{ "normalForm": true, "headword": "DUBIUS, -a, -um", "etymology": [ { "period": "PIE", "form": "*dui-bʰh₂u-o-", "def": "'double'", "certitude": true }, { "period": "PIt", "form": "*du(i)-fwo-", "def": "", "certitude": true } ], "dataFormat": "cent", "meanings": [ { "definition": "Anxious, concerned", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "ugbaix", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -3, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "NAEV. Trag. 53 dubii faventem per fretum intro currimus.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [ { "rel": "vlenoaji", "cert": true }, { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "yqltjgc", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Undecided whether to do something or not", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "lidknqq", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CAES. civ. 1, 3, 5 quorum vocibus et concursu terrentur infirmiores, dubii confirmantur.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "dzirelf", "cert": true }, { "rel": "xiomo", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Not steady, variable", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "wxgrb", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -2, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "TER. Hec. 16 scibam dubiam fortunam esse scaenicam.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "ugbaix", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [ { "rel": "lidknqq", "cert": true }, { "rel": "ydaml", "cert": true }, { "rel": "dsg", "cert": true }, { "rel": "jxpxq", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "foplmsd", "cert": true }, { "rel": "hlgr", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Hesitant", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "dzirelf", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "VERG. Aen. 9, 797 retro dubius vestigia Turnus improperata refert.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "lidknqq", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Uncertain whether something exists/is true or not", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "xiomo", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Manil. 27 quae res est, quae cuiusquam animum in hac causa dubium facere possit?", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "lidknqq", "cert": true }, { "rel": "essrf", "cert": true } ] } }, { "id": "essrf", "category": "Modal: epistemic", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "LIV. 7, 25, 5 dubii..., victos se an victores putarent.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "yqltjgc", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "xiomo", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "unsteadily moving from side to side", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "ydaml", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "LUCR. 5, 1237 concussaeque cadunt urbes dubiaeque minantur.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [] } } ] }, { "definition": "Variegated", "construct": "_", "group": "In doubt, undetermined", "analysis": [ { "id": "foplmsd", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -2, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "TER. Phorm. 342 cena dubia apponitur :: quid istuc verbi est ? :: ubi tu dubites quid sumas potissimum. ", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Ambiguous, uncertain", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "dsg", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Inv. 1, 51 inductio est oratio quae rebus non dubiis captat assensionem.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "klhwl", "cert": true }, { "rel": "qbvuu", "cert": true }, { "rel": "iwunqjf", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "It is uncertain", "construct": "Dubium est", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "yqltjgc", "category": "Modal: epistemic", "emergence": -3, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "PLAUT. Mil. 419 an dubium tibi est eam esse hanc?", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [ { "rel": "vlenoaji", "cert": true }, { "rel": "essrf", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "ugbaix", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Not certain yet", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "qbvuu", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Phil. 5, 31 legatorum exspectatio dubitationem belli adfert; bello autem dubio quod potest studium esse dilectus?", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "dsg", "cert": true }, { "rel": "crzedd", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Arguable", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "wstppal", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Caecin. 6 propter iuris obscuram dubiamque rationem.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "iwunqjf", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "That can be interpreted in two different ways", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "iwunqjf", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Epist. 2, 17, 3 commotus hominum non dubio sermone.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [ { "rel": "buq", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "dsg", "cert": true }, { "rel": "wstppal", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "In the middle", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "buq", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": 1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "STAT. Theb. 12, 560 Creon occisos sepeliri vetans dubio caelique Erebique sub axe detinet (i. e. inter caelum et Erebum medio).", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "iwunqjf", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [] } } ] }, { "definition": "Uncertain event in the future", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "crzedd", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Tusc. 1, 89 ad non dubiam mortem.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "qbvuu", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Of whom one cannot be sure", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "klhwl", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "OV. Met. 5, 145 matre Palaestina, dubio genitore creatus.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "vlenoaji", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "dsg", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Not to be relied on", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "hlgr", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -2, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "ENN. Ann. 274 at non sic dubius fuit hostis Aeacida Burrus (i. e. ut Hannibal).", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true }, { "rel": "vlenoaji", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Suspect, arousing mistrust", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "vlenoaji", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -2, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "PLAUT. Epid. 647 hic sunt quadraginta minae. Si quid erit dubium, immutabo.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "ugbaix", "cert": true }, { "rel": "yqltjgc", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [ { "rel": "klhwl", "cert": true }, { "rel": "umvsvei", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "hlgr", "cert": true }, { "rel": "gxvjfwm", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Of low quality", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "umvsvei", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": 1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "MART. 3, 77, 6 pulpam de dubio petasone voras (i. e. hircoso).", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "vlenoaji", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [] } } ] }, { "definition": "Adverse", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "gxvjfwm", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -2, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "PLAUT. Capt. 406 rebus in dubiis, egenis.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [ { "rel": "ljcxujk", "cert": true }, { "rel": "csw", "cert": true }, { "rel": "zfzslqxp", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "vlenoaji", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Dangerous", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "ljcxujk", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "OV. Pont. 4, 10, 10 iactatus dubio … mari.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "gxvjfwm", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [ { "rel": "zfzslqxp", "cert": true } ], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "jfnstm", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "Threatening, imminent", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "zfzslqxp", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": 6, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "COD. IUST. 9, 16, 2 (a. 243) qui adgressorem ... in dubio vitae discrimine constitutus occiderit.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "gxvjfwm", "cert": true }, { "rel": "ljcxujk", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [] } } ] }, { "definition": "Difficult", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "csw", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": 1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CULEX 194 cui casus sociarit opem numenve deorum, prodere sit dubium.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "gxvjfwm", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [] } } ] }, { "definition": "In danger", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "jfnstm", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "CIC. Att. 2, 4, 7 his temporibus, tam dubia vita optimi cuiusque. ", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [ { "rel": "ljcxujk", "cert": true } ] } } ] }, { "definition": "unstable, precarious or dark [light]", "construct": "_", "group": "Raising uncertainty", "analysis": [ { "id": "jxpxq", "category": "Not modal", "emergence": -1, "disparition": "None", "attestation": "VARRO frg. Serv. Aen. 2, 268 de crepuscolo, quod est dubia lux, - nam creperum dubium significat.", "certainty": true, "relationships": { "origins": [ { "rel": "wxgrb", "cert": true } ], "destinations": [], "unspecified": [] } } ] } ] }