Actinostolidae Carlgren 1932
Creators
Description
FAMILY ACTINOSTOLIDAE CARLGREN, 1932
Diagnosis (after Rodríguez et al. (2008) with modifications in italics). Enthemonae with basilar muscles and mesogleal marginal sphincter; column commonly smooth, rarely tuberculate or with papillae. Tentacles regularly arranged; their aboral sides sometimes with nematocysts batteries, sometimes thickened. Mesenteries not divisible into macro- and microcnemes. Younger mesenteries not bilaterally arranged. Retractor muscles diffuse, rarely circumscribed. No acontia. Cnidom: gracile spirocysts, basitrichs and b -mastigophores and p -mastigophores A.
Type genus: Actinostola Verrill, 1883.
Other valid genera: Antholoba Hertwig, 1882 (?); Anthosactis Danielssen, 1890; Antiparactis Verrill, 1899; Bathydactylus Carlgren, 1928; Chitinactis; Cnidanthus Carlgren, 1927; Glandulactis Riemann- Zürneck, 1978; Hadalanthus; Hormosoma; Ophiodiscus Hertwig, 1882; Paranthus Andres, 1883 (?); Parasicyonis Carlgren, 1921; Pseudoparactis Stephenson, 1920; Pycnanthus McMurrich, 1893; Sicyonis; Stomphia; Synsicyonis Carlgren, 1921; Tealidium Hertwig, 1882.
Remarks: We follow the circumscription given by Rodríguez et al. (2008) for Actinostolidae, except for the addition of genus Glandulactis to the family and removal of Cnidanthea Carlgren, 1959 now included in the family Isanthiidae Carlgren, 1938 (Metridioidea) following Fautin (2016). The question mark after genera Antholoba and Paranthus reflects the uncertainty in their taxonomic placement due to every molecular phylogenetic analysis to date placing them within the superfamily Metridioidea (e.g. Lauretta et al., 2014; Rodríguez et al., 2014; Grajales & Rodríguez, 2016; Gusmão et al., 2018, 2019, 2020). The diagnosis of Actinostolidae was not required to be modified by the inclusion of the new genus Chitinactis.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Actinostolidae
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Actiniaria
- Phylum
- Cnidaria
- Scientific name authorship
- Carlgren
- Taxon rank
- family
- Taxonomic concept label
- Actinostolidae Carlgren, 1932 sec. Gusmão & Rodríguez, 2021
References
- Carlgren O. 1932. Die Ceriantharien, Zoantharien und Actiniarien des arktischen Gebietes. In: Romer F, Schaudinn F, Brauer A, Arndt W, eds. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. Jena: Gustav Fischer, 255 - 266.
- Rodriguez E, Castorani CN, Daly M. 2008. Morphological phylogeny of the family of Actinostolidae (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) with description of a new genus and species of hydrothermal vent sea anemone redefining the family Actinoscyphidae. Invertebrate Zoology 22: 439 - 452.
- Verrill AE. 1883. Reports on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the ' Blake' in 1877 - 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Fish Hawk' in 1880 - 82. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University) 11: 1 - 72.
- Hertwig R. 1882. Die actinien der challenger expedition. Jena: Gustav Fischer.
- Danielssen DC. 1890. Actinida. Den Norske Nordhavs- Expedition 1876 - 1878. Zoologi. Christiania: Grondahl & Son.
- Verrill AE. 1899. Descriptions of imperfectly known and new Actinians, with critical notes on other species, IV. American Journal of Science and Arts 7: 205 - 218.
- Carlgren O. 1928. Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899 22: 125 - 266.
- Carlgren O. 1927. Actiniaria and Zoantharia. In: Odhner T, ed. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1 - 102.
- Andres A. 1883. Le Attinie. Atti dell'Accademia de Lincei 14: 211 - 673.
- Carlgren O. 1921. Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 5: 1 - 241.
- Stephenson TA. 1920. On the classification of Actiniaria. Part I. - Forms with acontia and forms with a mesogloeal sphincter. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 64: 425 - 574.
- McMurrich JP. 1893. Report on the Actiniae collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887 - 1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 16: 119 - 216.
- Carlgren O. 1959. Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria with description of a new genus and species from Peru. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49, 38. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift (NF) Adv 2 56: 1 - 39.
- Carlgren O. 1938. South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 17: 1 - 148.
- Fautin DG. 2016. Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa 4145: 1 - 449.
- Lauretta D, Haussermann V, Brugler MR, Rodriguez E. 2014. Isoparactis fionae sp. n. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 14: 31 - 42.
- Grajales A, Rodriguez E. 2016. Elucidating the evolutionary relationships of the Aiptasiidae, a widespread cnidariandinoflagellate model system (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Metridioidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 252 - 263.
- Gusmao LC, Grajales A, Rodriguez E. 2018. Sea anemones through X-rays: visualization of two species of Diadumene (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) using micro-CT. American Museum Novitates 3907: 1 - 45.
- Gusmao LC, Berniker K, Van Deusen V, Rodriguez E. 2019. Halcampulactidae (Actiniaria, Actinostoloidea), a new family of burrowing sea anemones with external brooding from Antarctica. Polar Biology 42: 1271 - 1286.
- Gusmao LC, Van Deusen V, Daly M, Rodriguez E. 2020. Origin and evolution of the symbiosis between sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) and hermit crabs, with additional notes on anemone-gastropod associations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 148: 106805.