December 19, 2022 Report Open Access

Zeyen, Elisabeth; Riepin, Iegor; Brown, Tom

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{
  "inLanguage": {
    "alternateName": "eng", 
    "@type": "Language", 
    "name": "English"
  }, 
  "description": "<p>Electrolytic hydrogen produced using renewable electricity can help lower carbon dioxide emissions in sectors where<br>\nfeedstocks, reducing agents, dense fuels or high temperatures are required. Several standards are being discussed to<br>\ncertify that the grid electricity used is renewable. The standards vary in how strictly they match the renewable generation<br>\nto the electrolyser demand in time and space. In this paper, we compare electricity procurement strategies to meet a<br>\nconstant hydrogen demand in a computer model for selected European countries in 2025 and 2030. We compare a<br>\ncase where no additional renewable generators are procured with cases where the electrolyser demand is matched to<br>\nadditional supply either on an annual, monthly or an hourly basis. We show that local additionality is required to<br>\nguarantee low emissions. If no storage is available to buffer the hydrogen, the electrolyser must run at full capacity<br>\nat all times. For the annually matched case, constant operation means using fossil-fuelled generation from the grid<br>\nfor some hours that results in higher emissions and increased electricity prices compared to the case without hydrogen<br>\ndemand. In the hourly matched case, emissions and prices do not increase, but baseload operation results in high costs<br>\nfor providing constant supply if only wind, solar and batteries are available. Buffering the hydrogen with storage, either<br>\nin steel tanks or underground caverns, reduces the cost penalty of hourly versus annual matching. Hydrogen production<br>\nwith annual matching can reduce system emissions if the electrolysers operate flexibly or coal is phased out and the<br>\nrenewable generation share is above 80%. The largest emission reduction is achieved with hourly matching when surplus<br>\nelectricity generation can be sold to the grid.</p>", 
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode", 
  "creator": [
    {
      "affiliation": "Technical University of Berlin (TUB)", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3296", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Zeyen, Elisabeth"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Technical University of Berlin (TUB)", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-4904", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Riepin, Iegor"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Technical University of Berlin (TUB)", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-1911", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Brown, Tom"
    }
  ], 
  "headline": "Hourly versus annually matched renewable supply for electrolytic hydrogen", 
  "image": "https://zenodo.org/static/img/logos/zenodo-gradient-round.svg", 
  "datePublished": "2022-12-19", 
  "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7457441", 
  "version": "0.1", 
  "keywords": [
    "green hydrogen", 
    "regulation", 
    "electrolysis", 
    "PPA", 
    "decarbonisation"
  ], 
  "@context": "https://schema.org/", 
  "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7457441", 
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7457441", 
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", 
  "name": "Hourly versus annually matched renewable supply for electrolytic hydrogen"
}