Recognition of the Victimizer and Its Application in Criminal Police Investigations

: Over time, the study of the victimizer concept indicates the evolution of this concept and the emergence of four different tendencies in this field, which have been created in response to the offenders' needs. These four tendencies are 1- general victimizer, 2- criminal or reciprocal action, 3- critical victimizer and 4- legal victimizer. The fourth approach, the new method of the victimizer, aims to investigate the characteristics of the victimizer, the pattern of the victimizer, and the repetition of these patterns to achieve the criminal seminally. Rush to the aid of homicide investigations, police and detectives. Forensic victimizer against theoretical principle is an applied principle. This stage of victimizer by adopting a new approach of misdemeanours while examining the normative and individualized offenders specific offences, drawing all the patterns of victimizer and discovering a list of comprehensive characteristics of the offender such as physical, biological, mental, social, educational, occupational and personality characteristics during the victimizer While estimating the criminality of the offender, it tries to create comprehensive standards for faster detection of similar crimes and also by identifying hidden and suspicious models of victimizer to help prevent crime. This approach by collecting preliminary information and forming a conscious profile for the victimizer is deliberate parts of the puzzle of personality, age, social, economic, cultural, etc. It also solves the victimizer, and considering and interpreting the statements and experience of certain offenders scientifically is trying to answer the questions.


INTRODUCTION
As one of the tendencies of social sciences and analytical criminal sciences, victimizer is a large subject with several subcategories, some of which are theoretical and others practical. Victimizer's three main subcategories under titles 1-general victimizer, 2criminal victimizer or reciprocal action and 3. victimizer is critical. The first tendency, such as general victimizer, seeks to study individuals or groups that have suffered injuries or lost someone or something (Hoeve, 2009). In this type of victimizer, there is no difference between a person, a misdemeanour of a particular crime, a misdemeanour of cruelty in general, or a victim of natural disasters. Spohn and Holleran (2002) believe that this attitude, all offenders, including misdemeanours, victimizers, socio-political environments, natural environments, technology-industry, and even those who victimizer themselves. General victimizer seeks to identify and develop preventive measures to help the victimizer, in this tendency of demonologists, and to study the aetiology of the victimizer, seeking solutions to compensate. Criminal victimizer or misdemeanour of reciprocal action investigates the rate of victimizer participation in creating a crime. Issues such as illegal participation in the cause of the crime's disability through interaction with the offender, interaction between victimizer and society, and the role of the criminal offender in the criminal justice system are considered in this tendency of the victimizer. Like the previous tendency, misdemeanours who do not engage in reciprocity try to investigate the victimizer and develop solutions to provide benefits and protect the victimizer (Emler & Reicher, 2004).
Critical victimizer emerged in response to the two forehands; in fact, critical victimizer seeks to question the victimizer processes and even reaction to these two. The essential principle of victimizer assumes that the theories and research methods of the mentioned tendencies are inadequate because generally, certain species the crimes and their victimizers are raised in these tendencies, which are more well-known and easier to understand, and this ultimately leads to their failure (Forgatch et al., 2009). This paper will delineate a precise concept between forensic victimizer and other tendencies and species, analyze the applications of this type of victimizer in criminal and police investigations, and the importance of paying attention to it in Iran. Thus, using IJSSHR, Volume 04 Issue 06 June 2021 www.ijsshr.in Page 1252 dispute and forgetting the needs and rights of the criminals and fought for their re-rights. In a short period, this became a general agreement among different groups, including journalists, sociologists, and the main drags of the criminal justice system, with the special request that the needs and demands of criminals, as forgotten, of the criminal justice process should once again be taken into consideration by criminal justice systems (Cullen, 2013). Thus, the misdemeanour was once again considered; however, the victimizer of addressing the needs of the offenders and relieving the harm they suffered a reversal route due to the provocative role of the offender in the process of committing a crime. Thus, victimizer began to grow, expand and diversify attitudes continuously. Therefore, during the last 52 years, victimizer has changed radically. The primary victimizer was essentially theoretical, which was almost exclusively related to causal explanations of the crime and the role of the victimizer. Its main focus was on investigating the characteristics of the offenders, their relationships, and the offenders' interaction with the perpetrators (Morash, 2006). This theoretical framework was the guide of the first study conducted in the early days of victimizer by Alan Berger, Wolfgang, Amir, Normando, Curtis, Silverman, and Fattah. The Feminist Movement led to the restoration of the rights of the criminals. This movement fiercely defended the victims of crimes of rape the beaten weights, causing the most significant amount of sympathy and compared to a group of people in society who were primarily deprived of social rights. A new centre of attention to victimizer was formed that helped and assisted the victims of the crime while reducing their plight, cleared and confirmed their rights. A political movement arose, and victimizer was increasingly defined and recognized by its functional components (Kukino, 2015).
The applied section of victimizer has become more applicable with the advent of the forensic victimizer. The method of studying misdemeanours in forensic victimizer is different from conventional victimizer in criminology. It uses individual reviews and normative to analyze crime victims and pyramidal conditions to achieve the offender. Despite conventional victimizer in criminology, forensic victimizer is an applied palate tendency used by police and other criminal investigation and crime detection activists. The primary purpose of this tendency is to cohere criminal investigations, reduce time-wasting using similarities of victimizer patterns to detect crime and criminality. Another goal of legal victimizer is to lower the rate of wrongful convictions of the judicial system due to testimony affected by the excitement of the offenders, especially the offenders of violent crimes (Siegel & Welsh, 2016).

Legal misdemeanour
The tendency toward applying victimizer in recent decades has led to using this approach in criminal police investigations. In the study of victimizers, like any other subject, there are two main approaches to research and knowledge acquisition. The first approach is normative knowledge, which investigates and analyses the comprehensive and comprehensive rules on a particular subject (here is a misdemeanour). The second approach knowledge is pure study, which includes examining individuals and their characteristics (Thornberry & Krohn, 2000).
Normative studies seek to find subscriptions, and individual studies aim to find differentials. In forensic victimizer, using normative and particular methods, general and personal characteristics of victimizers and victimizer processes are identified. The primary purpose of Franger's victimizer is to study and determine the unique features of specific victimizers, resulting in particular crimes, injuries or losses; While the main objective of normative victimizer is to collect general, type and shared characteristics among victimizer groups, discover victimizer patterns, why the desirability of repeating these patterns, predict the behavioural and intellectual patterns of victimizers willing to cause victimizer (Farrington et al., 2013). These characteristics are abstract in the sense that they are not necessarily probable. Forensic victimizer revolves around the study of actual victimizer and the necessity of information regarded in scientific police and forensic medicine processes. Still, normative victimizer details may develop theories or provide a fundamental inference point with appropriate warnings. The law-wise study best covers the general knowledge of criminal groups that can be applied to a particular offender have or don't have (Ribaux et al., 2016).
Forensic victimizer by individually examining the offenders of specific crimes, drawing all the victimizer patterns and discovering a list of comprehensive victimizer characteristics such as physical, biological, mental, social, educational, occupational and personal characteristics. At the time of the victimizer, his attempts to estimate the criminal are comprehensive standards for faster detection of similar crimes and by identifying the hidden and suspicious models of victimizer to help prevent the crime. Forensic victimizers, by collecting preliminary information and forming a conscious profile for the victimizer, are deliberate parts of the puzzle of personality, age, social, economic, cultural, etc. It also solves the victimizer (Ossorio & Duster, 2005).

Objectives
As mentioned earlier, forensic victimizer seeks to investigate, study and interpret evidence related to a particular misdemeanour to answer questions related to the stage of crime detection, finding the offender and increasing information about how and why the crime was committed, as well as the prevention of misdemeanours. In many cases, information related to a misdemeanour is used as a traffic light to guide victimizers or victimizers' identification and characteristics. In some cases, the information obtained in forensic misdemeanour is used to evaluate the accuracy or inaccuracy of the misdemeanour claim about the victimizer. Misdemeanour law is applicable in the following area: 6. Helping to ask essential questions to conduct local affidavits and reports and ask questions from the informants or other offenders. All of these cases are very important in crime detection and inspection. All of these cases are very important in crime detection and assessment. By focusing on its considerations, legal victimizer can also check the conformity of witnesses' testimony or the defendant's confession or misdemeanour claims, as one of the most reliable cases in the hearings, reviewing the misdemeanour reports trial, in particular, the cases mentioned above.

Application of victim identification
One of the essential uses of victimizer is to draw a criminal profile and find his motives in committing a crime. One of the most critical uses of victimizer is to remove a criminal profile and find his reasons for committing a crime. Victimizer characteristics as pieces of the puzzle identify outstanding personality and demographic factors such as age, sex, height, weight, a possible response to why the crime was committed. In particular, the procedure is used in crimes such as Burglary, incidental sexual assaults by foreign attackers, acts of the street and non-domestic violence, and other crimes in which a misdemeanour for a misdemeanour is an unfamiliar and unknown person. Thus, the crime scene, the characteristics of the misdemeanour and why the misdemeanour occurred, the direction of detectives' movement, and the discoverers of the crime to reach the unknown offender (Gunn et al., 2014). In this approach, all information related to the victimizer is considered necessary to the legal victimizer. No points regarding victimizer should be hidden, whereas the periods from which it is referred to as the dark period of neglecting the victimizer. In addition to the complete disregard for the rights and needs of the offender, the characteristics and manner of victimizers, except for the influence of the board by the representative of the state in court or the prosecutor or the attorney of the accused or the misdemeanour was not considered. In this approach, the personality, body, soul, victimizer psyche is examined as a crime scene. Victimizer and motive characteristics are identified through the charms of different victimizer characters (Neubauer & Fradella, 2018).
Investigating the significant relationship between victimizer and committing a crime is the key to answering many vital questions in the criminal investigation phase. The role of victimizer in self-victimizer is one of the most critical issues under investigation. In this regard, paying attention to the level and extent of exposure to victimizer is of particular importance (Walters, 2015). For example, a misdemeanour lifestyle can increase the likelihood of victimizer in several ways: -The previous dispute between the perpetrator and the misdemeanour.
-Socializing and living among actual and potential criminals -showing their weaknesses and vulnerabilities to existing and potential criminals -Also, the tempting display of sybils or the triggering of a crime, for example, may have or features of a misdemeanour. victimizer lifestyle factors can affect the damage to the offender in several ways: -By creating a conflict with the perpetrator by increasing the presence of misdemeanours around criminals or those who are susceptible to crime, -By increasing the criminals' understanding of the vulnerability of the offender.
-Incitement and temptation to achieve the crime.
According to a criminology theory, crime occurs in a time and place where the opportunity to commit a crime is available. People may be more prone to misdemeanours based on their lifestyles. Depending on their prevalence and severity, many other factors risk exposure to misdemeanours increases, including drug use, impulsivity, depression, anger, etc. To evaluate the lifestyle of a particular offender, lifestyle factors should be examined to determine how these factors specifically help the person be exposed to injury and misdemeanour. For example, the offenders' lifestyle can be divided into three categories: offenders exposed to high damage, offenders exposed to joint injuries, and offenders in the exposure to injury were moderately divided (Siegel, 2015).
Victimizer lifestyle and victimizer conditions are two independent issues and should be evaluated separately. If this separation does not occur, it will lead to incorrect identification of the actual victimizer and the impossibility of citing evidence; this separation and investigation are independent of the duties of forensic misdeeds. This separation and analysis are independent of the responsibilities of forensic misdeeds. In addition, forensic misdemeanours have a significant obligation to ensure that the conditions of the misdemeanour have been investigated in a criminal record or not. This should be done before the conclusion of the preparation of the victimizer characteristics. If the conditions of the misdemeanour in the reports presented are biased or incomplete, then the actual circumstances of a crime will not be revealed. Legal victimizers must educate the vigilantes of these issues to prevent errors and abuses through realist education and impartiality (Tolan et al., 2018).

Psychological victimizer conditions
The victimizer response to violent crimes varies from person to person. Suppose it is impossible to predict how a crime will behave. In that case, it is possible to turn a misdemeanour into a dangerous offender if the psychological conditions of the offender are measured. The appropriate response is received, the process of passing the victimizer is usually the case. It consists of three steps: 1: Acting based on the initial effect of attack 2: attempting to rebuild itself 3: Reorganization itself to return to daily activities of life, However, ignoring the psychological conditions of the victimizer sometimes leads to very unconventional and damaging behaviours for the community adjacent; these behaviours change from aggressive actions towards themselves to others, to persons and equipment, and so on. With a careful look at the psychological conditions of the offender, forensic victimizer provides comprehensive and complete information to social and psychological workers to take appropriate measures. However, despite the generally numerous attempts at natural misdemeanours and accidents, criminal offenders are less considered by criminal justice systems than this; the pathology of the natural reactions of criminals indicates the syndromes used to describe these injuries. Some of these syndromes include post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome, beating syndrome, rape syndrome and commission syndrome. Attention to the mental disorders of the offender, especially in his subsequent testimonies in court, should be taken into consideration and notified to the judge before the jury is present; Sometimes, disregarding these cases causes unfairness of victimizer behaviour and consequently distorts the administration of justice, so in court, evidence of these mental disorders should be used as evidence to prove that the criminal has psychological problems. Sometimes paying attention to these disorders is essential to detect false claims of victimizer (Tomczak, 2010). Individuals provide false reports of misdemeanours for various reasons, such as expressing empathy, gaining profits, retaliating, hiding crime, etc. Although many studies have been conducted in this regard, scientific literature in this field is still very limited. Since there are credible scientific studies and minimal words, the statistics and rates are often unreliable. Unfortunately, experienced researchers and officials sometimes accept a misdemeanour claim without due diligent investigations, which may be due to incorrect policy in the face of misdemeanours, unconscious and compassionate advocacy, or lack of awareness about the power of destruction and the adverse effects of misdemeanour reports (Palmiotto, 2012).

Domestic victimizer
Domestic violence is more than just physical damage. There are various behaviours in domestic violence that physical trauma is just one of the ways to inflict emotional trauma. Seven types of abuses often occur in domestic violence: rejection, character destruction, threats and intimidation, social isolation, exploitation, emotional insensitivity, and imprisonment. In many cases, criminal offenders or domestic abusers are unaware of their victimizer, so failure to express it causes many parts of the fact to remain neglected in criminal investigations; sometimes, identifying these home victimizer leads to the discovery of essential details and effectiveness in criminal investigations (Neubauer & Fradella, 2018).

Ambush victimizer
Repeated harassment and constant threats of one person by another are known as commissure. The offenders of the camouflage have a wide range, from strangers and acquaintances and celebrities to psychologists. Comorbid offenders experience a variety of psychological conditions, from post-traumatic stress disorders to general anxiety and listening. Combing is a practical and significant social crime and occurs with more community than other crimes, including murder. However, sometimes a combination can lead to murder or rape. Only by understanding the offenders of the commissary and the victimizer processes of these crimes can we know the general nature of the crime and the best way to deal with it (Kukino, 2015).

In the court
In criminal courts, the prosecution serves the state's interests and not the misdemeanour, so the role of the misdemeanour in court is not merely to cooperate with the prosecutor. Still, the criminals help the judge create some aspects of the crime through their evidence of harm or other relevant evidence. In criminal courts, the prosecution serves the state's interests and not the misdemeanour, so the role of the misdemeanour in court is not merely to cooperate with the prosecutor. Still, the criminals help the judge create some aspects of the crime through their evidence of harm or other relevant evidence. Misdemeanour information and related behaviours can affect the proving value of evidence. Forensic victimizer can play an essential role in the legal process through the practical and purposeful interpretation of misdemeanour information. As mentioned earlier, this can be done in various ways, such as considering claims. False victimizer, attention to the psychological conditions of the offender, adaptation of victimizer characteristics to victimizer conditions, etc. (Kohler-Hausmann, 2014).

In preventing the wrongful conviction
The rate of wrongful convictions is not low, and this issue has existed in the past and is not a new phenomenon. The rate of criminal convictions discovered in the United States became apparent in 1980, and the pace was subversives that could no longer be denied or ignored. The main reasons for issuing wrongful convictions are blaming eyewitnesses, legal errors, judicial errors, deception. Forensic victimizers have warned about this issue and suggested a scientific method with practical standards that leads to fair and reliable judgments and refrain from accepting unrealistic and biased reports and testimonies (Parkes & Cunliffe, 2015).