Psychiatric pharmaceutical care service across Malaysian hospitals: results from a cross-sectional study

Background: Psychiatric pharmaceutical care is the provision of pharmaceutical care services to patients with
psychiatric related illnesses or disorders. Several studies have demonstrated the positive influence psychiatric pharmaceutical
care on patients’ clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes. This study aimed to examine the extent of
psychiatric pharmaceutical care practice in a convenience sample of Malaysian government hospitals and the barriers
to the provision of these services.
Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional survey of registered pharmacists working at a convenience sample of government
hospitals in Malaysia was undertaken from September 2019 to June 2020.
Results: Pharmacists frequently ensured the appropriateness of the dose (55%), dosage form (47%) and dosing
schedule (48%) of the dispensed medications. Most pharmacists infrequently worked with patients and healthcare
professionals to develop a pharmacotherapeutic regimen and a corresponding monitoring plan (28%). There was no
statistically significant difference in the provision of pharmaceutical care services with respect to gender, age, years
of practice, and professional board certification. However, the services offered were influenced by the respondent’s
education and pharmacy setting. The obstacles perceived by pharmacists included lack of time (89%), shortage of
pharmacy staff (87%), the patients’ inability to comprehend medical information (85%), insufficient demand and
acceptance by patients (82%), the lack of official policies and standardised practice protocols (78%), inaccessibility to
the patients’ medical records (77%) and the lack of structured communication channels between pharmacists and
physicians (75%), the pharmacists lack of knowledge/skills and confidence (78%) and insufficient recognition from
physicians to the pharmacists’ skills (76%).
Conclusions: This is the first study to explore the extent and barriers of psychiatric pharmaceutical care in Malaysian
hospitals; it highlighted the need for mobilising pharmacists to expand these services.