Clinical and psychopathological features of patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Today, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered to be the most important nosological cause of decreased cognitive functions. A number of studies have found that hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are associated with cognitive deficits, with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus being 20% in men and 18% in women over 60 years of age. To achieve this goal, it was conducted a comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 82 patients with The clinical and psychopathological structure of emotional disorders is represented by anxious (43.4%), depressive (26.6%), astheno-hypochondriac (19.8%), hysteroform (10.2%) syndromes. Clinical examination of patients with DM showed that more often (in 95.0% of cases) in patients with T2DM there is a decrease in memory of auditory and visual modality, impaired intellectual abilities, slow thinking, lack of attention and information processing.

women over 60 years of age.
To achieve this goal, it was conducted a comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 82 patients with moderate type 2 diabetes mellitus (46 women and 36 men) aged 35.9±10.1 years in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.9±5.2 years. The severity of diabetes in most cases was defined as moderate (84.1%), and in 15.9% of cases corresponded to severe.
30.2% of patients used insulin as a basic hypoglycemic therapy, 69.8% -tablets.
According to the analysis of the emotional state of patients with T2DM were characterized by complaints of low, depressed mood (69.5% of examined patients), uncontrolled emotional reactions (46.2%), feelings of anxiety, constant internal tension (44.7%), paresthesias (29.1%), sleep-wake cycle disorders (56.2%), general weakness, lethargy and fatigue (58.2%), fatigue (90.0%), frequent mood swings, with a predominance of decreased mood background (23.3%), emotional lability with excessive vulnerability and sensitivity (16.6%), irritability (16.6%). 183 The clinical and psychopathological structure of emotional disorders is represented by anxious (43.4%), depressive (26.6%), astheno-hypochondriac (19.8%), hysteroform (10.2%) syndromes. Clinical examination of patients with DM showed that more often (in 95.0% of cases) in patients with T2DM there is a decrease in memory of auditory and visual modality, impaired intellectual abilities, slow thinking, lack of attention and information processing. Cognitive impairment has recently been studied as a complication of diabetes, although its pathogenesis is mainly related to impaired insulin signaling in the brain. Some studies suggest that disorders occur due to oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and so on. There are data that indicate negative impact of depression and hypoglycemia on the state of cognitive functioning in patients with diabetes mellitus [5,6].
Today, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered to be the most important nosological cause of decreased cognitive functions. A number of studies have found that hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are associated with cognitive deficits, with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus being 20% in men and 18% in women over 60 years of age [7,8].
It is known that patients with DM suffer from depression almost three times more often than patients without it. Due to the depression, emotional state is disturbed, which often leads to the patient's refusal to receive adequate treatment, and eventually decompensation of the somatic state occurs. In turn, it causes episodes of depression, which requires appointment of psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy [9,10,11]. 184 The above determined relevance of this research. Its purpose is to study the specifics of clinical and psychopathological features of patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
To achieve this goal, it was conducted a comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 82 patients with moderate type 2 diabetes mellitus (46 women and 36 men) aged 35.9±10.1 years in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.9±5.2 years. The severity of diabetes in most cases was defined as moderate (84.1%), and in 15.9% of cases corresponded to severe.
30.2% of patients used insulin as a basic hypoglycemic therapy, 69.8% -tablets.

Results and discussion:
According to the analysis of the emotional state of patients with T2DM were Evaluation of the Bourdon Correction Test data showed a decrease in the ability to concentrate, increased fatigue, decreased tolerance to mental loads. The maximum concentration of attention on average in the group was noted in the second minute of the study, from 4 minutes there was a reaction of fatigue. At the same time, 62.2% of patients had "extra time to activation for work reaction" -the largest number of errors was observed in the first minute of the study, the smallest -in the third minute. A further increase in the number of errors to 6 minutes of the examination indicated a decrease in the ability to concentrate attention and brain fatigue.
The 10-Word Recall Test in 59.8% of subjects revealed a decrease in the ability to concentrate, listening and memorizing, as well as a deterioration in working memory.
Thus, in the examined patients with T2DM there are emotional disorders, mainly anxiety-depressive symptoms, high level of emotional stress, anxiety, asthenic symptom complex and hypochondriac manifestations and mild cognitive impairment, which are manifested by decreased verbal memory, reduced speed of operations. difficulty navigating by declining performance.