July 30, 2020 Report Open Access

Karamanidou, Lena; Kasparek, Bernd

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{
  "inLanguage": {
    "alternateName": "eng", 
    "@type": "Language", 
    "name": "English"
  }, 
  "description": "<p>This report analyses and interrogates&nbsp;the accountability and transparency regime of the European Union&rsquo;s border agency Frontex.&nbsp;Frontex was established as a European Union agency in the field of border, migration and&nbsp;asylum policies in 2004 and began operating in 2005. Over the last 15 years, the mandate of&nbsp;the agency, originally tasked with coordinating the operational management of the European&nbsp;Union&rsquo;s external border through support to the EU&rsquo;s member states, has expanded&nbsp;significantly. Through a series of reforms, most notably in 2007, and 2016 and 2019, the&nbsp;agency has become a pivotal actor in what is referred to as &lsquo;European Integrated Border&nbsp;Management&rsquo;. &nbsp;Since the creation of the agency and its first operations, there has been significant concern,&nbsp;both from the European Parliament as well as NGOs and other civil society organisations that&nbsp;the executive mandate of the agency has not been&nbsp;counterbalanced by effective mechanisms&nbsp;for accountability, particularly with respect to fundamental rights.&nbsp;To an extent, the Frontex monitoring and accountability regime has improved since 2011&nbsp;through legislative change, thus strengthening the above mechanisms. The findings of the&nbsp;report however show that despite the continued expansion and strengthening of monitoring&nbsp;and accountability mechanisms since 2016, these efforts have again not resulted in an&nbsp;effective system for monitoring, investigating, addressing, and preventing fundamental rights&nbsp;violations at Europe&rsquo;s external borders.</p>", 
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode", 
  "creator": [
    {
      "affiliation": "Glasgow Caledonian University", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Karamanidou, Lena"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliation": "G\u00f6ttingen University", 
      "@type": "Person", 
      "name": "Kasparek, Bernd"
    }
  ], 
  "headline": "Fundamental Rights, Accountability and Transparency in European Governance of Migration: The Case of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex", 
  "image": "https://zenodo.org/static/img/logos/zenodo-gradient-round.svg", 
  "datePublished": "2020-07-30", 
  "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/3967784", 
  "version": "v.1", 
  "keywords": [
    "Frontex, Border management, migration control, smart borders, border operations, European integration, EU agencies"
  ], 
  "@context": "https://schema.org/", 
  "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3967784", 
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3967784", 
  "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", 
  "name": "Fundamental Rights, Accountability and Transparency in European Governance of Migration: The Case of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex"
}