A revision of the genus Metallolophia Warren (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Geometrinae)

The Geometrine genus Metallolophia is revised. In addition to the 11 species known, five new species are described as new. All the known species are redescribed and lectotypes are designated for M. opalina (Warren), M. arenaria (Leech) and M. danielaria (Oberthür) (=M. arenaria (Leech)). The male of M. ocellata (Warren) and the females of M. medullosa Inoue and M. devecisi Herbulot are described for the first time. The generic characters based on all species are summarized and a key to all taxa is given. Illustrations of moths and genitalia are presented. The new and revised taxa are: Metallolophia purpurivenata sp. nov., Metallolophia cuneataria sp. nov., Metallolophia inanularia sp. nov., Metallolophia flavomaculata sp. nov., Metallolophia stueningi sp. nov. and Metallolophia ostrumaria Xue, syn. nov. (of Metallolophia albescens Inoue).


Introduction
Warren (1895) described the genus Metallolophia to accommodate the Bornean species Hypochroma vitticosta Walker. His brief original description is as follows: 'Fore wings narrower than in the allied genera, cut away at the anal angle; antenna of male thick, beset with very short, stout pectinations; abdomen with metallic crests on first three segments'. Prout (1912a) re-defined and redescribed the genus, using many more characters. He included Terpna opalina Warren, Terpna (?) ocellata Warren, Terpna subradiata Warren and Pachyodes arenaria Leech in the genus. He also discussed the relationship of Metallolophia to Aeolochroma Prout, 1912 andTerpna (5Pachyodes Guenée, [1858]: Terpna, based on a misspelling, is an unavailable name (see Fletcher 1979)). Although Prout speculated that Metallolophia might be a 'section' of Aeolochroma, he left both genera separate, and gave as the most important diagnostic character: 'The inner margin of the hind wing seems always relatively longer than in Aeolochroma'. Discussing the metallic crests on the abdomen, Prout argued that 'the metallic crests are not of generic value, being apparently absent in all but the type species, while on the other hand they are shown in one species of Aeolochroma'. He

Tribal and subtribal affiliation
Metallolophia belongs to the group of stout-bodied genera within the Geometrini tentatively defined as the subtribe Pseudoterpniti by Holloway (1996). Holloway provided a number of characters defining the genus, in particular the presence of dark streaks or spots basal to the fore wing discal spot, and the diagnostic ornamentation of the valve, consisting of 'a rather boarmiine-like expansion and setation to the apex of the costa; a central basal lobe; a sclerotised, digitate or blade-like saccular process'. He mentioned in addition the apical saw-like serration on the aedeagus, and the single moderate, rather blunt cornutus distally on the small vesica. Additional distinctions from closely related genera are given in the section below on 'diagnosis'. Contrary to Holloway (1996), a lack of setal patches on the third sternite does not define the genus, since we found such patches in a number of species of the genus ( Figure 79). Dr Dieter Stü ning (in private correspondence) found that the setae on the cucullus of the valvae are very specialized, being scale-like, apically flattened and dentate ( Figure 80). This character could be diagnostic for the genus, though not all species have been examined for this character.

Description
Frons not prominent; palpus short, strong, the third segment minute in male, variable in female; antenna in male lamellate in type species, variable in remaining species  (Walker), (c, d): M. arenaria (Leech). Scale bar: 1 mm; (e): venation of M. vitticosta (Walker). , in female simple; body stout, coax and ventral side of thorax hairy; abdomen with dorsal crests on segments 2-4, in some species metallic and glossy. Wings with outer margin crenulate or rounded, hind wing in male with inner margin elongate; discal spots on both upperside and underside of wings prominently large, pale centred and bounded by a dark line. In most species, a tinge of purple or violet on wings, especially on underside.
Venation (Figure 1e). Fore wing: subcosta and R 1 free, R 2-5 stalked, discocellulars curved, M 2 arising from the middle of the discocellulars, generally not close to M 1 . Hind wing: Rs arising from cell, not stalked with M 1 ; 3A present.
Male genitalia. Uncus vestigial, socii like pencil tips, lying close to each other. Saccus small. Valva generally broad, costa expanded to the apex, with a thick patch of scale-like setae; a well-developed basal lobe extending to the centre of the valva; saccular process sclerotized, terminal part expanded, covered with minute spines; aedeagus with a sclerotized saw-like band, vesica small, with a single 'Y'-shaped cornutus. In most species, male abdomen with a pair of setal patches on 3rd sternite, sometimes the two setal patches expanded and joined together.

Differentiation from related genera
This genus differs from Aeolochroma Prout in that the discocellulars of the fore wing are not angled at M 2 , and the inner margin of the hind wing is elongate, and always distinctly longer than the costa; from Pachyodes Guenée in that the frons is not prominent (in Pachyodes the frons is very strongly protuberant), vein M 2 of the fore wing arises from the middle of the discocellulars, and generally not close to the base of M 1 . In general, characters of the genitalia as described by Holloway (1996) are the best distinction, but the most constant external characters of Metallolophia are: the discal spots on both upperside and underside are prominently large, especially on the fore wing, pale centred and bounded by a dark line; on the underside of the fore wing there is always a round black or dark purple spot proximally to the discal spot and a purplish streak below the round spot; in most species there is a tinge of purple or violet on the wings, especially on the underside.  : Warren, 1895: 88;Prout, 1912a: 37;Prout, 1932: 54, pl. 8f;Holloway, 1996: 203, Figures 147, 157, pl. 5: 17.

Description
Length of fore wing " 19 mm; R 21 mm. Vertex, frons and terminal half of palpus blackish brown mixed with a few red scales in male, pale brown in female. Antenna in male lamellate, with the segments short and broad (Figure 1a, b), in female almost simple, all segments shorter than diameter of flagellum. Third segment of female palpus elongate, as long as one-third of second. Abdominal crests strongly metallic. Wings in male narrowed, fore wing elongate, its outer margin very oblique; hind wing with inner margin much more elongate than in other species. Both sexes with outer margin of both wings strongly crenulate. Fore wing with a pale (white in fresh specimens) zone below the costa, rest of wings suffused with brown (green in fresh specimens), discal spots and postmedian lines indistinct on both wings. An indistinct zigzag antemedian line present on fore wing below the pale zone, the postmedian line on fore wing running outwards from costa to M 3 , then suddenly turning back inward, gently bending to inner margin, forming a blunt angle on M 3 . Underside pale brown, with a hue of light purplish, outer half with a faint dark subterminal band. Fore wing with a blackish purple double-streak-like discal spot, a round black spot proximally to it and a faint purplish streak below the round spot. Hind wing with a faint, elongate discal spot on upperside.
Male genitalia ( Figure 53). Valva broad at the terminal half. Central basal lobe and saccular process long; terminal part of the lobe blade-like; end of saccular process shortly curved, outer margin of process irregularly expanded and forming some characteristic thorns.

Description
Length of fore wing: 26-27 mm. Head light brown; third segment of palpus not elongate. Antenna thickened filiform in male, simple in female, segments as long as diameter of flagellum. Abdominal crests minute, with a few metallic scales. Wings broad, the outer margin of both wings shallowly crenulate. Fore wing with a broad pale zone below costa, the remainder brown, scattered with dense dark purplish brown streaks, the terminal area olive-green between veins. Antemedian line zigzag on fore wing, discal spots on both wings rather large, with the dark boundaries very faint. Postmedian line dentate, forming sharp teeth on M 1 and M 3 on fore wing, with short blackish teeth projecting distad along veins on hind wing. Underside almost uniformly purplish, fore wing with an elongate streak proximally to the discal spot, hind wing underside with dark purple discal spot.
Male genitalia ( Figure 54). Socii with lower third constricted and upper third bulging, tips hook-like. Terminal part of central basal lobe of valva round and reniform. Saccular process short, terminal part straight. Valva expanded to a curving lobe distal to the saccular process, then gently narrowing to the apex.

Description
Length of fore wing: " 21-24 mm; R 25 mm. Frons and palpus brown to blackish brown; female palpus with third segment somewhat elongate; antenna simple in both sexes, all segments shorter than diameter of flagellum in male; abdominal crests metallically glossy, but rather weaker than in type species. Wings of male broader than in type species; outer margin of fore wing not oblique and inner margin of hind wing only slightly elongate. Wing shape of female as in previous species. Pale zone on fore wing distinct, the densely scattered dark streaks fresh violet rather than purplish brown. Discal spots distinctly narrower than in M. opalina (Warren). The most important difference compared to the previous species is that the postmedian line of the fore wing is nearly straight, though dentate from inner margin to costa. Underside of wings suffused with a pale purplish hue, the subterminal band darker but not clearly defined; discal spots on both wings dark purplish, a small streak in the cell and a large one on the fold proximally to the discal spot on the fore wing.
Male genitalia ( Figure 55). Tip of socii a little bent. Valva ample, terminal part of central basal lobe rounded. Saccular process strong, terminal part flattened into an obliquely dentate apex.
Female genitalia (Figure 71). Ductus bursae not sharply divided from corpus bursae, total length of both about 1.5 times the apophyses posteriores.

Diagnosis
This new species differs from all congeners in that all veins are covered with dark purple on the underside of the wings, and in the extremely small saccular process of the male valve.  : Prout, 1912a: 38;Prout, 1932: 54;Holloway, 1996: 203, Figures 146, pl. 5: 18.

Description
Length of fore wing: " 23 mm; R 25 mm. Frons and terminal half of palpus greyish brown; third segment of female palpus moderately elongate. Antenna very weakly lamellate or serrate in male, simple in female. Abdominal crests very weak, without metallic glossy sheen. Wings rather broad, inner margin of hind wing in both sexes slightly elongate, outer margin weakly crenulate. Fore wing pale brown mixed with dense dark purplish streaks and irregular greenish irroration; a large pale area below costa from antemedian to postmedian line; discal spot reniform, with centre pale greenish and ring black; antemedian line zigzag; postmedian line dentate. Hind wing darker than fore wing, tinged with red brown near base and becoming greyish brown or greenish towards outer margin; discal spot white-centred, ring inconspicuous. Underside pale, the yellow area from base extending to middle of wing, sometimes even to the dark subterminal band on the hind wing; discal spot and small streak proximally to it on fore wing underside dark purple; a large but pale streak on the fold; hind wing underside with discal spot absent in male and very weak in female.
Male genitalia (Figure 58). Socii thick and short. Valva broad at proximal half, abruptly narrowing beyond the middle point; terminal part of central basal lobe very broad, semicircular, much more weakly sclerotized. Saccular process stick-like, thin and long, only very slightly expanded at the tip.
Female genitalia (Figure 72). Ductus bursae short and narrow, gradually merging with corpus bursae, total length of both about 1.8 times that of apophyses posteriores.

Specimens examined
Malaysia

Description
Length of fore wing: " 22-24 mm; R 24 mm. Antennae in both sexes filiform. Differs from congeners in broader wings, reminiscent of Pingasa. Wings white, basal and terminal area olive-green. Fore wing with a double wave in the antemedian line, inner margin of discal spots deeply concave; postmedian line olive-green, dentate; an indistinct white patch at the middle of the terminal dark band. Hind wing with discal spot very faint. Underside white, fore wing with purplish tinge, a dark purple spot proximal to discal spot and a shuttle-like patch below the origin of Cu 2 ; hind wing underside with a very small discal spot; terminal area of both wings underside occupied by a dark purple band, with white spots at apex and middle.
Male genitalia (Figure 59). Near M. subradiata (Warren). Socii narrower than in that species. Terminal half of valva triangular; basal lobe very narrow and small. Stick-like saccular process much broader at terminal half. Aedeagus shorter than in M. subradiata (Warren). Male abdomen lacking setal patches on third sternite.

Description
Male. Length of fore wing: 16-17 mm. Frons brown, terminal half of palpus greyish brown. Antenna lamellate. Abdominal crests strongly metallically glossy. Wings broad, hind wing with inner margin only slightly elongated, outer margin of both wings weakly crenulate. Wing colour much paler than all congeners, with a tinge of incarnadine. Markings dark brown, without purplish on upperside. Antemedian line on fore wing slightly wavy, almost vertical to inner margin; shape of postmedian line similar to that of M. vitticosta (Walker), with the angle on M 3 very sharp and pointed; subterminal line with a row of small dots between veins and a big dark patch on costa. Postmedian line on hind wing dentate, with a sharp and very exaggerated tooth on M 3 ; subterminal line expressed as a faint but conspicuous band, with blackish teeth between veins, the two teeth between M 1 and M 3 being much larger than the others. Rings of discal spots on both wings irregularly shaped, with a conspicuous irroration of dark brown scales below the hind wing discal spot. Underside suffused with pale purplish grey tinge, fore wing with discal spot dark brown, shaped like a double streak, with a minute round white-centred black spot proximal to the discal spot, and a faint brown patch below the round spot; discal spot on hind wing very faint; both wings with an inconspicuous dark subterminal band.
Male genitalia (Figure 60). Socii comparatively narrow. Valva of almost equal width throughout; terminal part of central basal lobe evenly rounded at the apex, and weakly sclerotized. Saccular process narrow, blade-like.
Female. Unknown. Abdominal crests with metallic glossy sheen. Wing shape as in previous species, with colour more grey or greyish brown, irrorated with many more dark blackish scales. Markings on both wings and both upper-and underside same as in M. variegata Holloway, but subterminal lines missing; discal spot, although of same shape as in that species, much weaker on upperside; underside much darker, purplish grey, subterminal band rather indistinct.

Specimens examined
Male genitalia. Very similar to previous species, differing only in having the apical part of the valva narrower, the central basal lobe of the valva somewhat quadrate and the blade-like saccular process slightly broader.
Female genitalia (Figure 74). Very similar to those of M. albescens Inoue. Ductus bursae somewhat thinner and shorter, corpus bursae a little bigger.

Distribution
Brunei.

Remarks
It is possible that M. cineracea and M. variegata may represent seasonal forms or ecologically separated forms of the same species, judging from the similarity of the genitalia, size and pattern, but more collecting, particularly in the areas between the locations where the type material originates, would be necessary to establish this.

Description
Male. Length of fore wing: 17.5-18 mm. A little larger than previous two species. Head pale brown, antenna bipectinate. Wings ochreous-grey, lines black. Fore wing with basal and terminal areas a little darker, central part paler; antemedian line very oblique, not waved, weakly curved near inner margin; discal spot relatively small, irregularly shaped, slightly produced outwards at upper and lower angles; postmedian line oblique and nearly straight from costa to M 3 , forming a small angle at M 3 and then running outwards again to Cu 1 , where it forms a very sharp angle and turns back, deeply curved, to inner margin. Hind wing more uniformly coloured, with white-centred discal spot incompletely ringed with black; postmedian line almost same shape as on fore wing, with longest tooth on Cu 1 , not on M 3 as in other species; short black bars running outwards from postmedian on veins, especially Rs, M 1 , M 3 and Cu 1 . Underside whitish pink, with barely visible shadow of upperside lines; fore wing with discal spot in the form of a double streak and anterior half of postmedian line dark purplish; a dark patch before apex on costa.
Male genitalia (Figure 61). Socii broad at base, curving outwards to a narrow point. Small uncus present between socii. Valva narrow, a little curved ventrally at middle. Terminal part of basal lobe of valva shaped like a crow's head, with the beak very sharply pointed. Saccular process narrow but strongly sclerotized, with three or four huge spines on the terminal part. Aedeagus relatively small.

Specimens examined
India  Prout 1912a: 38;Prout 1912b: 12, pl. 1e;Prout 1932: 54. Chu 1981. Hypochroma danielaria Oberthü r 1913: 291, pl. 173, Figure 1697. Lectotype R, China: [Sichuan]: Siao-lou, here designated (ZFMK). Metallolophia danielaria: Prout 1934: 6, pl. 1g (as syn. of Metallolophia arenaria (Leech)) Description Length of fore wing: " 22-26 mm; R 26-28.5 mm. Frons and palpus brown, mixed with black, third segment of female palpus elongated to equal one-third length of second segment. Male antennae shortly bipectinate, with antennal branches longer than diameter of flagellum (Figure 1c, d). Abdominal crests pale brown surrounded by black metallic hair-scales. Wings rather broad, hind wing with inner margin a little elongate in male. Outer margins on both wings rounded, without crenulations. Ground colour white, scattered with dense blackish purple scales. Area inside antemedian line of fore wing and terminal area of both wings suffused with olive green. Transverse lines black, gently waved and curved, without any sharp tooth, postmedian line on hind wing generally very faint or invisible. Large reniform discal spot on fore wing always ringed by a black boundary, with  its centre olive green; boundary of hind wing discal spot replaced by an indistinct olive patch. Underside white, markings bright to dark purple, almost identical on both wings; basal area with a quadrate or oval spot in middle of cell, a larger oval or shuttle-like patch below it on fold area (small or wanting in female hindwing), and fold area on fore wing suffused with uniform light violet; discal spots large and distinct on both wings; postmedian line narrow band-like, angled at base of cell, as dark as rings of discal spots; subterminal band a little lighter, extending to outer margin except on apices, which are white on both wings. Male genitalia (Figure 62). Socii thick and short. Valva strongly produced at middle, much narrower towards apex; basal lobe with its proximal half expanded, terminal half depressed in the middle, in the shape of a peanut. Saccular process thick but somewhat short, apical part expanded, bearing well-developed tiny spines. 'Y'-shaped cornutus in aedeagus well developed, vesica with an additional small bubble-like sclerite. Female genitalia (Figure 75). Corpus bursae with evenly tapered sides. Total length of ductus bursae and corpus bursae more than twice as long as apophyses posteriores.

Remarks
Lectotypes for Pachyodes arenaria Leech and Hypochroma danielaria Oberthü r are here designated in order to provide certainty and stability. This species, as well as the genus Metallolophia is new to the fauna of Taiwan. as follows: discal spot on upperside of fore wing narrower towards costa and expanded near lower end, where it is about twice as wide as at the upper end. Underside with discal spot on fore wing even more sharply expanded toward lower end, becoming pyriform; violet suffusion under cell and Cu 2 more uniform, lacking dark oval patch; subterminal band much weaker.
Male genitalia (Figure 63). Valva less produced at middle and much broadened apically. Basal lobe of valva much broader than in M. arenaria (Leech). Saccular process slightly thicker than in that species.
Female genitalia (Figure 76). Corpus bursae very long, its total length plus the short ductus bursae more than 3.4 times length of apophyses posteriores.

Diagnosis
Very close to M. arenaria (Leech), but differs from that species in having the discal spot on the fore wing differently shaped and lacking the dark oval patch beneath the cell on the fore wing underside. The different shape of the valva and its basal lobe in the male and the very long corpus bursae in the female are also distinctive. Body and wings scattered with extensive olive green. Outer margins of both wings weakly crenulate. Fore wing with transverse lines much thicker than in the two previous species; antemedian line deeply curved convexly, not with a double undulation as in its allies; postmedian line angled on M 3 (curved in the previous two species); large olive green discal spot almost without ring. Hind wing with discal spot very weak, the black postmedian line thin and clear. On underside, discal spots large, especially on hind wing, where spot expanded on both sides, proximally touching the patch in the cell and distally extending to the band-like postmedian line, which on both wings placed more proximally than in the allied species; subterminal band dark purple but much reduced, becoming a row of joined spots below M 3 on both wings; without light violet suffusion below cell and Cu 2 on fore wing, which is present in allied species.

Diagnosis
Weakly crenulate outer margins of both wings, absence of black ring on fore wing discal spot, curved antemedian and angled postmedian lines all distinguish this species from allied species. The female genitalia are very different from the previous two species, more similar to those of M. albescens Inoue, the markings of which are however different. Pseudoterpna ocellata: Hampson, 1903: 654. Metallolophia ocellata: Prout, 1912aProut, 1932: 54.

Description
Length of fore wing: 25 mm. Frons and palpus brown. Antenna in male shortly bipectinate, length of branches a little longer than diameter of the flagellum; female antenna simple. Abdominal crests ringed with blackish and with metallic gloss in male, the crests very weak in female. Wing shape similar to that of M. arenaria (Leech), male hind wing not narrowed, its inner margin only slightly elongate. Ground colour of wings white, with a tinge of purplish, irrorated with dark purple streaks; transverse markings brown to olive-green, forming three interrupted fasciae at the terminal area; fore wing with an inconspicuous pale band below costa. Discal spot on fore wing regular, heavily ringed black; that on the hind wing a little smaller and weaker. Fore wing with a small spot in the cell, proximal to discal spot, and a black streak below 2A near base. Underside white with purplish hue, yellow near base, markings dark purple; both wings with discal spots very dark, the white centre nearly obsolete; postmedian fascia fairly strong, running on fore wing straight from costa to M 3 ; subterminal band continuous, but with a whitish spot on apex and at middle on both wings and a white patch below middle of hind wing; fore wing with a small spot proximal to discal spot, and a large oval patch below it.
Male genitalia (Figure 64). Socii thinner and longer than in M. arenaria (Leech). Valva not produced at middle and quickly narrowing to apex. Terminal part of central basal lobe of valva triangular. Saccular process stick-like, thin but with tip a little expanded in shape of a foot. Male abdomen lacking setal patches on third sternite. Female genitalia not examined.

Distribution
North-east India; southern Vietnam.

Remarks
The male of this species is described here for the first time, which makes possible comparison of this species and the following M. devecisi Herbulot. See discussion under the latter.

Description
Length of fore wing: " 26 mm; R 27 mm. Very similar to the previous species M. ocellata (Warren). Frons and terminal part of palpus blackish brown. Abdominal crests almost without blackish hair. Wings, especially inner margin of hind wing, narrower and more elongate than ocellata. Fore wing with pale band below costa more conspicuous, hind wing with olive-green much extended along veins. Underside similar to ocellata, except that postmedian fascia on fore wing is rounded from costa to M 3 , then continuous to Cu 2 , where it bends outwards and forms a distinct angle at its inner margin.
Male genitalia (Figure 65). Very similar to those of M. ocellata. Valva not narrowed towards apex; basal lobe of valva a little smaller.
Female genitalia (Figure 78). Ductus bursae not clearly differentiated from corpus bursae, with a distinct sclerotized ring. Corpus bursae small and pyriform, with weakly sclerotized ridges on the posterior half.

Specimens examined
Malaysia  (Leech), the outer margins perfectly rounded, not produced at the ends of veins. Wing colour white scattered with sparse brown or grey scales, markings yellowish brown to grey on upperside, without purple lustre of other species. Fore wing with a basal yellow-brown patch, extending to postmedian fascia along costa; antemedian line consisting of some interrupted black streaks; discal spot large, partly ringed with blackish brown; postmedian fascia with a row of greyish brown spots and a thin line distally to the spots, the line bluntly angled on M 1 and M 3 ; a broad yellowish brown subterminal band interrupted at middle, and grey at apical area. Hind wing with discal spot, postmedian fascia and subterminal band lighter and greyer than on fore wing. Underside with a weak tinge of violet, markings dark greyish brown; marking patterns as in M. arenaria (Leech), the postmedian fascia placed more distally, and sharply angled on M 3 , while on hind wing very deeply curved outwards; subterminal band as on upperside, but darker.
Male genitalia (Figure 66). Close to M. arenaria (Leech). Socii short and broad. Shape of valva differs in more distinct angle at middle of saccular margin and much narrower terminal half. Terminal part of central basal lobe of valva slightly broadened. Saccular process more produced. The additional small bubble-like sclerite on vesica larger and rounder than in M. arenaria.

Diagnosis
This species can be easily recognized by its yellow-brown markings. The greater part of the wings is white and there is no purplish tinge or olive-green on the upper side.

Description
Male. Length of fore wing: 26-28 mm. Very close to M. arenaria (Leech). Frons and palpus black. Antennal branches distinctly shorter than diameter of flagellum. Abdominal crests on second abdominal segment very weak, on abdominal segments 3-4 normally developed, but without metallic gloss. Both wings with outer margin crenulate, the concavities between M 3 and Cu 1 deeper than the others. Wing colours as in M. arenaria, but with antemedian line on fore wing, and postmedian line on both wings much more sharply expressed; antemedian line of fore wing with a distinct inner, and postmedian line on both wings, a distinct outer white shade. Postmedian line on fore wing much more strongly curved than in M. arenaria. The large reniform discal spot on the fore wing broader, with the boundary weak and indistinct. Fringes olive green, mixed with a little white between veins. Underside: close to M. arenaria, but large reniform discal spot on both wings with the central white area reduced; purple postmedian band on fore wing stronger, with spot between Cu 1 and Cu 2 much expanded inwards, almost touching lower margin of cell. Trace of upperside postmedian line distinct between R 5 and Cu 1 , distant from postmedian band. Postmedian band on hind wing underside much weaker. Subterminal band dark purple, interrupted under M 3 , not extended to outer margin on fore wing.
Male genitalia (Figure 67). Socii thick and short. Valva narrower than that of M. arenaria, less produced at middle; basal lobe with the terminal half round, not peanut-shaped. Saccular process identical to that in M. arenaria. Aedeagus smaller, 'Y'-shaped cornutus much narrower, a little shorter, the additional bubble-like sclerite very small and weak.

Diagnosis
The new species is very closely related to M. arenaria (Leech), but there are several distinct differences. The antennal branches are as long as the diameter of the shaft, while in M. arenaria the antennal branches are always longer than the diameter of the shaft. The postmedian line on the fore wing between M 1 and Cu 1 protrudes much more strongly than in M. arenaria. On the fore wing underside, the postmedian band has the spot between Cu 1 and Cu 2 much more expanded inwards to near the lower margin of cell, and the subterminal band on the fore wing not extending to the outer margin, while in M. arenaria the spot between Cu 1 and Cu 2 is not expanded inwards, and the subterminal band extends to the outer margin. In the male genitalia the valvae are narrower, and the terminal half of the basal lobe round, as against centrally constricted in M. arenaria; the 'Y'-shaped cornutus and the additional bubble-like sclerite are smaller than those in M. arenaria. HOLOTYPE: ", Vietnam, Mt Fan-si-pan, Cha-pa, 1500-1800 m, 22u159N, 103u469E, 8-29 May 1993, coll. Sinjaev and Simonov, ex coll. A. Schintlmeister (ZFMK). PARATYPES: 3"", N. Vietnam: Mt Fan-si-pan, Cha-pa, 1500-1800 m, 22u159N, 103u469E, 8-29 May 1993, coll. Sinjaev and Simonov, ex coll. A. Schintlmeister; 1", N. Vietnam, Mt Fan-si-pan, western slopes, Cha-pa (5Sapa), 1600-1800 m, 22u09N, 103u09E, sec. forest/cult. area, 10 June to 6 July 1994, coll. V. Sinjaev and local collectors (ZFMK); 1", N. Vietnam: Mt Fan-si-pan, Cha-pa, 1500-1800m, 22u159N, 103u469E, 8-29 May 1993.

Distribution
Vietnam.