Investigating the experimental space for two-step Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorber layer fabrication: A design of experiment approach

This research reveals the missing or often undisclosed experimental data on processing conditions of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ absorbers by the two-step sequential technique. Accordingly, by employing a one-variable-at-a-time approach, where each factor is exclusively changed with respect to a defined center point, we identified a handful of significant parameters which play the most significant role in an absorber's properties and consequently, prospective high-performing solar cells. This was done by analyzing their impact on a few most important metrics. Hence, the vast processing window with numerous factors and levels for development of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ by this method becomes constrained and feasible to optimize in future endeavours.