November 21, 2022 Journal article Open Access

Mupparapu R.; Cunha J.; Tantussi F.; Jacassi A.; Summerer L.; Patrini M.; Giugni A.; Maserati L.; Alabastri A.; Garoli D.; Proietti Zaccaria R.

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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;Numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop rectifying antennas operating&amp;nbsp;at high frequencies, especially dedicated to light harvesting and photodetection&amp;nbsp;applications. However, the development of efficient high frequency&amp;nbsp;rectifying antennas has been a major technological challenge both due to a lack&amp;nbsp;of comprehension of the underlying physics and limitations in the fabrication&lt;br&gt;
techniques. Various rectification strategies have been implemented, including&amp;nbsp;metal-insulator-metal traveling-wave diodes, plasmonic nanogap optical&amp;nbsp;antennas, and whisker diodes, although all show limited high-frequency operation&lt;br&gt;
and modest conversion efficiencies. Here a new type of rectifying antenna&amp;nbsp;based on plasmonic carrier generation is demonstrated. The proposed structure&amp;nbsp;consists of a resonant metallic conical nano-antenna tip in contact with the oxide&lt;br&gt;
surface of an oxide/metal bilayer. The conical shape allows for an improved&amp;nbsp;current generation based on plasmon-mediated electromagnetic-to-electron&amp;nbsp;conversion, an effect exploiting the nanoscale-tip contact of the rectifying&lt;br&gt;
antenna, and proportional to the antenna resonance and to the surface-electron&amp;nbsp;scattering. Importantly, this solution provides rectification operation at 280 THz&amp;nbsp;(1064 nm) with a 100-fold increase in efficiency compared to previously reported&lt;br&gt;
results. Finally, the conical rectifying antenna is also demonstrated to operate&amp;nbsp;at 384 THz (780 nm), hence paving a way toward efficient rectennas toward the&amp;nbsp;visible range.&lt;/p&gt;</subfield>
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    <subfield code="u">Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia</subfield>
    <subfield code="a">Cunha J.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Giugni A.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">10.1002/aenm.202103785</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">High-Frequency Light Rectification by Nanoscale Plasmonic Conical Antenna in Point-Contact-Insulator-Metal Architecture</subfield>
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