December 8, 2021 Journal article Open Access

Muse Osman, Marian; Abdullahi Ali, Mukhtaar; Bashir, Ahmed Muhammad; Nur Adan, Faduma; Sümbül, Hilmi Erdem; Sherani, Muhammad Hassan; Sağlık, Mustafa Kemal Emirhan; Şahiner, Fatih

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    <dct:title>Investigation of the Annual and Periodic Distribution of Malaria Cases ‎in ‎Mogadishu, Somalia: A Retrospective Analysis of Four-Year Data</dct:title>
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    <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">2021</dct:issued>
    <dcat:keyword>Malaria</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>Rapid diagnostic tests</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>Elimination</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>Plasmodium falciparum</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>Sıtma</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>Hızlı tanı testi</dcat:keyword>
    <dcat:keyword>Eliminasyon</dcat:keyword>
    <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2021-12-08</dct:issued>
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    <dct:description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Malaria transmitted mainly by mosquito vectors (female&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Anopheles&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;species) is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the world. In the fight against malaria, some countries have achieved elimination success with national health policies. However, the efforts of national organizations in the fight against malaria are insufficient in low-income countries and the support of international organizations is needed as a part of the global malaria struggle. Somalia is an easternmost&amp;lrm;&amp;nbsp;African country, located in the neighboring region which has the highest rates of malaria&amp;nbsp;&amp;lrm;cases and malaria-related deaths globally, is at risk of malaria epidemics due to its fragile infrastructure&amp;lrm;. This study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu and involved the retrospective analysis of 54,748 test results of malaria from 2015 to 2019. The rate of malaria cases tended to decrease over the years, being determined as 4.95%, 0.39%, 0.15%,&amp;nbsp;&amp;lrm;&amp;lrm;0.13%, and 0.1% for 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.&amp;nbsp;&amp;lrm;A total of 152 malaria cases were detected, and the incidence of infection was found to be significantly higher in men (0.41%; 107/26,231) than in women (0.16%; 45/28.517) (p&amp;lt;0.0001).&amp;nbsp;&amp;lrm;Standard microscopy and the CareStart Malaria Pf/PAN (HRP2/pLDH) Ag Combo RDT test, which meets the criteria set for rapid diagnostic tests recommended by the World Health Organization, were used for the diagnosis of malaria infections, and the parasite species was identified as&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Plasmodium falciparum&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;in 36.4% (55/151) of the cases.&amp;nbsp;We also observed that malaria cases occurred every month of the year,&amp;nbsp;but&amp;nbsp;there was a remarkable increase in the number of cases for the period between October 2015 and January 2016.&amp;lrm;&amp;nbsp;In conclusion, our study data show that malaria cases tend to decrease in Somalia as a result of the effective struggles of the national and international health institutions.&amp;lrm;&amp;nbsp;However, the support of international organizations remains important in achieving the goal of malaria elimination and sustainable struggle with the undesirable effects of the disease&amp;lrm;&amp;nbsp;in Somalia.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;Ouml;zet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Başlıca sivrisinek vekt&amp;ouml;rler (dişi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Anofel&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;t&amp;uuml;rleri) aracılığı ile bulaşan sıtma g&amp;uuml;n&amp;uuml;m&amp;uuml;zde d&amp;uuml;nya genelinde &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;me en sık neden olan enfeksiyon hastalıklarından biridir. Sıtma ile m&amp;uuml;cadelede bazı &amp;uuml;lkeler ulusal sağlık politikaları ile eliminasyon başarısına ulaşmıştır. Bununla beraber kısıtlı kaynaklara sahip &amp;uuml;lkelerde ulusal kuruluşların &amp;ccedil;abaları sıtma ile m&amp;uuml;cadelede yetersiz kalmakta ve k&amp;uuml;resel m&amp;uuml;cadelenin bir par&amp;ccedil;ası olarak uluslararası kuruluşların desteğine ihtiya&amp;ccedil; duyulmaktadır. Afrika&amp;rsquo;nın en doğusundaki bir &amp;uuml;lke olan Somali sıtma olgularının ve sıtma ilişkli &amp;ouml;l&amp;uuml;mlerin d&amp;uuml;nya genelinde en y&amp;uuml;ksek oranlarda g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;ld&amp;uuml;ğ&amp;uuml; b&amp;ouml;lgenin komşuluğunda yer alan ve kırılgan altyapısı nedeni ile sıtma salgını i&amp;ccedil;in risk altında olan bir &amp;uuml;lke konumundadır. Mogadişu&amp;rsquo;da yerleşik bir &amp;uuml;&amp;ccedil;&amp;uuml;nc&amp;uuml; basamak hastanesinde y&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;len bu &amp;ccedil;alışmada 2015-2019 yıllarına ait 54.748 sıtma testinin sonucu retrospektif olarak incelendi ve 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 ve 2019 yılları i&amp;ccedil;in sırasıyla %4.95, %0.39, %0.15, %0.13 ve %0.1 olmak &amp;uuml;zere vaka sayılarının yıllar i&amp;ccedil;erisinde azalma eğiliminde olduğu saptandı. Toplam 152 sıtma olgusunun saptandığı &amp;ccedil;alışmada erkeklerde enfeksiyon g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lme sıklığı kadınlara g&amp;ouml;re anlamlı derecede daha y&amp;uuml;ksek bulundu, erkeklerde %0.41 (107/26,231) ve kadınlarda %0.16 (45/28,517) (p&amp;lt;0.0001).&amp;nbsp;Sıtma enfeksiyonu tanısının standart mikroskopi ve&amp;nbsp;D&amp;uuml;nya Sağlık &amp;Ouml;rg&amp;uuml;t&amp;uuml;&amp;rsquo;n&amp;uuml;n hızlı tanı testleri i&amp;ccedil;in koyduğu kriterleri karşılayan CareStart Malaria Pf/PAN (HRP2/pLDH) Ag Combo RDT testi ile ger&amp;ccedil;ekleştirildiği &amp;ccedil;alışmada olguların %36.4&amp;rsquo;&amp;uuml;nde (55/151) parazit t&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Plasmodium&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;falciparum&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;olarak tanımlandı. Sıtma olgularının yılın her ayında ortaya &amp;ccedil;ıktığını g&amp;ouml;zlemlediğimiz &amp;ccedil;alışmada, 2015 Ekim ve 2016&amp;nbsp;&amp;lrm;Ocak ayları arasını kapsayan bir d&amp;ouml;nemde olgu sayılarında dikkat &amp;ccedil;eken bir y&amp;uuml;kselme belirlendi.&amp;lrm;&amp;nbsp;Sonu&amp;ccedil; olarak &amp;ccedil;alışma verilerimiz sıtma olgularının ulusal ve uluslararası sağlık kuruluşların etkin m&amp;uuml;cadeleleri ile Somali&amp;rsquo;de azalma eğilimde olduğunu g&amp;ouml;stermektedir. Bununla beraber, Somali&amp;#39;de sıtma eliminasyonu hedefine ulaşmada ve hastalığın olumsuz etkileri ile s&amp;uuml;rd&amp;uuml;r&amp;uuml;lebilir m&amp;uuml;cadelede uluslararası kuruluşların sağladığı desteğin kritik &amp;ouml;neme sahip olduğu g&amp;ouml;r&amp;uuml;lmektedir.&lt;/p&gt;</dct:description>
    <dct:description>Mogadişu Somali'de Malarya Olgularının Yıllık ve Dönemsel ‎Dağılımının ‎‎İncelenmesi: Dört Yıllık Verilerin Retrospektif Analizi</dct:description>
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