TO DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY OF PROSTATE CANCER IN PATIENTS OF SUSPICION OF PROSTATE CANCER

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men whose prevalence increases with age. Due to its importance and prevalence, screening tests are performed annually after the age of 50 and even at lower ages in people with a positive family history ^{(1, 2, 3)}. Screening methods for prostate cancer include digital rectal exam (DRE) and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test ^{(1, 2)}.

Application of these methods leads to an early diagnosis of prostate cancer at lower clinical stages ^{(1, 4)}.

In DRE test, stony hard prostate and nodularity are important for diagnosis of prostate cancer.

If prostate is hard and/or nodular, the patient is suspected of having prostate cancer, so PSA and TRUS-guided biopsy of prostate will follow ⁽¹⁾. Although hardness and/or nodularity of prostate can be suspected, sometimes the examination findings are boarder line and cannot be used for a final diagnosis. PSA, a protein produced in prostate, is another means for prostate cancer diagnosis.

Objective: To determine the frequency of prostate cancer in patients of suspicion of prostate cancer.

Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.

Duration: Six months after the approval of synopsis from April 5, 2019 to

October 4, 2019.

Materials And Methods: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited to SIUT were included in the study. Informed consent was taken after explaining the procedure, risks and benefits of the study. Histologically adenocarcinomas that produced well defined, readily demonstrable gland patern glands are atypically smaller and are lined by uniform layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium outer basal cell layer was absent cytoplasm of tumor cells were pale clear nuclei were large  and often contain one or more large nucleoli mitotic figures were uncommon. All the collected data were entered into the performa attached at the end and used electronically for research purpose.

Results:

Mean ± SD of age, duration of symptoms and prostate volume were 63.8±7.14 years, 3.56±2.11 months and 54.7±21.60 ml respectively.

Prostate cancer was noted in 17 (16.8%) patients while 84 (83.2%) were found negative.

Conclusion:

It is to be concluded that the rate of prostate cancer was found to be noticeable in suspicion patients of prostate cancer. In present study majority of the patients presented with clinically advanced prostate cancers within a local clinical urologic practice.

Key words: Prostate, Cancer, Screening, Biopsy, Prostate Specific Antigen, BPH, Gleason Score, Rectal Examination, Transrectal Ultrasonography