Design of the LAN Network of Hospital Comandante Manuel Piti

The design of the network of a health institution is a complicated task due to all the aspects that it encompasses, to satisfy the consumption needs of digitized services, using minimal time and at the lowest possible cost. The Manuel Piti Fajardo Hospital, according to the scope of health services it provides, has a system for Hospital Management, the Galen Clinica. This system requires a well-structured network design, with the appropriate equipment that responds quickly and efficiently to the traffic generated in the network. In line with this objective, a cost-benefit study was carried out, after applying the LAN design methodology and calculating approximately the traffic generated on the network in the main departments of the hospital, whether it be the Matrix or the Unit. Surgical and Imaging. With this, the result was to locate the network backbone, and determine the network components that should be replaced according to the financial budget of the hospital, a better response to the requests made by users and according to the evolution of technologies. of information and communications.

The hospital currently has a system (Galen Clinicas) that requires good organization and transmission speed in terms of connectivity.For this reason, the aim of this research is to design the Hospital's LAN network in order to detect whether it is performing well in terms of distribution of network components, topology, physical and logical locations.

LAN design methodoly
For a LAN to be effective and meet user needs, it must be designed and implemented according to a planned series of systematic steps.
The information gathering process helps clarify and identify any current network problems. This information includes the history of the organization and its current state, projected growth, operational policies and management procedures, office systems and procedures, and the views of the people who will use the LANs [5], [6]. Therefore, a survey was carried out that collects certain information necessary to take as a starting point for the design of the LAN network.

Selecting the Topology Type of the LAN network
It is decided to use the extended star topology as it uses the 802.3 Ethernet CSMA / CD technology.

OSI layer topology map
In the diagrams, each distributor has a code that corresponds to the following images.Each scheme corresponds to a Level of the building or surrounding area.

Work Model
The Client-Server model is used due to the hospital's need to connect the services provided by each server to several clients.A key example is the case of the Galen Clinics system installed and in operation in said institution, due to the great need that the services according to the different modules can be consumed by dissimilar users simultaneously.

Operating systems
Network Operating Systems are those systems that keep two or more computers together through some means of communication (physical or not), with the primary objective of being able to share the different hardware and software resources. The most widely used network operating systems are: Novell Netware, LAN Manager, Windows Server, UNIX, Linux, LANtastic, Li. [7] Just as a computer cannot work without an operating system, a network of computers cannot function without a network operating system.If you do not have any equipment that mounts a network operating system, there will not be a centralized management of resources, so the network will become what we have called a work group.
Three of the existing servers in the hospital have Windows Server 2000 as a system and the remaining and not least GNU / Linux.With the update of this network it is intended to improve the existing services and increase the network's capacity to provide remote support services, file sharing, netmeeting, video conferencing, nephrology and oncology, payment of services, virtual banking, in addition to thepossibility of increasing new services in the future without major changes in the network.
Ø It was decided to use Windows Server due to: The most common services provided by this type of Operating System for network management are the following: 1. Resource sharing services: This service makes it possible to make files, folders, printers, or any other resource available to network users, centrally and with a security level determined and decided by the administrators of these services. user rights and permissions.To access any resource on the network, the user must have the necessary rights to perform the task and the appropriate permissions to use the resource. 3. Print Services: On a Windows Server network, any server or client can act as a print server.The difference is that if the print service is mounted on a client, the network administrator will not have full control over it.The normal thing is to install these services on the server and manage them from this computer. 4. Network services: Windows Server provides different network services that help with the overall management of a network environment.Some of these services are: • Messenger Service.Monitor the network and receive pop-up messages for the user.Alarm service.Sends the notifications received by the messaging service. • Exploration service.Provides a list of servers available in domains and in workgroups.
• Station service.It runs on a workstation and is responsible for the connections to the server.Server service.Provides network access to resources on a computer. 5. Interoperability: The different network protocols and services managed by a Windows Server system are used to configure a mixed or easily interoperable network environment.As an example, the NWLink network protocol designed to make Windows Server compatible with other non-Windows servers, such as Novell NetWare, is incorporated.
Ø It was decided to use GNU / Linux due to: It is made up of a central team and multiple terminals for users.This operating system includes network capabilities, designed specifically for large networks, but also features some applications for personal computers.UNIX / Linux works well on a standalone computer and, as a consequence of its multitasking capabilities, it also works well in a network environment.  According to the Headquarters Department and 3 departments with health services in order to the population, it is considered that they are the ones with the highest data traffic load.Because of this they have been included in a backbone network to form the backbone of the new network.

LAN Network Design
Traffic sizing: To size the traffic generated by each department, will be dimensioned: • Traffic per workstation • Voice traffic

• Video traffic
For the sizing of traffic per workstation, downlink traffic will be taken into account, that is, the traffic that each station receives, since the uplink values are lower because the applications to be used are based on a client architecture -server in which the workstations demand data and services from the server that provides them, the incoming information (downlink) to the workstation being greater than the outgoing (uplink) [8], [9].

Gigabit Ethernet
Justification for the use of Gigabit Ethernet: Gigabit Ethernet is an improved evolution of Ethernet technology.The use of level 3 IP switches (network level), together with a correct sizing of the backbone network, makes it possible to guarantee not only the sending of data and multimedia traffic, but also of voice (VolP, Voice over IP).As advantages, we can highlight the flexibility of reconfiguration, the scalability from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps, its simplicity of installation, management and maintenance and the low cost of implementation.The management and Voice and data traffic monitoring can be done from the same application if IP is used for voice transmission (VolP) [11].

Media types
In the LAN part, category 5 UTP cable is currently installed that must be supported, in addition to possible new installations it must support category 5e and 6

Ports 10/100Base TX
They are the ports that will be connected to the switches in each of the department LAN networks;Based on the number of stations in each department, 20 10/100 BASE-TX ports are needed, utosensing, half / full duplex, with an RJ-45 connector [12].

Costs for the installation of Fiber Optic
It is assumed that there is a working group for the installation of the optical fiber and a working group for the installation of the equipment.The installation time of the fiber optic cable is the time necessary for the import procedures of the equipment. The installation of ducted single-mode fiber optic cable is required in the wavelength range 1280 to 1350 nm whose geometric, mechanical and transmission characteristics are in accordance with the ITU -T -G.652 recommendation.Coming up next for demonstrate the referential costs of this facility, these data are hypothetical [13], [14]. It is intended to replace the existing hubs with a more advanced technology, which is that of switches.

Conclusions
Ethernet networks are one of the most widely used technologies, considerably influencing further technological development for any health institution.
The steps of the LAN design methodology were applied where the extended star topology was selected as it uses CSMA / CD technology, which will guarantee that, if the medium is being used, the station will have to wait and otherwise it will be able to transmit. With the development of the OSI Layer Topology Map, it was possible to understand how the network components and workstations are distributed by floors in the hospital, for a new relocation if necessary. The selection of a working model in this case the Client-Server guaranteed the exploitation of one of the most important systems currently for the National Health System, the Galen Clinicas, due to the large number of services to be consumed by users. Counting in the institution with the use of Windows Server 2000 and GNU / Linux network operating systems allowed sharing the hardware and software resources described above, in order to provide better performance and response times to the requests made by users of health for the population. Developing the calculation of network traffic guaranteed an optimal selection regarding the use of Gigabit Ethernet technology in order to guarantee the transmission not only of data but of voice, voice over voice and video. The analysis of the cost of the sections between the main departments led to the replacement of hubs by switches, which is a faster and more advanced technology.