PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This article examines the importance of teaching a foreign language to preschool children. Particular attention is paid to the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of older preschool children in the study of a foreign language.


KEY WORDS
Foreign language, early age, preschool children, physiological process, phonemic hearing, intellectual capabilities.
Changes in economic, political, social conditions, modernization of the economy, international cooperation -put at the head the problem of early learning of foreign languages and encourage parents and teachers to look for new opportunities for learning a foreign language from an early age.
In the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education", the first place is given to the personality, its formation with a decent level of knowledge, culture, as well as its integration into national and world culture. According to the requirements of the present century -technology and technology, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his message to the Oliy Majlis noted the study of foreign languages as a priority. In this regard, in Uzbekistan, special attention is paid to teaching foreign languages to preschool children. Foreign languages such as English, Chinese are being introduced in preschool educational institutions, there are also private kindergartens with a focus on French and German.
Nowadays, there are a huge number of opportunities for practicing a foreign language and for preschool children, these opportunities have expanded: watching educational programs in a foreign language, cartoons on the Internet and on satellite television, listening to audio recordings and reading authentic books with poems and fairy tales, traveling abroad, where the child finds himself in a natural linguistic environment, which is a powerful mechanism that can retrain passive knowledge of the language and active knowledge. The introduction of a child to a foreign language culture from an early age becomes possible due to all of the above factors.
In this regard, one of the needs of society is the introduction of a foreign language into human life, starting from preschool age. At this stage of development of society, one of the most important components of a preschooler's life is teaching him a foreign language.
Preschool age is the period from three to seven years. preschool age, an accelerated growth rate occurs, the proportions of the body change noticeably, and the body's endurance increases. Full physical development and the foundation of health are laid in the sixth year of life, and habits and character traits also begin to take shape. Excitation processes prevail over inhibition processes. Preschoolers have extremely unstable attention, they are quickly distracted and tired of monotonous work. 3 In older preschool age, it becomes possible for children to master various kinds of manual labor, since there is an active development of planning and selfassessment of labor activity -the mastered types of labor are performed efficiently, quickly and consciously. 4 Speech continues to improve, including the pronunciation of all sounds -hissing, whistling and sonorous. Phonemic hearing, intonational expressiveness of speech develop when reading poetry, in roleplaying games and in everyday life. The vocabulary is becoming richer -synonyms and antonyms are used, the grammatical structure of speech is improving. Coherent speech develops, statements become conscious. The interest in fairy tales, which act as a means of emotional and informational influence on the child's personality, the transfer of people's life experience, is actively growing. The child can retell from the picture, conveying not only the main thing, but also the details. 5 A child 5-7 years old at this age has very important achievements, these include: a high level of intellectual development, including thinking and memorization. During this period of time, the child forms a volume of knowledge and skills, which is necessary for the further development of memory, imagination and analysis.
The intellectual capabilities of children are expanding -the brain of a six-year-old child approaches that of an adult. The child begins to highlight essential features in objects and phenomena, and also establishes causeand-effect relationships between them, spatial, temporal and other relationships. Children have a sufficient amount of knowledge about time boundaries: morning, afternoon, evening, night; yesterday Today Tomorrow; sooner-later. They are oriented in a sequence of days of the week, seasons and months. They confidently master the orientation of space and on a plane: left-to-right, top-down, front-back, close-far, above-below. 6 The preschool period is an important stage in the development of mental processes, the active development of thinking. Their interest in the world around them is actively growing, and logical thinking is also developing. It is at this age that children are characterized by natural curiosity, quick and easy assimilation of language material. Also, this period is the most appropriate for learning a foreign language, since children at this time have just a colossal memory. The child remembers a large amount of material for a long time and quickly enough, which will undoubtedly be useful to him in the future, at school, the child will feel confident, which means there will be a great interest in continuing to study a foreign language.