Quadrimaera viridis Haswell 1880

Quadrimaera viridis (Haswell, 1880)

(Fig. 47)

Moera viridis Haswell, 1880: 333 –334, pl. 21, fig. 2.

Elasmopus viridis.— Stebbing 1906: 445.— Stebbing, 1910: 683.— Chevreux, 1908:482.

Maera viridis.— Chilton 1916: 362 –365, figs. 3, 4.— Chilton, 1921: 73.— J.L. Barnard, 1972a: 227 –231, figs 133–135.— Lowry & Stoddart, 2003: 187 (catalogue).

Maera inaequipes.— Hale 1929: 214 –215, fig. 212 (not M. inaequipes Costa).

Quadrimaera viridis.— Krapp-Schickel & Ruffo 2000: 195.— Lowry & Springthorpe, 2005: tab. 1.

Material examined. Western Australia: 6 specimens, AM P.79346, outer edge of Ningaloo Reef off Neds Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'00"S, 113°54'30"E, 12 m, encrusting invertebrates on plate coral, 2 January1984, coll. J.K. Lowry, WA 359; 8 specimens, AM P.79324, inshore limestone reef off Neds Camp, Cape Range National Park, 21°59'S, 113°55'E, 1.5 m, "crinkly" brown alga, 2 January 1984, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, WA 379; 15 specimens, AM P.79317, off Possession Point, King George Sound, 35°03'S, 11°758'E, 7 m, finger sponges and algae, 14 December 1983, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, WA 136; many specimens, AM P.79365, off Possession Point, King George Sound, 35°03'S, 117°58'E, 7 m, mixed sponges and algae, 14 December 1983, coll. J.K. Lowry, WA 135; many specimens, AM P.79314, near Mistaken Island, King George Sound, Vancouver Peninsula, 35°04'S, 117°56'E, 2 m, soft corals, 13 December 1983, coll. J.K. Lowry, WA 105; 16 specimens, AM P.79420, near Mistaken Island, Vancouver Peninsula, King George Sound, 35°04'S, 117°56'E, 6 m, seagrass, 13 December 1983, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, WA 121; 16 specimens, AM P.79339, near Mistaken Island, Vancouver Peninsula, King George Sound, 35°04'S, 117°56'E, 2 m, grey sponge with crinoids, 13 December 1983, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, WA 114; many specimens, AM P.79360, rocks near Migo Island, Torbay Bay, Port Harding, 35°04'S, 117°39'E, 6–7 m, branched alga with compound tunicate on underside of branches, 15 December 1983, coll. R.T. Springthorpe and J.K. Lowry, WA 152; 8 specimens, AM P.79376, rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27°42'S, 11°49'E, 3–4 m, mixed algae, sediment, 10 January 1984, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, WA 474; 26 specimens, AM P.79335, rocky shore, Red Bluff, Kalbarri, 27°42'S, 114°09'E, 1 m, stalked ascidians on rock ledge, 9 January 1984, coll. H.E. Stoddart, WA 445; 14 specimens, AM P.79328, rocks near Migo Island, Torbay Bay, Port Harding, 35°04'S, 117°39'E, 6–7 m, mixed sponges, 15 December 1983, coll. J.K. Lowry, WA 141; 4 specimens, AM P.79384, rocks near Migo Island, Port Harding, Torbay Bay, 35°04'S, 117°39'E, 6–7 m, red sponges with zoanthid, black-spotted white ascidian, 15 December 1983, coll. J.K. Lowry, WA 151; 14 specimens, AM P.79333, reef west of groyne, 2 km south of Cape Peron, 32°16'S, 115°41'E, 3 m, tough red alga, 26 December 1983, coll. R.T. Springthorpe, WA 299; 1 specimen, NMV J56565, point at north end of Little Beach, Two Peoples Bay, 34°58'12"S, 118°10'48"E, 5m, tufted red algae and soft erect bryozoan, 20 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore, SWA 72; 15 specimens, NMV J57014, northeastern end, Vancouver Peninsula, 35°03'24"S, 117°56'12"E, 3 m, tufted red algae, soft coral and sponges, 8 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, SWA 22; 7 specimens, NMV J56990, north side, Cape Riche, 34°37'00"S, 118°47'00"E, 7 m, date, SWA 49; 6 specimens, NMV J57002, north of False Island, King George Sound, 35°00'42"S, 118°10'06"E, 27 m, red algae and bryozoan, 15 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, SWA 57; 10 specimens, NMV J56982, north side, Cape Riche, 34°37'00"S, 118°47'00"E, 6 m, sponges on vertical rock face, 12 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, SWA 47; 2 specimens, NMV J56995, northeastern end, Vancouver Peninsula, 35°03'24"S, 117°56'12"E, 10 m, red algae, 8April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, SWA 19; 7 specimens, NMV J56904, northeastern end, Vancouver Peninsula, 35°03'24"S, 117°56'12"E, 10 m, red algae, 8 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, SWA 24; 10 specimens, NMV J56591, northern side, West Island, 35°37'00"S, 138°36'00"E, 4 m, macroalga Ecklonia sp. holdfast, 21 March 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore and H.M. Lew Ton, SA 45; 3 specimens, NMV J56589, 1 km offshore, Seven Mile Beach, North of Dongara, 29°12'00"S, 114°53'00"E, 9 m, 27 April 1986, SWA 98; 7 specimens, NMV J56590, 1 km offshore, Seven Mile Beach, north of Dongara, 29°12'00"S, 114°53'00"E, 9 m, 27 April 1986, SWA 99; 1 specimens, NMV J56588, Seven Mile Beach, north of Dongara, 29°12'00"S, 114°53'00"E, 1 m, 22 April 1986, SWA 83; 2 specimens, NMV J56592, Seven Mile Beach, north of Dongara, 29°12'00"S, 114°53'00"E, 1.0 m, 24 April 1986, SWA 91; 2 specimens, NMV J56566, point at north end of Little Beach, Two Peoples Bay, 34°58'12"S, 118°10'48"E, 5.0 m, 18 April 1986, SWA 73; 8 specimens, NMV J56567, point at north end of Little Beach, Two Peoples Bay, 34°58'12"S, 118°10'48 E, 5.0 m, 18 April 1986, SWA 78.

South Australia: several specimens, SAMA C6530, 1300 m offshore, Cape Northumberland, 38°3'29"S, 140°39'43"E, red alga community, 1976–1977, coll. S.A. Shepherd; several specimens, SAMA C6735, Fowlers Bay Jetty, west of Ceduna, 31°59'24"S, 132°26'20"E, 2 March 1993, coll. W. Zeidler, K.L. Gowlett-Holmes and B. McHenry; several specimens, SAMA C6529, Greenly Island, 34°38'46"S, 134°46'59"E, in weed, 28 November 1976, coll. W. Zeidler; 2 specimens, NMV J56564, "The Hotspot" reef, 4–5 nautical miles west of northern end of Flinders Island, 33°40'30"S, 134°22'00"E, 17 m, macroalga Cystophora sp. holdfast on exposed rocky bottom, 19 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore, SA 61; 2 specimens, NMV J56563, northeastern side of Topgallant Island, Investigator Group, 33°43'00"S, 134°36'36"E, 7.0 m, brown alga Acrocarpia aniculata and red algae, 22 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore, SA 83; 1 specimen, NMV J56562, "The Hotspot" reef, 5 nautical miles west of Flinders Island, 33°40'48"S, 134°22'30"E, 21 m, tufted red algae and soft red bryozoan, 20 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore, SA 72; 1 specimen, NMV J56561, northeastern side of Topgallant Island, Investigator Group, 33°43'00"S, 134°36'36"E, 16 m, alga Cystophora sp., 22 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore, SA 84; several specimens, SAMA C6531, 18.6 miles west north west of Rapid Head, Gulf of St Vincent, 35°31'08"S, 138°10'01"E, in sponges and bryozoans, in prawn trawl, 5 June 1987, coll. K.L. Gowlett-Homes and S. Corigliano, FV Rivoli Queen; several specimens, SAMA C6533, East Bay, St Francis Island, Nuyts Archipelago, 33°30'6"S, 133°17'24”E, 1 February 2002, coll. A. Hirst, SARDI Encounter 2002 Expedition; several specimens, SAMA C6532, Western side of Smooth Island, Nuyts Archipelago, 33°30'6"S, 133°17'24”E, kelp dominated, February 2002, coll. A. Hirst, SARDI Encounter 2002 Expedition; several specimens, SAMA C6705, Moonta Bay Jetty, YorkePeninsula, 34°2'30"S, 137°33'0"E, Jetty pylons, rubble, sand and seagrass Posidonia sp., 15 December 1994, coll. W. Zeidler and K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6543, approximately 1.5 km W of Cape Jaffa, 36°56'43"S, 139°39'57"E, undulating reef algae, 15 February 1989, coll. W Zeidler; several specimens, SAMA C6537, Lagoon East of Margaret Brock Reef Lighthouse, off Cape Jaffa, 36°57'09"S, 139°39'52"E, stringy ascidian, 18 February 1989, coll. W. Zeidler and K. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6534, approximately 3 km west north west of Margaret Brock Reef Lighthouse, South East, Cape Jaffa, 36°57'9"S, 139°39'52"E, reef, ridges, algae, sand, 17 February 1989 coll. W. Zeidler and K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6542, South East, between Godfrey Islands, Cape Thomas, 37°5'19"S, 139°43'20"E, soft rock, reef, algae, sand, 16 February 1989, coll. W. Zeidler and K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6576, Fanny Point, Boston Island, Eyre Penninsula, 34°44'02"S, 135°55'45'E, on Sargassum sp. algae, 17 February 1988, coll. W. Zeidler and K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6536, Penneshaw Jetty, Kangaroo Island, 35°43'00"S, 137°56'30"E, Pilons, sand, weed, 31 January 1989, coll. K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6538, northern side of Point Ellen Reef, Vivonne Bay, Kangaroo Island, 35°59'13"S, 137°12'25"E, boulders, sand, 26 January 1989, coll. W. Zeidler and K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6539, NorthPoint St. Francis Island, Nuyts Archipelago, 33°30'30"S, 133°14'48"E, kelp-dominated, February 2002, coll. A. Hirst, SARDI Encounter 2002 Expedition; several specimens, SAMA C6540, North west of Freeling Island, Nuyts Archipelago, 33°30'30"S, 133°14'48"E, mixed fucoid, February 2002, coll. A. Hirst, SARDI Encounter 2002 Expedition; several specimens, SAMA C6535, Edithburg Jetty, Yorke Penninsula, 35°6'0"S, 137°43'60"E, in bryozoan-sponge mass, 26 November 1985, coll. W. Zeidler and K.L. Gowlett-Holmes; several specimens, SAMA C6541, Edithburg Jetty, Yorke Penninsula, 35°6'0"S, 137°43'60"E, in sponge bryozoan mass, 26 November 1985, coll. W. Zeidler, K.L. Gowlett- Homes and T. Stranks; 3 specimens, NMV J56568, "The "Hotspot" reef, 5 nautical miles west of northern end of Flinders Island, 33°40'30"S, 134°22'00"E, 17 m, 19 April 1985, coll. G.C.B. Poore, SA 65.

New South Wales: many specimens, AM P.72913, East Wall, north of Burrewarra Point, 35°50'1"S, 150°14'9"E, 25 m, macroalga Corallina berteri, 25 October 2002, coll. G.D.F. Wilson, A.J. Millar andN. Yee, NSW 1987.

Tasmania: 2 specimens, AM P.83563, Joes Bight, Freycinet Peninsula, 42°16'42"S, 148°18'42"E, 17 m, flat red algae with under surface heavily encrusted with epiphytes, 1 May 1991, coll. R.T. Springthorpe and S.J. Keable, TAS 346; 4 specimens, AM P.83564, Joes Bight, Freycinet Peninsula, 42°16'42"S, 148°18'42"E, 17 m, Ecklonia sp. holdfasts, 1 May 1991, coll. R.T. Springthorpe and S.J. Keable, TAS 329; many specimens, AM P.83567, Rocky Cape, 40°51'S, 145°31'E, 6 m, algae, 8 December 1977, coll. C.J. Short, TAS-5; 1 specimen, AM P.83560, east of Hannants Bight, Cape Sorell, 42°11'30"S, 145°11'30"E, 15 m, mixed sponges, 28 April 1991, coll. R.T. Springthorpe and P.M. Berents, TAS 308; 4 specimens, AM P.83557, north side of Esperance Point, D'Entrecasteaux Channel, 43°19'30"S, 14°75'30"E, 14 m, mixed red algae, sponges and Caulerpa sp., 18 April 1991,coll. S.J. Keable, J.K. Lowry and R.T. Springthorpe, TAS 179; many specimens, AM P.83562, north side of Esperance Point, D'Entrecasteaux Channel, 43°19'30"S, 14°75'30"E, 13 m, sponges, lace bryozoan, red algae and? Vittaticella, 18 April 1991,coll. S.J. Keable, J.K. Lowry and R.T. Springthorpe, TAS 187; many specimens, AM P.83559, Cemetery Bluff, Adventure Bay, Bruny Island, 43°19'48"S, 147°19'12"E 15 m, macroalga Ecklonia sp. holdfasts, 23 April 1991,coll. R.T. Springthorpe and P.M. Berents, TAS-252; 1 specimen, AM P.83561, Cemetery Bluff, Adventure Bay,Bruny Island, 43°19'48"S, 147°19'12"E, 15 m, red algae, 23 April 1991, coll. R.T. Springthorpe and P.M. Berents, TAS-253; 1 specimen, AM P.83558, Cemetery Bluff, Adventure Bay, Bruny Island, 43°19'48"S, 147°19'12"E, 15 m, sponges, 23 April 1991,coll. R.T. Springthorpe and P.M. Berents, TAS-249; 4 specimens, AM P.83566, Quiet Corner, Adventure Bay, South Bruny Island, 43°21'30"S, 147°19'30"E, 3 m, orange "frilly"bryozoan, 22 April 1991,coll. P.B. Berents and P.M. Berents, TAS 235; 6 specimens, AM P.83565, Quiet Corner, Adventure Bay, South Bruny Island, 43°21'30"S, 147°19'30"E, 1–2 m, kelp holdfasts, 22 April 1991, coll. P.B. Berents and P.M. Berents, TAS 233.

Norfolk Island: 1 specimen, AM P.81498, east of Sail Rock, Phillip Island, 29°06'54"S, 167°57'31"E, 10.6 m, red algae with encrusting fauna, 14 May 2008, coll. L.E. Hughes, MI NFK 23; 1 specimen, AM P.81499, Cow Bay, Phillip Island, 29°09"S, 167°57'03"E, 12.8 m, red sponge like algae, 14 May 2008, coll. L.E. Hughes, MI NFK 33; 1 male, dissected, 4 slides, AM P.81500, dive site ‘The Wall’, Nepean Island, 29°04'17"S, 167°57'40"E, 10 m, tufted red and brown algae, 15 May 2008, coll. J.K. Lowry, MI NFK 43.

Type locality. Clark Island, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution. Australia: Western Australia: Cottesloe; Albany; King George Sound; Cape Range National Park; Port Harding; Kalbarri; Cape Peron; Vancouver Peninsula; Cape Riche; Dongara; Two Peoples Bay (J.L. Barnard 1972a; current study); South Australia: Flinders Island; Investigator Group; Cape Northumberland; Ceduna; Greenly Island; Gulf of St Vincent; Nuyts Archipelago; Yorke Peninsula; Kangaroo Island; Point Noarlunga; Eyre Penninsula; Cape Jaffa; Cape Thomas (J.L. Barnard 1972a; current study); Victoria: Port Phillip (J.L. Barnard 1972a); New South Wales: Port Jackson; Burrewarra Point (Haswell 1879; Chiton 1916; current study); Tasmania: eastern slope of Bass Strait; Freycinet Peninsula; Rocky Cape; Cape Sorell; D'Entrecasteaux Channel; Bruny Island (Chilton 1921; current study); Lord Howe Island (Chilton 1916); Norfolk Island: Phillip Island; Nepean Island (current study).