Four new species of the genus Apsiphortica Okada, 1971 (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with supplementary descriptions of two known species

Four new species of the genus Apsiphortica Okada, 1971 are described: A. longiciliata Cao and Chen, A. melanogaster Chen, and A. xui Chen, spp. nov. from southwest China, and A. multiclavata Chen and Toda, sp. nov. from Sabah in Malaysia. Supplementary descriptions are provided for two known species, A. holubi Máca, 2003 and A. lini (Okada, 1971), after examination of the holotype specimens. A key to all the species of the genus Apsiphortica is provided.


Introduction
Apsiphortica Okada, 1971 was established originally as a subgenus of Amiota Loew, 1862. Máca (2003) recently revised the classification of subgenera formerly assigned to Amiota s. lat. and raised Apsiphortica and Phortica Schiner, 1862 to generic rank. These two genera resemble each other in having the aedeagus composed of the more or less sclerotized median rod and the outer membrane, and further an important character, the anepisternum bearing setulae, designated as diagnostic for Apsiphortica by Okada (1971) and Máca (2003) is shared with six Phortica (s. str.) species: P. bipartita (Toda and Peng, 1992), P. eparmata (Okada, 1977), P. latipenis Chen and Gao, 2005, P. pangi Chen and Wen, 2005, P. setitabula Gao, 2005, andP. unipetala Chen andWen, 2005. On the other hand, Apsiphortica resembles also the genus Stegana Meigen, 1830 in sharing some (plesiomorphic) characters, for example, the long rod-like aedeagal apodeme and the plate-like hypandrium. To date, only two species are known in the genus Apsiphortica: A. lini (Okada, 1971) from Taiwan and A. holubi Máca, 2003 from Zimbabwe. This paper adds four new species from southwest China and Malaysia to this genus and provides supplementary descriptions for the two known species and a key to all species of this genus. The morphological terminology and the definition of indices follow Chen and Toda (2001) and Chen and Aotsuka (2003).

Diagnosis
Aedeagal median rod apically dilated roundly in ventral view; aedeagal outer membrane with two small sclerotized pieces (neither described nor illustrated by Máca 2003).

Zimbabwe.
Remarks Máca (2003) misjudged the small dorsal projection of the aedeagal median rod as the paramere and illustrated these organs as being fused, but the parameres are separated from the dorsal projection of aedeagal median rod.

Diagnosis
Aedeagal median rod dorsosubapically with small triangular projection in addition to prominent subbasal dorsal projection, apically hook-like bifurcated ( Figure 6).

Description
Head. Eye brown-red. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Postocellar setae longer than interfrontal setae, slightly behind top of vertex ridge. Frons, face, and gena all brown. Pedicel brown, with strong seta dorsally and several setulae near anterior margin; first flagellomere grey-yellow. Facial carina slightly developed. Clypeus medially orange brown, laterally dark brown. Palpus grey-yellow except basal grey-black part, rod-shaped, with several stout setae on lateral margin. Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Postgena dark brown.
Thorax. Brown-yellow, with four narrow black stripes on scutum and a few dark brown patches on pleura. Postpronotal lobe paler, with a long and two to four small setae. Acrostichal setulae in about 10 irregular rows. Scutellum dark brown except grey-brown posterior margin; basal scutellar setae divergent; apicals cruciate. Katepisternal setae two.
Legs. Entirely yellow. Fore femur with two to three rows of setae on posterodorsal to posteroventral surface. Preapical dorsal seta present on tibiae of all legs. Apical seta present on mid tibia. Fore tarsus with two to four strong setae on basoventral surface. Mid tarsus ventrally with two rows of minute cuneiform setulae; hind tarsus lacking minute cuneiform setulae; fore first tarsomere shorter than the rest combined; mid and hind first tarsomeres longer than the rest combined.
Abdomen. Tergites dark brown to black; second to fourth each with broad, dark brown band on posterior margin. Sternites pale yellow.

Description
Some characters commonly seen in A. longiciliata are not referred to in the following description.
Thorax. Brown-yellow, with a broad black stripe medially on scutum and a few dark brown patches on pleura. Scutellum grey-brown.
Legs. Yellow except black third to fifth tarsomeres and apical part of all tibiae.
Abdomen. Second to fourth tergites yellow, each with narrow, dark brown band on posterior margin; fifth and sixth tergites nearly black.

Etymology
A combination of the Greek words: melas+gaster, referring to the fifth and sixth abdominal tergites nearly black.

Description
Some characters commonly seen in A. longiciliata are not referred to in the following description.
Thorax. Yellow, with brown patches on pleura. Scutellum brown.

Etymology
A combination of the Latin words: multus+clava, referring to the rod-like processes on the aedeagal outer membrane.

Description
Some characters commonly seen in A. longiciliata are not referred to in the following description.
Thorax. Yellow, with five narrow black stripes on scutum and a few dark brown patches on pleura. Scutellum grey-brown.
Abdomen. Tergites yellow, each with broad, dark brown band on posterior margin.