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Publiziert als Diskussionsbeiträge der Scientists for Future 8: 1–18, als Preprint am 6. Sept. 2021 veröffentlicht. Die finale Veröffentlichung im Journal Momentum Quarterly erfolgte am 6. Okt. 2021 unter https://www.momentum-quarterly.org/ojs2/index.php/momentum/article/view/3888.
\n\nZusammenfassung
\n\nDie Bekämpfung der Klimakrise kann mit Maßnahmen gegen Armut und soziale Ungleichheit Hand in Hand gehen. Für Deutschland zeigen viele gängige Konzepte, dass Klimaschutz und sozialer Ausgleich für Privathaushalte verbunden werden können, sodass gerade finanzschwache Haushalte in Summe netto finanziell profitieren können. Ein Beispiel ist die Bepreisung von CO2 und anderen Treibhausgasen, um eine Lenkungswirkung zu einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft zu entfalten. Diese belastet zwar die Verbraucher:innen, führt aber auch zu staatlichen Einnahmen. Werden die Einnahmen aus höheren CO2-Preisen benutzt, um eine Klimaprämie pro Kopf an alle Bürger:innen auszuzahlen, dann profitieren ärmere Menschen sogar, während die gewünschte Lenkungswirkung erhalten bleibt. Eine solche Pro-Kopf-Klimaprämie kann in mehreren Varianten umgesetzt werden. Ein Teil der Einnahmen oder die Umwidmung anderer politischer Maßnahmen könnte beispielsweise auch das Angebot klimaschonender Alternativen beschleunigen oder weitere soziale Flankierungen ermöglichen. Eine CO2-Bepreisung als Teil eines breiten Instrumentenmixes ist seit Langem intensiver Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Debatte, sozial ausgewogen gestaltbar und klimapolitisch überfällig.
\n\nSchlagwörter: Klimakrise, Klimaprämie, Klimaschutz, Klimapolitik, CO2-Bepreisung
\n\nEnglish Abstract for: Carbon Pricing and Social Equity in Germany
\n\nMitigation of the climate crisis can be married with social equity. Numerous and widely accepted concepts for a sound climate policy framework for Germany with a focus on private households combine climate protection and social cohesion, with net financial benefits for low-income households. Carbon pricing schemes give a striking example. They make carbon emissions more expensive and hence provide market-based steering effects towards a low-carbon economy. Although higher prices can burden consumers, the additional fiscal revenues generated through the carbon pricing can be used to pay a per-capita climate bonus to all citizens. This per-capita compensation would result in net benefits for the lower social strata, while preserving the envisioned ecological steering effects. Additionally, the government can reform other fiscal expenses, promote climate-friendly alternatives, and support supplementary social measures. Carbon pricing, as an element of a broad mix of instruments in climate policy, has been subject to intense scientific debate and is hence well-researched. A large body of scientific evidence suggests that carbon pricing can be socially balanced and is long overdue to tackle the climate crisis.
\n\nKey words: climate crisis, climate bonus, climate protection, carbon pricing, Germany
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\r\n\r\nGerman Statement: Scientists For Future (S4F) ist ein überparteilicher und überinstitutioneller Zusammenschluss von Wissenschaftler:innen, die sich für eine nachhaltige Zukunft engagieren. Scientists for Future bringt als Graswurzelbewegung den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft in wissenschaftlich fundierter und verständlicher Form aktiv in die gesellschaftliche Debatte um Nachhaltigkeit und Zukunftssicherung ein. Mehr Informationen unter https://de.scientists4future.org/.
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