COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF HYBRID VEHICLE DRIVETRAINS

The goal of this study is to promote a deeper understanding of the EMS, basics, along with hybrid drive trains by reviewing the current literature and defining the key research needs. The facets of optimization for powertrain and EMS operation within the research sector are extensive. This article outlines the vital keys for achieving optimal control strategies, highlighting gaps in expertise, and providing suggestions for future study. This study's contributions are as follows: First, an outline of EMS, power/drive train concepts, various sequences, Series, Parallel, and Power split (series/parallel) topologies, and their system configuration is given alongside various vehicle modeling approaches. The remainder of this report is structured as a section that classifies hybridization types-mild/moderate, Descriptions of Full HEVs (FHEVs), Plug-in HEVs (PHEVs), and identifies the prospective prospects for potential research developments. Finally, a few closing thoughts.