Three new species and a new record of tenuipalpid mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Hungary

ABSTRACT Three new tenuipalpid species are described and illustrated from Hungary: Cenopalpus cumanicus sp. nov., Cenopalpus adventicius sp. nov. and Tenuipalpus budensis sp. nov. (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). The authors give an account of one new record of Cenopalpus spinosus (Donnadieu, 1875) found on woody host plants, a species that has not previously been recorded in the Hungarian fauna. Additional species encountered during these surveys are: Brevipalpus lewisi (McGregor, 1949), Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876), Pentamerismus oregonensis McGregor, 1949, and Pentamerismus taxi (Haller, 1877).


Introduction
The flat mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) comprise over 1100 described species in 40 genera (Zhang et al. 2011;Beard et al. 2014;Castro et al. 2015). Members of this family are parasitic on vascular plants. Mite collections were made periodically by the second author between 1998 and 2013 on ornamental trees and shrubs and herbs, along streets and in parks, forests, botanical gardens and private gardens, in various localities of Hungary. This survey extends the knowledge of the hosts, distribution and habitats of tenuipalpid species in Hungary. These data are part of an ongoing faunal survey, the main aim of which is to obtain a general picture on a nationwide scale of the biodiversity of the mite fauna, and species frequency, distribution and hosts throughout Hungary. The importance of acarine pests in agriculture and horticulture has generated increased interest in the study of Acari in Hungary. Studies in the considerably rich Hungarian mite fauna living on vascular plants have revealed many new host plant and locality records, of which many were reported by Bozai (1969Bozai ( , 1970Bozai ( , 1971, Kerényiné Nemestóthy and Vály (1978), Komlovszky (1980), Ripka (2000Ripka ( , 2010, Szabó (2010, 2011), Ripka et al. (1999Ripka et al. ( , 2002Ripka et al. ( , 2005Ripka et al. ( , 2013aRipka et al. ( , 2013b and Tempfli et al. (2014). In this paper, three new tenuipalpid species are described and illustrated from Hungary: Cenopalpus cumanicus sp. nov., Cenopalpus adventicius sp. nov. and Tenuipalpus budensis followed by the range of the paratypes in brackets. Measurements were taken by means of a Zeiss Zen software imaging system. Length of the body was measured between setae v2 and h1 and the width between sc2 and sc2. The width of body was also measured at the level of the c-row setae. Length of gnathosoma was measured from the tip of eupathidium on palp tarsus to base of gnathosoma, ventrally. Leg lengths were measured from the tip of the empodium to the posterior margin of the trochanter. Type material will be deposited in the collections of the Department of Pest Management Development and Coordination, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary and the ARC-Plant Protection Research, Queenswood, Pretoria, South Africa.

Results
Family TENUIPALPIDAE Berlese Genus Brevipalpus Donnadieu, 1875 Type species: Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu, 1875Brevipalpus lewisi (McGregor, 1949 Brevipalpus lewisi (McGregor, 1949) was present in high population densities on Chinese false privet (Fontanesia phillyraeoides Labill. ssp. fortunei (Carr.) Yalt.)an oleaceous ornamental shrub, in city parks (of Budapest, district I: Krisztinaváros, and district XIV: Zugló, Hungary). Adults, larvae and nymphs were collected from the upper and lower sides of the leaves, petioles, shoots and fruits of the shrub. The marginal part of the idiosoma is ochre, while the median part is orange red and brownish. This mite species was also collected on the shoots, twigs and from the underside of leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus. Bozai (1971) reported it on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Hungary.
are orange-red with brown spots, and the nymphs are orange. They were found on the underside of leaves among the dense hairs. It was also collected from the underside of leaves among the hairs near the midrib of Populus × canescens (Aiton) Sm., whereas the larvae and nymphs inhabited the pubescent shoots and petioles.
Dorsum ( Figure 1A-D). Body broadly oval with dorsum mainly reticulated ( Figure 1A). Prodorsum and opisthosoma striate laterally. The dorsal body setae short and serrate to smooth ( Figure 1B-D). Rostral shield deeply emarginated with two small submedian lobes in addition to two median lobes and two lateral lobes. Two pairs of eyes between setae sc1 and sc2.
Venter ( Figure 1E, F). Venter smooth except for reticulations between ventral shield and setae 4a. Setae 3a much shorter than the very long 4a ( Figure 1E). Ventral, genital and anal shields reticulate. Ventral and genital shields flanked laterally by three prominent lines and reticulations. One pair of aggenital, two pairs of genital and two pairs of anal setae, all serrate. Outer pair of genital setae slightly anterior to inner pair. Spermatheca a very long tube terminating in a pumpkin-shaped knob ( Figure 1F). Gnathosoma ( Figure 1G). Rostrum reaching to or almost to base of genu I. Palp foursegmented, tarsus with a eupathidium and two setae, tibia with two, femur-genu with one serrated seta and trochanter without setae.
Gnathosoma. Similar to that of female.
Legs ( Figure 1L-N). The chaetotaxy only differs from that of the female in that trochanter IV is without setae. Dorsal setae on femora I and II broadly lanceolate and serrate ( Figure 1L-N). Tarsi I and II with Iω 12 and IIω 10.

Relationship to host plant
Females from the grey poplar were collected on the underside of the leaves, among the hairs near the midrib, while the larvae and nymphs inhabited the pubescence on the shoots and petioles. This flat mite was found together with phytoseiid, cheyletid, tydeid and tarsonemid mites, and Phylloxerina populi (del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) (Ripka 2011;Ripka and Szabó 2011). The adults collected on white poplar were taken from the cauliflower-like woody bud galls and twig deformations caused by an eriophyid mite, Aceria populi (Nalepa). These specimens were found together with phytoseiid, acarid and tarsonemid mites, and Phylloxerina populi (del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) (Ripka and Szabó 2011;Ripka et al. 2013b

Etymology
The species is named for Kuns, Latin Cumanus. Kuns (L. Cumanus) was a confederation of tribes in the middle age who came from Asia and settled in the Carpathian basin during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. They lived among others in the Great Hungarian Plane, around Kecskemét, which is the county seat of Bács-Kiskun county. The gender is masculine.

Remarks
This species was compared with all the species listed in Mesa et al. (2009) (60 species) and four recently described species (Khanjani et al. 2012), except for Cenopalpus tamarixi (Nassar and Kandeel) because the original description could not be found. This species belongs to the spinosus-group (Baker et al. 1975;Hatzinikolis et al. 1999). Female characters as well as spermathecae and dorsal setal patterns of nymphs (where available) were compared. This species comes very close to Cenopalpus limbatus Akbar and Chaudhri (1985), in having seta-like dorsal setae, dorsum reticulated and in the leg chaetotaxy. However, it differs from the latter in that the dorsum is not evenly reticulated, rostrum not reaching anterior margin of femur I, venter with a transverse band of reticulations posterior to setae 4a, but in C. limbatus it is interrupted medially and ventral and genital shields are reticulated instead of striated as in C. limbatus. According to the description of C. limbatus, setae 4a is also much shorter extending to 3a whereas it extends almost to coxae II in the new species. Unfortunately, the deutonymph for C. limbatus is unknown which, if available, would have confirmed the identity of the new species.
Cenopalpus adventicius Ueckermann and Ripka sp. nov. ( Dorsum (Figure 2A-C). Dorsum completely reticulate. Dorsal body setae broadly lanceolate and serrate, marginal setae almost, or as long as, distances to setae next behind. Setae f2 absent. Rostrum deeply emarginated with two median lobes and two sub-median lobes. Two pairs of eyes between setae sc1 and sc2.
Venter ( Figure 2L). Area posterior to legs I and II and cuticle anterior to setae 4a smooth, behind 4a slightly reticulate and with coarse transverse striae. Reticulate posterior to aggenital setae (ag). Latter barbed and longer than genital setae (g1-2) and ps1, latter three setae also barbed. Setae ps2 much longer than genital setae and ps1 and smooth.
Gnathosoma. Rostrum extending almost to anterior margin of femur I. Palp as in female.
Legs. Similar to those of female. Tarsi I and II with Iω 16 and IIω 13. Venter. Completely covered with striae, with one pair of setae 1a, 3a and 4a, one pair of aggenital, one pair of genital and two pairs of anal setae, all slightly serrate.
Gnathosoma. Similar to that of female.
Legs ( Figure 2N-P). The leg chaetotaxy only differs from that of female in that trochanter IV is without setae. Dorsal setae on tibiae, genua and femora I and II broadly lanceolate and serrate. Tarsi I and II with Iω 7 and IIω 6.

Relationship to host plant
The carmine adults were collected from the shoots, twigs and leaf underside of the host plant.

Locality
This species was intercepted at the quarantine station in Budapest, Hungary on imported potted plants from Italy.

Type material
The holotype female is circled with black ink among 11 paratype females, two males and five deutonymphs, all collected from Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Etymology
The specific designation is derived from the Latin word adventicius meaning introduced, referring to the introduced host plant (Rosmarinus officinalis of Mediterranean origin) and the introduced mite. The gender is masculine.

Remarks
This species belongs to the pterinus-group of species (Baker et al. 1975;Hatzinikolis et al. 1999), in which setae f2 is absent. It includes: Cenopalpus pterinus Pritchard and Baker, 1958, Cenopalpus arbuti Hatzinikolis and Emmanouel, Cenopalpus pistaciae Papadoulis and Panou, Cenopalpus officinalis Papaioannou-Souliotis, 1986 and Cenopalpus creticus Hatzinikolis, Papadoulis and Panou. However, Cenopalpus adventicius sp. nov. differs mainly in the deutonymph having all dorsal setae very long, except for setae d1, e1 and h1, which are minute. The females further differ in the shape of the spermatheca being lobed in the new species whereas in the other species it varies, being a large pearshaped sac, kidney-shaped or small pear-shaped knobs. A spermatheca for C. pterinus is not known. The rostrum of the new species extends almost to anterior margin of femur I as in C. arbuti and C. officinalis, in the other species it extends beyond the anterior margin of femur I. The new species differs from C. arbuti and C. pistaciae in that trochanters III and IV bear two and one seta instead of one and no setae, respectively, while the trochanters' setal formula of C. officinalis is 1-1-1-1, and 1-1-2-1 in the new species. The femora setal formula of C. creticus is 4-3-2-0, as opposed to 4-4-2-2 in the new species and in C. officinalis. The chaetotaxy of the tarsi of C. arbuti and C. creticus are 6(2)-6(2)-5-5 and 7(1)-7(1)-5-5, whereas it is 9(1)-9(1)-5-5 in the new species. According to Hatzinikolis and Papadoulis (1987) tarsi I and II of C. arbuti each have two solenidia, but judging from the figure it seems as if they considered one of the p setae, as a solenidion.
The new species is most similar to C. officinalis and shares the same host. It differs from C. officinalis as mentioned above. The spermatheca of the female of C. officinalis is kidney-shaped whereas it is lobed in the new species; the rostral shield has two median and two submedian lobes in the new species, and two median, two submedian and two lateral lobes in C. officinalis. The male of the new species differs from that of C. officinalis in that the reticulations of the dorsal shields are smaller, the rostrum extends almost to the anterior margin of femur I, instead of beyond, the rostral shield has four blunt median lobes, as opposed to only two long, median lobes, and setae v2 is slightly longer than distance v2-v2 whereas it is twice as long as v2-v2 in C. officinalis.

Diagnosis
Female. Dorsum irregularly striate-rugose with smooth patches, complete and incomplete reticulations in between. Dorsal body setae minute and smooth, except very long and flagellate setae h2. Venter strongly striate-rugose. Ventral and genital shields also striate-rugose. Ventral and genital shields are flanked by three incomplete lines. Spermatheca with first half bulged followed by a constriction and second half flared.
Dorsum ( Figure 3A). Dorsum irregularly striate-rugose with smooth patches, complete and incomplete reticulations in between. The dorsal body setae are minute and smooth except for h2, which is very long. Rostrum deeply emarginated with two median lobes and two sub-median lobes. Two pairs of eyes between setae sc1 and sc2.
Venter ( Figure 3B, C). Venter strongly striate-rugose. Seta pair 3a much shorter than very long seta pair 4a. Ventral and genital shields striate-rugose and anal shields irregularly striate. Ventral and genital shields flanked laterally by three incomplete lines. One pair of aggenital, two pairs of genital and two pairs of anal setae, all smooth, aggenital setae not reaching genital setae. Outer pair of genital setae slightly anterior to inner pair. First half of spermatheca bulged followed by a constriction and flared distally ( Figure 3C).
Gnathosoma ( Figure 3D). Rostrum reaching basal quarter of femur I. Palp threesegmented, third segment with only a long solenidion distally, second segment with one strongly serrate seta.

Relationship to host plant
The female was collected from the inflorescence of the perennial host plant.

Etymology
The specific designation budensis refers to the Buda Mountains (Pest county), the type locality. The gender is masculine.

Remarks
Several attempts during this study to collect more specimens were unsuccessful implying it to be a rare species. However, we carefully compared it with the descriptions of all the listed species (Mesa et al. 2009). Therefore, we still wish to publish it and if more specimens may be found in future we will revise it. This species belongs to the caudatus-group, subgroup anoplus, of species which have one pair of 3a and one pair of 4a setae (Meyer 1993). Tenuipalpus budensis sp. nov. closely resembles Tenuipalpus sanblasensis De Leon, Tenuipalpus. moraesi Feres and Hernandes, Tenuipalpus jianfengensis Ma and Yuan, Tenuipalpus hornotinus Chaudhri, and Tenuipalpus placitus Chaudhri, in having all dorsal setae, except h2, very short. However, it differs from them all mainly in the dorsal and ventral ornamentations, namely irregular striate-rugose with smooth patches and complete and incomplete reticulations, and strongly striate-rugose, respectively. In most of the other species it is mainly striate, but the prodorsum of T. sanblasensis has distinct L-shaped ridges medially and T. moraesi has a wrinkled ornamentation dorsally, and is striate ventrally. The female further differs from T. moraesi and T. placitus in that the aggenital setae are shorter than the distance to the genital setae and the rostrum reaches only to the basal quarter of femur I whereas in T. moraesi, T. jianfengensis, T. hornotinus and T. placitus it reaches to at least half the length of femur I. Unfortunately, the spermatheca was not described for these species, which may be an additional distinguishing character.