An Intelligent Way for Discerning Plastics at the Shorelines and the Seas

Irrespective of how plastics litter the coastline or enter the sea, they pose a major threat to birds and marine life alike. In this study an Artificial Intelligence tool was used to create an image classifier based  on a Convolutional Neural Network architecture that utilises the Bottleneck Method. The trained Bottleneck Method image classifier was able to categorise plastics encountered either at the shoreline or floating at the sea surface into eight (8) distinct classes, namely, plastic bags, bottles, buckets, straws,  derelict nets, fish and other objects. Discerning objects with a success rate of 90%, the proposed Deep  Learning approach constitutes a leap towards the automatic identification of plastics at the coastline and the sea. Training and testing loss and accuracy results for a range of epochs and batch sizes has lent credibility to the proposed method. Results originating from a resolution sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the prediction technique retains its ability to correctly identify plastics even when  image resolution was downsized by 75%. Intelligent tools, such as the one suggested here can replace manual sorting of macroplastics from human operators revealing, for the first time, the true scale of the amount of plastic polluting our beaches and the seas.