Journal article Open Access
Liu, Jian
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:adms="http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:dctype="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/" xmlns:dcat="http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#" xmlns:duv="http://www.w3.org/ns/duv#" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:frapo="http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/" xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#" xmlns:gsp="http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#" xmlns:locn="http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:prov="http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#" xmlns:wdrs="http://www.w3.org/2007/05/powder-s#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5118653"> <dct:identifier rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5118653</dct:identifier> <foaf:page rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5118653"/> <dct:creator> <rdf:Description> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent"/> <foaf:name>Liu, Jian</foaf:name> <foaf:givenName>Jian</foaf:givenName> <foaf:familyName>Liu</foaf:familyName> <org:memberOf> <foaf:Organization> <foaf:name>Tenured Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning & Design, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China</foaf:name> </foaf:Organization> </org:memberOf> </rdf:Description> </dct:creator> <dct:title>Influences of Planning Policies on Community Shaping in China: From Past to Present</dct:title> <dct:publisher> <foaf:Agent> <foaf:name>Zenodo</foaf:name> </foaf:Agent> </dct:publisher> <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear">2019</dct:issued> <dcat:keyword>community shaping; planning policy; social management; spatial organization; Chinese cities</dcat:keyword> <frapo:isFundedBy rdf:resource="info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/770141/"/> <schema:funder> <foaf:Organization> <dct:identifier rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">10.13039/100010661</dct:identifier> <foaf:name>European Commission</foaf:name> </foaf:Organization> </schema:funder> <dct:issued rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2019-12-15</dct:issued> <dct:language rdf:resource="http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language/ENG"/> <owl:sameAs rdf:resource="https://zenodo.org/record/5118653"/> <adms:identifier> <adms:Identifier> <skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI">https://zenodo.org/record/5118653</skos:notation> <adms:schemeAgency>url</adms:schemeAgency> </adms:Identifier> </adms:identifier> <dct:isVersionOf rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5118652"/> <dct:description><p>In China, as in other countries of the world, communities, which are often considered as self-governing social organizations, are shaped&nbsp;and influenced by many factors. Different from other studies, this paper approaches the issue of community shaping from a planning perspective&nbsp;<br> and tries to answer the questions of how Chinese communities have been physically shaped throughout history and what influences the planning&nbsp;policies have on communities&rsquo; scales, forms, and functions. Hereby, the planning policies concern not only the spatial organization, but also the&nbsp;<br> social management of communities. The research is elaborated chronologically, dividing the history of community development in China roughly&nbsp;into four periods according to socio-economic development trends, planning objectives, and community characters. The narration is mainly based&nbsp;<br> on literature work and case studies, with a focus on the social and spatial characters of urban communities. The paper concludes that before the&nbsp;modernization of China, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into a gated Li-Fang pattern by traditional city building principles, in accordance with the regulations on social management, in spite of the terminological changes in different dynasties and the opening of gated communities&nbsp;during certain dynasties. In the thirty years of the planned economy, Chinese communities were mainly shaped into inward Danwei (or work unit)&nbsp;<br> communities of perimeter blocks by the urban planning institution, which was regarded as a technical tool of the planned socio-economic development to support national industrialization. In the next thirty years of economic transition, Chinese communities were further shaped into gated&nbsp;<br> commodity housing communities of super blocks under the influence of reforms and the guidance of urban planning regulations. In the period of&nbsp;new urbanization, Chinese communities face the challenge of transforming towards a dense grid, with narrow streets and small blocks, and promoting public engagement in community building, in view of the requirements for quality-oriented development.</p></dct:description> <dct:accessRights rdf:resource="http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC"/> <dct:accessRights> <dct:RightsStatement rdf:about="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"> <rdfs:label>Open Access</rdfs:label> </dct:RightsStatement> </dct:accessRights> <dct:license rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"/> <dcat:distribution> <dcat:Distribution> <dcat:accessURL rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5118653"/> <dcat:byteSize>766263</dcat:byteSize> <dcat:downloadURL rdf:resource="https://zenodo.org/record/5118653/files/CCPR_Dec2019_18to29_Influences of Planning Policies on Community Shaping in China.pdf"/> <dcat:mediaType>application/pdf</dcat:mediaType> </dcat:Distribution> </dcat:distribution> </rdf:Description> <foaf:Project rdf:about="info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/770141/"> <dct:identifier rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">770141</dct:identifier> <dct:title>Transition towards urban sustainability through socially integrative cities in the EU and in China</dct:title> <frapo:isAwardedBy> <foaf:Organization> <dct:identifier rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">10.13039/100010661</dct:identifier> <foaf:name>European Commission</foaf:name> </foaf:Organization> </frapo:isAwardedBy> </foaf:Project> </rdf:RDF>
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