IoT Based Smart Irrigation System

Villages are the back bone of our country. Agriculture is the main source of income. In our country, agriculture provides 18% of our country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Our Government repeatedly highlighting the importance of innovations in the agriculture field through various schemes. Since our agriculture is largely depends on the irrigation system rather than natural rain, as an engineer it is our responsibility to atomize it with necessary optimization techniques. Our proposed work inculcates data control management, IoT, optimization and so on. Irrigation through atomized algorithm reduces time, money & water usage. In this period, this kind of atomization in each and every field utilizes all the recent technologies to implement its ideas beautifully.


Introduction
In India, the rainfall is a seasonal one. Sometimes due to failure of the monsoon rainfall, farmers facing severe water scarcity for their agriculture. In addition to that due to water shortage the fertile agricultural lands which depend on the river and canal will also facing severe water scarcity. Sometime the water will be abundant. Farmers usually go to the field and works for hours together for the irrigating their field [1]. In this project we are going to atomize the irrigation process using a mobile app. This mobile app will control the over al irrigation process. Soil moisture, water flow level, water flow duration, date and time will be readily available in the mobile app [2]. Those data will be given by various sensors placed in the real time agricultural field.

Block Diagram
This is a onetime investment. Once you setup this in this field, it will be used for more periods. The following are the hardware requirements. Arduino Uno board, LCD displays Bluetooth module, solenoid valve, water flow sensor, soil moisture sensor, RTC and smart phone. To make any automation process, we are in need of a controller. Here we are using Arduino controller which is very user-friendly one [5]. For displaying some data we have to use LCD display. In order to establish connection between the controller and smart phone we are in need of Bluetooth module. Timing is a main parameter which needs to be monitored always. For that purpose RTC is uses. This block is a bidirectional one. Soil moisture level needs to monitors regularly before the irrigation process. IF the soil has moisture, it should wait for certain period. So that soil will dry in that period. Once it gets dry it will start to irrigate. For this purpose we are using the soil moisture sensor. This will be sending the data to the controller [3]. From the controller, through the blue tooth module the data will be transferred through the smart phone. Based on the soil moisture level the controller has to start & stop the irrigation process. To carry out that process we using the solenoid valve here. Micro controller will give necessary signal to the micro controller. With the help of relay the we can activate the solenoid valve. In order to have an account of how much water has been used for irrigation, we have the water flow sensor [4]. This will give the data, how many liters of water have been discharged with that specified period of time. Finally, in this block the Bluetooth & RTC are bidirectional one, rest all the blocks are unidirectional one as shown in Figure 1.

Flow Chart
In the beginning of the process, RTC and Moisture sensor data will be taken. Based on the mode selected it will turn on or turn off the solenoid valve. If the mode is automatic, everything will be done in a sequential manner. If the mode is manual, then user has to turn on or turn off the valve. Once the solenoid valve is open, based the set value in the flow sensor it will give stop command to the solenoid valve.
Client Unit is simply a smart phone using Bluetooth protocol the message packets transmitted from the Server unit is received in the smart phone. Client Unit implementation is going to carried out with the help of MIT App Inventor. Again, this one is for the open source cloudbased software support for the App Inventor. The android app development is the one role in the client design. This app has access security feature; to access the particular "App Fingerprint Authentication" is added as the gateway to enter into their application. Once the authentication is verified, it allows the user to get into the network. In this way, server and client talks to each other. The calculated parameters are then trans-mitted from server unit to receiver. Then the same will be displayed in the dashboard window in the mobile App as shown in Figure 2.

Arduino UNO
Arduino is an open-source gadgets stage dependent on simple to-utilize equipment and programming. Arduino sheets can understand inputs -light on a sensor, a finger on a catch, or a Twitter message -and transform it into a yieldinitiating an engine, turning on a LED, distributing something on the web as shown in Figure 3. Figure 4. RTC modules are just TIME and DATE recollecting frameworks which have battery arrangement which without outside force keeps the module running. This keeps the TIME and DATE modern.

Moisture sensor
The Soil Moisture Sensor as shown in Figure 5 utilizes capacitance to quantify the water substance of soil (by estimating the dielectric permittivity of the dirt, which is an element of the water content). Basically, embed this rough sensor into the dirt to be tried, and the volumetric water substance of the dirt is accounted for in percent.

Solenoid Valve
Solenoid valves as shown in Figure 6 are utilized to close, open, portion, convey or blend the progression of gas or fluid in a line. The particular motivation behind a solenoid valve is communicated by its circuit work.

Bluetooth Module
HC-05 Bluetooth Module as shown in Figure 7 is a simple to utilize Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, intended for straightforward remote sequential association arrangement. HC-05 Bluetooth module gives exchanging mode among expert and slave mode which implies it ready to utilize neither accepting nor sending information. It utilizes the 2.45GHz recurrence band. The exchange pace of the information can differ up to 1Mbps and is in scope of 10 meters. The HC-05 module can be worked inside 4-6V of intensity flexibility.

App Implementation
MIT App inventor tool is used to develop the android App required for this work. It has two stages one is screen development and another one is the code blocks. There are three screens used in this android app. First and second screen are used for user verification using finger print sensor. Then third screen has main dashboard window their user can take the readings of the energy meter.

Fig. 8: Finger print Gateway
Here using inbuilt fingerprint sensor in the smart phone is used to read the user input. The Figure 8 shows the code blocks required for finger print authentication.

Output from MIT App windows
At first download the App and install it in android based smart phone. One important condition the phone must have fingerprint sensor. Then open the App the first screen will appear as shown in the Figure 9. Here the user needs to click the Scan Fingerprint button followed by scan the finger. Once it's done, it allows the user to enter in to the second screen. There it will give Authentication Succeeded message. Then user need to click the Go to Meter Dashboard button, immediately screen three will appear.

Conclusion
Nowadays innovation can help to cut down the operational cost and enable us to maximize the utilization of the resources. Currently the farmers doing irrigation manually and irrigate their area at a systematic period. This method takes lot of water & man power. In the dry areas, this method is highly challenging. This smart method guarantees the high level of productivity with the efficient use of water.
The main attraction of this method of irrigation is, it is carried out automatically by considering the environmental parameters. Even they can irrigate the fields effectively in night times also.