December 8, 2021 Journal article Open Access

Muse Osman, Marian; Abdullahi Ali, Mukhtaar; Bashir, Ahmed Muhammad; Nur Adan, Faduma; Sümbül, Hilmi Erdem; Sherani, Muhammad Hassan; Sağlık, Mustafa Kemal Emirhan; Şahiner, Fatih

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{
  "inLanguage": {
    "alternateName": "eng", 
    "@type": "Language", 
    "name": "English"
  }, 
  "description": "<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>\n\n<p>Malaria transmitted mainly by mosquito vectors (female&nbsp;<em>Anopheles</em>&nbsp;species) is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the world. In the fight against malaria, some countries have achieved elimination success with national health policies. However, the efforts of national organizations in the fight against malaria are insufficient in low-income countries and the support of international organizations is needed as a part of the global malaria struggle. Somalia is an easternmost&lrm;&nbsp;African country, located in the neighboring region which has the highest rates of malaria&nbsp;&lrm;cases and malaria-related deaths globally, is at risk of malaria epidemics due to its fragile infrastructure&lrm;. This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu and involved the retrospective analysis of 54,748 test results of malaria from 2015 to 2019. The rate of malaria cases tended to decrease over the years, being determined as 4.95%, 0.39%, 0.15%,&nbsp;&lrm;&lrm;0.13%, and 0.1% for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.&nbsp;&lrm;A total of 152 malaria cases were detected, and the incidence of infection was found to be significantly higher in men (0.41%; 107/26,231) than in women (0.16%; 45/28.517) (p&lt;0.0001).&nbsp;&lrm;Standard microscopy and the CareStart Malaria Pf/PAN (HRP2/pLDH) Ag Combo RDT test, which meets the criteria set for rapid diagnostic tests recommended by the World Health Organization, were used for the diagnosis of malaria infections, and the parasite species was identified as&nbsp;<em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>&nbsp;in 36.4% (55/151) of the cases.&nbsp;We also observed that malaria cases occurred every month of the year,&nbsp;but&nbsp;there was a remarkable increase in the number of cases for the period between October 2015 and January 2016.&lrm;&nbsp;In conclusion, our study data show that malaria cases tend to decrease in Somalia as a result of the effective struggles of the national and international health institutions.&lrm;&nbsp;However, the support of international organizations remains important in achieving the goal of malaria elimination and sustainable struggle with the undesirable effects of the disease&lrm;&nbsp;in Somalia.</p>\n\n<p><strong>&Ouml;zet</strong></p>\n\n<p>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca sivrisinek vekt&ouml;rler (di\u015fi&nbsp;<em>Anofel</em>&nbsp;t&uuml;rleri) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bula\u015fan s\u0131tma g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde d&uuml;nya genelinde &ouml;l&uuml;me en s\u0131k neden olan enfeksiyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan biridir. S\u0131tma ile m&uuml;cadelede baz\u0131 &uuml;lkeler ulusal sa\u011fl\u0131k politikalar\u0131 ile eliminasyon ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla beraber k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 kaynaklara sahip &uuml;lkelerde ulusal kurulu\u015flar\u0131n &ccedil;abalar\u0131 s\u0131tma ile m&uuml;cadelede yetersiz kalmakta ve k&uuml;resel m&uuml;cadelenin bir par&ccedil;as\u0131 olarak uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n deste\u011fine ihtiya&ccedil; duyulmaktad\u0131r. Afrika&rsquo;n\u0131n en do\u011fusundaki bir &uuml;lke olan Somali s\u0131tma olgular\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131tma ili\u015fkli &ouml;l&uuml;mlerin d&uuml;nya genelinde en y&uuml;ksek oranlarda g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml; b&ouml;lgenin kom\u015fulu\u011funda yer alan ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan altyap\u0131s\u0131 nedeni ile s\u0131tma salg\u0131n\u0131 i&ccedil;in risk alt\u0131nda olan bir &uuml;lke konumundad\u0131r. Mogadi\u015fu&rsquo;da yerle\u015fik bir &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;nc&uuml; basamak hastanesinde y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;len bu &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada 2015-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait 54.748 s\u0131tma testinin sonucu retrospektif olarak incelendi ve 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 ve 2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 i&ccedil;in s\u0131ras\u0131yla %4.95, %0.39, %0.15, %0.13 ve %0.1 olmak &uuml;zere vaka say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llar i&ccedil;erisinde azalma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fu saptand\u0131. Toplam 152 s\u0131tma olgusunun saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada erkeklerde enfeksiyon g&ouml;r&uuml;lme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131nlara g&ouml;re anlaml\u0131 derecede daha y&uuml;ksek bulundu, erkeklerde %0.41 (107/26,231) ve kad\u0131nlarda %0.16 (45/28,517) (p&lt;0.0001).&nbsp;S\u0131tma enfeksiyonu tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n standart mikroskopi ve&nbsp;D&uuml;nya Sa\u011fl\u0131k &Ouml;rg&uuml;t&uuml;&rsquo;n&uuml;n h\u0131zl\u0131 tan\u0131 testleri i&ccedil;in koydu\u011fu kriterleri kar\u015f\u0131layan CareStart Malaria Pf/PAN (HRP2/pLDH) Ag Combo RDT testi ile ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada olgular\u0131n %36.4&rsquo;&uuml;nde (55/151) parazit t&uuml;r&uuml;&nbsp;<em>Plasmodium&nbsp;</em><em>falciparum</em>&nbsp;olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. S\u0131tma olgular\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131n her ay\u0131nda ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;zlemledi\u011fimiz &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, 2015 Ekim ve 2016&nbsp;&lrm;Ocak aylar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir d&ouml;nemde olgu say\u0131lar\u0131nda dikkat &ccedil;eken bir y&uuml;kselme belirlendi.&lrm;&nbsp;Sonu&ccedil; olarak &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma verilerimiz s\u0131tma olgular\u0131n\u0131n ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131n etkin m&uuml;cadeleleri ile Somali&rsquo;de azalma e\u011filimde oldu\u011funu g&ouml;stermektedir. Bununla beraber, Somali&#39;de s\u0131tma eliminasyonu hedefine ula\u015fmada ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olumsuz etkileri ile s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir m&uuml;cadelede uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fin kritik &ouml;neme sahip oldu\u011fu g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir.</p>", 
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode", 
  "creator": [
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Public Health, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-5427", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Muse Osman, Marian"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-7976", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Abdullahi Ali, Mukhtaar"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-506X", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Bashir, Ahmed Muhammad"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-8961", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Nur Adan, Faduma"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-0280", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "S\u00fcmb\u00fcl, Hilmi Erdem"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Infectious Diseases, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-3353", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Sherani, Muhammad Hassan"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-5891", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Sa\u011fl\u0131k, Mustafa Kemal Emirhan"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "Department of Medical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia-Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mogadishu, Somalia.", 
      "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-0339", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "\u015eahiner, Fatih"
    }
  ], 
  "headline": "Investigation of the Annual and Periodic Distribution of Malaria Cases \u200ein \u200eMogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Analysis of Four-Year Data", 
  "image": "https://zenodo.org/static/img/logos/zenodo-gradient-round.svg", 
  "datePublished": "2021-12-08", 
  "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/5773238", 
  "keywords": [
    "Malaria", 
    "Rapid diagnostic tests", 
    "Elimination", 
    "Plasmodium falciparum", 
    "S\u0131tma", 
    "H\u0131zl\u0131 tan\u0131 testi", 
    "Eliminasyon"
  ], 
  "@context": "https://schema.org/", 
  "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.54584/lms.2022.9", 
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.54584/lms.2022.9", 
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", 
  "name": "Investigation of the Annual and Periodic Distribution of Malaria Cases \u200ein \u200eMogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Analysis of Four-Year Data"
}