New eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) from cultivated plants from northeastern Brazil, including the second taxon in the Prothricinae

Two new genera and three new species of eriophyoid mites are described from cultivated plants from northeastern Brazil, including native or introduced ornamental species widely used in urban landscapes. A new genus and a new species are described in the family Phytoptidae, Neoprothrix hibiscus gen. nov., sp. nov. from the flowering shrub Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. This taxon represents the second genus and the second species to be described in the subfamily Prothricinae. A new genus and two new species are described in the family Eriophyidae both from Brazilian ornamental trees, Auriculatus clitoria gen. nov., sp. nov. from Clitoria fairchildiana and Thamnacus paubrasil sp nov. from Caesalpinia echinata. In addition, the Eriophyidae Tegolophus indica Chakrabarti and Mondal from the fruit tree Artocarpus heterophyllus, is redescribed including a description of the male. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:881522D7-5288-49B4-9C34-B3E316ABEE20


Introduction
Several species of trees and shrubs have been used in urban landscapes in northeastern Brazil, including introduced and native species. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.
(Malvaceae), known as Chinese hibiscus, is an evergreen flowering shrub native to East Asia and the African continent, which is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions (Lorenzi and Souza 2000). The tree Caesalpinia echinata Lam. commonly known as "Pau-Brasil" (Brazilwood) is named after the country Brazil, and is native to the Atlantic Brazilian forest (Carvalho 2003). Its wood is regarded worldwide as the best material for the bows of stringed musical instruments (Pivetta 2003). The tree butterfly-pea, Clitoria fairchildiana Howard (Fabaceae), is also a native tree originating in north Brazil and widely used when designing urban landscapes because of its fast growth and beautiful flowers (Lorenzi 1992).
The jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) is a large fruit tree originating in South and South East Asia (India, Malaysia, the Philippines) but introduced into Brazil by the Portuguese. It is a fruit-bearing tree cultivated across all the Amazonian and tropical coasts of Brazil (Gomes 1977). Regarding the occurrence of eriophyid mites, only one species is reported associated with Artocarpus heterophyllus, Tegolophus indica Chakrabarti and Mondal, 1979 from India. New taxa of the superfamily Eriophyoidea are here described as follows: a new genus and a new species of the Phytoptidae: Prothricinae from H. rosa-sinensis L., Neoprothrix hibiscus gen. nov., sp. nov., which represents the second genus and the second species in this subfamily, previously comprising only Prothrix aboula Keifer, 1965; a new genus and two new species of the Eriophyidae: Phyllocoptinae: Anthocoptini, Auriculatus clitoria gen. nov., sp. nov. from C. fairchildiana, and Thamnacus paubrasil sp. nov. from C. echinata. In addition, Tegolophus indica (Eriophyidae: Phyllocoptinae: Anthocoptini), previously known from A. heterophyllus, is redescribed and includes a description of the male and comments on supplementary morphological characters. All material studied was collected in the State of Pernambuco, northeastern, Brazil.

Material and methods
Mites were collected from leaf samples by hand using direct examination under a dissecting stereomicroscope and mounted in modified Berlese medium (Amrine and Manson 1996). Slide-mounted specimens were studied using a research microscope (Olympus BX41) with phase-contrast and a × 100 objective.
Terminology follows that of Lindquist (1996) and classification is based on Amrine et al. (2003). Measurements are given in micrometers (µm) and, unless stated otherwise, refer to the length of the structure. In the description of the female, each measurement of the holotype precedes the corresponding range for the paratypes. Some measurements of the holotype or paratypes could not be taken because of the positions in which the specimens were mounted. The count of ventral opisthosomal annuli starts from the first full annulus behind the genitalia. Dorsal opisthosomal annuli were counted from the first full annulus behind the middle of the prodorsal shield rear margin. When the length of cheliceral stylets is not given, it means that it was not possible to measure this character because they were in a bundle that was immersed with other gnathosomal structures. Measurements were conducted according to de Lillo et al. (2010) except for the following: (1) the body length, which was measured from the tip of the frontal lobe to the rear end of the anal lobe, not considering pedipalps; (2) the sc tubercles space measurement, which was based on the distance between the tubercles and not the setal distance; (3) empodium length, which includes its basal portion inserted into the tarsus.
Micrographs were obtained using a digital imaging system consisting of both a phase-contrast microscope (Olympus BX41) equipped with phase-contrast connected to a digital camera (Samsung SDC -415), which was in turn connected to a computer with appropriate software.

Diagnosis
Neoprothrix gen. nov. is a Prothricinae with opisthosomal ventral setae I (d) and II (e) missing. This new genus is near Prothrix Keifer, 1965 in the presence of dorsal shield tubercles of vertical externa (ve) setae moved forward; in the absence of tibial seta (l'); in the presence of lateral solenidion knobbed (φ) on tibia I; and in the presence of dorsal seta (c 1 ). However, it differs from this genus mainly in the absence of opisthosomal ventral setae II (e) (present in Prothrix); and dorsal annuli with pointed lateral projections (not pointed in Prothrix).

Etymology
Neo, from the Greek "neos", meaning new, combined with "prothrix", the name of the first and unique genus in the Prothricinae, subfamily to which the new genus belongs.

Relation to host
No symptoms seen.

Etymology
The specific designation "hibiscus" refers to Hibiscus, the host plant genus. It was coined by apposition of the tree genus to the mite genus.

Diagnosis
Auriculatus gen. nov. is an Anthocoptini with three dorsal opisthosoma ridges, middorsal and sublateral ridges begin on third annulus, middorsal ridge stronger than sublaterals; deep cleft between prodorsal shield and opisthosoma; first dorsal opisthosomal annulus formed into a broad plate bearing round lateral lobes (like shoulder blades). This new genus is near Notallus Keifer, 1975 and can be distinguished from it by the first dorsal opisthosomal annuli modified into a broad plate (in Notallus first dorsal annuli are narrow and subequal dorsoventrally, followed by tergites).

Etymology
Auriculatus, from "auricula", Latin. Feminine, meaning ear-lobe and the suffix -atus, meaning possession. It refers to the pair of lobe-like flaps on the first dorso-opisthosomal annulus. Gender: Feminine.

Relation to host
No symptoms seen.

Etymology
The specific designation "clitoria" refers to the genus of the host plant. It was coined by apposition of the tree genus to the mite genus.

Relation to host
No visible damage.

Remarks
A line running between the bases of scapular setae and bearing various refringent bodies or granules was observed; these granules are individualized or clustered.