July 22, 2020 Journal article Open Access

Liu, Shuping; Fossati, Alexandre; Serrano, Diana; Tallaire, Alexandre; Ferrier, Alban; Goldner, Philippe

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    <subfield code="a">Defect Engineering for Quantum Grade Rare-Earth Nanocrystals</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">&lt;p&gt;Nanostructured systems that combine optical and spin transitions offer new functionalities for quantum technologies by providing efficient quantum light&amp;ndash;matter interfaces. Rare-earth (RE) ion-doped nanoparticles are promising in this field as they show long-lived optical and spin quantum states. However, further development of their use in highly demanding applications, such as scalable single-ion-based quantum processors, requires controlling defects that currently limit coherence lifetimes. In this work, we show that a post-treatment process that includes multistep high-temperature annealing followed by high-power microwave oxygen plasma processing advantageously improves key properties for quantum technologies. We obtain single crystalline Eu&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;:Y&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;nanoparticles (NPs) of 100 nm diameter, presenting bulk-like inhomogeneous line widths (&amp;Gamma;&lt;sub&gt;inh&lt;/sub&gt;) and population lifetimes (&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;). Furthermore, a significant coherence lifetime (&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) extension, up to a factor of 5, is successfully achieved by modifying the oxygen-related point defects in the NPs by the oxygen plasma treatment. These promising results confirm the potential of engineered RE NPs to integrate devices such as cavity-based single-photon sources, quantum memories, and processors. In addition, our strategy could be applied to a large variety of oxides to obtain outstanding crystalline quality NPs for a broad range of applications.&lt;/p&gt;</subfield>
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