Heterodoxus spiniger
- 1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6269 - 8390
- 2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6269 - 8390 & Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2254 - 2743
- 3. Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4493 - 0395
Description
Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909)
Menopon spiniger Enderlein, 1909: 80, pl. 8: figs 4, 5.
Menopon (Menacanthus) spinigerum Neumann, 1912a: 364, fig. 12.
Heterodoxus armiferus Paine, 1912a: 362, figs A–D.
“ Heterodoxus longitarsus Werneck, 1936 ”: 492, figs 126–129. Not Menopon longitarsus Piaget, 1880.
Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909); Plomley 1940: 19, pl. 3: figs A–J, pl. 4: figs A–B, D–K, pl. 5: figs A, C–G, pl. 6: figs B–C.
Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909); Werneck 1948: 21, figs 4–5.
Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909); Mustaffa-Babjee, 1969: 37.
Heterodoxus spiniger; Macadam et al. 1984: 37.
Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909); Price et al. 2003: 74.
Heterodoxus spiniger; Wells et al. 2012: 912.
Heterodoxus spiniger; Norhidayu et al. 2012: 301.
Type host: “House dog”, presumably Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 —Domestic dog.
Type locality: Kalahari Desert, Southern Africa.
Malaysian hosts: Canis lupus familiaris, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758.
Malaysian localities: Kuala Nerang, Pendang (Kedah) Peninsular Malaysia (Tay et al. 2014); Georgetown (Pulau Pinang) Peninsular Malaysia (Norhidayu et al. 2012); Keningau, Kota Kinabalu, Penampang, Tambunan, Tamparuli, Tuaran & Ranau (Sabah) Malaysian Borneo (Wells et al. 2012); Samarahan (Sarawak) Malaysian Borneo (Ahmad 2013); Ampang (Selangor) Peninsular Malaysia (Tay et al. 2014); “West Malaysia ”, Peninsular Malaysia (Mustaffa-Babjee 1969).
Geographical distribution: Worldwide except Europe, New Zealand and Antarctica; more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.
Remarks: Heterodoxus spiniger is a species from an Australian marsupial (Kéler 1971), which has widely transferred to dogs, other canids and civets (Price & Graham 1997; Price et al. 2003; Durden 2019). However, a number of studies in Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia have reported infestations of this louse species on domestic cats (Colless 1959; Norhidayu et al. 2012; Mohd-Zain et al. 2013). Colless (1959) concluded that the transmission of H. spiniger to cats was a result of their close contact with dogs, but not due to change of host preference or host adaptation. This statement was further supported by Norhidayu et al. (2012), commenting that the long time gap between their discovery and Colless’s (1959) report implied that it was a rare occurrence. However, Price & Graham (1997) argued that the infestation of H. spiniger on cats was well-established instead of accidental.
Heterodoxus spiniger is known as the intermediate host of several helminthes, most notably the double-pored tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Norhidayu et al. 2012), and the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) (see Nelson 1962), although the latter is not known to injure its canine hosts seriously (Price & Graham 1997). Mokhtar et al. (2011) reported Bartonella henselae (Regnery et al., 1992) from H. spiniger using PCR assays. Conversely, Tay et al. (2014) detected no rickettsial pathogens from field collected H. spiniger in multiple locations in Peninsular Malaysia.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Boopiidae
- Genus
- Heterodoxus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Psocodea
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Enderlein
- Species
- spiniger
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Heterodoxus spiniger (Enderlein, 1909) sec. Kazim, Houssaini, Tappe & Heo, 2023
References
- Enderlein, G. (1909) Anopluren (Siphunculaten) und Mallophagen. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.) Zoologisch und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungreise in Sudafrika 2 (2). Denkschriften der medizinisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Gessellschaft, 14, 79 - 81, pl. 8.
- Neumann, L. G. (1912 a) Notes sur les Mallophages. - II. I. - Sur le genre Menopon (sous-genre Menacanthus n. subgen.). Archives de Parasitologie, Paris, 15 (3) 353 - 368.
- Paine, J. H. (1912 a) The mallophagan genus Heterodoxus Le Souef and Bullen. Entomological News, 23, 359 - 362.
- Werneck, F. L. (1936) Contribuic " o ao conhecimento dos mallophagos encontrados nos mammiferos sul-americanos. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 31 (3), 391 - 590, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761936000300001
- Piaget, E. (1880) Les Pediculines. Essai Monographique. Volumes 1 - 2. E. J. Brill, Leide, xxxix + 714 pp., 56 pls.
- Plomley, N. J. B. (1940) Notes on the systematics of two species of Heterodoxus (Mallophaga, Boopiidae). Papers and Proceedings of Royal Society of Tasmania, 1939, 19 - 36.
- Werneck, F. L. (1948) Os malofagos de mamiferos. Parte I: Amblycera e Ischnocera (Philopteridae e parte de Trichodectidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Special Volume, 1 - 243 pp.
- Mustaffa-Babjee, A. (1969) Lice and fleas of animals in Malaysia. Kajian Veterinaire, 2, 37.
- Macadam, I., Gudan, D., Timbs, D. V., Urquhart, H. R. & Sewell, M. M. H. (1984) Metazoan parasites of dogs in Sabah, Malaysia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 16, 34 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02248927
- Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp.
- Wells, K., Beaucournu, J. C., Durden, L. A., Petney, T. N., Lakim, M. B. & O'Hara, R. B. (2012) Ectoparasite infestation patterns of domestic dogs in suburban and rural areas in Borneo. Parasitology Research, 111, 909 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 012 - 2917 - 7
- Norhidayu, S., Mohd-Zain, S. N., Jeffery, J. & Lewis JW (2012) The dog louse Heterodoxus spiniger from stray cats in Penang, Malaysia. Tropical Biomedicine, 29, 301 - 303.
- Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Volume 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, iv + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542
- Tay, S. T., Mokhtar, A. S., Low, K. C., Mohd-Zain, S. N., Jeffery, J., Abdul-Aziz, N. A. & Kho, K. L. (2014) Identification of rickettsiae from wild rats and cat fleas in Malaysia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 28, 104 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12075
- Ahmad, N. I. I. (2013) A survey of ectoparasites on domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) from rural and urban areas. Bachelor of Science Degree. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan. 30 pp.
- Keler, S. von (1971) A revision of the Australasian Boopiidae (Insecta: Phthiraptera), with notes on the Trimenoponidae. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplement, 6, 1 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 006
- Price, M. A. & Graham, O. H. (1997) Chewing and sucking lice as parasites of mammals and birds. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin, 1849, vi + 257 pp., 2 appendices.
- Durden, L. A. (2019) Chapter 7. Lice (Phthiraptera). In: Mullen, G. R. & Durden, L. A. (Eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 3 rd Edition. Academic Press Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 814043 - 7.00007 - 8
- Colless, D. H. (1959) Heterodoxus spiniger (Mallophaga: Boopiidae) from cats in Singapore. Journal of Parasitology, 45, 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274490
- Mohd-Zain S. N., Norhidayu, S., Pal, P. & Lewis, J. W. (2013) Macroparasite communities in stray cat populations from urban cities in Peninsular Malaysia. Veterinary Parasitology, 196, 469 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. vetpar. 2013.03.030
- Nelson, G. S. (1962) Dipetalonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) from the dog with a note on its development in the flea, Ctenoce- phalides felis, and the louse, Heterodoxus spiniger. Journal of Helminthology, 36, 297 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 00023968
- Mokhtar, A. S., Jeffery, J., Noraishah-Mydin, AA. & Tay, S. T. (2011) Molecular detection of Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae (causative agents of cat scratch disease) from animal ectoparasites in Malaysia. 47 th Annual Conference of the Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3 - 4 March 2011. Malaysian Society of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Malaysia, p. 62.