Nine new species of Muricidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the French Antilles

ABSTRACT Nine new species of Muricidae from Guadeloupe, mainly collected during the 2012 KARUBENTHOS expedition, are described. Typhinellus lamyi n. sp. is compared with the similar species T. labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) from the Mediterranean Sea and T. occlusus (Garrard, 1963) from the Philippines. Dermomurex (Trialatella) pruvosti n. sp., D. (T.) boucheti n. sp., D. (T.) fajouensis n. sp. and D. (T.) tararensis n. sp. are compared with D. abyssicola (Crosse, 1865) occurring in the same area and with D. (T.) oxum Petuch, 1979 which ranges from Panama to Brazil. Pygmaepterys pointieri n. sp. and P. karukerensis n. sp. are compared with P. germainae Vokes & D'Attilio, 1980 and P. aliceae (Petuch, 1987). Muricopsis guadalupensis n. sp. is compared with M. caribbaea (Bartsch & Rehder, 1939) occurring throughout the Tropical West Atlantic and to M. marcusi Vokes, 1994 from Brazil. Lindapterys domlamyi n. sp. is compared with L. sanderi Petuch, 1987 from Barbados and Brazil and to the type species of the genus, L. vokesae Petuch, 1987 from the Early Miocene of Florida (USA). The name Murex hexagonus Lamarck, 1816, usually considered to be a primary homonym of Murex hexagonus (Gmelin, 1791), is rehabilitated (article 23.9.5, ICZN 1999). A lectotype of this species, is designated from the two syntypes housed in the MNHNG. Murex hexagonus is compared with other related Murexsul from the Caribbean area including M. oxytatus (Smith, 1938), M. zylmanae (Petuch, 1993), M. huberti (Radwin & D'Attilio, 1976), M. chesleri Houart, 2006, M. sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987), M. warreni (Petuch, 1993) and M. jahami Merle & Garrigues, 2011.


INTRODUCTION
The Lesser Antilles is an area of the Caribbean displaying a very rich muricid fauna, with 84 presently known species (Lamy & Pointier, in press). Since the year 2000, five new species have been described from this region Houart 2006;Merle & Garrigues 2011). Recent marine malacological research carried out in Guadeloupe (Fig. 1) has led to the discovery of ten additional muricid species described here as new and belonging to the genera Typhinellus Jousseaume, 1880, Dermomurex Monterosato, 1890, Pygmaepterys Vokes, 1978, Muricopsis Bucquoy & Dautzenberg, 1882, Murexsul Iredale, 1915and Lindapterys Petuch, 1987. The majority of these species were discovered in May 2012, during the KARUBENTHOS expedition (Principal Investigator: Philippe Bouchet), organized jointly by the National Park of Guadeloupe, MNHN, UAG, and UPMC. This paper follows t tertiary cord (cord appearing in third order extreme abapical siphonal primary cord; D1-D6 abapical apertural denticles; ID infrasutural apertural denticle; IP infrasutural primary cord; MP median siphonal primary cord; ms median siphonal secondary cord; P primary cord (cord appearing in first order); P1 shoulder cord; P2-P6 primary cords of the convex part of the teleoconch whorl; s secondary cord (cord appearing in second order); s1-s6 secondary cords of the convex part of the teleoconch whorl; Apical angle of 85°. Suture impressed crossed by a laminar extension connecting the shoulder spine to the preceding teleoconch whorl. Spiral sculpture: IP on the sutural ramp, P1 corresponding to anal tube, P2, P3, P4 and P5 on convex part of the whorl, P6, ADP, MP on siphonal canal. Primary cords slightly marked near the varices. P1 and P2 appearing since the first whorl. Primary cord spines on IP, P2, P3, P4 and P5. On the last whorl, broad varical flange up to the extremity of siphonal canal. Four ventrally sealed anal tubes (P1 spine), abapically and dorsally recurved, forming an angle of 30° with the axis of the shell. Last tube intact, others cut down. Axial sculpture: four varices since the first whorl. Aperture rounded. Columellar lip smooth, erected. No anal sulcus. Outer lip erected and smooth within. Siphonal canal winding, ventrally sealed, dorsally curved, up to 40.4 % of the total length. Microsculpture of growing grooves. Shell chocolate, beige and white. Anal tubes (P1), siphonal canal and aperture whitish. Several dark blotches on the ventral part of the siphonal canal (3 blotches) and the outer lip (4 blotches). Operculum and radula unknown.

CompArison
Because of its moderately high shape and its developed cords spines, Typhinellus lamyi n. sp. should be compared with T. occlusus (Garrard, 1963) recorded from the Philippines and New Caledonia (80-200 m deep) and with T. labiatus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832). Specimens of T. occlusus can resemble T. lamyi n. sp. in bearing three dark blotches on the siphonal canal (Fig. 2I and Hardy 2014); however, T. occlusus (Fig. 2I) differs mainly by a smaller aperture, a longer siphonal canal (45.6 % of the total length) and a larger size up to 25-35 mm (instead 9.5-13 mm). On the biogeographical point of view, T. labiatus is closer to T. lamyi n. sp., both species living in the Atlantic Ocean. The shape of T. labiatus is rather similar to that of T. lamyi n. sp. and as for T. occlusus, several specimens of T. labiatus can resemble T. lamyi n. sp. in bearing three dark blotches on the siphonal canal (Hardy 2014). T. labiatus (Fig. 2G, H) differs by its spiral sculpture; it displays secondary cords spines s2 and s4 missing in T. lamyi n. sp. (Fig. 11A).           desCription of holotype Protoconch 1, 75 whorls. Teleoconch biconic, H 7.6 mm, D 3.9 mm. Spire high of 4.5 whorls. Last whorl rounded, 73 % of the total length of teleoconch. Apical angle of 49°. Spiral sculpture consisting in marked primary cords. First whorl: appearance of a shoulder spine and later formation of P1 and P2. Last whorl: sutural ramp, appearance of IP; convex part of the whorl, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 well developed; siphonal canal, P6 placed on the top, ADP and MP present. Axial sculpture with lamellose varices since the first whorl. Aperture ovate. Columellar lip smooth, slightly erected anteriorly. Outer lip erected and ondulated. Internal denticles ID, D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5. Siphonal canal open and dorsally recurved, of 23 % of the total length of teleoconch. Squamous microsculpture with erected growing lamellae. Shell creamy with brown bands in P3 and between P5 and P6. Aperture creamy. Operculum and radula unknown.

CompArison
Pygmaepterys pointieri n. sp. differs from P. germainae Vokes & D'Attilio, 1980 ( Fig. 5J-M) by a higher spire, a narrower shape, the lack of columellar folds and a brown notch near the suture. The holotype of P. aliceae (Petuch, 1987) is an eroded shell with a somewhat eroded ornamentation (Fig. 5I). However, P. pointieri n. sp. is distinguishing from P. aliceae by a more shouldered shell with a P1 spine which is adapically turned. The brown bands of P. pointieri n. sp. are lacking in P. aliceae which is entirely white.       CompArison Lindapterys domlamyi n. sp. is compared with L. sanderi Petuch, 1987 (Fig. 10C, F, G), the single living species occurring in the western Atlantic area and to the type species of the genus, L. vokesae Petuch, 1987 (Fig. 10D, E). Lindapterys sanderi differs by the number of its protovarices on the first whorls (between 10 and 20), by a higher spire, by an outer lip widely flaring, by five denticles D1 These photos correspond to the species that we identified as the eighth species.

Pygmaepterys karukerensis
CompArison (see Also tAble 3) Murexsul oxytatus (Fig. 7G, H) is distinguished from M. hexagonus by columellar folds and by a shorter siphonal canal. In M. oxytatus, the length of siphonal canal is 24 % of the total length of the teleoconch (average on 11 spm), instead of 28 % for M. hexagonus (average on 14 spm), see also Fig. 9. In addition, the cord spines P1 of M. hexagonus are longer than those of M. oxytatus. Murexsul zylmanae (Fig. 7I) differs from M. hexagonus by hypertrophied cord spines P1, P3 and P5, an atrophied P4, a longer siphonal canal and a more acute spire. Murexsul huberti (Fig. 7J) has a lower spire than M. hexagonus with an apical angle of 54° instead of 44°. It displays seven varices on last whorl instead six. The protoconch is also shorter with 1.25 whorls instead 1.5 whorls. Murexsul chesleri (Fig. 7K) exhibits a shorter siphonal canal, a broader infrasutural ramp. In M. chesleri, the cord spine P3 is longer than the P1 cord spine whereas in M. hexagonus, the P1 cord spine is longer than the P3 cord spine. Murexsul sunderlandi (Petuch, 1987) has a more globose shell with a lower spire and a peculiar red colour with white spiral bands.
In comparison with M. warreni (Petuch, 1993), M. hexagonus displays a narrower shape, a higher spire and a longer siphonal canal. Murexsul warreni bears a white color white with black spots. Murexsul jahami Merle & Garrigues, 2011, differs from M. hexagonus by an inflated last whorl, a P5 less developed, a more expanded columellar lip and a very scabrous surface.