Journal article Open Access
Investigation of the Annual and Periodic Distribution of Malaria Cases in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Analysis of Four-Year Data
Muse Osman, Marian;
Abdullahi Ali, Mukhtaar;
Bashir, Ahmed Muhammad;
Nur Adan, Faduma;
Sümbül, Hilmi Erdem;
Sherani, Muhammad Hassan;
Sağlık, Mustafa Kemal Emirhan;
Şahiner, Fatih
MARC21 XML Export
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
<leader>00000nam##2200000uu#4500</leader>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">1. Mawson AR. The pathogenesis of malaria: a new perspective. Pathog Glob Health 2013; 107(3): 122-9. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Malaria. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">3. Ashley EA, Pyae Phyo A, Woodrow CJ. Malaria. Lancet 2018; 391(10130): 1608-21. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">4. Milner DA Jr. Malaria Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8(1): a025569. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">5. Larson B. Origin of Two Most Virulent Agents of Human Malaria: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (Chapter). In: Kasenga FH (ed), Malaria - Infectious Diseases (Volume 4). 2019, In Tech Open, London. pp:1-16. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">6. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. WHO takes a position on genetically modified mosquitoes. Available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/14-10-2020-who-takes-a-position-on-genetically-modified-mosquitoes [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">7. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. World Malaria Report 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015791 [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">8. Lover AA, Baird JK, Gosling R, Price RN. Malaria Elimination: Time to Target All Species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99(1): 17-23.</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">9. Miller LH, Ackerman HC, Su XZ, Wellems TE. Malaria biology and disease pathogenesis: insights for new treatments. Nat Med 2013; 19(2): 156-67.</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">10. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. First malaria vaccine in Africa: A potential new tool for child health and improved malaria control. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-GMP-2018.05 [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">11. Cunningham J, Jones S, Gatton ML, Barnwell JW, Cheng Q, Chiodini PL, et al. A review of the WHO malaria rapid diagnostic test product testing programme (2008-2018): performance, procurement and policy. Malar J 2019; 18(1): 387. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">12. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. CareStart™ Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/PAN) COMBO, WHO Prequalification of In Vitro Diagnostics Programme Public Report, May 2015. Available at: https://www.who.int/diagnostics_laboratory/evaluations/150528_final_report_0136_049_00_malaria_hrp2pldh_pfpan.pdf?ua=1 [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">13. Xiaodong S, Tambo E, Chun W, Zhibin C, Yan D, Jian W, et al. Diagnostic performance of CareStart™ malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/pan) combo test versus standard microscopy on falciparum and vivax malaria between China-Myanmar endemic borders. Malar J 2013; 12: 6. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">14. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. Global technical strategy for malaria 2016-2030, 2021 update. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031357 [Accessed November 25, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">15. Voice of America English News, Washington, USA. Authorities in Somalia Hail Progress in Malaria Fight. Available at: https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_authorities-somalia-hail-progress-malaria-fight/6205053.html [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">16. Twitter, Social Networking Service, San Francisco, California, USA. National Malaria Control Program for Somalia. Available at: https://mobile.twitter.com/nmcpsomalia [Accessed November 18, 2021].</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">17. Giorgi E, Osman AA, Hassan AH, Ali AA, Ibrahim F, Amran JGH, et al. Using non-exceedance probabilities of policy-relevant malaria prevalence thresholds to identify areas of low transmission in Somalia. Malar J 2018; 17(1): 88. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">18. Quaresima V, Agbenyega T, Oppong B, Awunyo JADA, Adu Adomah P, Enty E, et al. Are Malaria Risk Factors Based on Gender? A Mixed-Methods Survey in an Urban Setting in Ghana. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6(3): 161. </subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="999" ind1="C" ind2="5">
<subfield code="x">19. Kofi Teye J, Torvikey D. The Political Economy of Agricultural Commercialisation in Ghana: a Review. APRA Working Paper 15, Future Agricultures Consortium 2018.</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">eng</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Malaria</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Rapid diagnostic tests</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Elimination</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Plasmodium falciparum</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Sıtma</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Hızlı tanı testi</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Eliminasyon</subfield>
</datafield>
<controlfield tag="005">20230112181627.0</controlfield>
<datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Mogadişu Somali'de Malarya Olgularının Yıllık ve Dönemsel Dağılımının İncelenmesi: Dört Yıllık Verilerin Retrospektif Analizi</subfield>
</datafield>
<controlfield tag="001">5773238</controlfield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-9980-7976</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Abdullahi Ali, Mukhtaar</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-7992-506X</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Bashir, Ahmed Muhammad</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-3484-8961</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Nur Adan, Faduma</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-7192-0280</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Sümbül, Hilmi Erdem</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Infectious Diseases, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-8502-3353</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Sherani, Muhammad Hassan</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0001-6954-5891</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Sağlık, Mustafa Kemal Emirhan</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Medical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-3488-0339</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Şahiner, Fatih</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2=" ">
<subfield code="s">548651</subfield>
<subfield code="z">md5:f1e94c10221a9cd66b4bc784d064af0c</subfield>
<subfield code="u">https://zenodo.org/record/5773238/files/lms.2022.9.z.pdf</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="542" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="l">open</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="c">2021-12-08</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="909" ind1="C" ind2="O">
<subfield code="p">openaire</subfield>
<subfield code="o">oai:zenodo.org:5773238</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="909" ind1="C" ind2="4">
<subfield code="c">47-54</subfield>
<subfield code="n">2</subfield>
<subfield code="p">Life and Medical Sciences</subfield>
<subfield code="v">1</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">Department of Public Health, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.</subfield>
<subfield code="0">(orcid)0000-0002-1514-5427</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Muse Osman, Marian</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">Investigation of the Annual and Periodic Distribution of Malaria Cases in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Analysis of Four-Year Data</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="540" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="u">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode</subfield>
<subfield code="a">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="650" ind1="1" ind2="7">
<subfield code="a">cc-by</subfield>
<subfield code="2">opendefinition.org</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a"><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>
<p>Malaria transmitted mainly by mosquito vectors (female&nbsp;<em>Anopheles</em>&nbsp;species) is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the world. In the fight against malaria, some countries have achieved elimination success with national health policies. However, the efforts of national organizations in the fight against malaria are insufficient in low-income countries and the support of international organizations is needed as a part of the global malaria struggle. Somalia is an easternmost&lrm;&nbsp;African country, located in the neighboring region which has the highest rates of malaria&nbsp;&lrm;cases and malaria-related deaths globally, is at risk of malaria epidemics due to its fragile infrastructure&lrm;. This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu and involved the retrospective analysis of 54,748 test results of malaria from 2015 to 2019. The rate of malaria cases tended to decrease over the years, being determined as 4.95%, 0.39%, 0.15%,&nbsp;&lrm;&lrm;0.13%, and 0.1% for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.&nbsp;&lrm;A total of 152 malaria cases were detected, and the incidence of infection was found to be significantly higher in men (0.41%; 107/26,231) than in women (0.16%; 45/28.517) (p&lt;0.0001).&nbsp;&lrm;Standard microscopy and the CareStart Malaria Pf/PAN (HRP2/pLDH) Ag Combo RDT test, which meets the criteria set for rapid diagnostic tests recommended by the World Health Organization, were used for the diagnosis of malaria infections, and the parasite species was identified as&nbsp;<em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>&nbsp;in 36.4% (55/151) of the cases.&nbsp;We also observed that malaria cases occurred every month of the year,&nbsp;but&nbsp;there was a remarkable increase in the number of cases for the period between October 2015 and January 2016.&lrm;&nbsp;In conclusion, our study data show that malaria cases tend to decrease in Somalia as a result of the effective struggles of the national and international health institutions.&lrm;&nbsp;However, the support of international organizations remains important in achieving the goal of malaria elimination and sustainable struggle with the undesirable effects of the disease&lrm;&nbsp;in Somalia.</p>
<p><strong>&Ouml;zet</strong></p>
<p>Başlıca sivrisinek vekt&ouml;rler (dişi&nbsp;<em>Anofel</em>&nbsp;t&uuml;rleri) aracılığı ile bulaşan sıtma g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde d&uuml;nya genelinde &ouml;l&uuml;me en sık neden olan enfeksiyon hastalıklarından biridir. Sıtma ile m&uuml;cadelede bazı &uuml;lkeler ulusal sağlık politikaları ile eliminasyon başarısına ulaşmıştır. Bununla beraber kısıtlı kaynaklara sahip &uuml;lkelerde ulusal kuruluşların &ccedil;abaları sıtma ile m&uuml;cadelede yetersiz kalmakta ve k&uuml;resel m&uuml;cadelenin bir par&ccedil;ası olarak uluslararası kuruluşların desteğine ihtiya&ccedil; duyulmaktadır. Afrika&rsquo;nın en doğusundaki bir &uuml;lke olan Somali sıtma olgularının ve sıtma ilişkli &ouml;l&uuml;mlerin d&uuml;nya genelinde en y&uuml;ksek oranlarda g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;ğ&uuml; b&ouml;lgenin komşuluğunda yer alan ve kırılgan altyapısı nedeni ile sıtma salgını i&ccedil;in risk altında olan bir &uuml;lke konumundadır. Mogadişu&rsquo;da yerleşik bir &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;nc&uuml; basamak hastanesinde y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;len bu &ccedil;alışmada 2015-2019 yıllarına ait 54.748 sıtma testinin sonucu retrospektif olarak incelendi ve 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 ve 2019 yılları i&ccedil;in sırasıyla %4.95, %0.39, %0.15, %0.13 ve %0.1 olmak &uuml;zere vaka sayılarının yıllar i&ccedil;erisinde azalma eğiliminde olduğu saptandı. Toplam 152 sıtma olgusunun saptandığı &ccedil;alışmada erkeklerde enfeksiyon g&ouml;r&uuml;lme sıklığı kadınlara g&ouml;re anlamlı derecede daha y&uuml;ksek bulundu, erkeklerde %0.41 (107/26,231) ve kadınlarda %0.16 (45/28,517) (p&lt;0.0001).&nbsp;Sıtma enfeksiyonu tanısının standart mikroskopi ve&nbsp;D&uuml;nya Sağlık &Ouml;rg&uuml;t&uuml;&rsquo;n&uuml;n hızlı tanı testleri i&ccedil;in koyduğu kriterleri karşılayan CareStart Malaria Pf/PAN (HRP2/pLDH) Ag Combo RDT testi ile ger&ccedil;ekleştirildiği &ccedil;alışmada olguların %36.4&rsquo;&uuml;nde (55/151) parazit t&uuml;r&uuml;&nbsp;<em>Plasmodium&nbsp;</em><em>falciparum</em>&nbsp;olarak tanımlandı. Sıtma olgularının yılın her ayında ortaya &ccedil;ıktığını g&ouml;zlemlediğimiz &ccedil;alışmada, 2015 Ekim ve 2016&nbsp;&lrm;Ocak ayları arasını kapsayan bir d&ouml;nemde olgu sayılarında dikkat &ccedil;eken bir y&uuml;kselme belirlendi.&lrm;&nbsp;Sonu&ccedil; olarak &ccedil;alışma verilerimiz sıtma olgularının ulusal ve uluslararası sağlık kuruluşların etkin m&uuml;cadeleleri ile Somali&rsquo;de azalma eğilimde olduğunu g&ouml;stermektedir. Bununla beraber, Somali&#39;de sıtma eliminasyonu hedefine ulaşmada ve hastalığın olumsuz etkileri ile s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir m&uuml;cadelede uluslararası kuruluşların sağladığı desteğin kritik &ouml;neme sahip olduğu g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir.</p></subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="024" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">10.54584/lms.2022.9</subfield>
<subfield code="2">doi</subfield>
</datafield>
<datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<subfield code="a">publication</subfield>
<subfield code="b">article</subfield>
</datafield>
</record>
38
41
views
downloads
| Views | 38 |
| Downloads | 41 |
| Data volume | 22.0 MB |
| Unique views | 33 |
| Unique downloads | 40 |
Indexed in
- Publication date:
- December 8, 2021
- DOI:
-
- Keyword(s):
- Malaria Rapid diagnostic tests Elimination Plasmodium falciparum Sıtma Hızlı tanı testi Eliminasyon
- Published in:
- Life and Medical Sciences: 1 pp. 47-54 (2).
- License (for files):
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International