GHGs,Flux rate from reservoir surface (with units),Flux rate from downstream (with units),Flux rate from upstream (with units),Field GHG in sediments/water/both?,Type of field GHG measure (punctuated vs continous),Lab GHGs,Flux rate from reservoir (with units),Flux rate from downstream (with units),Flux rate from upstream (with units),Lab GHG in sediments/water/both?,Type of lab GHG measure (punctuated vs continous),Functional variables addresed?,Structural variables addresed?,Abiotic variables,Main GHG results,GHG drivers,Other results regarding IR/damming,Notes
DAM_GHG_34,"Wang, FS; Maberly, SC; Wang, BL; Liang, X",Effects of dams on riverine biogeochemical cycling and ecology,2018,INLAND WATERS,dam; ecosystem structure and function; greenhouse gas; nutrient; retention time,Global,Various,Various,,Various,Review,NA,NA,Various,NA,NA,Various,Various,Various,Various,"CH4, CO2, N2O",Average emissions of 3500 mg m-2 d-1 of CO2 and 300 mg m-2 d-1 of CH4 have been found in tropical reservoirs. Compared to CO2 values of 387 to 1400 mg m-2 d-1 to CH4 calues of 2.8 - 55 mg m02 d-1 from temperate reservoirs. ,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Dam construction changes ecosystem from a river type heterotrophic system dominated by benthic ciota to a lake type autotrophic system based on plakton. Terrestrial organic matter carried by the river is burried in the reservoir sediments. Can lead to denitrification, methanogenesis and generation of GHGs. Reservoir surface is usually dominated by CO2 flux, upward diffusion of CH4 is converted to CO2 by methanotrophic bacteria. Unlike natural lakes, reservoirs usually use the bottom release mode, thus reducing substances and GHGs are released downstream.","GHG production and emission fluxes from a reservoir are related to reservoir age, latitude, and retention time. ","A reservoir can impact the downstream temperature, e.g. water released from the bottom og a reservoir will be cooler and from the surface warmer, than it would be without a reservoir. A dam may also significantly reduce the maximum flow occuring in the downstream river. ",Nice conceptual review
DAM_GHG_37,"Deemer, BR; Harrison, JA; Li, SY; Beaulieu, JJ; Delsontro, T; Barros, N; Bezerra-Neto, JF; Powers, SM; dos Santos, MA; Vonk, JA",Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Reservoir Water Surfaces: A New Global Synthesis,2016,BIOSCIENCE,reservoir; methane; greenhouse gas; eutrophication; ebullition,Global,Various,Various,,Various,Review,NA,Global,Various,NA,NA,Various,Various,Various,Various,"CH4, CO2, N2O","GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces accound for 0.8 (0.5 yo 1.2) Pg CO2 equivalents per year, with the majority of forcing due to CH4",,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces accound for 0.8 (0.5 yo 1.2) Pg CO2 equivalents per year, with the majority of forcing due to CH4. Alternative pathways like dam degassing and downstream emissions contribute significantly to overall emissions. Factors related to reservoir productivity are good predictors of emissions. Drawdown sreas (fluctuating water levels create sediments that are periodically inundated with water then exposed to the atmosphere","Reservoir GHG emission can be positively correlated with temperature. The negative correlation between latitiude and emissions, may reflect higher average water temperatures at low altitudes. Also, lower latitude regions typically experience higher rates of terrestrial net primary productivity. Increasing primary productivity may shift lentic ecosystems from CO2 sources to sinks. At the same time, eutrophication may promote larger CH4 emissions. CH4 emissions were best predicted by chlorophyll a concentrations. CO2 emissions were best predicted by mean annual precipitation. N2O emissions were most strongly related to reservoir NO3- concentrations as well as latitude. ",NA,Briefly discuss downstream emissions
DAM_GHG_38,"Han, L; Yuan, XY; Li, JZ; Zhao, Y; Ma, ZJ; Qin, J","Researches on the Variations of Greenhouse Gas Exchange Flux at Water Surface Nearby the Small Hydropower Station of Qingshui River, Guizhou",2016,"COMPUTER AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE IX, CCTA 2015, PT II",Greenhouse Gas; Small hydropower station; Water surface; Qingshui River,China,,,,NA,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,"17,145 km2",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,NA,NA,1 day (1 campaign),"CH4, CO2, N2O",Not reported,"Downstream CO2 emissions were ~22.42 mmol m-2 d-1. 
Downstream CH4 emissions were ~0.78 mmol m-2 d-1.
Downstream N2O emissions were ~ 0.00957 mmol N2O m-2 d-1","Upstream CO2 emissions ~-2.5 mmol m-2 d-1. Upstream CH4 emissions were ~ -3.43 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1.
Upstream N2O emissions were ~ -0.0047 mmol m-2 d-1",Water,Punctuated (static chamber and GC),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Water temperature, DO, pH, ","Note, I would say this is a pretty questionable article, based on all of the negative values, large variation, and leaping conclusions, erroneons terminology (eg calling fluxes concentrations). 
Overall, GHG fluxes in the downstream of the station were slightly higher than the upstream. GHG fluxes had a positive correlation with DO and pH.","No correlation between GHG flux and water temperature. Significant correlation between pH and CO2. CO and N2O, ",NA,"Qingshui river. 
Only 1 day of measurements, DO NOT INCLUDE IN meta analysis"
DAM_GHG_40,"Li, SY; Zhang, QF",Carbon emission from global hydroelectric reservoirs revisited,2014,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,Greenhouse gases (GHGs); CO2; Methane; Hydropower reservoir; Carbon cycling,Global,,,,NA,Review,"Uncertain, assume running",Downstream of dam,Various,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,Various,Various,Various,"CO2, CH4",Global average emissions from hydropower are estiamted to be 92 g CO2/Kwh and 5.7 g CH4/kWh,,,Water,Various,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Considering reservoir surface area, drawdown zone, and reservoir downstream, estimated 301.3 TG CO2 y-1 and CH4 18.7 Tg y-1 from global hydroelectric reservoirs. The sum of drawdown and downstream emission, which is generally overlooked, represents 42% (CO2) and 67% (CH4) of total emissions from hydropower reservoirs. The gloval emissions from hydropower reservoirs are estimated to be 92 g CO2/KWh and 5.7 g CH4/kwH",NA,NA,Estimate of global emissions from reservoirs based on models and case studies
DAM_GHG_65,"Ometto, JP; Cimbleris, ACP; dos Santos, MA; Rosa, LP; Abe, D; Tundisi, JG; Stech, JL; Barros, N; Roland, F",Carbon emission as a function of energy generation in hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazilian dry tropical biome,2013,ENERGY POLICY,Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Energy generation,Brazil,13° 49' S - 22° 35'S,44° 35' W - 55° 46' W,,"Average annual precipitation ranges from 1200 to 1800 mm, with about 90% falling between October and March, resulting in two distinct climatic seasons (dry and wet)",Field,Running,Downstream of dam,Various,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,"516 - 28,415 hm3
",26 - 1327 km2,9 months (3 campaigns),"CO2, CH4","Co2 eq. emissions from the reservoir surfaces was ~190.9  Gg year-1 (ranged from -44 Gg year-1 to 982 Gg year-1. )
","At 1km downstream the dam CO2 Eq emissions were ~7.95 Gg year-1 (ranging from 0.59 Gg year-1 to 67 Gg year-1.) 
Did not report separately for CO2 and CH4 for upstream and reservoir",,Water,Punctuated (chamber and GC),"CO2, CH4",CH4 fluxes varied from 0.01g m-2 d-1 to 0.13 m-1 d-1 and CO2 from 0.34 g m-2 d-1 to 1.31 g m02 d-1,,,Sediment,Punctuated (GC),NA,NA,"Total organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, ","Total emissions were higher in the reservoir lake when compared to the river downstream the dam, however emission per unit areas in the first km of the river after the dam were higher than that in the reservoir. Higher carbon emissions per energy production in the youngest reservoirs, and emissions decreased with age. ",Positive correlation between CO2 emissions and water residence time. ,NA,Also measured sediment-water flux
DAM_GHG_85,"Chen, NW; Wu, JH; Zhou, XP; Chen, ZH; Lu, T","Riverine N2O production, emissions and export from a region dominated by agriculture in Southeast Asia (Jiulong River)",2015,AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT,Nitrous oxide; N2O yield; Nitrification; Denitrification; Greenhouse gas; Dam construction; Jiulong River,China,,,,Annual precipitation varies from 1400 to 1800 (75% of which occurs between April and October),Field,"Running (low, normal and high flow)",Catchment,"14,740 km2",Uncertain ,NA,Over 120 dams and small dams reservoirs in the watershed,Various,Various,8 months (3 campaigns),N2O,"N2O fluxes varied from 1.1 to 93.8 umol m-2 d-1 in the dam modified river. With a site-based mean of 16.0 umol m2 d-1. Fluxes were higher in the tributaries upstream the dams that at/downstream of the dams (values not given, only poor quality figure).",,N2O fluxes ranged from 2.5 to 34.5 in the adjacent non-dam modified river. With a site-based mean of 10.9 umol m2 d-1.,Water,Punctuated (estimated from dissolved aquatic gas),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DOC, water temperature, DO, pH, nitrate, ammonium, ",The river was a major source of N2O. Mahor spatial variation in riverine N2O production and emission across the network,"Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was the key factor controlling the spatial variation of N2O. High N2O production and emission was found in the upper North River where animal and human waste dominated riverine N sources. River N2O yield tends to increase during low flow periodds and in dam-modified river stretches, probably due to enhanced in-stream nitrification. ",NA,"N2O emissions estimated. 
Jiulong River"
DAM_GHG_88,"Yang, L; Li, HP; Wang, J",Spatial and Temporal Variability of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Large Subtropical Reservoir in Eastern China,2019,POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES,N2O emission; N2O flux; spatiotemporal variability; Xin'anjiang Reservoir,China,29° 28' - 29° 58' N,118° 42' - 118° 59'E,,Northern edge of a subtropical monsoon climate. With annual mean temperature of 17.7°C and annual accumulated precipitation of 2015.1 mm ,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,"10,480 km2",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,NA,478 km2,One year (monthly campaigns),N2O,The reservoirs main body had the lowest N2O flux rate of 34.84 ug m-2 s-1. ,Average N2O flux rate was highest in the downstream river (220.24 ug m-2 s-1),Second highest average N2O flux was from followed by the upstream river (49.85 ug m-2 s-1),Water,Punctuated (floating chamber and GC),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"N2O emission flux was highest in the downstream river, followed by the upstream river, and lowest in the reservoir's main body. Seasonal variability showed peak fluxes in March, likely due to disappearance of thermal stratification then. ",NA,NA,Xin’anjiang Reservoir.
DAM_GHG_98,"Descloux, S; Chanudet, V; Serca, D; Guerin, F",Methane and nitrous oxide annual emissions from an old eutrophic temperate reservoir,2017,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,Methane; Nitrous oxide; Diffusion; Ebullition; Degassing; Eguzon reservoir,France,,,,Temperate oceanic climate. Average annual air temperature was 10.4C and mean annual rainfall was 970 mm. ,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,2400 km2,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,"57.3 hm3
",2.7km2,One year (monthly campaigns),"CH4, N2O","Annual CH4 fluxes in the reservoir were 3.3 and 0.3 mmol m-2 d-1 at two stations. 
Annual N2O flux in the reservoir was 15.2 and 20.0 umol m-2 d-1 at two stations. 
","Downstream emissions not reported on a per area basis. 
Total degassing and downstream diffusion emissions were calculated at 1.0 and 0.6 MgCH4 y-1 respectively. For N2O the total degassing and diffusion fluxes were 0.01 and 0.05, respictively.",NA,Water,Puncutated (estimated from aquatic concentrations),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"Water temperature, DO, conductivity, pH, transparency, total organic C, total alkalinity, phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium.
Air temperautre, discharge, water level.
Sediment chore proportion of leaves and wood, organic carbon content, nitrogen, and ammonium",The reservoir surface was identified as the main pathway for the two gases (78% for CH4 and 92.3% for N2O). ,Not discussed,NA,Eguzon reservoir on the Creuse River
DAM_GHG_128,"Li, SY; Zhang, QF; Bush, RT; Sullivan, LA",Methane and CO2 emissions from China's hydroelectric reservoirs: a new quantitative synthesis,2015,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,Hydropower reservoirs; Greenhouse gas (GHG); CO2 emission; Methane emission; Green energy; Carbon budget,China,26° N - 46° N,,,NA,Review,Assumed running,Downstream of dam,Various,NA,NA,19 Hydropower reservoirs,Various,Various,Various,"CO2, CH4",Average diffusive emissions from China's hydropower reservoirs is estimated 2375 mg CO2 m-2 d-1 and 5.3 mg CH4 m02 d-1,,,Water,Punctuated (GC and diffusive method),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"Water temperature, pH, DO","Total emission of 29.6 Tg CO2/year and 0.47 Tg CH4/year frm hydroelectric reservoirs in China. Drawdown and downstream emissions including river reaches below dams and turbines, which are overlooked by most studies, represent the equivalent of 42% of CO2 and 92% of CH4 emissions. ","Main drivers of GHG emission rates are water depth and stratification for CH4 and pH, DO, and Chl-1 (significant negative relationships) with CO2. ",NA,Review of 66 studies in China
DAM_GHG_140,"Qin, Y; Wang, Z; Li, Z; Yang, B","CO2 AND CH4 PARTIAL PRESS AND FLUX ACROSS WATER-AIR INTERFACE IN THE DOWNSTREAM OF JINSHA RIVER, CHINA",2019,APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH,carbon input; environmental indicators; greenhouse gas; greenhouse effect; river,China,N 24° 29' - 28° 53' ,E 100° 57' - 104° 38',,NA,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,47.3 x 10^4 km2,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,NA,NA,One campaign,"CO2, CH4","~1.16 mmol CO2  m-2 h-1
~0.00107 mmol CH4  m-2 h-1","~2.16 mmol CO2  m-2 h-1
~0.0021 mmol CH4  m-2 h-1","~2.04 mmol CO2  m-2 h-1
~0.0006075 mmol CH4 m-2 h-1",Water,Punctuated (calculated from dissolved gas concentrations),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"Water pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, alkanility, termperature, DO, dissolved total N, dissolved inoranic C, dissolved total P. Air temperature and atmospheric pressure. Solar radiation intensity",Diffusive CO2 fluxes in medium level compared with other major rivers in the world. CH4 flux was at a low level. ,"CO2 flux had a positive correlation with p(CO2), wind speed, and a negative correlation with DO, Chl-a, and DOC. 
Wind would enhance the diffusion of CO2.
CH4 flux showed a positive correlation with p(CH4), wind speed, water temperature, and a negative correlation with CHl-1 and alkalinity. ",NA,Multiple sampling points along Jinsha River downstream of dam
DAM_GHG_175,"Zhao, Y; Wu, BF; Zeng, Y",Spatial and temporal patterns of greenhouse gas emissions from Three Gorges Reservoir of China,2013,BIOGEOSCIENCES,,China,,,,"Climate is subtropical monsoon, with a mean annual temperature 18°Annual rainfall is 1100m and occurs mainly from May to September.",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,58000 km2,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,NA,1084 km2,"11 months, monthly sampling campaigns","CH4, CO2, N2O","CO2 fluxes at the mainstem sites were ~121.88 mmol m-2 d-1.  
CH4 emission from the mainstrem sites was ~ 1.65 mmol m-2 d-1  ","CO2 fluxes from downstream the dam were ~123 mmol m-2 d-1.
CH4 emissions downstream were ~0.45 mmol m-2 d-1","Upstream CO2 fluxes were ~87.92 mmol m-2 d-1.
Upstream CH4 fluxes were 3.6 mmol m-2 d-1",Water,"Punctuated (chamber discrete samples at 0, 10 and 20 min, concetrations determined via gas chromatography)",NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"DO, secchi disk depth, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total organic carbon",The tributary areas have lower CO2 fluxes than the main storage. CH4 fluxes in the tributaries and upper reach mainstream sites are relatively higher. ,"Well0oxygenated deep water and high water velocity may contribute to the lower CH2 emissions here than most new reservoirs. The high load of labile soil carbon through erosion may contributed to CO2 fluxes higher than most temperatre systems, but lower than tropical reservoirs. ",NA,Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River
DAM_GHG_177,"Bastien, J; Demarty, M; Tremblay, A","CO2 and CH4 diffusive and degassing emissions from 2003 to 2009 at Eastmain 1 hydroelectric reservoir, Quebec, Canada",2011,INLAND WATERS,aquatic GHG emissions; carbon dioxide; continuous measurement; gas concentration in water; greenhouse gas (GHG); methane; static floating chamber,"Quebec, Canada",52°N,,,Not given,Field,Running,Downstream of dam,Not given,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power generation,NA,603 km2,"In situ chamber measurements: 7 years, 10 campaigns
In situ dissolved gas concentrations: 5 years, 10 campaigns
Continuous automated dissolved gas concentrations: 3 years","CO2, CH4",Mean summer diffusive flux from reservoir was ~4928.5 mg CO2 m-1 d-1 (over 4 years) and ~4.875 mg CH4 m-2 d-1.,NA,Mean summer diffusive flux from reference lakes was ~1051.67 mg CO2 m-2 d-1 and ~ 1.6 mg CH4 m-2 d-1,Water,"Continuous floating chamber (7 min);
Dissolved gas concentrations
",NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,Not given,"The highest gross CO2 and CH4 summer daily diffusive emissions at the reservoir were observed the first year after flooding and decreased over time, but are still higher than in the natural lakes 3 years after flooding. Overall, diffusive emissions represetn 90% of total annual emissions, CO2 degassing represents 8%. Diffusive and degassing CH4 emissions represetn <2% of total emissions in CO2 equivalent. 
Diffusive CO2 emissions from the whole reservoir area decreased from 758000 to 689000 T CO2 y-1 after flooding, and CH4 emissions decreased from 410 to 290 T CH4 y-1. ","CH4 does not acucmulate during winter in the reservoir, likely due to lower CH4 production associated with colder water temperatures. CO2 concentration is at its maximum in the spring as a result of CO2 accumulation under the ice cover. There was no clear spatial variation in GHG fluxes between the types of flooded environments. Also no relation between water column depths",NA,EM1 reservoir mean residence time 2.3 months and mean daily water flow is 600 m3 s-1
DAM_GHG_181,"Harmon, TC",Carbon gas flux to and from inland waters: support for a global observation network,2020,LIMNOLOGY,Mass transfer; Carbon budget; Freshwater ecosystems; Greenhouse gas,Global,,,,NA,Review-conceptual,"Running, dry, pools (reservoirs)",Various,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"CO2, CH4",NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Significantly higher gas efflux from streams compared to rivers. INtermittent streams have recently been identified as potentially large gas sources. Reservoir emissions can come from initial flooding, reservoir drawdown, reservoir body, downstream emissions. ",NA,Review methods of point scale flux calculations based on dissolved CO2 concentrations and chamber accumulations methods,Section about GHGs and reservoirs
DAM_GHG_187,"Chanudet, V; Gaillard, J; Lambelain, J; Demarty, M; Descloux, S; Felix-Faure, J; Poirel, A; Dambrine, E",Emission of greenhouse gases from French temperate hydropower reservoirs,2020,AQUATIC SCIENCES,Methane; Carbon dioxide; Hydropower; Temperate reservoir; Diffusion; Bubbling,French,,,,Various,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,Various,NA,NA,Hydroelectric reservoirs (11),Various,Various,3 campaigns (7 months),"CO2, CH4","Diffusive CO2 fluxes from the reservoir were between -27 and 36 kgC d-1 and -6 and 17 kgC d-1 for two alpine reservoirs. 
For the Run of the River reservoirs, CO2 emissions were 163-355, 4-143 and 11-21 kgC d-1. 
CH4 emissions in the alpine reservoirs was <0.1 mmol m-2 d-1.
","Downstream fluxes at the alpine reservoirs was 1.9 and 7.9 kgC d-1. 
CH4 flux downstream of the alpine reservoir was close to 0. 
Downtream CH4 for the run of the river reservoirs was 20.3, 3.6. and 1.6 kgC. 
CH2 fluxes from downstream of storage reservoirs was low <7.7 kgC d-1. ",NA,Water,Continuous (opaque floating chamber with 10 minute measuring time),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, and turbidity profiles
Phosphorus concentration","In all reservoirs, higher fluxes were measured in the summer than in the spring and winter. Low fluxes were measured in alpine reservoirs compared to run of the river and storage reservoirs. Bubbling was higher in the ROR reservoirs compared to storage reservoirs.","Low fluxes in alpine reservoirs likely due to low temperatures and low OM input from the watershed. 
Bubbling was higher in the ROR reservoirs,  likely due to higher ration between length of wooded river network in the watershet and the reservoir surface area. ",NA,"Downstream fluxes estimated from reservoir and tributary fluxes.
Fluxes reported in kgC d-1 for reservoir and tCy-1 for dowsntream, not on per area basis. "
DAM_GHG_247,"Forsberg, BR; Melack, JM; Dunne, T; Barthem, RB; Goulding, M; Paiva, RCD; Sorribas, MV; Silva, UL; Weisser, S",The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems,2017,PLOS ONE,,Bolivia/Peru,,,,,Field-estimations,Running,Downstream of dam,"486,000km2 (all tributaries)",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power,NA,NA,NA,NA,Total CO2 equivalent carbon emission for 4 proposed Andean dams is expected to average 10Tg y-1 during the first 30 years of operation. ,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Reservoirs are expected to receive high concentrations of nutrients from tributaries and inundate extensive areas of terrestrial vegetation. As other nutrient-rich tropical reservoirs they are expected to be productive and generate significant quantities of GHGs both above and below their dams. ,,NA,Predictions of CO2 emissions from six proposed hydroelectric dams on major tributaries draining the Andean highlands. GHG information only for 4 proposed dams. 
DAM_GHG_277,"Yang, L",Contrasting methane emissions from upstream and downstream rivers and their associated subtropical reservoir in eastern China,2019,SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,,China,"118°42′–118°59′E,",29°28′–29°58′N,,"Mean annual air temperature, precipitation and evaporation are 17.7C, 2015.1 mm, and 712.9 mm. ",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,NA,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power,1.78 x 10^10 m3,580 km2,"12 campaigns (1 year) for floating chambers. 
21 campaigns (16 months) for bubbles emissions. ",CH4,Fluxes were lowest from the main reservoir 0.082 mg CH4 m-2 h-1,Emissions from the downstream river were 0.49 mg CH4 m-2 h-1. ,Fluxes were highest from the upstream river 3.65 mg CH4 m-2 h-1,Water,"Punctuated (floating chamber every 7 minutes from 21 minutes, analyzed on GC)",NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Air and water temperature, wind speed","No seasonal variation in CH4 emissions from the main reservoir.CH4 emissions in upstream river were higher in the autumn/winter than spring/summer. Upstream emissions exhibited disproportionately high ebullitivie CH4 emissions.   There was spatial variability in CH4 emissions, where fluxes were highest from the upstream river and lowest in the main resercour, and in between from the downstream river. Higher emissions from dowstream river than reservoir surface are likely because of CH4 released from the hypolimnion layer of the reservoir because that's where the water inlets of the turbines are located.  Inflow rivers are hot spots in bubble CH4 emissions. ",CH4 flux from the reservoir was positively correlated with wind speed and air-water temperature difference. Wheras CH4 flux from the downstream river was positively correlated with the air-water temperature differense,NA,Xin’anjiang Reservoir.
DAM_GHG_284,"Yang, DX; Mao, XF; Wei, XY; Tao, YQ; Zhang, ZF; Ma, JH","Water-Air Interface Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) Emissions Were Amplified by Continuous Dams in an Urban River in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China",2020,WATER,amplification effect; cumulative effects; continuous dams; GHGs; river,China,"36° 28' 15"" to 36° 39' 01"" N","101° 33' 20"" to 101° 43' 55"" E",,Average temperatures in the summer and autumn were 20.3-30.8 and 9.6-17.3C respectively.,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,NA,NA,NA,Urban flood control (4 continuous dams),NA,,10 campaigns (12 months),"CH4, CO2, N2O","Average emission flux in the dam area is 
CO2 926.3 mg m-2 d-1, 
CH4 2125.4 ug m-2 d-1 and 
N2O 667.7 ug m-2 -2.
",NA,"Correspondingly, the average emission flux in the upstream area is 
CO2 462.4 mg m-2 d-1, 
CH4 250.5 ug m-2 d-1 and 
N2O100.3 ug m-2 d-1.   ",Water,Punctuated (Static chamber sampled every 15 minutes for 45 minutes),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Chamber air temperature, atmospheric temperature, surface water temperature, pH, salinity. ","Cascade dams presented an amplifying effect on GHG emissions from the water-air interface. The average GHG emissions in some dams are higher than that of the first dam, indicating an amplying effect accumulated by some continuous dams. ","Electrical conductivity, pH, water and wair temperature and totdal dissolved solids were found to be the principle influencing factors of GHG emissions. Light intensity water temperature, TOC (plant), TN (sediment), and TOC (Sediment were associted with assumulative changes in GHG emission. ",NA,Huochaogou River
DAM_GHG_299,"Li, SY; Zhang, QF","Partial pressure of CO2 and CO2 emission in a monsoon-driven hydroelectric reservoir (Danjiangkou Reservoir), China",2014,ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING,CO2 flux; Carbon emission; Greenhouse gas (GHG); Hydropower reservoir; Dissolved inorganic carbon; Carbon cycling,China,32° 36' - 33° 48' N,110° 59' - 111° 49' E,,"Northern subtropical monsoom climate. The annual mean temperature is 15-17C. The average precipitation is 800-1400mm with large intra and inter annual varibility, and 80-90% of which fall during May-Oct.  ",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,"95,000 km2",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power ,17.45 - 29.05 billion m3, 745 - 1050 km2,21 campaigns (7 years),CO2,Estimated CO2 flux from the reservoir surface was 9 mmol m-2 d-1. The annual flux rate from the reservoir was 3.4 x 10^9 mol C y-1,"Estimated CO2 flux from the river downstream the dam was 119 mmol m-2 d-1 from the river downstream the dam ,",NA,Water,Punctuated (estimated from dissolved CO2 concentration),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"Water temperature, pH, DO, oxidation-reduction potential, electrical conductivity, turbidity, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, total suspended solids, alkalinity, total phosphorus, major anions and cations","Velocity normalized N2O fluxes the first 40 km below the dam below the dam were higher than from the river upstream of the dam, indicating the presence of an additional source of N2O below the dam. 
Taking into account the gas transfer velocity, which is lower at the reservoir surface, emissions were higher at the reservoir surface than the river upstream and downstream",NA,"Significant spatial and temporal variations in dissolved CO2 concentrations. Namely, higher concentrations in the wet and warm seasons, and higher concentration in the river below the dam. Seasonality was controlled by monsoon rainfall. Dissolved CO2 had strong positive correlations with Si and P, TOC and DOC, and negative correlations with DO saturation, TN and Chla","CO2 estimated from dissolved CO2 concentration in water, Dangjiankou Reservoir. "
DAM_GHG_315,"Guerin, F; Abril, G; Tremblay, A; Delmas, R",Nitrous oxide emissions from tropical hydroelectric reservoirs,2008,GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,,French Guiana and Panama,"Petit Saut: 05°13'W
Fortuna: 08°45'N","Petit Saut: 53°03'W
Fortuna: 82°11'W",,"Petit Saut: air temperature 26C and 2965 mm precipitation. 
Fortuna: air temperature 23C and 4380 mm precipitation. ",Field,Running,"Upstream and downstream of dam, and forests","Petit Saut: 6900 km2
Fortuna: 1995 km2",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power ,"Petit Saut: 3.5 km3
Fortuna: 0.17 km3","Petit Saut:300 km2
Fortuna: 10 km2",2 campaigns (7 months) (wet and dry season),N2O,Annual average N2O flux from reservoir surfaces was ~ 110.833 umol m-2 d-1,Downstream of the dams 133.34 umol m-2 d-1 <40km downstream of the dam and 106.67 m-2 d-1 >40 km downstream,96.67 umol m-2 d-1 upstream of the dam,Water,Continuous (chamber with 10 min FTIR),,,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,NA,NA,Petit Saut (French Guiana) and Fortuna (Panama)
DAM_GHG_335,"Nakayam, T; Pelletier, GJ",Impact of global major reservoirs on carbon cycle changes by using an advanced eco-hydrologic and biogeochemical coupling model,2018,ECOLOGICAL MODELLING,Reservoirs; Biogeochemical cycle; Eco-hydrology; Coupling model,Global,,,,NA,Model estimation,Assumed running,Downstream of dam,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,Their model showed differences in horizontal C transport and vertical fluxes in the presence of reservoirs and without. Land carbon sink also decreases more with presence of reservoirs than without. Simulated degassing above water without dam 0.79 PgC y-1 and with dam 0.87PgC y-1. ,NA,NA,82 major reservoirs created by dams
DAM_GHG_348,"Gomez-Gener, L; Gubau, M; von Schiller, D; Marce, R; Obrador, B",Effect of small water retention structures on diffusive CO2 and CH4 emissions along a highly impounded river,2018,INLAND WATERS,carbon dioxide; dam; discontinuum; fluvial network; fragmentation; greenhouse gas emissions; impoundment; methane; regulation,Spain,,,,Mediterranean. Mean monthly air temperatures range from 6C in January to 26C in July. Mean annual precipitation is 660mm with most rainfall occurring in autumn and spring. ,Field,"Running, stagnant","Upstream and downstream of dam, and forests",990km2,"Not mentioned, but known from other studies that parts of FLuvia River dry during the summer drought period","Not mentioned, but known from other studies that Fluvia River is intermittent due to climate and damming",61 small water retention stuctures,"10,000m3 to 120,000 m3
",0.1 to 9.6 ha,"3 campaigns (8 months) (spring, summer, winter)","CO2, CH4","Impounded river: 17.7 and 0.67 mmol m-2 d-1 for CO2 and CH4, respectively. 
",,Free-flowing river: 230.6 and 2.14 mmol m-2 d-1 for CO2 and CH4 respectively.,Water,Continuous (infrared gas analyzer and opaque chamber for 5-10 minutes). CH4 estimated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,,"Water temperature, conductivity, DOC, TDN","CO2 and CH4 emission rates were higher from free flowing than impounded river sections. CH2 concntration was higher in impounded rivers, but not sufficient to increase efflux. ","Reduced turbulence in impounded river sections was attirbuted to be the cause of lower emission rates. Most influential predictors impounded water CO2 concentration were surface area, water residence time, electrical conductivity, and alkalinity. And for CH4 concentration: surface water, residence time, total dissolved N, DOC, water temperature, chlorophyll a. ",NA,Fluvia river
DAM_GHG_368,"Zuijdgeest, A; Wehrli, B",Carbon and nutrient fluxes from floodplains and reservoirs in the Zambezi basin,2017,CHEMICAL GEOLOGY,Dam impacts; Floodplain; Zambezi; Carbon; Nutrients; Budgets,Zambia,,,,NA,Synthesis,Running,Various,Various,NA,NA,Various,Various,Various,Various,"CO2, CH4","CO2 emissions from the reservoir surface were 141 mg C m-2 d-1
CH2 emissions from reservoir surface were 45 mg C m-2 d-1. ",Not provided clearly (may be included in reservoir estimate...),,Water,Continuous (CO2 sensor),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"POC, PN, PP, DOC, DON, DOP, SPM
Water temperature, conductivity, pH, DO, DOM, turbidity","Budget indicated small overall CO2 uptake by Lake Kariba, and a flux of CH4 from the reservoir to the atmosphere. ",NA,NA,"
Zambezi catchment"
DAM_GHG_389,"Kemenes, A; Forsberg, BR; Melack, JM","Downstream emissions of CH4 and CO2 from hydroelectric reservoirs (Tucurui, Samuel, and Curua-Una) in the Amazon basin",2016,INLAND WATERS,Amazon reservoirs; carbon dioxide; downstream emission; hydroelectric dams; methane,Brazil,,,,Distinct dry and wet seasons,Field,Running,Downstream of dam,NA,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power,NA,1850 km2 (Tucurui) 550km2 (Samuel) 70km2 (Curua-Una),4 campaigns (21 months),"CO2, CH4",Not provided,"Average C emissions below the three dams was 13.2, 19.8 and 1020 mg m-2 d-1.  ",,Water,Punctuated (4 syringe samples at 5-min intervals),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Temperature and DO depth profiles, secchi depth, turbine discharge, reservoir stage, rainfall",About 50% of the CH4 and 30% of the CO2 emitted downstream of the dame were liberated at the turbine outflow. ,"The lowest values occured in the rainy season (Jan, Mar, Apr) and higher values occurred in the dry season (Jun, Jul, Aug). ",NA,"Tucurui, Samuel and Curua-Una reservoirs"
DAM_GHG_408,"Guerin, F; Abril, G; Richard, S; Burban, B; Reynouard, C; Seyler, P; Delmas, R",Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from tropical reservoirs: Significance of downstream rivers,2006,GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,,French Guiana and Brazil,"Guiana: 05°04'N
Brazil: 
01°55'S
08°44'S","Guiana: 53°03'W
Brazil: 
59°28'W
63°30'W",,"French Guiana average air temperature 25.7C and average annual precipitation 2965 mm. 
Brazil, 27.3 to 28.8 C and annual precipitation 2740-2280 mm",Field,Running,Downstream of dam,"Petit Saut: 6900 km2
Balbina: 70600 km2
Samuel: 29700 km2",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power,"Petit Saut:  3.5 km3
Balbina: 17.5 km3
Samuel:  4.5 km3","Petit Saut: 270-365 km2 
Balbina: 1560-2360 km2 
Samuel: 280-559 km2","Petit Saut: 4 campaigns (2 years) 
Brazil: 1 campaign","CO2, CH4","Reservoir emissions were 3 mmol m-2d-1 and 254 mmol m-2d-1 for CH4 and CO2 respectively. 
",Downstream river emissions were 60 and 859 mmol m-2d-1 for CH4 and CO2 respectively,,Water,"Punctuated (CO2 estimated from concentration, and CH4 floating chamber)",NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Temperature, DO, ",Rivers dosntreams of dams were significantly enrighed in CH4 and CO2 originating from reservoir hypolimnions. ,CH4 emissions were high just downstream of the dams and concentrations decreased along the longitudinal transects in the rivers. The decreases in CO2 concnetrations with downstance downstream was much slower for CO2 than CH4. No consistent seasonal trends were observed for either gas emission in the reservoirs. ,NA,"CO2 was estimated from CH4 fluxes. Petit Saut reservoi (French Guiana), Balbina reservoir (Brazil), Samuel reservoir (Brazil)"
DAM_GHG_460,"Cheng, F; Zhang, HM; Zhang, GL; Liu, SM; Song, GD; Du, GX",Distribution and emission of N2O in the largest river-reservoir system along the Yellow River,2019,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,Yellow River; Xiaolangdi Reservoir; N2O emission; Damming; Water/sediment regulation scheme,China,,,,"Wet season in August to October, November to July is dry season",Field-lab,Running (low and high water levels),"Upstream and downstream of dam, and forests",5730 km2,NA,NA,"Flood-prevention, water-use, scouring og the elevated river bed of the lower river",NA,272.3 km2,"6 months, 2 campaigns",N2O,N2O emission rate from reservoir surface waters was ~14.14 umol m-2 d-1 in June and ~17.99 umol m-2 d-1 in december,N2O emission from downstream river was ~11.82 umol m-2 d-1 in June and ~3.78 umol m-2 d-1 in December ,N2O emission from upstream river was ~51.81 umol m-2 d-1 in June and ~6.2 umol m-2 d-1 in December,Water,Punctuated (estimated from concentration),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Water temperature, salinity, DO, conductivity, depth, concentration of dissolved ammonium, nitrite, nitrate. ","N2O concentration decreased downstream towards the dam in the summer, but increased in the winter. The construction of dams increased N2O emisssion from the lower reaches due to the dischatge of the botom water and the water and sediment regulation, respectively. ","DO, water temperature and in situ biological production were the main factors affecting the distriution of N2O. ",NA,Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the Yellow River. N2O concentration measured (flux estimated)
DAM_GHG_467,"Domysheva, VM; Ivanov, VG; Panchenko, MV; Pestunov, DA",Assessment of the spatial distribution of the direction of greenhouse gas fluxes at the Krasnoyarsk water reservoir in the warm season of 2017,2018,24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEAN OPTICS: ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS,Yenisei; water reservoir; carbon dioxide; methane; partial pressure; gas exchange,Russia,,,,NA,Field,Running,Downstream of dam (increasing distance),NA,NA,NA,Hydropower plant,NA,2000 km2,"3 campaigns, 3 months","CO2, CH4",Do not report actual flux rates,,,Water,Continuous (LiCOR),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,Water temperature,Significant dynamics were observed in the spatial distribution of the amplitude and direction of CO2 fluxes at the reservoir in the summer-fall. In June and August the reservoirs was a sink of CO2 along the reservoirs and dosnstream of the dam. In September the entire reservoir was mostly a source of CO2. ,NA,NA,Fluxes estimated. Krasniyarsk Reservoir (1960) in Yenisei River
DAM_GHG_491,"Huang, W; Liu, XB; Peng, WQ; Wu, LX; Yano, S; Zhang, JM; Zhao, F",Periphyton and ecosystem metabolism as indicators of river ecosystem response to environmental flow restoration in a flow-reduced river,2018,ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS,Environmental flow; Periphyton; River metabolism; Flow reduced river,Japan,,,,,Field-metabolism,Running,"Upstream and downstream of dam, pre and post restoration conditions",,NA,NA,River has 3 multi-purpose dams for flood control and hydropower generation,"59,300,000 m3 and 54,600,000 m3",NA,,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,"GPP, ecosystem respiration",Periphyton biomass,"Water temperature, conductivity, tubidity, pH, total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phsophorus, depth, velocity",NA,NA,"Elevated environmental flow increased GPP and ER by 43 and 53%, respectively. GPP was significantly higher at the post-restoration site. River energy was autotrophic below the dams and heterotrophic above the dams. ","Ohyma River, first order tributary"
DAM_GHG_533,"Li, S; Wang, FS; Zhou, T; Cheng, TY; Wang, BL","Carbon dioxide emissions from cascade hydropower reservoirs along the Wujiang River, China",2018,INLAND WATERS,cascade reservoirs; carbon dioxide emission; hydraulic retention time; Wujiang River basin,China,26°07' ~ 30° 22' N,104° 18' ~109° 22' E,760 - 1140 m,The average annual temperature is 14°C and the annual average rainfall is 1195 mm *occuring mostly in the summer and spring) ,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dams,"9900 to 27,790 km2 (mean: 19,428)",NA,NA,Cascade hydropower reservoir (4 study reservoirs),2.0 to 49.5 10^8 m3 (mean: 21.2),NA,9 months (4 campaigns),CO2,"Flux from the reservoirs was 19.45 mmol CO2 m-2 d-1. 

",Flux from downstream of the dams was 373.1 mmol m-2 d-1,The average CO2 flux from the rivers to the atmosphere was 271.85 mmol CO2 m-2 d-1,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"Water temperature, pH, DO, major cations/anions","CO2 emissions gradually decreased along the riverine, ransition, lacustrine gradient in the reservoir suface (likely due to retention time and light)
They found that reservoirs with shorter retiontion time had higher CO2 emissions. 
In summer, CO2 flux from lacustrine zone was low, but high downstream of the dam and in the riverine zone. In the winter, CO2 flux from the lacustrine zone was high. ","Relative depth and hydraulic retention time were important characteristics as they determine the horizontal water quality differentiations including nutrient concentrations and relative importance of inputs of inroganic and organic matter. Reservoirs with short HRT retianed characterisitcs of river, reservoirs with long HRT developed seasonal thermal stratification and conditions  favouring primary production. ",NA,Emissions estimated from water concentration of CO2. Coordinated from paper. Wujiang River
DAM_GHG_589,"Sawakuchi, HO; Bastviken, D; Sawakuchi, AO; Krusche, AV; Ballester, MVR; Richey, JE",Methane emissions from Amazonian Rivers and their contribution to the global methane budget,2014,GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY,Amazon; CH4; ebullition; greenhouse gas; methane flux; natural emission; tropical rivers,Brazil,2°0' S,56°0 W,,"Weather characterized by high temperatures with low variations throughout the year, divided into wet and dry seasons. Monsoon precipitation results in large variations in water levels",Field,Running (low and high water levels),Dam impacted network,6 million km2,NA,NA,,,,6 months (3 campaigns),CH4,Average CH4 flux rate ranged from 0.01 to 40.3 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1 and an overall average of 40.3 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1,,,Water,Punctuated,,,,,,,,,"Air temperature, atmospheric pressure, windspeed.
Water temperature.
Sediment class",Diffusive fluxes accounted for 66% of total CH4 emissions. Observed significant variability in CH4 fluxes among rivers (0.04 to 6.0 nnol m-2 d-1). ,Observed significant differences in CH4 flux rate across sites with different sediment types--significantly higher total fluxes observed in sites with mud in riverbed sediments. Clear water rivers had significantly higher total fluxes compared to white and black water rivers. They observed significantly higher emissions during low water,,"Amazon River tributaries, dam impacted network. (No headwaters sampled). Coordinates from map in paper"
DAM_GHG_596,"Beaulieu, JJ; Shuster, WD; Rebholz, JA","Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Large, Impounded River: The Ohio River",2010,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,,"Ohio, USA",39° 5.05' N,54°30.858' W,,,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,"508,202 km2",,,20 dams along river to maintain minimum water depth for barge traffic. Focused on one reservoir: Markland Pool,Unknown,Unknown,13 months (biweekly campaigns),N2O,N2O emission rates were low upstream of the city's WWTP (12.2 ug N2O-N m-2 h-1) and peaked downstream of the WWTP (84.5 uh N2o-N m-2 h-1). ,,,Water,Punctuated,N2O,"Sediment core incubation N2O flux rates ranged from 0.2 - 15.8 ug N2O-N m-2 h-1.
Water column N2O flux rates ranged from -5 to 244 uh N2O-N m-2 h-1, where the highest rates occured with high NH4 concentration and N2O emission rates downstream of the WWTP outfall. ",,,Sediment and water (separately),Punctuated,NA,NA,"Sediment NH4, NO3, carbon","N2O dynamics in large temperate rivers may be characterized by strong seasonal cycles and production in the pelagic zone. Maximum N2O emissions occured downstream of a major urban centre (Cincinnati, Ohio) due to WWTP effluent. Water column production rates of N2O were nearly double those of sediments. Emissions exhibited a stron seasonality with the highest rates observed during the summer and lowest during the winter.","N2O emission rates were positively related to N2O saturation levels. and were high in the summer, fell through the fall to near equilibrium values in winter, and rose during spring to high levels in the summer. 
Microbial N2O production are likely controlled by water temperature. 
Sediment incubation N2O emissions were positively related to sediment organic matter content. ",70% of seasonal variation in N2O saturation was explained by water temperature. ,"Large, nitrogen enriched Ohio River. 48% of catchment area is agricultural land. Markland pool 0.4 km wide, 6-14m depth, 2371 m3 s-1 mean discharge. Coorinated from Google, Ohio River at Cincinatti (which is the rough middle of the Markland Pool)"
DAM_GHG_648,"Teodoru, CR; Nyoni, FC; Borges, AV; Darchambeau, F; Nyambe, I; Bouillon, S","Dynamics of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) along the Zambezi River and major tributaries, and their importance in the riverine carbon budget",2015,BIOGEOSCIENCES,,Africa,11.370° S,024.308° E,1450 m (at source),Humid subtropical climate. 2 main seasons: rainy (Oct-May) and Dry (May-Oct). Annual rainfall across the river basin is 940 mm. Varies from 400 mm in the south/southwest to more than 1400 mm in the north. About 95% of annual rainfall occurs in the rainy season. ,Field,Running,Dam impacted network (56 sites),1.4 million km2,NA,NA,"2 major impoundments, plus 2 smaller reservoirs. Hydroelectric power and water storage","Kariba Reservoir: 157 km3 
Cahora Bassa Reservoir: 52km3 
Kafue Gorge Reservoir: 1 km3 
Itezhi Tezhi Reservoir: 6 km3 ","Kariba Reservoir: 5364 km2
Cahora Bassa Reservoir:  2675 km2
Kafue Gorge Reservoir:  13km2
Itezhi Tezhi Reservoir: 365 km2",2 years (3 campaigns),"CH4, CO2",Overall mean CO2 fluxes of the Zambezi river were 3380 mg C m-2 d-1 and CH4 fluxes were 48.5 mg C m-2 d-1.,,,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,"Pelagic community respiration, particulate primary production",NA,"Water temperature, DO, conductivity, pH, stable isotope composition of DIC, total alkalinity, 
Air temperature, barometric temperature, humidity, wind speed",The Zambezi River and its tributaries were net sources of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere. ,"CO2 fluxes were generally lower in the dry season, CH4 fluxes were generally higher in the wet season. The highest CO2 fluxes were found mostly downstream of wetlands and floodplains. ",NA,"Mainstem and high-rder tributaries, no headwaters sampled. Coordinated from the paper (river origin). Average annual discharge is 3424-4134 m3 s-1. Kariba Reservoir completed in 1959 and Cahora Bassa in 1974. No N2O fluxes, only dissolved concentrations. "
DAM_GHG_667,"Shi, WQ; Chen, QW; Zhang, JY; Liu, DS; Yi, QT; Chen, YC; Ma, HH; Hu, LM",Nitrous oxide emissions from cascade hydropower reservoirs in the upper Mekong River,2020,WATER RESEARCH,Nitrous oxide; Mekong river; Cascade reservoirs; Denitrification; Elevation,China,,,,,Field-lab,Running,"Upstream and downstream of dams, and control/reference river",,NA,NA,Cascade hydroelectric power (6 dams in Upper Mekong basin),3.5-237.0 10^8 m3 (mean: 67.3),NA,1 year (2 campaigns),NA,NA,,,NA,NA,N2O,N2O flux rate was 1.08 ug m-2 h-1 in the reservoir. N2O fluxes in the adjacent unregulated river were 0.72-1.02 ug m-2 h-1,,N2O flux rate was 0.47 ug m-2 h-1 in the upstream channel,Both,Punctuated,NA,Microbial abundance in sediment,"Sediment total nitrogen, organic carbon, grain size","N2O emissions were increased by dam construction, as N2O emissions exhibited an increaseing trend along the flow direction in the cascade reservoirs. ","Higher N2O emissions in reservoir likely due to sediment accumulatiion supplying sufficient nitrogen substrated and organic carbon.
As elevation decreased, increased temperature enhanced microbial denitrification, and thereby N2O production with the prolonged residence time. ",Sediment denitrifiers were abundant in the downstream cascade reservoirs but scarce in the upstream channel. ,"Upper Mekong river, heavily dammed. Sediment denitrification assays for N2O (denitrification potential)"
DAM_GHG_668,"GalyLacaux, C; Delmas, R; Jambert, C; Dumestre, JF; Labroue, L; Richard, S; Gosse, P",Gaseous emissions and oxygen consumption in hydroelectric dams: A case study in French Guyana,1997,GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES,,French Guiana,,,,,Field,Running,In reservoir and downstream of dam,"760,000 km2",NA,NA,Hydroelectric power  ,3.5 x 10^9 m3,NA,2 years (7 campaigns),"CO2, CH4","Mean CH4 flux rate after inundation of the reservoir was 0.005 g m-2 h-1, and increased to 0.048 about a year later, before descending back to post-inundation levels (0.004).
Mean CO2 flux rates increased after inundation of the reservoir from 0.054 g CO2 m-2 h-1 to 0.427 one year later. 
",CH4 flux downstream of the dam increased from 1.5 1 km from the dam to 4.0 mg m-2 hr-1 at 4 km downsstream of the dam. and then declined to 0 at 30 km from the dam. Unclear when these values are from,,Water,Punctuated,CH4,Potential methane consumption was relatively stable between 0 and 2 m (6 mg L01 h01). Then peaked at the oxycline level of 2.5m (11.6 mg L-1 hr-1 and then declined to 0 at 3m depth. ,,,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,"Water condictivity, pH, redox potential, and temperature, hydrogen sulfide, DO","Diffusion at the air-water interface was dominantduring the first year of reservoir filling, then greatly reduced because of biological oxidation. Most of the emissions afterwards were from degassing trubined water and gas bubbles.
Methane concentrations in the water column increased over time, 2 years after inundation. Maximum emissions of 800 t CH4 per day were reached in February 1995. About 10% of the carbon stored in soil and vegetation was released in gaseous form.",NA,NA,"Petit Saut dam on Sinnamary River, Reservoir filled in 1994"
DAM_GHG_727,"McGinnis, DF; Bilsley, N; Schmidt, M; Fietzek, P; Bodmer, P; Premke, K; Lorke, A; Flury, S",Deconstructing Methane Emissions from a Small Northern European River: Hydrodynamics and Temperature as Key Drivers,2016,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,,Germany,,,,,Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dams,726 km2,NA,NA,"Hydropower, 2 upstream dams (Raisdorf 1 and 2)",NA,NA,"2 years (2 campaigns, 2 days and 4 days each)",CH4,Average CH4 exported at the dam is 6.6 kg d-1.Average CH4 flux from river were 320mg CH4 m-2 d-1. ,Total mean emission of 40 kd d-1 from the investigated reach (including dam? and downstream of dam). ,,Water and sediment,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Streamwater temperature, discharge","Found CH4 flux rates similar to tropical aquatic systems, driven by ebullition and water surface diffusive fluxes ","2 main drivers of CH4 fluxes: temperature driven sediment CH4 ebullition, and flow-dependent contribution suspected to be hydraulic exchange with adjacent wetlands. ",NA,Schleswig River. Catchment consists of 85% arable land. 2 upstream hydropower plants controlled discharge
DAM_GHG_735,"Liang, X; Xing, T; Li, JX; Wang, BL; Wang, FS; He, CQ; Hou, LJ; Li, SL",Control of the Hydraulic Load on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Cascade Reservoirs,2019,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,,China,26°07' - 30°22'N,104°18' - 109°22' E,,Subtropical monsoon humid climate. Annual average rainfall is 1100 mm and annual average temperature is 14.8°C,Field-lab,Running,Upstream and downstream of dams (8 dams along a river--7 on maainstem and 1 on tributary),8.03 x 10⌃4 km2,NA,NA,Hydroelectric power with bottom discharge. Series of reservoirs in a river.,Various,Various,1 year (6 campaigns),N2O,Average N2O flux from the reservoir was 7.73 umol m-2 d-1,Average N2O flux from downstream (released water) 18.24 umol m-2 d-1,Average N2O flux upstream (inflowing and tributary) was 12.35 umol m-2 d-1,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Water chlorophyll a,NA,"Water temperature, pH, DO, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, NO3-, NH4+",Nitrification was the main pathway of N2O production in the reservoirs. ,Seasonal dissolved oxygen stratification played an improtant role in regulating the N2O production. N2O flux had a significant logarithmic relationship with hydraulic load (ratio of mean water depth to residence time). Hydraulic load was a prerequisite for regulation nitrification/denitrification and DO stratification. ,NA,"Wujiang River, All 8 dams were constructed between 1958 and 2008. Flow rate during study ranged from 1.3-1.6 m3 s-1"
DAM_GHG_792,"Marzadri, A; Tonina, D; Bellin, A",Power law scaling model predicts N 2 O emissions along the Upper Mississippi River basin,2020,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,Nitrous oxide emissions; River network; Upper Mississippi River,USA,,,,,Model,Running,Upstream and downstream of dams,"167,754 km 2",NA,NA,Several dams and locks in network,Various,Various,Unclear,N2O,Not reported,,,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Water temperature, stream velocity, discharge, slope, channel width,  ",The water column plays an important role in contributing to N2O emissios in large rivers. ,"Water column had higher N2O emissions than hyporeic and benthic zones, likely due to microsites associated to the suspended particle lode that favour denitrification. ",NA,"Model to predict emissions . Validation case study: Mississippi river, using in-stream dissolved N2O concentrations"
DAM_GHG_793,"Zhu, D; Chen, H; Yuan, XZ; Wu, N; Gao, YH; Wu, Y; Zhang, YM; Peng, CH; Zhu, QA; Yang, G; Wu, JH",Nitrous oxide emissions from the surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir,2013,ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING,N2O emission; Nitrogen loading; Climate change; Hydroelectric dams,China,,,,"Humid subtropical climate with mean annual temperature of 15-19°C and mean annual precipitation of 1250 mm, and relative humidity of 76%",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,"58,000 km2",NA,NA,Electricity generation,NA,1080 km2,10 months (6 campaigns),N2O,"Annual N2O flux rate from the reservoir surface was 0.014 mg N2O m-2 h-1. 
",N2O emission rate from downstream immediately after the dam was 0.01 mg N2O m-2 h-1,,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Water temperature, total nitrogen","There was no significant spatial variation of N2O emissions from the reservoir. There was significant seasonal variation, with significantly higher fluxes in June, with the warm season acocunting for 86% of total annual fluxes.",N2O fluxes were significantly correlated with water surface temperature and total nitrogen in the water column.,NA,
DAM_GHG_822,"Kemenes, A; Forsberg, BR; Melack, JM","CO2 emissions from a tropical hydroelectric reservoir (Balbina, Brazil)",2011,JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES,,Brazil,,,,Average rainfall was 13.8 mm d-1 ruring the rainy period (Dec -May) and 7.6 mm d-1 in the dry season (June-Nov),Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,,NA,NA,Hydropower,NA,1770 km2,2 years and 5 months. Approx. monthly campaigns,CO2,"Average CO2 emission rate from reservoir surface was 3776 mg C m-2 d-1. 
",Average CO2 emissions from downstream river were 4790 mg C m-2 d-1,,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Water temperature, DO, secchi depth, pH, DOC, turbine discharge, reservoir stage height, rainfall, windspeed.","Upstream emissions were higher than downstream emissions (2450 to 81 Gg C). Upstream emissions were predominantly diffusive with only 0.02 Gg C yr-1 resulting from ebullition. On average, 51% of the downstream emissions were release by degassing at the turbine outflow. ","High CO2 emissions during late falling water period (Nov, Dec) may reflect an increase in bacterial respiration as the water column became shallower and warmer. There were significantly higher surface temperatures and CO2 concentrations during this period. ",NA,Balbina reservoir formed in 1987. Average depth of 10m and average water residence time of 12 months. 
DAM_GHG_847,"Meybeck, M",Global analysis of river systems: from Earth system controls to Anthropocene syndromes,2003,PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,global change syndromes; rivers; water resources; Anthropocene; chemical contamination,Global,,,,,Review,Unclear,NA,,,,,,,,"CO2, CH4, N2O",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DAM_GHG_849,"Yang, L; Lu, F; Wang, XK; Duan, XN; Song, WZ; Sun, BF; Zhang, QQ; Zhou, YJ",Spatial and seasonal variability of diffusive methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir,2013,JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES,spatial variation; temporal variation; water velocity; temperature,China,,,,"North subtropical zone with humid monsoonal climatic conditions. Annual mean temperature is 16.7-18.7°C and annual mean precipitation is 987-1326 mm, and relative humidity is 70%. ",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,1.00x10^6 km2,NA,NA,Electricity generation,NA,1084 km2,1 Year (1-2 campaigns per month),CH4,Average CH4 flux from the reservoir surface was 7.93 mg CH4 m-2 d-1,0.0741 mg CH4 m-2 h-1,0.3151 mg CH4 m-2 h-1,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Air temperature
Water temperature, water depth, DO, pH, turbidity, velocity, NO3-N, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TOC","CH4 emission rate reached maximum in the summer, and returned to low levels in the other seasons. The yearly average CH4 flux was higher at the upstream river compared to downstream before the reservoir. But CH4 emissions from downstream after the reservoir were significantly higher that from before the reservoir.   ","Variation in CH4 emissions reflected seasonal dynamics of temperature, DO, and water velocity. CH4 showed significant increase with increasing TOC and temperature, and decline with DO. CH4 emissions were also positivley correlated to water temperature and velocity. ",NA,"Flooded since 2003, Catchemtn area from Li et al 2017"
DAM_GHG_861,"Chen, H; Yuan, XZ; Chen, ZL; Wu, YY; Liu, XS; Zhu, D; Wu, N; Zhu, QA; Peng, CH; Li, WZ",Methane emissions from the surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir,2011,JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES,,China,E106°50' - E110°50',N29°16' - N°31 25',,Mean annual temperature of 15-19°C and mean annual precipitation of 1250mm. Relative humidity of 76%. ,Field,Running (different water levels),Upstream and downstream of dam,1.00x10^6 km2,NA,NA,Hydropower,"3.93 x 10^10 m3
",1084 km2,10 months (6 campaigns),CH4,Mean CH4 flux rate from reservoir surface was 0.26 mg CH4 m-2 h-1. Mean CH4 emissions from flooding drawdown area was 0.29 mg CH4 m-2 h-1. ,Mean CH4 flux from downstream was 0.24 mg CH4 m-2 h-1.,,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,Total carbon concentration of surface water,CH4 emission rates were higher in the winter than in the summer. No significant variation in CH4 emissions among sites. CH4 emissions were significantly higher in the winter than in the spring/summer. ,Significant non-linear relationship between total carbon and CH4 emissions,NA,"Three Gorges Reservoir. Dam information from Li et al 2017 (surface area, coordinated, volume)"
DAM_GHG_894,"Pearson, AJ; Pizzuto, JE; Vargas, R",Influence of run of river dams on floodplain sediments and carbon dynamics,2016,GEODERMA,Floodplain; Sediment respiration; Dams; Methane; Greenhouse gases; Stratigraphy; Geomorphology,"Delaware, USA",,,,Mean annual precipitation is 115.56 cm and mean annual temperature is 12.7°C,Field,Floodplain sediment (dry),Upstream and downstream of dam,140 km2,Unknown,Dam,"Originally mill for processing iron rods, now decomissioned",,,1 year (bi-weekly GHG measurements),"CO2, CH4","No reservoirs surface values, only upstream and downstream. Mean sediment CO2 flux was 2.12 umol CO2 m-2 s-1. Mean sediment CH4 flux was -0.22 nmol CH4 m-2 s-1","~2.114 umol m-2 s-1 CO2
~-0.11957 nmol m-2 s-1 CH4","~2.3611 umol m-2 s-1 CO2
~-0.16957 nmol m-2 s-1 CH4",Sediment,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,LItter biomass,"Sediment moisture, temperature. 
Sediment core bulk density, carbon, 
Stream discharge
Precipitation","Run-of-the=river dam promoted briek periods of sediment CH4 flux. No diferences in mean sediment CO2 fluxes among floodplains. All floodplains were annual net source of CO2, and sink for CH4. ",Sediment temperature was positively correlated with CO2 flux. Sediment temperature had no correlation with CH4 flux. Sediment moisture had no correlation with CO2 flux. Sediment moisture was correlated with CH4 flux. ,Run-of-the-river dam did not enhance floodplain sedimentation or carbon storage.,Red Clay Creek Watershed. Compared floodplains dammed and now un-dammed river
DAM_GHG_919,"Romero, E; Gamier, J; Billen, G; Peters, F; Lassaletta, L",Water management practices exacerbate nitrogen retention in Mediterranean catchments,2016,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,N retention; Water regulation; Reservoirs; Irrigation; Mediterranean climate; River basin,Spain,,,,,Review,Assumed running,Multiple catchments impacted by reservoirs,,,,,,,,N2O,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Not super relevant
DAM_GHG_957,"Li, S; Wang, FS; Luo, WY; Wang, YC; Deng, B","Carbon dioxide emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China",2017,ACTA GEOCHIMICA,CO2 emissions; Three Gorges Reservoir; River-type reservoir,China,E106°50' - E110°50',N29°16' - N°31 25',,"Mean annual temperature is 16.5 - 19 °C. Mean annual precipitation is 1100 mm, with 80% falling April - October. ",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam,1.00x10^6 km2,NA,NA,Hydropower,"3.93 x 10^10 m3
",1084 km2,1 year (monthly sampling campaigns),CO2,"CO2 flux rate from the mainstem ranged from 21.1 to 92.2 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, with an average of 50.0 
 The total CO2 flux was estimated to be 0.34 adn 0.03 Tg CO2/year from the mainstem and tributaries, respictively. ",,"CO2 fluxes from the tributary ranged from -10.9 to 53.5 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, with area-weighed average of 11.4.",Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,,"Water temperature, pH, HCO3","The mainstem emits CO2 to the atmosphere the whole year, while the surface water of the tributary can sometime act as a sink of CO2 for the atmosphere. ",NA,NA,CO2 flux estimated from CO2 concentration in water. Coordinated from paper. 
DAM_GHG_984,"Chester, H; Norris, R","Dams and flow in the Cotter River, Australia: Effects on instream trophic structure and benthic metabolism",2006,HYDROBIOLOGIA,metabolism; periphyton; macroinvertebrates; diet; environmental flows; stable isotopes,Australia,,,,"Average annual rainfall of 934 mm, most consistently in August to October.  ",Field-metabolism,Running,Reach (regulated and unregulated river),,NA,NA,Bendora Dam provides water for city of Canberra. Environmental flows,,,1 month,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,"Stable isotope analysis of invertebrates and their potential food, gut contents of invertebrates, benthic metabolism, chlorophyll a of periphyton, ","Macroinvertebrates, periphyton, detritus","Water quality, physical habitat variables",NA,NA,There was a shift towards production after the release of flow spikes. ,Regulated Cotter River and unregulated Goodradigbee River.
DAM_GHG_1001,"Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar; Guerin, Frederic; Labat, David; Pighini, Sylvie; Vongkhamsao, Axay; Guedant, Pierre; Rode, Wanidaporn; Godon, Arnaud; Chanudet, Vincent; Descloux, Stephane; Serca, Dominique","Low methane (CH4) emissions downstream of a monomictic subtropical hydroelectric reservoir (Nam Theun 2, Lao PDR)",2016,BIOGEOSCIENCES,GAS TRANSFER VELOCITIES; TROPICAL RESERVOIR; CARBON EMISSION; PETIT SAUT; WATER; OXIDATION; DAMS; CO2; DIOXIDE; LIGHT,Laos,,,,"Daily average temperature varies between 12°C and 30°C. Mean annual rainfall is 3400 mm, and occurs mainly in the warm wet season. ",Field,Running,Downstream of dam,,NA,NA,Power,3908 Mm3,min 168 to max 489 km2,4 years (weekly campaigns),CH4,Total CH4 emissions from the reservoir (average over 4 years) were 18.7575 Gg CH4 yr-1. not reported on a per aereal basis.,"Average diffusive flux downstream of the dam was 3.3 mmol m-2 d-1 in 2010, 1.9 in 2011 and 1.4 in 2012. 
10 km2 downstream of the dam, CH4 fluxes decreased to 1.14 mmol m-2 d-1 on average. 
Due to the low water discharge, degassing CH4 emissions below the dam reached a max of 0.1 Mg CH4 d-1. 
Diffusive fluxes below the poweerhouse was 198 mmol m-2 d-1 in 2010 and decreased over time. ",,Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,"Downstream emissions were dominated by degassing, which occurred mostly below the powerhouse. Overall downstream emissions decreased from 10 Gg Ch4 yr-1 to 2 Gg CH4 ye-1 4 years after impoundment.",NA,NA,Emissions estimated from concentrations. Filling of the reservoir began in 2008
DAM_GHG_1002,"Descloux, S; Chanudet, V; Serca, D; Guerin, F",Methane and nitrous oxide annual emissions from an old eutrophic temperate reservoir,2017,SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,Methane; Nitrous oxide; Diffusion; Ebullition; Degassing; Eguzon reservoir,France,,,,"Average annual temperature at the dam site was 10.4°C, and mean annual rainfall was 970 mm",Field,Running,Upstream and downstream of dam (23 sites),2400 km2,NA,NA,Power,57.3 hm3,2.7 km2,1 Year (monthly campaigns),"CH4, N2O","At the reservoir scale, monthly average flux was 1.04 mmol CH4 m-2 day -1. 
CH4 ebullition was only observed in September and October,
 At the reservoir scale, monthly average flux of 17.7 umol m-2 d-1. N2O","Downstream concentrations, or MgC, no fluxes report on a per aereal basis. ","CH4 flux rate was highest in June in farther upstream of dam : 15 mmol m-2 d-1. 
N2O flux rate was highest just upstream of dam in December at 60 mmol m-2 day -1.",Water,Punctuated,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,Chlorophyll a,NA,"Water temperature, DO, conductivity, pH, transparency, CH4, N2O, TOC, total alkalinity,phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium","CH4 and N2O emissions were dominated by diffusion from the reservoir surface. Ebullition was only observed for CH4. 
 ",Surface CH4 concentration and diffusive fluxes were correlated with PO43- in the reservoir. Ebulittion was linked to significant drop of water levels in September. ,NA,"Eguzon reservoir. Emissions estimated from concentrations. Average flow at dam is 31 m3 s-1 and minimum downstream environmental flow was 0.76 ,3 s01. Mean depth 18 m and mac depth is 58 m"
DAM_GHG_1003,"Wohl, Ellen; Hall, Robert O., Jr.; Lininger, Katherine B.; Sutfin, Nicholas A.; Walters, David M.",Carbon dynamics of river corridors and the effects of human alterations,2017,ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS,active channel; carbon; dam; land use; riparian zone; river,Global,,,,,Review,Running,,,,,,,,,"CO2, CH4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
DAM_GHG_1004,"Taylor Maavara, Qiuwen Chen, Kimberly Van Meter, Lee E. Brown, Jianyun Zhang, Jinren Ni & Christiane Zarfl ",River dam impacts on biogeochemical cycling,2020,NATURE REVIEWS EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT ,,Various,,,,Various,Review,Running,Various,Various,NA,NA,Various,Various,Various,Various,"CO2, CH4, N2O","Based on a global reservoir surface area of 1.5 x 10^6 km2, an estimated 273 Tg C CO2 y1 and 52 Tg C CH4 y1 are emitted from reservoirs each year. 
Globally, reservoirs emit 3.7 Tg N y1 via denitrification.",,,Water,Various,NA,NA,,,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,,"Gaseos carbon emissions from reservoirs in tropical regions are generally higher than emissions in boreal and temperatre reservoir, partially due to their large surface areas, high volumes of flooded biomass and soil OC, and warmer water temperatures. 
Strong inverse relationship between N2O emission rate and retention time, suggesting that reservoirs with short residence times emit more N2O per unit area than reservoirs with long retention times. ",,Section about damming impacts on GHGs