10.5281/zenodo.5842610
https://zenodo.org/records/5842610
oai:zenodo.org:5842610
Yan, Alexander
Alexander
Yan
The George Washington University
Dark Matter vs MOND vs Gravity by EM Waves, A comparative examination of cosmological observations through three theories
Zenodo
2022
Dark Matter, MOND, Gravity by electromagnetic waves or photons of light
2022-01-12
10.5281/zenodo.5842609
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Traditional Newtonian physics cannot explain many observed galactic-scale gravitational effects and phenomena. This has led to many new theories. One such theory is Dark Matter. Due to some obvious problems with the Dark Matter theory, some alternatives have been proposed. One of them is the MOND (Modified Newtonian dynamics) theory. A new field theory postulates that if gravity forces are due to an elastic field, it would also be exerted by electromagnetic waves or photons of light. The comparison in this review shows that neither Dark Matter nor MOND theories can explain all the cosmological gravitational effects observations. Attempts to combine these theories have complicated the study. However, the Gravity by electromagnetic waves theory can explain these cosmological observations.