Sociolinguistics perspectives on gender patterns in instagram

Received Aug 13, 2019 Revised Nov 07, 2019 Accepted Jan 29, 2020 This article focused on the the gender patterns that were found in the social media Instagram based on the sociolinguistics point of view. There were two research questions were arisen what types of the gender patterns that were found in the social media Instagram based on the sociolinguistics and the factors of the difference language used based on gender in social media Instagram. Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) was used to analyze the data. The data was taken from all of component of the sociolinguistics aspect in social media network especially for gender patterns that existed on the social media instagram college students’ users id in Pekanbaru. The writer took 30 Instagram users id as sample. The study found that two types of gender patterns, first; gender in writing and second; gender in profile photo, thus there were five main assumptions that caused the differences language in gender in social media Instagram, namely; (1) an audience is active and goal-oriented in their media consumption, (2) media are used for gratifications, (3) media are in competition with other means of need satisfaction, (4) people understand their personal media use, interests, and motives enough to communicate with researchers about their choices, (5) the audience members are the only people who can make judgments regarding the value of the media content. The study recommends that sociolinguistics is an interesting topic to be researched thus future field of study concerns with the rapid changing phenomena in social media.


INTRODUCTION
Sociolinguisticsts study the relationship between language and society. They are interested in explainig why we speak differently in different social contexts, and they concerned with identifying the social function of language and the way it used to convey social meaning [1]. In sociolinguistics, there are seven aspects in the sociolinguistics research, as following: (1) social identity from the speaker, (2) social identity of the listener that involve in the communication process, (3) social environment, (4) sincronic and diacronic analysis of the society dialects,(5) the differences of point of view by the speaker for the kind of speechs, (6) variety level and the kind of linguistic, (7) the practical apply of sociolinguisticss research [2,1].
Different people, different gender, different social status, different environment, and different social class would have different point of view in using social media. There are some people who have different point of view will have different language. Education people will have good point of view, and they will have good language. There were 30 users id in this study, so that there were 30 characters and had 30 points of view also expose 30 differences language that is used in social media Instagram. The difference between

RESEARCH METHOD
This research was descriptive research, which aimed at describing the finding in qualitative ways. It discussed about data collecting which had been taken from the documentation.The writer took 30 Instagram users id in Pekanbaru as sample. In collecting the data, the researchers collected the document in form of social media account then grouped it in to gender. After getting the media account, the researchers screen capture those account from instagram user id caption, next, the researchers listed the gender patterns The time allocation of observing these phenomena of instagram usage by the two genders was during two months. The total of capturing photoes was more than 135 photoes and only 30 photoes to be sample in this research. The researchers took two genders (male and female) of their expressive photos, then five models of emoticons were used in this research, namely; cognitive appraisal, bodily symtoms, persuasions action, facial and feelings expression [12][13].

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
There were two main items to be answered and analyzed in these result findings, first was type of gender patterns was found in expressive photos taken and the second was the factors of the difference language used based on gender in social media Instagram.

Type of gender patterns based on sociolinguistics perspectives
The researchers exposed the Table 1 with 10 samples of context of gender patterns and the factors influenced in language used based on gender in instagram. The other 20 samples did not display in details, thus it was explored in the term of summary of data findings.  Female: in this context the user felt disappointed on someone who has broken her heart, lied about something, and she planned what she would do next, moreover, based on the picture above that her body language of the user id seemed to have a plan, thinking about some plans, and will do something to revenge what had already happened to her. Male: in this context the user shared something was really cool. Cool mean here was the mountain temperature and the view was also cool (a good view).
In social media most of female exposed their activity whether it was general or private. The reason they did it because they felt that she connected to each other in social media. Everyone has to know her feelings, everyone should understand her feelings. The main point of this user in her caption was to give a warning to someone who had made her disappointed that she will come someday to make a revenged, thus in this point she also made an ambigu statement and meaning. Based on the caption of this user'' Watching the Old Drama'', it ddid not mean that she watched old drama in television, or cinemas but the old drama here was there was someone did something that made her disappointed and that drama finally revealed. This drama also can be played male, or other female that close to her. On the other hand, there was contrast between user id above, men shared the caption that explicit style, caption related to the situation, and his feelings. Female: This user id stated that ''single is better than having love'' which mean she just broken heart. In fact she was not alright without having love but she wanted to show to someone out there that she was strong without having love. It can be seen on her picture profile that her eyes were full of sadness and expecting supported from the environment. Male: This user id really loved his job. The picture showed that he is maintaining something.
This user id shared about her private problem, in order to get sympathy from other instagram user id. In social media most of female shared their feelings to get sympathy, comments, and suggestion from other friends in the instagram. Sympathy was really meaningful for female, as much likes and comments they got. Contrasting with male, language that was used more formal and explicit style. It seems like self -promoting and shared something as needed only. Also, men more focused on business product, or investment. It is related to the user id photo that show about he is on doing business.

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Female: This user id showed that the expression of her feelings, it related the caption and the profile picture which the profile and caption showed that she got disappointed by someone that she loved. Male: The caption and the photo of the user id related to his standing position which showed that he was healthy.
This user id shared about her private problem, in order to get sympathy from other instagram user id. In social media most of female shared their feelings to get sympathy, comments, and suggestion from other friends in the instagram. Sympathy was really meaningful for female, as much likes and comments they got. Contrasting with male, language that was used more formal and explicit style. It seems like self -promoting and shared something as needed only. Also, men more focused on business product, or investment. It is related to the user id photo that show about he is on doing business. Female use more personal information than male in social media. It can be seen from this user id that she shared everything during the vacation. People already seen her that she was doing vacation based on her picture, thus that was the characteristic of women who wanted to reveal more about their personal life, they loved to share moment to others, however, the man's user id also presented commercial products or accessories like bags, glasses, sandals, and clothes. Men used simple language, direct and explicit. Caption and the profile picture also related that he looked happy event there was someone who had already broken his heart. It is different from the female user id in the caption ''I need refresh my mind'', but the sentences were still unclear refreshing from what. Meanwhile the male user id really clear stated that he did the vacation to refresh his mind because of broken heart. One of females characteristic was more aware of the impact of their pictures and contents. It can be seen on this user id, she was really careful shared the photo and caption in Instagram. The photo and the caption can be concluded that the user id was really aware on the impact of social that created negative comments, and cyber bullying. To prevent those factors happened the user id just shared the positive photo and caption that showed good impact whether it was for the user itself or for other users in Instagram. Men, sometimes tended to communicate in more task and individually oriented ways. It can be seen on the photo that he would like to show about his personality, and followed by a caption which proved that he was really happy to become who he was.

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Female: This user id showed other users that they should act just the way they were. Becoming simple person was better than trying to become someone else. Male: He told people that smiles made people better. He persuaded others to keep smiling no matter how big, how bad, and how hard problems that he faced.
Women more likely shared something that contained with product like accessories, clothes,etc. from this user id she exposed more about the natural hijab style. She means that the most important not the pretty but the beauty. Men usually ten to communicate in more individually oriented ways. When men asked people to smile they smile first. It can be seen on his photo profile when he smiled, he shows to other people that how better he is when he is smiling. The caption and the photo of user id illustrated about the happiness life that she felt. Its related to the women characters who were more expressive to share about their feelings, emotions, communication and words. They shared everything that related to the happiness, sadness, and all of matter which contained private matters. On the other hand, men just shared moments as long as it was needed, moreover, men made caption more specific that related to selfpromotion oriented. Women usually shared their problem and experiences about someone or about something. They did purposely in order to get the sympathy from others social media user. It can be seen from likes around 124 likes and also there were 6 comments in this capture, thus it means that there were some sympathy from other user for her. On the other hand man's user id shared about his truly feelings that many people who did not know him well. The analysis data of the result findings was that the researchers found out there were some gender patterns found on the Instagram user id that related to the sociolinguistic perspective. The most of user id used social media Instagram to get information, share information, moment, communicate each other whether it was new or old friends, moreover, Instagram also as a field to explore creative ideas, commercial of products and to make each other closer [14][15][16][17].
The findings in Sociolinguistics perspectives that there were differences between male and female whether it was on language, characters, identity, and the way they shared photo and created captions on social media instagram and most of them were different point of view, language use, character, and the way they explored the ideas [18][19][20][21].
Instagram more likely used by female than male not in the number of users, but the frequency of the time. Female was often updated their moments, photos, and caption than male which used social media Instagram for important thing only which purposed to share general information, related to outside object. Meanwhile female shared anything that related to feelings, family, friendship, love, sadness, joy, anxiety and included private matters. Female also shared many pictures, moments, captions, fashion, cosmetic products, and accessories but male prefered to share something which contained to self -promoting, business products, cars, and investment [22][23][24][25].
In social media Instagram female used language in ambiguity way which had many meanings that should be understood well, moreover female shared more personal information than men, but they were more aware of the impact of their pictures and its content. Female user id in Social media Instagram got more attention, responses, comments, likes and followers, meanwhile male was revealing more about personal life, used social media to gather the information they needed to build influence, helped their perform research, gathered relevant contacts and in order to increase their status and finally male to be a follower which the purpose was to gather as much as information from other users [26][27].
Sharing photoes, female shared more photoes than male which contained cute photos, involving, cosmetic, and domestic products, moreover female usually more informativeness. The purpose of female more often shared moments, photos, caption, and videos were to inform the other user about their moments, personality, family, love, event private matters [28][29].