Journal article Open Access
Liu, Jian
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <resource xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.1/metadata.xsd"> <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5118653</identifier> <creators> <creator> <creatorName>Liu, Jian</creatorName> <givenName>Jian</givenName> <familyName>Liu</familyName> <affiliation>Tenured Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning & Design, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China</affiliation> </creator> </creators> <titles> <title>Influences of Planning Policies on Community Shaping in China: From Past to Present</title> </titles> <publisher>Zenodo</publisher> <publicationYear>2019</publicationYear> <subjects> <subject>community shaping; planning policy; social management; spatial organization; Chinese cities</subject> </subjects> <dates> <date dateType="Issued">2019-12-15</date> </dates> <language>en</language> <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="JournalArticle"/> <alternateIdentifiers> <alternateIdentifier alternateIdentifierType="url">https://zenodo.org/record/5118653</alternateIdentifier> </alternateIdentifiers> <relatedIdentifiers> <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="IsVersionOf">10.5281/zenodo.5118652</relatedIdentifier> </relatedIdentifiers> <rightsList> <rights rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights> <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights> </rightsList> <descriptions> <description descriptionType="Abstract"><p>In China, as in other countries of the world, communities, which are often considered as self-governing social organizations, are shaped&nbsp;and influenced by many factors. Different from other studies, this paper approaches the issue of community shaping from a planning perspective&nbsp;<br> and tries to answer the questions of how Chinese communities have been physically shaped throughout history and what influences the planning&nbsp;policies have on communities&rsquo; scales, forms, and functions. Hereby, the planning policies concern not only the spatial organization, but also the&nbsp;<br> social management of communities. The research is elaborated chronologically, dividing the history of community development in China roughly&nbsp;into four periods according to socio-economic development trends, planning objectives, and community characters. The narration is mainly based&nbsp;<br> on literature work and case studies, with a focus on the social and spatial characters of urban communities. The paper concludes that before the&nbsp;modernization of China, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into a gated Li-Fang pattern by traditional city building principles, in accordance with the regulations on social management, in spite of the terminological changes in different dynasties and the opening of gated communities&nbsp;during certain dynasties. In the thirty years of the planned economy, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into inward Danwei (or work unit)&nbsp;<br> communities of perimeter blocks by the urban planning institution, which was regarded as a technical tool of the planned socio-economic development to support national industrialization. In the next thirty years of economic transition, Chinese communities were further shaped into gated&nbsp;<br> commodity housing communities of super blocks under the influence of reforms and the guidance of urban planning regulations. In the period of&nbsp;new urbanization, Chinese communities face the challenge of transforming towards a dense grid, with narrow streets and small blocks, and promoting public engagement in community building, in view of the requirements for quality-oriented development.</p></description> </descriptions> <fundingReferences> <fundingReference> <funderName>European Commission</funderName> <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Crossref Funder ID">10.13039/100010661</funderIdentifier> <awardNumber awardURI="info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/770141/">770141</awardNumber> <awardTitle>Transition towards urban sustainability through socially integrative cities in the EU and in China</awardTitle> </fundingReference> </fundingReferences> </resource>
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