4086492
doi
10.7272/Q6CF9NBQ
oai:zenodo.org:4086492
user-dryad
Patanavanich, Roengrudee
University of California San Francisco Medical Center
Smoking is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 particularly among younger adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Glantz, Stanton
University of California San Francisco Medical Center
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
<p><b>Introduction: </b>Smoking impairs lung immune functions and damages upper airways, increasing risks of contracting and severity of infectious diseases.</p>
<p><b>Methods: </b>We searched PubMed for studies published from January 1-May 25, 2020. We included studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease, including death. We used a random effects meta-analysis and used meta-regression and lowess regressions to examine relationships in the data.</p>
<p><b>Results: </b>We identified 47 peer-reviewed papers with a total of 31,871 COVID-19 patients, 5,759 (18.1%) experienced disease progression and 5,734 (18.0%) with a history of smoking. Among smokers, 29.2% experienced disease progression, compared with 21.1% of non-smokers. The meta-analysis confirmed an association between smoking and COVID-19 progression (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.32-1.83, p=0.001). Smoking was associated with increased risk of death from COVID-19 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.34, p=0.007). We found no significant difference (p=0.432) between the effects of smoking on COVID-19 disease progression between adjusted and unadjusted analyses, suggesting that smoking is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 disease progression. We also found the risk of having COVID-19 progression among younger adults (p=0.023), with the effect most pronounced among people under about 45 years old.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions: </b>Smoking is an independent risk for having severe progression of COVID-19, including mortality. The effects seem to be higher among young people.</p>
<p><b>Implications:</b> Smoking prevention and cessation should remain a priority for the public, physicians, and public health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
<p>Funding provided by: National Institute on Drug Abuse<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000026<br>Award Number: R01DA043950</p><p>Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002<br>Award Number: U54HL147127</p>
Zenodo
2020-09-30
info:eu-repo/semantics/other
4086491
user-dryad
1654275876.368596
22435
md5:1f34cd9f04c18d468c467a431f96e35b
https://zenodo.org/records/4086492/files/COVID_DataSingleFile.dta
1846
md5:542dea2a936434b63f7612422a77adaa
https://zenodo.org/records/4086492/files/DO_FILE_COVID2_BMC.do
public