An Indonesian Standard of Lithium-ion Battery Cell Ferro Phosphate for Electric Vehicle Alications

In general, the process of developing new standards had problems in early the development process. In particular to identify what steps are necessary to develop new standards. Methodology of writing this article was conducted using the methodology of Framework for Analysis, Comparison and Testing of the Standard (FACTS). The results of this paper are the new standard for the Indonesian National Standard of Lithium-ion Battery Cell Ferro Phosphate for Electric Vehicle Alications. The standard of development data is can be use by automotive industrial and also for the government to decide new policy on electric vehicle especially in Indonesia.


Introduction
The demands of green technology and environmentall friendly vehicles pose a phenomenon that changes the automotive industry from fossil-fuelled vehicles to electric vehicle (hybrid). This phenomenon is evident with more of 100 kinds of electric vehicles have been develop since 1891 until 2008 [1]. The data of electric vehicles around the world since 1990s until 2008 is shown in Figure 1. Based on the phenomenon and rapid changes in automotive industry from fossil-fueled vehicles into vehicles with electrical energy, the government launched a national Electric Vehicle (EV) program. The program is intended to allow the State of Indonesian can prepare and participate to take advantage of the phenomenon of change in the automotive industry [2].
To be able doing the research of electric vehicle, required an electric vehicle standards as a reference the research. Standard product can provide assurance to consumer that the product is according to performance, safety or the production process in form of certification or labeling standards of product produced [3]. Standards can be differentiate products in the market, which is a good product or not. However, due to the unavailability of the Indonesian National Standard or technical specifications of the electric vehicles in Indonesia, have an impact on the lack and the quality of the reference in the national electric vehicle research [4].
The number of components that make up an electric vehicle is inve many aspect, making standard of electric vehicles can not be created for the product in all vehicle parts but per vehicle components. This is in accordance with the decision of the government that Indonesia will develop five standard components of electric vehicles since 2015, one of it which is cell Lithium-ion battery Ferro Phosphate Secondarry for Electric Vehicle Alication [5]. Results from this research is expected to develop the standards in accordance with national capabilities and globally accepted [6].

Research Method
In this research, is using Framework for Analysis, Comparison and Testing Standard (FACTS) method. FACTS is methodology developed by National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) U.S. which provides a framework for analyzing, comparing and testing standards [7]. FACTS methodology consist of four main steps are shown on Figure 2. The first step taken is to identify who the stakeholders and collect data and their requirements. This step aims to find out what are the reqiurement of stakeholders cell Lithiumion battery in Indonesia for electric vehicle alications. The following list of stakeholders based an different perspective of governent requirement, R&D battery, laboratory of battery, manufacturers of battery, manufacturers of electric vehicle and users of electric vehicle [8]. Data of stakeholder's requirement are obtained by literature studies. Second step is taken in technical analysis of stakeholder needs. Output of this research is technical data requirement specification of stakeholder cells Lithium-ion battery ferro phosphate for use in electric vehicle alications.
The third step is taken to collect international standards such as International Electrotechnical Commision (IEC) related to cell Lithium-ion secondary battery for electric vehicle alications. Then identified gap and overlap those standards according to the result of technical analysis. The fourth stage is done by combination of the results in analysis of the technical specifications of battery, stakeholders with the results of standard reference gaps and overlaps. The combined results of these steps may be used for any verification testing standards that meet technical specifications stakeholder's electric vehicle batteries. So the results can be used to create the design of the standard formula. The design of standard formula to use as a questionnaire for material to be distributed to the stakeholders then for verification of national capabilities.

Results and Discussion
This research consist of four stages as shown in Figure 2. The following description is stakeholder analysis, technical analysis, comparison of standard and testing of standard.

Stakeholder Analysis
In this phase, identify who the stakeholders and collect data based on their requirements. Data of stakeholders requirement are obtained by literature studies. Here's a quick summary of stakeholder requiremets in Table 1.

Technical Analysis
Based on the results of technical analysis, it can be seen that the stakeholders cell Lithium-ion secondary batteries for electric vehicle alications in Indonesia require different types of measurements or tests to ensure that the product has a good quality is: measurment energy density, external short circuit test, heating thermal abuse test, measurment cycle life, energy efficiency measurment, measurment power, storage test, vibration test, test over charge, over discharge test, crush test, impact test, temperature cycling test, altitude test and forced internal short circuit test [11].
In this phase, change the language that expressed by stakeholders into the technical language in Table 2.

Comparison of Standard
In this stage, identification of gaps and overlaps between standards which discusses cell battery Lithium-ion secondary for electric vehicles alications such as: IEC 62660-1:2010 is standard for secondary Lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles part 1 that discusses about performance test [12,13]. IEC 62660-2:2010 is standard for secondary Lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicle part 2 that discuss sbout realibility and abuse test [14,15]. IEC 62881:2012 is standard for safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport [16,17]. Comparison of standar is done by adjusted to the result of technical analysis.

Testing of Standard
It this stage, the result of comparison standard can be used to create the design of the standard formula. The design of standard formula then can be used as a questionnaire material to be distributed to stakeholders for verification of national capabilities.