REVIEW ON HERBAL APPROACHES AND INVITRO AND INVIVO SCREENING METHODS OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as just diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include fatigue, frequent urination, increased thirst and increased appetite. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many health complications. Acute complications can include diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic shock, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney damage, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment.

Diabetes is due to either the pancreasnot producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes-Type-1 diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes-Type-2 diabetes, Gestational diabetes.

In this review we discussed about the various in-vitro and animal models for the screening of anti-diabetic activity. These methods include chemical, genetic, surgical manipulations relevant to the human diabetics. A brief description of Chemical causes of diabetes, virus induced diabetes, hormone induced diabetes and various other methods along with in-vitro techniques are explained.

Keywords: Fatigue, Ketoacidosis, Gestational Diabetes, Genetic Manipulations.